Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 98 views

    4.0 Water Sources and Quality-2

    Uploaded by

    Zul Imi
    The document discusses water quantity and demand. It states that the average daily per capita water consumption is 280 liters. Water usage depends on economic level, water tariffs, supply system efficiency and climate. It also provides typical daily water usage volumes for cities, suburbs, rural areas, and industries. The document then describes a formula for estimating future average daily water demand based on population, per capita demand, service factors and other water uses. An example calculation is also shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    4.0 Water Sources and Quality-2

    Uploaded by

    Zul Imi
    98 views13 pages
    The document discusses water quantity and demand. It states that the average daily per capita water consumption is 280 liters. Water usage depends on economic level, water tariffs, supply system efficiency and climate. It also provides typical daily water usage volumes for cities, suburbs, rural areas, and industries. The document then describes a formula for estimating future average daily water demand based on population, per capita demand, service factors and other water uses. An example calculation is also shown.

    Original Description:

    Water Sources and Quality

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses water quantity and demand. It states that the average daily per capita water consumption is 280 liters. Water usage depends on economic level, water tariffs, supply system efficiency and climate. It also provides typical daily water usage volumes for cities, suburbs, rural areas, and industries. The document then describes a formula for estimating future average daily water demand based on population, per capita demand, service factors and other water uses. An example calculation is also shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    98 views13 pages

    4.0 Water Sources and Quality-2

    Uploaded by

    Zul Imi
    The document discusses water quantity and demand. It states that the average daily per capita water consumption is 280 liters. Water usage depends on economic level, water tariffs, supply system efficiency and climate. It also provides typical daily water usage volumes for cities, suburbs, rural areas, and industries. The document then describes a formula for estimating future average daily water demand based on population, per capita demand, service factors and other water uses. An example calculation is also shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    4.

    0
    WATER QUANTITY
    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER QUANTITY




    The average daily per capita water consump6on: 280 litre/
    person/day
    It depends on: place & 6me

    Factors aec6ng water usage:
    Economic level of consumer
    Water Tari
    Eciency of water supply system (quan6ty, pressure)
    Climate
    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY




    Volume of water commonly used:
    City (> 10 000 persons); 230 320 litre/person/
    day
    Suburban; 130 230 litre/person/day
    Rural; 135 180 litre/person/day
    Heavy Industries; 45 000 litre/ha/day
    Light industries; 22 000 litre/ha/day

    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY



    Municipal water demand is commonly

    classied according to the nature of the
    usage. The ordinary classica6ons are:
    Domes6c
    Commercial and Industrial
    Public use
    Loss and waste
    Fire Demand
    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY



    Formula for es6ma6ng water consump6on

    per capita in one area:

    KAP = Q / P
    where

    Q = volume of water supplied to that area
    P = popula6on in that area

    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY



    RelaTon of Water QuanTty and PopulaTon

    Since popula6on is always a relevant factor in
    es6ma6ng future water use, it is necessary to
    predict, in some manner, what the future
    popula6on will be.

    The hypothesis of geometric method assumes that
    percentage of growth popula6on is constant
    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY


    Geometric Method:

    r = (Pn / Po) 1/m 1 where

    r = the percentage of growth popula6on and r is a constant
    (in decimal)
    = 0.025 (for Malaysia)
    m = period of the projec6on = n 0
    Po = the present popula6on (year 0)
    Pn = the popula6on at some 6me in the future (year n) where
    n > 0
    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY



    Basic formula for es6ma6ng future average daily water
    demand:

    WDn = Pn x Cn x fn + WDT(n) where

    WDn = total water demand at the end of year n

    Pn = the popula6on at the end of year n


    Cn = daily water demand per capita at the end of
    year n
    fn = service factors at the end of year n
    WDT(n) = daily water demand for other uses (such as
    for industrial, commercial etc.)

    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY
    State Urban Rural
    SERVICE 1985 1993 2000 1985 2000 2008

    FACTORS
    Johor 0.92 0.99 0.99 0.61 0.78 0.85

    Kedah 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.58 0.92 0.95

    Kelantan 0.65 0.82 0.99 0.30 0.50 0.70

    Melaka 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.82 0.85 0.95


    N.
    0.89 0.99 0.99 0.75 0.86 0.95
    Sembilan
    Pahang 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.65 0.80 0.90

    Perak 0.9 0.99 0.99 0.75 0.80 0.90

    Perlis 0.93 0.99 0.99 0.50 0.93 0.95

    P.Pinang 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.85 0.87 0.95

    Sabah 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.38 0.55 075

    Sarawak 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.33 0.40 0.70

    Selangor 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.73 0.80 0.90

    Terengganu 0.85 0.92 0.99 0.40 0.82 0.95

    Malaysia 0.93 0.99 0.99 0.58 0.74 0.86


    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY


    Example 1

    Popula6on in the year 1960 = 33,300 persons
    Popula6on in the year 1990 = 67,300 persons
    Heavy Industrial Area = 40ha.
    Light Industrial Area = 75 ha.
    Daily water demand per
    capita at the end of year 2015 = 280 L/capita/day
    Assume service factor = 0.99

    Es6mate the total average daily water demand in the year
    2015

    SKAA 2912 : 4.0 WATER QUANTITY

    4.0 WATER SOURCES AND QUANTITY


    SoluTon:


    P2015 = P1990 (1 + r)m = 67300 (1 + 0.024)25 = 121762 persons

    WDn = Pn x Cn x fn + WDT(n)

    WDT(n) = 40 x 45,000 + 75 x 22,000
    = 3.45 x 106 L/day
    WDn = 121762 x 280 x 0.99 + 3.45 x 106
    = 37.2 x 106 L/day
    = 37.2 MLD

    You might also like