Design Concepts For Jib Cranes PDF
Design Concepts For Jib Cranes PDF
Design Concepts For Jib Cranes PDF
ib cranes are either attached to a building column or can- Column-mounted jib crane forces produce effects on the
J tilever vertically from an independent floor mounted col-
umn. Shown in Figure 1 is a representation of a column
overall building frame and building bracing systems as well
as local effects at the columns to which they are mounted.
mounted jib crane. This paper will primarily address jib The effects on the building can be accounted for by placing
cranes that are attached to building columns. Essentially a point loads on the column(s) at the appropriate locations
jib crane is a boom with a moveable trolley hoist. The trol- and combining them with the appropriate load combina-
ley hoist moves along the length of the boom and the boom tions as prescribed by the building code. The local effects
swivels allowing the lifted load to be maneuvered about in must be dealt with individually.
a relatively small semi-circular area.
The hoists and trolleys of jib cranes are usually slow GLOBAL JIB CRANE LOADS
moving and either manually or radio operated. The arc-
General
swing is usually manually accomplished but can be mecha-
nized when required. Jib cranes exert vertical gravity loads and horizontal thrust
There are two different types of column-mounted jib loads on the supporting column. Hinge forces supplied by
booms normally encountered. The fundamental difference the crane manufacturer should be used if available. If
between the two is in the way in which the vertical column unavailable, the loads may be approximated from statics as
force is distributed. The suspended boom as depicted in shown below and in Figures 2a and 2b.
Figure 2a is analyzed as if it delivers 100 percent of the ver-
tical load to the column at the top hinge. The cantilevered
boom (Figure 2b) distributes the vertical load equally
between the two hinges. FV
FH E
B
Fb
FH
D A P
where
n = Total number of jib cranes acting along the column
line with due regard to sign convention.
Load Combinations
1. Crane loads in combination with environmental loads:
Fig. 11. HSS Cross Section. Fig. 12. Translation Due to Rotation.
Fig. 13a. Top of Column Connection Detail with Channel. Fig. 14a. Top of Column Connection Detail with Roof Joist.
KT = MT/ = 748,200 in.-kip/rad The twist of a closed section of length L is equal to:
The detail in Figure 14a will provide much less torsional = MTL /(4GJ)
stiffness to the column end connection depending on the
size of the rafter flange. If one assumes that the first flange Therefore the equivalent torsional spring constant is
braces are 7.5 feet either side of the column, a model simi- MT/ = 4GJ/L. By setting this equal to the support spring
lar to the one in Figure 14b is developed. constant
The rotation of the channel at the column connection is:
KT = 4GJ/L
90"
2MT
=
32, 400 EI x 2 dx Solving for the required virtual column length
0
LV = 4GJ/ KT
Assuming that the beam is a W2455 (7-in. x -in.
flanges) torsional stiffness of this connection is: Therefore, the equivalent length of segment for use in the
equations is:
KT = MT/ = 27,630 in.-kip/rad
Le = 4GJ/ KT + LA
From the above comparison it can be seen that the Figure
13a model is roughly twenty-seven times as rigid as the and
model for Figure 14a. If flange braces were added to the
Figure 14a model similar to the Figure 13a model the tor- 1 1
sional stiffness would become: M T (1) = MT (3) = MT 1
(1 + (Le + B ) ) (
C 1 + (B + C ) Le
)
KT = 82,892 in.-kip/rad
1 1
M T (2) = MT (3) = MT +
These models tend to underestimate the true torsional
stiffness since the rafters are not actually pinned at the
(
1 + (Le + B ) C
) (1 + (B + C ) Le
)
flange brace locations. However, there is also a tendency to
overestimate the stiffness since the resistance provided by Example
the flange braces is not truly rigid. Column = HSS 1010
The equations for the torsional moments in the three col- Top connection detail is same as in Figure 14a
umn segments A, B and C (as shown in Figure 7c) given KT = 27,630 in.-kip/rad
above are based on two assumptions. Segment lengths: A = B = C = 8 ft
Applied torsional moments = 300 in.-kip
Tw = PH/2 + PV(D)/h
Sidewall Yielding
This criterion may control when the width of the hinge
bracket bH is nearly as wide as the HSS face.
Effective Width
The out-of-plane stiffness of the HSS wall varies across the
width of the HSS. Near the orthogonal HSS walls the stiff-
ness is very high. Near the center of the HSS the stiffness
is reduced. The stiffness at the center of the HSS face
depends on the width of the HSS and the wall thickness.
The outstanding hinge flange spanning laterally across the
Fig. 17. Reinforced Column. HSS is stiffer than the HSS wall to which it is attached.
Direct Bracing
Probably the most effective and efficient way to eliminate
minor axis bending and torsion in jib crane columns is B T
C
to place braces at the jib hinge locations that are designed
to eliminate the out-of-plane hinge thrust forces. (See
Figure 18.) L
If jib cranes are located on all column lines, braces such
as these need only be placed in every other bay. Service-
ability can be an issue with this design. The bracing mem-
bers must be evaluated to assure that the jib crane boom Bay
deflection will not exceed the specified limit. The calcula- R1 = P + R2 R2 = P(L)/Bay
tions are similar to those described for flexural deflections
Fig. 18. Direct Bracing.