A Chair For Yoga

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments and Gratitude
Introduction
Chapter 1: Standing Asanas - Utthitha Sthiti
Chapter 2: Sitting Asanas - Upavistha Sthiti
Chapter 3: Forward Extensions Paschima Pratana
Sthiti
Chapter 4: Twists Parivritta Sthiti
Chapter 5: Inversions - Viparita Sthiti
Chapter 6: Backward Extensions Purva Pratana
Sthiti
Chapter 7: Abdominal Asanas Udara Akunchana
Sthiti
Chapter 8: Restorative Visranta Karaka Sthiti
Chapter 9: Final Words
Appendix: A chair for all a gentle practice
sequence
A Chair for Yoga
A complete guide to Iyengar Yoga practice with a chair
by
Eyal Shifroni, Ph.D.
Second Edition
A Chair for Yoga
A complete guide to Iyengar Yoga
practice with a chair
Second Edition
by
Eyal Shifroni, Ph.D.
Based on the teachings of

Yogacharya B.K.S. Iyengar,
Geeta S. Iyengar, and Prashant S. Iyengar
at the
Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Institute (RIMYI),
Pune, India
Eyal Shifroni
A Chair for Yoga

A complete guide to Iyengar Yoga
practice with a chair
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
author.
Copyright 2013 by Eyal Shifroni
The author of this book is not a physician and the instructions, procedures, and
suggestion in this guide are not intended as a substitute for the medical advice
of a trained health professional. All matters regarding your health require
medical supervision. Consult your physician before adopting the procedures
suggested in this guide, as well as about any condition that may require
diagnosis or medical attention.
The author and the publisher disclaim any liability arising directly or indirectly
from the use of this guide.
All rights reserved 2013

Table of Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1: Standing Asanas - Utthitha Sthiti
Chapter 2: Sitting Asanas - Upavistha Sthiti
Chapter 3: Forward Extensions Paschima Pratana
Sthiti
Chapter 6: Backward Extensions Purva Pratana
Sthiti
Chapter 7: Abdominal Asanas Udara Akunchana
Sthiti
Chapter 8: Restorative Visranta Karaka Sthiti
Chapter 9: Final Words
Appendix: A chair for all a gentle practice sequence
Preface to the Second Edition
The first edition of this book was received very well by

teachers and students of Yoga around the world. Since its
publication in April 2013, many people responded with
enthusiastic feedback; some even suggested certain
variations of their own. I myself have conducted several
workshops based on the book, where new ideas emerged.
I tested the accumulated material and, having added some
new variations, decided it is time to publish a second
edition. I hope this new, expanded edition will trigger new
ways of exploring the asanas in your practice!
Eyal Shifroni
November 2013
The source of all the knowledge presented in this guide is

my Guru, Yogacharia B.K.S Iyengar, the founder of the
Iyengar Yoga method. The use of chairs in Yoga practice
was introduced by Mr. Iyenger along with many other
tools that he has invented and adapted over the years. I
wish to express my deep admiration and gratitude for him
not only as my personal teacher, but also for making Yoga
accessible to millions, enabling every person to benefit
from the gift of Yoga. I wish also to thank my Guru, Mr.
Iyengar, for devoting his precious time to reviewing the
manuscript and suggesting valuable corrections. As
always, his accurate suggestions proved immensely
valuable, pushed me to re-take some of the photos and
contributed to my confidence in publishing the guide.
My initial interest in writing this guide was kindled during

visits to Pune while practicing with a chair under the
guidance of Prashant Iyengar at RIMYI. Geeta Iyengar's
DVD: "The role of the chair in the yogi's life" ignited
many of the ideas presented in this guide.
I wish to thank these three great teachers for
introducing me to the world of Iyengar Yoga and for being
a continuous source of knowledge and inspiration!
I also wish to thank many other teachers, most notably
Faeq Biria, Birjoo Mehta and Jawahar Bangera, who have
deepened and enriched my practice, with and without
chairs.
Gratitude is have also due to my students who helped
test and develop new ideas involving the use of chairs
during classes and workshops. I hope that they have
enjoyed this process as much as me!
The writings of this guide have been a joint-project of all

the teachers who teach with me at the center in Zichron-
Ya'akov (Israel). We have all experimented and tried the
chair-work with our students, and each has contributed his
own ideas. I want to say thanks especially to:
Michael Sela who went through my writings over and
over with endless patience and edited the text. He helped
me formulate this guide and to express my ideas more
concisely and clearly.
Ravit Moar and Rachel Hasson who spent many hours
modeling for the photos in this guide.
Kym Ben-Ya'akov for contributing her talents both as a
Yoga teacher and as an American native English-speaker
using her hawk-eye to check the English in this guide.
Thanks to Anat Scher for her willingness to model for

the photos of the appendix. Special thanks also to my
student Ram Amit who volunteered to take the photos and
who did such a dedicated and wonderful job! Thanks also
to my sweet daughter, Ayelet, who took some of the photos
and edited all the photos to give them a final touch.
And, last but not least, I want to thank my wife, Hagit.

Without her love and support, this guide (and many other
things) could never have become real.
Photography: Ram Amit

Models: Ravit Moar, Rachel Hasson & Eyal Shifroni
Graphic Design: Einat Merimi | Studio A.N.A.
Text Editing: Michael Sela
Introduction
This guide is a modest attempt to present how a chair can

be used to deepen and enhance the practice of Yogasasna.
It was born out of the interest and enthusiasm expressed by
my students during classes and workshops in which we
explored various ways to use chairs. They requested me to
document this work, so that they could continue to practice
at home.
We hope that this presentation will help practitioners,

students and teachers make systematic use of chairs in
their practice, thus helping to spread Iyengar Yoga for the
benefit of all!
The Use of Props

B.K.S. Iyengar has developed a range of equipment and
accessories that enable every person to improve her/his
asana practice and benefit from it. The main purposes of
these "props" are to help the practitioner:
Perform asanas which are difficult to perform

independently
Achieve and maintain correct alignment during the
practice
Stay longer and relax in challenging asanas, in order

to attain their full benefit
Study and investigate the asanas in greater depth.

Props are indeed an important characteristic of Iyengar
Yoga, but they should not be confused with its essence.
Props are a means to an end - such as alignment, stability,
precision, and staying longer in asanas.
This guide focuses on one such prop: the chair! It
contains eight chapters, each dedicated to another family
of asanas, and an appendix "A chair for all a gentle
practice sequence".
The usages of the chair covered here, are intended to
direct awareness to different aspects of the asanas and to
different parts of the body, in order to deepen and enhance
the understanding of the asanas. Practitioners should be
careful not to develop dependency on props; rather, props
should be employed intelligently in pursuit of a more
mature and mindful asanas practice.
What Type of Chairs Should be Used?

The chair must be stable and sturdy and have a horizontal,
square-shaped, flat seat at the appropriate height (about a
45 cm elevation from the floor). It is strongly
recommended to use the folding metal chairs used in
RIMYI and other Iyengar centers. These chairs are
typically equipped with two horizontal, supportive metal
rungs, one welded between the front legs and the other
between the rear legs. The backs of such chairs should be
removed, in order to expose the frame of the backrest for
ease of gripping and for enabling movement through it.
Important Notes
This guide is not intended for people suffering from
special health problems. If you suffer from a severe health
problem, please seek guidance from a teacher who is
certified to conduct therapeutic Yoga classes.
This guide is not intended for newcomers, but for people
who have already acquired some basic knowledge and are
familiar with the basic techniques of the presented asanas.
For a complete guide on the techniques of asanas, please
refer to Light on Yoga by B.K.S Iyengar, or other sources
such as Yoga the Path to Holistic Health by the same
author. Yoga in Action by Gita S. Iyengar is a
recommended introduction to Yoga practice.
The techniques shown here are based on the insights and
principles of the Iyengar method. Using the props without
understanding these principles misses the point. Our
motivation is to facilitate and deepen the understanding of
these principles. For this reason, a practitioner using this
guide should have a solid foundation in Iyengar Yoga.
For some of the advanced (and less familiar) poses, we
have added a reference to the plate depicting the pose in
Light on Yoga; for example, for Bhujangasana II (shown
in plate 550) we added the reference: LOY, Pl. 550.
Finally, remember that no guide can include all the options
of chair use in Yoga. We encourage you to practice in a
playful manner; to explore, invent and discover other ways
of enhancing your Yoga practice with a chair! For
comments and suggestions please write to the author at
[email protected].
CAUTION!
Users of this guide must have a solid foundation in
Yoga practice, preferably obtained through regular
classes with a certified Iyengar Yoga teacher. Some of
the variations shown in this guide are advanced and
should not be attempted without guidance and
supervision. The author takes no responsibility for any
injury or damage that may occur due to improper use
of the material presented.
Enjoy your practice!

Chapter 1: Standing Asanas - Utthitha
Sthiti
Tadasana or Samashtiti
In Tadasana, the chair gives a sense of direction and helps
to achieve correct alignment.
We show three ways of using the chair.
Variation 1: Chair behind

A chair placed behind helps to roll the shoulders back:
Turn the chair backwards and stand in front of it, your
back facing the backrest.
Stand in Tadasana and place the fingers on top of the

backrest.
Use the support of the hands to extend the spine and

open the chest.
Use the backrest as a gauge for the vertical alignment.

Variation 2: Chair in front
A chair placed in front helps to lift the chest and to check
the lateral alignment.
The support of the chair, gentle as it is, helps to align and

balance the pose and to make it even (sama).
Variation 3: Toe mounds on the chair legs
Lifting the toe mounds elongates the calf muscles and the
Achilles' tendons. This is especially useful for joggers and
cyclists, whose activity tends to shorten these muscles. It
is important to stretch and massage these muscles as
dilated calf muscles indicate accumulation of venous
blood, which slows down the circulation.
Variation 3 can also be used in Urdhva

Hastasana.
Adho Mukha Svanasana
Raising the palm support in Adho Mukha Svanasana
(downward facing dog) helps to shift the body weight to
the legs and stay longer in the pose. In this way, even
beginners can practice this important asana and learn to
work the legs, extend the trunk, open the chest, and so on.
Variation 1: Raising the palms

The following sequence presents three stages of moving
into the pose, using the chair to raise the hands and
provide resistance for the hands.
Stage 1: Palms on seat

Place the chair with its seat against the wall.
Place the palms on the seat and step back into the pose
The high support for the hands is very useful for people
who are stiff or have weak arms. It helps to shift the body
weight from the arms to the legs.
Stage 2: Palms on rung

Now turn the chair so that its front faces the wall.
Place the base of each palm against the rung of the
chair.
Open the palms and spread the fingers apart

Note that in stage 2, the force you apply on the chair may
fold it. To prevent this, place the chair with its seat facing
the wall. In this way, the chair will slide and fold slightly
until it is stopped by the wall. Then, it will not fold
anymore and you will be able to lean safely on it.
Stage 3: Palms on floor

If possible, take the hands further down and place the
palms on the floor.
Place the chair's legs between the index and thumb of

the corresponding hand.
Spread the fingers well while pushing against the chair

legs
Variation 2: Chair inverted
The chair can also be used when placed upside down to
support the palms or the feet.
i. Palms support
Turn the chair upside down and place its backrest
against the wall.
Place the palms on the bottom side of the seat (or hold
the legs of the chair).
Step back into the pose.
Pushing the palms against a slanted surface helps to lift the

forearms and tighten the elbows. In addition, the legs of
the chair support the forearms and elbows. This is very
relaxing for the arms and it is a boon for people who tend
to hyper-extend the elbows.
People with a wide shoulder girdle are advised to hold
the legs of the chair instead of placing the palms against
the seat. This helps to roll the arms from inside out (move
the triceps muscles closer to the center line and the biceps
muscles away from the center line of the body).
The same placement of the chair can be used in Adho
Mukha Virasana as shown here:
ii. Feet support

It is also possible to place the feet on the slanted seat.
Placing the feet higher lifts the buttock bones and sharpens
the awareness in the pelvic girdle. Press the heels down in
order to get the full extension of the legs.
More on the use of the inverted chair will be presented

later.
Variation 3: Leaning on the chair
In this variation, the front side of the torso leans on the
chair. The heels are lifted and supported against the wall.
It is recommended to place blankets on top of the backrest
and the seat in order to soften the contact points .
This variation is very useful for releasing and extending
the back, especially after practicing backbends. It gives
rest and extension to the entire body. The abdomen is
broadened and recedes toward the lower back.
If needed, blocks can be used to support the palms
and/or feet .
Ardha Uttanasana
Ardha (half) Uttanasana prepares for Uttanasana and
Adho Mukha Svanasana. Beginners, who find it difficult
to bend from the pelvis, bending instead from the lumbar
region, are advised to practice this pose before attempting
full Uttanasana. Bending from the lumbar is unsafe as it
compresses the vertebra in this region; hence, the use of
the chair.
Variation 1: Outer wrists on the backrest

Stand at the appropriate distance from the chair,
stretch the arms up to Urdhva Hastasanaand then bend
forward. Place the outer wrists on the backrest of the
chair, palms facing each other. Move the front thighs
back and stretch the trunk forward
This easy variation helps to train the legs by lifting the
arches and the kneecaps; opening the back of the knees;
turning the upper thighs in, etc. It also helps to stretch the
back and make it concave.
Variation 2: Chin on the backrest

Lifting and supporting the chin enables one to concave the
back and provides further extension to the front spine and
neck.
Note:
Before arching the neck, be sure to extend the spine
forward, concave it, and move the trapezius muscle away
from the neck. This prevents compression of the neck
vertebras
Variation 3: Resting the forehead on the bolster

Resting the forehead on a soft support enables deep
relaxation for the brain
Variation 4: Resting on the backrest
Stand facing the backrest of the chair and spread the
legs apart until the front groins reach the height of the
backrest (use a blanket for cushioning).
Bend forward and use the support of the backrest to

extend the trunk forward
Lower the head and place the forehead on the seat.
You can comfortably hold the chair legs and relax
Tall people should spread their legs further apart, thus
making the pose similar to Prasarita Padottanasana .
Variation 5: Opening the shoulders
A helper can provide traction to create movement and
opening in the shoulders.
The helper sits on the chair. The practitioner bends
forward to Ardha Uttanasana, places his/her
shoulders on the helper's thighs, interlocks the fingers
with arms stretched behind his/her back and hooks the
palms around the helper's neck.
The helper gently pushes the practitioner's shoulder
blades in (toward the floor) while moving the skin of
the upper back toward the middle back, and leans
backward to provide traction to the shoulders.
Note:
As in all cases when assisting, the helper should be
sensitive and alert not to overstretch the practitioner.
Uttanasana
This is an intense stretch for the entire back side of the
body. The chair can be used for relaxing the pose and
extending its duration. Three such variations are shown
below, each with a unique effect. The forth variation
demonstrates how the chair may be used to increase the
stretch.
Variation 1: Head resting on the seat

Placing the forehead or the crown of the head on the seat
provides deep relaxation for the brain and the eyes
Variation 2: Shoulder girdle on the seat
This variation requires greater flexibility.
Stand in front of the chair, bend into Uttanasana and
place the back of the shoulder girdle against the edge
of the seat
The slight pressure on the base of the neck releases the
neck muscles.
Variation 3: Front groins against the backrest

Fold the chair and lean the backrest against the front
groins. Adjust the height by tilting the chair to the
desired angle.
Bend forward, hold the legs of the chair, make the

back concave and look forward
Now, exhale and bend into the final pose
The touch of the backrest on the front thighs helps to keep
the groins high, creating space in the pelvic region and
maintaining the horizontal symmetry of the pose.
Taller practitioners will need to hold the chair at a
steeper angle
Variation 4: Standing on the seat
This variation facilitates a more intense stretch.
Stand on the seat facing the front. Releae the toes over
the edge. Spread the legs to pelvis width.
Bend forward and hold the seat or the front legs of the
chair.
Use the arms to pull and increase the stretch.

The chair provides a grip for the hands, thus making the
arms much more effective in creating a stretch for the back
body.
When one stands at a height, a fear of falling may arise.
This variation helps to overcome such fear, and to develop
balance, stability and confidence.
The following examples show the use of chairs for support
and stability in several standing asanas, thus enabling one
to stay longer in the pose and place more attention to finer
details of the pose. It also enables stiff people to enjoy
these poses. Generally speaking, the chair can be used in
three ways: behind, in front or inverted.
Utthita Trikonasana
Utthita Trikonasana (Triangle pose) is a basic standing
pose. The chair can help in finding the correct alignment
of the pose and in extending its duration with reduced
effort.
Variation 1: Chair behind

To use the chair on the right side:
Place the chair behind you on the right side with the
seat facing backwards (the backrest closer to you).
Turn the right leg out and hold the backrest behind the
back with the left hand
Bend into the pose and place the right hand on the seat
Using the grip of the left hand on the backrest, open the
chest and turn it upward
If possible, go further down and grip the leg of the

chair or the horizontal rung close to the floor .
This variation, where the chair is behind, helps to move
the shoulders back especially the left shoulder (back leg
shoulder) - and to turn the chest upward.
A helper can give traction to the spine and neck .

This variation is helpful when there is difficulty in
reaching the ankle of the front leg.
To use the chair on the left side:
Place the chair in front of you and align the left side of
the chair with the left leg.
Turn the left leg out.
Go into the pose, place the left hand on the seat and
hold the backrest with the right hand. Push the right
hand to turn the chest.
The chair supports and stabilizes the pose and helps to
broaden the pelvis and turn the chest upward.
Variation 3: Foot on the inverted chair

Here, the chair is turned upside down and the front foot is
supported on the slanted bottom of the seat.
Invert the chair (legs up) and place the backrest
against the wall.
Turn the right leg out and place the foot on the inverted
seat
Go into the pose and hold the higher horizontal rung.
You can turn the palm out as in . This helps to roll
the shoulder back and turn the chest upward.
If possible, go down further and hold the lower
horizontal rung, next to the right leg
A back view is shown in .
The slanted support of the front foot activates the front leg
and helps to shift the body weight to the back leg. This
variation is a good workout for the joints of the front leg:
the ankle, the knee and the hip. It strengthens the knee and
helps to move the head of the femur (thigh bone) into its
socket in the pelvic girdle.
The rungs of the chair provide hand support at two
levels: a higher one (to start with) and a lower one (to
move deeper into the pose).
Variation 4: Foot on the seat

Placing the front foot higher increases the effect of the
previous variation.
To do the pose on the left side:
Place the chair with its back against the wall.
Place the middle of the left heel against the edge of the
seat and bend into the pose.
This variation further reduces the load on the front leg.
The pressure of the heel on the edge of the seat activates
the foot, knee and hip of the front leg. The knee becomes
active without overloading it, and the femur bone is drawn
better into the socket of the hip joint. The back leg (right in
photo) becomes heavy and stable.
The same placement of the front foot can be applied to
other standing poses. Try it in Parsvottanasana, Parivrtta
Trikonasana, Virabhadrasana II, Utthita
Parsvakonasana and Parivrtta Parsvakonasana. (Only
Parivrtta Trikonasana will be shown here).
Virabhadrasana II
This is an intense pose and a good stretch for the inner
legs and groins.
Variation 1: Resting the buttock on the seat

In this variation, the chair is used to support the buttock of
the front leg.
Place the chair in front of you and align the front edge
of the seat with the right leg.
Turn the right leg out and pull the chair into the space
between your legs
Bend the right leg and place the chair seat to support
the right buttock. (You will have to move the chair a
little to the right as you bend the leg).
Keep the left leg well stretched.
Hold the backrest and use the arms to turn the chest
from right to left, and to lift it upward
The chair takes the load off the right leg. This enables one
to stay in the pose using less effort and to work on the
details of the pose, such as stretching the left leg and
moving it backwards; rolling the right knee out and making
sure it is bent to 90; creating width in the pelvis; lifting
the lower abdomen; and turning the chest from right to left.
Positioning the seat between the two thighs helps to
spread the legs and open the groins.
If the chair is lower than the bottom of your knee,
place a folded blanket or a foam block on the seat
The chair can also be placed behind.
This helps to roll the shoulders back .
In this variation, the foot of the front leg is raised and
placed on the slanted surface of the inverted chair. The
instructions on how to use the chair and the effects of this
variation are explained in Utthita Trikonasana (see here).
Utthita Parsvakonasana
Variation 1: Buttock on the seat
As in Virabhadrasana II, here the chair can be used to
support the buttock of the front leg. This has similar effects
and enables concentration on the stretch with the reduced
load.
Gripping the chair in front helps to roll the chest up
Gripping the chair from behind helps to roll the upper

shoulder back (left shoulder in and ). The chair also
helps to turn the chest up.
Another option is to turn the chair and insert the front leg
under the backrest .
When doing the pose on the right (as in ), the chair

supports the right armpit, helping to maintain the length of
the right waist (which tends to shrink in this pose).
Variation 2: Foot ont the inverted chair
placed on the slanted surface of the inverted chair.
Instructions on how to use the chair and the effects of this
variation are given in Utthita Trikonasana (see here).
Virabhadrasana I
This is a challenging pose which requires flexibility and
strength. The chair can be used to support the front leg's
buttock, thus making the pose lighter. It enables one to stay
in the pose longer and to concentrate on the back leg.
Variation 1: To use the chair on the right side:

Stand facing the chair and insert the right leg under the
backrest.
Bend the right leg to 900 and place the right buttock on
the chair . If needed, place a folded blanket or foam
block on the seat to adjust the height
Lift the right heel and turn the leg and the pelvis from
left to right.
Move the left buttock away from the tail bone and the
front left groin forward to touch the seat
A side view of the pose done on the left is shown in

Holding the backrest helps to lift the chest and brings it to
the correct alignment, which is right above the pelvis and
facing forward. Lifting the chest helps to lift the whole
torso from the pubic bone and up
Pushing the left heel against the wall, as shown on the
previous here , helps to turn the pelvis to the front and to
maintain the stretch of the back leg. Gradually, with
practice, the front groins will lengthen making this rather
difficult action possible.
Variation 2: In this variation, the chair is used solely for

supporting the hands:
Place the chair in front with the backrest facing you.
Bend into the pose and hold the backrest.
To help turning the left leg further in, place the heel against
the wall.
This variation is closer to the final pose; holding the chair

helps to lift and turn the chest and to roll the shoulders
back.
Ardha Chandrasana
Ardha Chandrasana (Half-moon pose) is a balancing
pose with many beneficial effects. It develops balance and
strength, helps to keep the hip joints healthy and creates
space in the pelvis (which is a boon for women during
menstruation and pregnancy). Using the chair, one can
maintain the required balance, achieve the correct
alignment and stay longer.
Placement of the chair in front of the body provides
support and a reference plane, which helps to balance in
the pose and turn the chest up
Another recommended variation is to place the chair

behind the body. To perform the pose on the left side:
Place the chair behind you, aligned with the left leg,
backrest against the left hip.
Bend the left leg (the standing leg) and hold the back
rung of the chair with the left hand (if the rung is too
low, grip the leg of the chair.).
Lift and stretch the right leg while stretching the left
leg.
Swing the right hand back and catch the backrest

behind the back
A rear view of the pose done on the right is shown in .

This variation gives a good feel for correct alignment and
also provides support for the lower shoulder (left in ).
The support of the top arm (right arm in ) behind the
back helps to open that shoulder and to turn the chest.
Parivrtta Trikonasana
This pose requires flexibility, balance, stability and
spatial orientation.
Variation 1: Twisting to face the chair

In this variation, the chair provides a fulcrum for the twist
and helps to keep balance. It also provides support for the
hand when one has difficulty reaching the floor.
Spread the legs and place the chair behind you near
the left leg, backrest facing your back.
Turn the legs to the left. Extend the body to the left
while twisting the torso until the chest is facing the
chair.
With the right hand, catch the lower back rung of the
chair (if you cannot reach it, simply place the palm on
top of the seat) while the left hand holds and pushes
the backrest
With each exhalation use the support of the chair to
increase the twist, The left hand can be moved to the
waist , or stretched up as in the final pose.
A view from the head side is shown in
Be sure to start with the chair behind you, so that after
twisting you will be facing the chair.

In this variation, the foot of the front leg is placed on the
slanted surface of the inverted chair. The instructions on
how to use the chair and the effects of this variation are
explained in Utthita Trikonasana (see here).
This variation is especially helpful for Parivrtta
Trikonasana, as it provides various support points for the
lower arm (the right arm in the photos). You can catch the
horizontal rung , or the leg of the chair at any height.
Gradually, you can lower the hand further down to catch
the lower (front) leg of the chair
Variation 3: Foot on the seat
The foot of the front leg can be placed even higher, on the
seat:
A similar variation was shown for Utthita Trikonasana

(see here); here it is even more helpful as it shifts weight
to the heel of the back leg a challenging action in this
pose.
Parivrtta Ardha Chandrasana
In this pose, the chair can be used either at the front or at
the back.
To use the chair at the back, start by placing it in front,
then twist and catch the chair behind the back.
To practice the pose on the left side:
Spread the legs and place the chair in front of the
body, backrest aligned with the left leg.
Turn the legs and enter the pose on the left side.
With the right hand, catch the horizontal rung, then

swing the left hand and shoulder back to catch the
backrest behind the body.
The right foot can be placed against the wall to

increase balance and provide resistance for the upper
leg.
Parivrtta Parsvakonasana
This is an advanced twisting pose. The chair can help to
prepare for the final pose, providing a stable fulcrum for
the twist.
Variation 1: Twisting to face the chair

In this variation, the bent leg rests on the seat; hence, the
effort to hold the pose is reduced and that leg is stabilized.
Stand with the right leg near the wall. Spread the legs
and place the chair behind you, near the left leg,
backrest facing away from you.
Bend the left leg to 900 and place the left buttock on
the chair (if you are tall, place a folded blanket or a
foam block on the seat as in ).
Turn the right leg, lift the heel and place it on the wall.
Twist the trunk from right to left until the chest is
facing the chair.
Move the right armpit toward the left knee, bend the
elbow, and catch the backrest.
With the left hand, hold the backrest from above, and
push.
With each exhalation, use the support of the chair to

increase the twist
Variation 2: Foot on inverted chair
placed on the slanted surface of the inverted chair. The
instructions on how to use the chair are explained in the
section on Utthita Trikonasana (see here).
Holding the leg of the chair and pushing the foot against
the slanted surface helps to anchor the arm for the twist.
This helps maintain stability and increase the movement in
this challenging pose.
Virabhadrasana III
This pose is probably the most challenging standing asana
with respect to strength and stability. For most beginners,
it is quite difficult to hold the pose with correct alignment
without supporting the hands.
Variation 1: Outer wrist on backrest

Place the chair at an appropriate distance from you,
the backrest facing you. Bend to Ardha (half)
Uttanasana and place the outer wrists on the backrest.
If the hips are higher than the backrest, put a folded
blanket on the backrest or place the chair on blocks to
increase its height.
At this stage, the legs are perpendicular and the torso

and arms create a straight horizontal line.
Lift the left leg until it is horizontal and stretch it

backwards, keeping the center of gravity right above
the front of the heel of the standing foot (you can place
the left foot against the wall to increase the stretch and
get further support).
Press the wrists against the backrest to sink the

shoulder blades into the body while lifting the inner
arms and elbows.
Variation 2: Standing on the chair and holding the

backrest
The backrest can support the hands also in another
interesting way. To do the pose on the right leg:
Stand on top of the seat facing the back of the chair.
Bend to half Uttanassana and catch the backrest. To

increase the outer turning of the shoulders you can turn
the hands as in
Move the front thighs back and extend the trunk
forward. Look forward.
Now lift the left leg until it is parallel to the floor.

Extend the leg back and keep extending the trunk
forward
Parsvottanasana
In this pose, the chair can be used both for support and for
checking the alignment of the pelvis.
Variation 1: Chair as a support

Use the support of the chair for stability in order to study
the work of the legs and the turning of the pelvis.
Beginners may find it hard to bend forward and place the
hands on the floor; the support of the chair helps them stay
in the pose. Practitioners who are able to reach the floor
may still use this variation in order to improve the rotation
of the pelvis.
Place the chair in front of you. Move the left leg
backward.
Inhale and extend the arms up then exhale and bend

forward.
Place the outer wrists on the backrest. Look forward

and concave the back
Now, bend further and lower the forehead until it rests
on the seat
A bolster can be placed on the seat for cushioning and

relaxation
Variation 2: Chair to ensure alignment
In this variation, the chair is placed against the front
groins, enabling one to check that the pelvis is sufficiently
rotated. It also helps to keep the groins at an even height
when bending forward.
To use the chair with the left leg forward:
Fold the chair and hold it in front with the seat facing
up. Step backward with the right leg.
Place the backrest against the front groins. Make sure

that the right groin touches the chair as much as the left
one.
Bend half way forward and hold the legs of the chair.
Concave the back and look forward
Exhale, bend further down and place the forehead on
the chair. Keep rotating the right hip forward to touch
the backrest with the right side
A bolster can be placed on the chair for cushioning and
relaxation

In this variation the foot of the front leg is raised and
placed on the slanted surface of the inverted chair.
Invert the chair and place its backrest against the wall
(legs facing up).
Stand in front of the chair. Step forward with the right

leg and place the foot on the (back surface of) seat.
Inhale, raise the arms up, extend the trunk and then
bend forward and hold the back legs of the chair (see
).
Concave the back and look forward
Exhale and bend further to catch the front legs of the

chair. Look forward and extend the front part of the
spine
Now, bend and extend further forward, and lower the

forehead to the shin
The chair helps to stay in the intermediate (concave back)
stage . This stage is important for learning how to extend
the spine forward. Women during prganncy or
menstruation should practice this stage only, and not bend
all the way down. The support of the chair enables them to
stay at this stage, while keeping their abdomen long, wide
and soft.
As explained earlier, the placement of the foot on the
slant improves the work of the front leg.
Prasarita Padottanasana I
A good way to work on this pose is with the back legs
against the wall. This teaches the alignment of the legs
(buttock bones and heels aligned on the same vertical
plane) and the activation of the front thighs. Working with
the wall, one tends to tilt forward and the chair can
support the hands to prevent this. The chair also helps to
lengthen the front body, concave the back and work on
lifting the knee caps and flattening the front thighs toward
the wall.
Place the chair about 1 meter (3.5 feet) away from the
wall with its seat facing the wall.
Stand with the back to the wall and bend forward.
Place the palms on the seat. If possible, bend further

until the forearms touch the seat.
Push the front thighs backward against the wall.

Extend the torso forward, concave the back, and look
forward
For a longer and more relaxed stay in the pose, a bolster
can be placed on the chair to support the forehead. This
variation is very helpful for women during menstruation
and pregnancy
Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana II (lateral)
The work with the chair and the back against the wall
makes this advanced pose accessible for everybody. The
pose opens the pelvis, broadens the abdomen and can be
used to prepare for Utthita Trikonasana and Ardha
Chandrasana.
Stand with your back to the wall and place the chair
on the left side with the seat facing you. Place a piece
of sticky mat on top of the backrest.
Bend the left leg and place the foot on the seat. Rotate
the left knee out (toward the wall) and move the left
buttock in (away from the wall). Stretch the right leg,
moving the front thigh backwards toward the wall
Now loop a belt around the left foot, straighten the leg,
and place the heel on the (cushioned) backrest
Staying with the support of the chair enables one to
work on the delicate details of this pose (e.g. stretching
the legs, moving the left buttock in, and keeping the
Tadasana actions in the standing leg and in the torso).
Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana I (forward)
In this pose, place the chair in front of you to support the
lifted leg. Hold the foot with a belt.
Make sure that the two sides of the pelvis are aligned
(same height and same distance from the chair)
If possible, extend forward, hold the backrest and pull it to
bend over the lifted leg (to approach the final pose, see
LOY Pl. 23).
Utkatasana
In Light on Yoga B.K.S. Iyengar writes: "Utkata means
powerful, fierce, uneven. This asana is like sitting on an
imaginary chair." However, a real chair can still be used
to help you bend deeply and stay longer in the pose:
Stand in Tadasana and place the chair behind you.
Lift the arms to Urdhva Hastasana or Urdhva

Namskarasana.
Bend the legs slightly, roll the flesh of the buttocks

down and in. Slowly bend the legs further until you
gently sit on the chair.
Take a few breaths maintaining the stretch of the arms

and torso and then slowly straighten the knees back to
Urdhva Hastasana.
Repeat several times.
This pose strengthens the quadriceps and is therefore

important for the health of the knees. The chair helps to
study the correct movement of coming into and out of the
pose; it also helps to stay longer in the pose.
Garudasana
The challenge of this pose is to entwine the legs without
losing the balance. Sitting on a chair helps to learn this.
Sit on the chair and entwine the legs and arms.
Once you can do the pose sitting, try to rise from the
seat and hold the pose without supporting the buttocks.
Vasisthasana
This is a balancing pose (LOY, Pl. 398); the chair helps to
learn the pose and stay in it, so that you can work on
stretching and opening the lifted leg.
To do the pose with the left leg lifted:
Place the chair with the seat facing you and lie with
your right side on the chair so that the right hip is
supported by the edge of the seat.
Enter the first stage of the pose by placing the right

palm on the floor and stretching the left arm up
Now, hold the big toe of the right leg with the right
hand and stretch that leg vertically up
Chapter 2: Sitting Asanas - Upavistha
Sthiti
In many of the sitting asanas the chair can be used to

support the back. This helps to maintain the back upright,
long and stable; to lift and open the chest; and to stay in the
asana comfortably for an extended period of time.
Baddha Konasana
Variation 1: Supporting the back
Start by sitting high on the chair. This makes it easier to
extend the spine upward and to open the chest.
Sit on the chair and bring your feet together. If needed,
prepare a folded blanket under the chair to support the
buttocks when coming down. The blanket should be
placed slightly forward
Move the hips slightly forward and then slide down
toward the floor. Support the back by pushing the
palms against the seat ylwols so as to maintain the
length of the torso
Finally, move the buttocks slightly back and sit on the
blanket with the back supported against the front edge
of the seat .
In many sitting poses, the support can be used for sitting
upright as shown above (in Sanskrit this is called
Samaashrayi). It can also be used for arching backwards
to lift and open the chest further (this is called
Upaashrayi).
To arch the back, raise the torso slightly and hold the
backrest. Place a bolster or two on the seat to support
the back of the head.
If you do not reach the backrest, loop a belt around the

backrest and hold it .
Help in Baddha Konasana
People who are flexible in the groins and inner thighs can
get a further opening with the help of a teacher or another
person. The helper sits on the chair, places his feet on the
practitioners thighs and gently presses them and rolls
them out. The practitioner rests his arms on the helpers
thighs to support the lifting of the trunk .
Attention: The muscles of the groins are gentle so the
helper should also be very gentle and take special care not
to place too much weight on the practitioners thighs. Do
this variation only if you know the pose well and are
aware of your limitations.
Using the chair as a backrest can be useful for other sitting

poses like Upavistha Konasana, Dandasana, Virasana
and Sukhasana (or Swastikasana) and Padmasana. In
some of these asanas, however, it is not possible to
descend from the chair as shown in Baddha Konasana.
Variation 2: Holding the chair

Here the chair helps to lift the chest and also induces
stability and quietness.
Variation 3: Belt around the chest, blocks against the

shins
A further opening of the chest, as well as spreading of the
groins, can be achieved by hooking a belt to the backrest
of the chair.
Sit in Baddha Konasana facing the back of the chair.
To stabilize the chair, place a heavy object on the seat,
or ask someone to sit on it.
Place two blocks between the shins and the legs of the
chair.
Place an open belt behind your mid-back, loop it

around the backrest of the chair and adjust it so that it
will support the back and move the chest forward and
up.
If possible, move the pelvis forward (closer to the

chair) to get further opening of the groins and thighs.
Here, the chair serves two important purposes: first, the
pull of the belt helps to open the chest and create space in
the abdominal and the chest cavities; second, the pressure
of the blocks helps to spread the bent legs and move them
further back. These are basic actions in this pose.
Upavistha Konasana
Variation 1: Supporting the back
Sit on the chair placed with its back against the wall
and spread the legs wide.
Move the hips slightly forward and start sliding down

. See here for detailed instructions.
Finally, sit on the floor (or on a folded blanket) and

lean against the seat
Once seated, lift yourself and arch back to catch the
backrest (with or without a belt) . For staying longer,
place two bolsters to support the back of the head
Variation 2: Holding the chair
Placing the chair in front helps to lift the chest and
stabilize the pose.
Dandasana
In this pose, the hands are used for lifting the chest. If
needed, place two blocks under the palms.
Virasana
Tadasana on the chair
It is possible to learn and practice the actions of the upper
body in Tadasana when sitting on the chair. This is
particularly suitable for people who cannot stand, but it
can teach all students how to extend the spine, open the
chest, and practice mindful breathing.
Sit on the chair facing backwards with the legs
inserted under the backrest. Keep the thighs parallel to
the floor and the shins perpendicular forming 900 at
the knees . If you are tall, place a folded blanket on
the seat, as in ; if the feet do not reach the floor,
place suitable support under the feet (not shown).
Stretch the arms down and catch the legs of the chair
as low as possible. Work the arms and notice the
effect on the shoulder blades and upper back.
Now, interlock the fingers and stretch the arms upward

as in Urdhva Baddhanguliyasana
Next, take the hands down and catch the backrest. Pull
the chair to move the elbows and shoulders back and
the chest forward.
This is a good way to practice Pranayama. Sitting on

the chair makes it much easier to lift and stabilize the
spine; furthermore, holding the backrest helps to open
the chest. For deep breathing, always lower the head
to the chest to perform Jalandhara Bandha .
Working on Tadasana while sitting helps you focus on the

upper body. Holding the chair makes the arms active and
helps roll the shoulders back, move the shoulder blades in,
and open the chest. Once learned, you can apply these
same actions while standing in Tadasana.
Chapter 3: Forward Extensions
Paschima Pratana Sthiti
Bending forward when sitting on the floor is difficult for

many practitioners; it takes time to learn to extend the
spine in a forward bend. Extending the spine is vital in
these poses because it protects the inter-vertebra discs
from being compressed, thus preventing injury.
In the following examples, the chair is used for learning
how to extend the spine safely. We start with
Paschimottanasana and then show some of the variations
for other forward extensions.
Paschimottanasana
Variation 1: Sitting on the chair
Place the chair on a sticky mat in front of the wall; put
another folded sticky mat on its seat.
Sit so that the buttock bones are near the edge of the
seat and the feet are placed against the wall . This
way there is no danger of sliding off the chair. Another
option is to secure the chair by placing its back against
the wall, and place the feet against a block .
Put the palms on the seat and use them to lift the chest
(this is Dandasana on chair)
Raise the arms and stretch them up to get further

extension of the spine and more lifting of the chest
Move the chest forward, and while maintaining a
concave back, move the hands backwards to hold the
backrest behind you (if you cannot reach the backrest,
loop a belt around it and hold it with both hands). Stay
in this position to feel the lengthening of the front spine
Now move the arms forward and catch the big toes
while keeping the back concave. If the toes cannot be
reached, loop a belt around the feet and hold it .
Bend forward and extend the upper body over the legs.
You can take the arms backwards to hold the legs of
the chair .
Move the arms forward, hold the feet, and rest the
forehead on the legs .
To relax more in the pose, place a folded blanket or a

bolster on the legs to support the forehead .
Most beginners find this variation very helpful. The
downward slope of the legs eases the forward extension
while gravity helps to release the spine.
Variation 2: In between two chairs

This is a more advanced variation which helps to open the
back of the legs and increase the forward extension. It is
suitable for advanced practitioners. The body is supported
only on the buttock and heel bones. Pressing these four
bones down helps to extend the trunk while keeping the
inner organs soft.
Sit on one chair and place another one at the
appropriate distance (measured by the length of your
legs). Put sticky-mats on both chairs.
Hold the backrest of the chair you are sitting on and

concave the back
Lift the arms, extend upwards and then bend forward
to hold the backrest of the other chair. Extend the arms
in line with the sides of the trunk and pull the chair
while pressing the heels down . This will open and
extend the sides of the body. Lifting the sides allows
the spine to descend further toward the legs. If you
cannot reach the backrest of the other chair, hold the
seat or use a belt.
Variation 3: Resting the forehead on the chair
This variation helps less flexible people stay longer in the
pose and enjoy quietness and relaxation. The cooling and
relaxing effect of forward bends is not felt if the forehead
is not rested on a support. This variation enables one to
achieve the desired effect in case there is difficulty
placing the forehead on one's legs.
Sit on a folded blanket in front of the chair.
Place the chair above the legs and push the toe mounds
against the horizontal metal rung connecting the back
legs of the chair. Make sure all the toe mounds are
touching the chair equally (pay special attention to the
big toe mound).
Bend slightly forward and hold the backrest of the

chair. Lift the chest and concave the back
Bend forward to rest the forehead on the seat, keeping
the arms in line with the sides of the body
If the horizontal rung is too high for your feet, place
the heels on a block
This variation helps one to open the feet and extend the
legs. The legs become active without inducing tension in
the upper body.
Variation 4: Pulling the legs of the chair

This variation is suitable for more advanced practitioners
who wish to improve their forward extension. Compared
with the previous variation, this one requires a more
intense extension because the feet are supported against
the front horizontal rung of the chair.
Push the feet against the metal rung connecting the
front legs of the chair and pull the chair with the arms.
Lift up the sternum bone, concave the back and look
upwards
Now, lift the elbows and bend them sideways, extend
the trunk forward and rest the head on the shins.
Note that here the forehead is not supported on the seat but
on the leg (if needed put a folded blanket on the shins).
Variation 5: Chair inverted; pulling the seat
Here we invert the chair and use the bottom side of the
seat to support the feet.
Sit on a folded blanket and place a folded chair in

front of you, with its legs towards you and its seat
facing up.
Unfold the chair slightly. Place the feet against the

bottom of the seat. Hold the front legs of the chair and
pull towards you. The heels are lifted slightly and
placed on the bottom rim of the seat (place a sticky
piece on it for cushioning).
Lift the chest and concave the back

Bend forward and grasp the sides of the seat. Adjust
the arm by modifying the folding of the chair until you
reach a comfortable distance.
Place the upper arms on the front legs of the chair.
Push the chair with your legs and pull it with your
arms. Rest the forehead on the shins (place a folded
blanket on the legs if needed)
Using the chair in this way has several advantages:
The feet are fully pressed against the seat which provides
a solid support for both the heels and the toe mounds.
The heels are slightly raised on the rim of the seat, helping
to further open the back of the knees.
The legs of the chair support the arms and help to keep
them lifted. This lift of the arms and elbows is important,
since otherwise the sides of the body tend to close and
shorten. When the elbows drop, the vertebras stick out and
the back curves up (laterally), instead of being flat.
The next section shows a similar application of the chair

for forward extensions in which one of the legs is bent.
The chair is used in two main ways:
To support the forehead on the seat this is helpful
when one cannot extend the body to reach the straight
leg, and
For anchoring the hands which helps to increase the

forward traction. This is done by either holding the
legs of the chair or inverting the chair upside down
and holding the seat.
We have not attempted to present all the variations but

instead have selectively shown how to apply some of the
options.
Janu Sirsasana
Triang Mukhaikapada Paschimottanasana
Ardha Padma Paschimottanasana
In Ardha Padma Paschimottanasana, the bent leg is held
in place on the upper thigh of the straight leg; making it
possible to sit on the chair to bend forward, very much
like variation 1 of Paschimottanasana (see here).
Sitting on the chair gives a high support, thus creating
more freedom to bend the leg into a half lotus position ,
and to move the trunk forward . The Baddha variation of
the pose (catching the big toe of the bent leg) is shown in
Marichyasana I
In the following two asanas, the chair is used to support
the forehead. This variation helps people who have
difficulty bending forward, to stay longer and to relax in
the pose. In addition, the chair provides anchoring for the
hands, helping the practitioner to extend the front side of
the spine further forward.
Adho Mukha Baddha Konasana

Adho Mukha Upavistha Konasana
Urdhva Mukha Paschimottanasana I
Two ways of using the chair for this pose are presented.
Variation 1: Legs on the seat

Sit on the floor and place the chair about 50
centimeters (20 inches) in front of you.
Lift the legs and place the calf muscles on the edge of
the seat.
Extend the body upward and forward. Fold the upper

body over the legs. Extend the arms forward and hold
the backrest.
Place the chair with its back close to the wall. Sit on
the chair facing its backrest.
Lift the legs and place the calf muscles or the back of
the knees on the backrest and and the feet on the wall.
Extend the body upward and forward. Fold the upper

body over the legs. Extend the arms forward and hold
the feet.
Malasana
Two ways of using the chair for this pose are presented.

Sit on the chair facing the backrest.
Lift the legs and place the back of the knees on the
backrest.
Lean forward and embrace the legs.

This variation is very relaxing. It can be used after
practicing back bends, to relax the back and extend the
regions of the spine that may have been compressed. It is
also very soothing for the knees.
Variation 2: Standing on the chair

Squat on the chair facing the backrest.
To prevent falling back, hold the backrest.
When practicing this pose on the floor, one tends to roll

backwards. One solution for this is to lift the heels on
some support, but this will not extend the calf muscles.
Using the chair in this way helps to move the shins
forward while extending the calf muscles. This will
improve the flexibility of the ankles.
Kurmasana
Kurmasana is a challenging forward bend which requires
a lot of flexibility. With the help of the chair, everyone can
enjoy it.
Sit facing forward on the edge of the chair.
Extend the body and the arms forward and place the
palms on the floor away from your body
Gradually move the trunk in between the legs. Make

the back convex and move the hands toward the back
of the chair and hold its back legs
Pavana Muktasana
This variation of the pose, using two chairs, is very
relaxing and provides deep rest for the abdominal organs
and the lower back. It can be used to alleviate symptoms
such as lower back pain, headache, and high blood
pressure.
Place two chairs to face one another. Place a folded
mat on one chair and a bolster on the other
(lengthwise).
Sit on the mat and extend forward. Adjust the position

of the other chair so that the abdomen and chest rest on
the bolster.
You can fold the arms on the bolster as in or stretch

them forward over the backrest, as in
If needed, use another bolster or a folded blanket to
raise the support for the forehead.
Parsva Pavana Muktasana
This is a variation of Pavana Muktasana with a side
(parsva) stretch.
To stretch to the right side:
Continuing from the previous pose, move the chair in

front of you a little to the right.
Turn the whole trunk from left to right and then lean on
the bolster while extending forward.
You can place the forehead or the left cheek on the

bolster.
When twisting, the chair can be used in the following two

ways:
Sitting on the chair this helps to extend the spine
from its root.
Sitting on the floor next to the chair and using it to

increase the twisting action.
For some twisting asanas both ways are applicable.
Parsva Sukhasana
To twist to the right side:
Place a sticky mat on the chair and a folded blanket on
top. The sticky mat prevents the blanket from sliding.
Sit with crossed legs with the buttock bones on the

blanket and the feet on the seat.
Turn to the right, roll the right shoulder back and hold
the seat or the leg of the chair. The left hand holds the
right knee.
Inhale and extend the spine, exhale and use the arms to
twist.
The chair provides anchoring for the right hand, helping to
increase the twist.
Variation 2: Sitting on the floor

In this variation, the chair is used when sitting on the floor.

Sit with crossed legs on a folded blanket and place the
chair in front and diagonally to your right.
Turn to the right. Place the left hand on the seat and the
right hand on the wall (or on a block) behind you.
Use the chair support to extend the left side of the

body and to lift the left armpit.
Inhale and extend the spine; exhale and use the arms to
twist
Now, bend diagonally forward. Hold the backrest and
lean the forehead on the seat (place a blanket or a
bolster for cushioning)
The chair can also be placed behind you and used to
support the right hand
Bharadvajasana I on the Chair
Bharadvajasana I is a basic twisting pose. Twisting with
a straight, extended spine is very beneficial for the back.
Sitting on the chair enables one to extend the spine and
twist along its axis. This popular variation helps to
achieve the twisting action without compromising the
spinal alignment. It can be used for releasing lower
backache and is suitable for women during menstruation
or pregnancy.

Place a folded sticky mat on the seat. Sit sideways
with the right side of the trunk facing the backrest
Make sure that the thighs are parallel to the floor,
forming a 900 angle with the perpendicular shins. Tall
practitioners may need to use a blanket or two to
increase the height of the seat , while short
practitioners may need to place a support under their
feet (not shown).
Keep the spine extended upward and twist to your
right.
Hold the backrest. With each exhalation, increase the

twist by using the left hand to pull and the right hand to
push the backrest.
Keep both knees in line. A block held in between the

thighs or knees can be used to stabilize them
To twist to the left, turn and sit with the left side facing
the backrest
Another option is to sit facing the backrest. When twisting

to the right:
Insert the legs under the backrest and sit on the chair
facing backwards.
Twist to your right and place the right palm on the seat
at the back. With the left hand, pull the outer right
knee.
Now, twist further and, if possible, grip the left side of

the backrest with the right arm . This helps to further
rotate and open the right shoulder.
In this pose it is a challenge to keep the pelvis stabilized.
If the pelvis moves, we get a turning action instead of a
twist because the entire body turns. The sticky mat on the
seat and the block between the legs help to stabilize the
pelvis. The following is yet another good option to
prevent the pelvis from sliding and turning:
Insert the legs under the backrest and sit on the chair
facing backwards.
Depending on the width of the chair and your pelvis,
place a wooden or foam block between the backrest
and the right hip. The block should be held in place
with slight pressure .
Turn to your right.

In addition to stabilizing the pelvis, the block creates
compactness in the hip joints, helping to extend the spine
and increase the twisting action.
The following variation will provide immediate feedback

on whether the pelvis has been turned.
Place the chair in front of the wall.
Insert the legs under the backrest and sit on the chair,
knees facing the wall.
Place foam blocks (or other soft support) between the

knees and the wall (maintain the right angle between
the thighs and the shins).
Turn to the right and sense the pressure of the knees on

the foam blocks. The right knee tends to lose contact;
hence, extend the right thigh forward and keep the right
knee pressing the block
Bharadvajasana I (on the floor)
Here, Bharadvajasana is done as usual (sitting on the
floor) and the chair is used to intensify the twisting action.
To twist to the left:
Sit in Dandasana and place the chair to your left.
Fold the legs to the right, placing the right front ankle
on the arch of to left foot.
To prevent the body from tilting to the left, place a

folded blanket under the left buttock.
Twist to the left and hold the chair so that the right
palm is higher than the left one.
With each exhalation, use the right arm to pull the

chair toward you and the left arm to push the chair.
This will increase the twisting action.
When twisting, the side which is opposite to the twisting
direction tends to drop and shorten. For example, when
turning to the left, the right side tends to shorten and the
spine tends to curve to the left. Using the chair helps to
keep both sides of the trunk parallel.
Marichyasana III
When doing Marichyasana III on the floor it is difficult to
lift the spine from its base. The following three examples
show how the chair helps to achieve this lift.

When practicing this asana on the floor a folded blanket is
usually used to lift the buttocks. This enables the lift of the
sacrum at the back and the pubic bone at the front in a
parallel manner. However, a blanket is not always enough
and one can benefit from sitting higher, on the chair.
Place a support for the buttocks on the seat (two
folded blankets or another similar support).
Bend the left leg and place its heel on the seat.
Twist to the left and place the right upper arm against
the left outer knee. Hold the backrest with the left
hand.
Observe how this variation helps to lift the trunk and
separate the lower abdomen from the pelvis, enabling it to
move more freely. The backrest provides an anchor for the
back arm (left in the photo), helping to intensify the twist.
Variation 2: Sitting on the floor chair on the side

To twist to the right:
Sit in Dandasana on a folded blanket and place the
chair to your right.
Bend the right leg and place the heel close to the
buttock bone.
Keeping the right leg pressed against the chair, twist to

the right. Place the left elbow on the seat and hold the
backrest. Place the right hand behind you and if
needed, support it on a block
Another option is to hold the chair with both hands

The chair stabilizes the bent leg and provides an anchoring
point for the opposite arm (left arm when twisting to the
right).
Variation 3: Sitting on the floor chair behind

chair behind you.
buttock bone.
Twist to the right and place the right elbow on the seat.
Press the left arm against the outer right knee, as usual.
Marichyasana I Twist only
Marichyasana I is a forward bend, but the first stage of it
is a twisting action. It is possible to practice this stage
when sitting on the chair as shown in Marichyasana III
(see here) but here we only show the variation on the
floor, next to the chair.

chair to your left.
buttock bone.
Twist to the left and hold the seat with the right arm.
The left hand can be placed on a block, or used to
push the chair.
This variation can be practiced safely by women during

menstruation as a substitute for Marichyasana III.
Ardha Matsyendrasana I
The special cross of the legs in this asana is challenging.
The chair is used to stabilize the pose and increase the
twisting action.
Sit in Dandasana and place the chair to your right.
Bend the left leg and sit on the inner arch of the foot.
Place a folded blanket between the foot and the
buttock in order to raise the seat.
Bend the right leg and cross it over the left thigh. The
right ankle should firmly touch the outer left knee. In
order to keep the right shin perpendicular, place a
foam block between the outer knee and the seat.
Twist to the right and hold the seat with the left hand.
You can support the right hand against the wall or on a
block
The chair makes the left arm more effective in lifting the
left side of the body and provides support to the right leg,
thus enabling one to increase the twisting action.
One can also hold the chair with both hands for a left twist
Another option is to place the chair behind you to support
the right hand
Ardha Matsyendrasana II
This is an advanced variation of Ardha Matsyendrasana I
(LOY, Pl. 330-1). It provides a greater lateral twist to the
spine.
With the right leg bent (twisting to the left):
Put a folded sticky mat on the chair and sit on it.
Bend the right leg to Ardha Padmasana (half lotus),

then twist to your left and hold the backrest with the
left hand. Grip the seat on the left side with the right
hand
Now bend forward and swing the left arm behind the
back. With the left hand grasp the right ankle or shin
Sitting on the chair the same way, you can also twist to the
right:
With your right arm hold the backrest and turn to the
right.
From there swing the right arm back to catch the right
foot
Pashasana
Pashasana is an advanced twist (LOY Pl. 328 & 329).
The chair can be used to prepare the body for the final
pose.
Variation 1: Sitting on the chair - feet on the floor

This is an easy way to learn the twisting action. To twist to
the left:
Sit on the chair with legs together. Bend slightly
forward and twist to the left.
Place the right elbow against the left outer knee and
grip the backrest with the left hand.
Use the arms and the exhalations to gradually increase

the twist
Then, slide the right arm down to grip the leg of the
chair.
Concave the right side of the back, roll the left

shoulder back and twist further to the left
Variation 2: Sitting on the chair - legs on the backrest
Sit on the chair facing backwards and place the back
of the knees on the backrest.
Twist to the left, placing the right elbow against the

left outer knee and the left hand on the seat.
Here, the seat provides the fulcrum for the twist, while the
legs are held in position by the backrest. The support of
the backrest is very soothing for the knees.
Variation 3: Squatting - chair behind

This variation better resembles the final pose which is
done in a squatting position.
Stand in front of the chair and bend the knees
gradually, while twisting to the left.
Place the left hand on the seat and push down to help
move the knees forward.
Move the right elbow across the left leg and push it
against the outer knee
Now bend further into a squatting position
Many people tend to fall back when practicing this pose.

Supporting the back hand on the chair prevents this. It
helps to move the knees forward and extend the calf
muscles.
Variation 4: Squatting - chair on the side

This variation is closest to the final pose.
Stand and place the chair to your right.
Bend the knees while twisting to the right and hold the
chair with both hands.
Cross the left upper arm over the right knee. Place the
elbow on the seat and grasp the backrest
With each exhalation, use your arms to twist the trunk

further.
If you tend to fall backwards, place a folded blanket

under the heels.
The chair support helps to intensify the twist.
Utthita Marichyasana III
This variation of Marichyasana III is done while standing
(hence, the name Utthita). The standing posture helps to
extend the spine. Therefore, this is one of the best poses
for releasing the lower back and creating movement
between the vertebras.
Place the chair near the wall and increase the height of
the seat, so that when putting your foot on it, the knee
is higher than the hip.
Stand with your right side touching the wall and the
chair in front of you.
Lift the right leg and place the foot on the support.
Twist to the right and place the left hand against the
outer right knee.
Use the right hand to push the wall and the left hand to
pull the right outer knee
Press the right hip to the wall and do not allow the left
thigh to move forward.
Inhale and extend upward; exhale and twist.
When twisting to the left the right (standing) thigh tends

to move forward. A helper can stabilize it and increase the
twist. The helper pushes the practitioner's hips to the wall
and supports his right (standing) leg to prevent it from
moving forward.
At the same time, the helper can roll the left shoulder
backwards and push his/her right side ribs to the right and
toward the wall.
The helper should not apply force directly on the shoulder

but rather place his/her left hand in between the
practitioners shoulder and chest and be careful not to pull
too strongly.
Salamba Sirsasana
Variation 1: Sirsasana on two chairs
This variation enables you to benefit from the tremendous
positive effects of Sirsasana, "the king of all asanas", even
when you cannot do the pose independently because of
reasons such as:
Difficulty in lifting the shoulders and creating enough
length in the neck,
Pain or sensitivity in the neck,
Injury to the skull.
To enter the pose:

Place two chairs facing each other next to the wall.
Roll two sticky mats so that they have equal in
diameter and density and place one on each seat. The
distance between the chairs should allow the head to
enter in between the seats.
Stand in front of the chairs. Bend forward, move the

head down in between the two chairs and rest the
shoulders on the rolled sticky mats.
Now, gently draw the chairs closer to each other, and
to the neck. The rolled sticky mats should support the
flesh between the neck and the two shoulders
symmetrically.
Place the back of the shoulders against the wall
Place the palms on the chairs and lift the legs.
Place the heels against the wall and stay in the pose.
Make sure the heels and the back of the head are in
line. Keep lifting yourself by pushing the shoulders
into the chairs
Variation 2: Using the chair to support the shoulder
blades
Place a chair with its back against the wall.
To prevent the chair from folding, you may place a 10

Kg (20 pounds) weight on the seat (not shown).
Depending on your size and the chairs height, you
may need to raise the surface slightly. In that case,
place two or three folded blankets on the sticky mat
and possibly another lengthwise three-folded blanket
to support the head
Place the crown of the head on the mat or the folded

blanket, just below the front edge of the seat.
Straighten the legs and move forward to touch the seat
with your shoulder blades.
Go up to Sirsasana lifting one leg after the other .

If you find it difficult to lift the legs, ask a friend to
help you.
Note:
In order to protect the head and neck from excessive
pressure in Sirsasana it is crucial to lift the shoulder
girdle and to take the shoulder blades deep into the body.
In this variation, the chair helps the arm and shoulder
muscles to hold the shoulder blades in place. Study how
strongly these muscles should work in free-standing
Sirsasana. The chair blocks the movement of the
shoulders backward as one lifts the legs, thus makes it
more challenging then usual. If you find it too difficult, ask
a friend to help you.
Sirsasana Variations
The following variations in Sirsasana can be practiced
using the chair as the support for one or both legs.
Eka Pada Sirsasana

Urdhva Dandasana
Parsvaika Pada Sirsasana

Pindasana in Sirsasana
This advanced variation in Sirsasana is possible if you
can interlock your legs to Padmasana (the Lotus) while
standing on the head (possibly with the back against the
wall). In the final pose, the legs are lowered until the shins
touch the upper arms (LOY, Pl. 218). The chair provides a
higher support and therefore enables a longer, less
stressful duration .
Place a bolster on the chair for a higher and softer support
Sirsasana Viparita Karani
The common variation of Viparita Karani is practiced
with the shoulders and back of the neck resting on the
floor. However, this Sirsasana variation of the pose is
practiced with the crown of the head resting on the floor.
Note: This is an advanced variation do not try it without
proper guidance.
To get into the pose:
Place the chair near the wall, and a folded blanket

slightly away from the chair. The height of the blanket
depends on your height and the chair's height.
Sit sideways on the chair and roll to place the legs on
the wall. Insert the arms in between the legs of the
chair.
Slowly slide down from the chair, arch the back, and
keep sliding until the top of the head rests on the
blanket.
Stretch the legs vertically up and stay in the pose

From this pose it is possible to move directly to Salamba
Sirsasana as shown in to .
It is a nice way to enter Sirsasana since the chair helps to
extend the neck and spine and to open the chest. This can
be maintained when moving to Sirsasana. However, one
should be very experienced and stable in Sirsasana before
attempting it.
Pincha Mayurasana
Pincha Mayurasana (LOY, Pl. 357) requires balance,
strength and mobility of the shoulders.
You can start by using the chair to prepare the shoulders
for the pose.
Note: This variation requires a great deal of movement in
the shoulders. Beginners may skip it.
Lie with the upper back on the chair and insert the
head and arms under the backrest . If you have long
upper arms, use a blanket or two to raise the seat until
the distance between the rung and the seat matches the
length of the upper arms.
Bend your elbows to catch the back rung or the back

legs. The hands and elbows should be shoulder width
apart
If your palms do not reach the rung ask your teacher to
help you or try to use the right hand to help the left to
catch, and vice versa. After a few times, you may be
able to catch with both hands. Another option is to
loop a belt around the rung and catch the belt.
Slide back to the chair until the head is supported on

the seat, and the elbows are just above the palms.
Lift the pelvis; you may straighten the legs, but keep
lifting the buttocks
Roll the elbows from outside in, to maintain them

shoulder width apart.
This variation opens the shoulders and prepares for

Pincha Mayurasana in which there should be a 900 angle
between the lower and the upper arms.
In many cases, the shoulder blades stick out, the front ribs
push forward and the buttocks drop back. The following
variation can be used to support the shoulder blades, keep
the pose vertical and reduce load on the lower back.
Practicing this way will help you to open the chest and
increase movement in the shoulder region.
To use the chair:
Place the chair next to the wall, with the seat facing
you.
Place the forearms on the floor, under the chair. The

elbows should be shoulder width apart and the
forearms parallel to each other. If you cannot maintain
the proper width, place a block between the palms and
tighten a belt around the elbows.
Raise the buttocks and support the shoulder blades

against the front edge of the chair.
Lift the legs to Pincha Mayurasana. Stretch the whole

body up and stay in the pose
You can hang a belt on the seat to prevent the chair from
folding and to ensure that the elbows will remain under the
shoulders and will not slide outward.
Hang a belt on the seat
Insert the arms inside the loop, and place the elbows
at shoulder width. The belt should be adjusted so that
it will embrace the elbows and the seat with slight
pressure.
Lift into Pincha Mayurasana

A helper sitting on the chair can gently lift and pull your
lower front ribs as in . The chair keeps the shoulder
blades tucked in and prevents the shoulders from shrinking
toward the floor, thus helping the upward extension.
Salamba Sarvangasana I
This is one of the poses in which the chair is often used
and is commonly called "Chair Sarvangasana". The chair
support enables deep relaxation and makes the pose
restorative for the body and mind. It helps to open the
chest and improve breathing in the upper chest region. The
chair stabilizes the pose to the extent that even people
suffering from neck problems or tightness in the shoulders
can do it safely.
To use the chair:

Place the chair next to the wall, with its backrest 10-
15 centimeters (4-6 inches) from the wall.
Put a folded blanket on top of a sticky mat on the seat.
Spread a blanket under the chair and place a bolster

on the floor parallel to the front of the chair.
Sit sideways on the chair then roll to move the legs

toward the wall. While holding the backrest, place the
heels in the space between the backrest and the wall
and pull yourself toward the wall until the buttocks are
close to the wall
Now you are lying safely balanced on the chair, so you
can release the backrest, move the arms under the seat,
insert them in between the front legs of the chair and
grip the back legs
Slowly slide down and rest the shoulders on the
centerline of the bolster. Use the arms to pull the
shoulders back until the back of the neck rests freely
on the rounded edge of the bolster. Your weight should
be distributed between the chair and the bolster.
Hold the back horizontal rung of the chair with the

palms facing up.
The legs can lean against the wall or stretch

vertically upward .
Notes:
Using the wall is optional; the pose can also be practiced
without the wall.
If the neck feels compressed or if the seat is too high for
you, place a triple-folded blanket under the bolster to
raise the shoulders from the floor (not shown).
If the seat feels too low, place another folded blanket on
the seat to support the sacrum .
Variations of Chair Sarvangasana

The legs can be placed in Baddha Konasana, with the feet
supported on the backrest.
In some cases, it is more convenient to loop a belt around

the backrest to provide a lower support for the feet.
The legs can also be in Padmasana.
These leg variations give more lift to the back and a
further opening of the chest.
Bending the elbows around the front legs of the chair

intensifies the opening of the chest.
From there you can move to Pindasana in Sarvangasana.

Halasana & Variations (back against the
chair)
To go to Halasana:
From Chair Sarvangasana, lower the legs to the floor

and move to Halasana. Stretch the legs and place the
top of the toes on the floor (if you find it hard to reach
the floor, place a low stool beneath the toes).
Keep holding the chair.
Now, pull the chair toward you to support your back

with the front edge of the seat. If possible, bend the
elbows around the front legs of the chair
Now, lift yourself back into Sarvangasana. This time
the body should be vertical as in the classic pose
Lower one leg to the floor for Eka Pada

Sarvangasana (LOY, Pl. 250) . Then change, and
lower the other leg.
Lower one leg to the side for Parsvaika Pada
Sarvangasana (LOY, Pl. 251) . Then change, and
lower the other leg.
Then go back to Halasana and practice variations
such as Karnapidasana, Supta Konasana, Pindasana
in Sarvangasana (LOY, Pl. 269), Parsva Halasana
and more (only Parsva Halasana is shown here ).
Ardha Halasana & Variations (feet on the
chair)
Full Halasana is practiced with toes on the floor. This
variation of the pose, with toes on the seat, is called Ardha
(half) Halasana.
To enter the pose:
Stack 4 to 6 folded blankets to form a raised platform

for the arms and shoulders.
Place the chair at the appropriate distance from the

edge of the blankets, on the side where the head will
be.
Lie with the back on the platform so that the shoulders

are set about 5 centimeters (2 inches) in from the edge
and the head is on the floor (it is recommended to
place an additional blanket under the platform as a
cushion for the head).
Lift the hips and roll back until the tips of the toes
reach the chair behind the head.
Stretch your arms behind your back, interlock the

fingers and press the elbows down toward the floor.
Stretch the legs, lift the front thighs, and tighten the
knees
After several minutes in Ardha Halasana lift the right

leg up then change, and lift the other leg.
Finally, you can lift both legs (one after the other) into
Sarvangasana.
From there, draw the chair further toward you, bend

the legs, and use the chair for (Ardha) Karnapidasana
.
If you can place the legs in Padmasana (the Lotus),
then use the chair to do Pindasana in Sarvangasana
.
You can place two chairs at both sides diagonally
from the platform, to support the leg that moves down
in Parsvaika Pada Sarvangasana
Then lower both legs to the chairs to (Ardha) Supta
Konasana
Ardha Halasana is a recommended way to learn
Sarvangasana. Many beginners find it difficult to lift the
upper back and place themselves on the heads (tops) of the
shoulders. In Ardha Halasana the high support of the feet
enables one to achieve this lift with more ease.
Note: This pose can also be performed passively, without
the strong arm and leg stretch, as a way to extend and relax
the back (see Restorative Ardha Halasana on here).
Niralamba Sarvangasana
Chair Sarvangasana has been shown before with the back
facing the wall but it can also be done with the front facing
the wall. It can be used as a preparation for Niralamba
(with no support) Sarvangasana because you can balance
with only the finger and the tips of the toes pressed against
the wall (instead of using the arms to support the back).
To enter the pose from the chair:
Place the chair facing the wall, about half a meter (20
inches) away from the wall.
Spread a blanket between the chair and the wall and

put a bolster on it. Allow enough space between the
bolster and the wall for the head and neck to fit in.
Sit on the chair and slide down into the pose as

explained in the instructions for "Chair
Sarvangasana" (see here).
Lift the body off the chair, stretch it up and place the
toes against the wall.
Move the arms toward the wall and place the finger
tips against it. Support yourself in this way and stay in
the pose (this is Niralamba Sarvangasana I. LOY Pl.
236)
Then, stretch the arms along the sides of the body (this
is Niralamba Sarvangasana II. LOY, Pl. 237)
From there you can use the chair and the wall to perform
Karnapidasana and Supta Konasana as follows:
Move the arms back, insert them under the chair, and
grip its back legs.
Bend the knees and place the shins and feet against the
wall
From there, spread the legs wide apart to Supta

Konasana and roll the buttocks toward the wall (
),
Wall Halasana and Sarvangasana
Halasana and Salamba Sarvangasana can be practiced
with the back leaning against the wall. This is another
restorative and very relaxing way to do these poses. It is
possible but rather difficult to roll into the pose from the
floor. The chair makes it easier to enter the pose and is
used later to support the legs for Halasana and its
variations.
To enter the pose from the chair:

Place the chair facing the wall about half a meter (20
inches) away from the wall.
Place a blanket between the chair and the wall and put
a bolster on it. The bolster should touch the wall.
Sometimes a bolster will not suffice; in this case, put
another triple-folded blanket under the bolster.
Kneel on the chair and place the palms on the bolster

Slowly lower yourself toward the floor, controlling
the movement with your arms
Roll the head in and rest your shoulders on the bolster.
Move the shoulders back toward the wall and then
lean the back against the wall. Put the legs on the
chair. This is Ardha Halasana
After several minutes, move on to Sarvangasana.

Here, the whole back of the body rests on the wall .
You can support the pelvis by placing a foam block
between the wall and the pelvis .
From there you can practice some variations like Eka
Pada Sarvangasana ,
And Karnapidasana .
Restorative Ardha Halasana
The chair or a bench can support the thighs in Ardha
Halasana. This is a very relaxing pose. It calms the brain
and helps to reduce stress. It is also helpful to alleviate
lower back problems.
Place the chair and spread a blanket next to its side.
Place two bolsters in a T shape: one bolster to support
the shoulders and the other to help with the "takeoff"
(entering the pose) and "landing" (exiting the pose).
Place one or two folded blankets on the seat
The reason for using the side of the chair is that otherwise,
the horizontal rung will not let the head move underneath
the chair (If the chair has no rungs, you can place its front
against the shoulder-supporting bolster).
Lie with the shoulders on the supporting bolster, the
back on the vertical bolster and the head under the
chair
Roll yourself up and place the legs on the support of

the chair.
Stretch the arms back. Interlock the fingers and move

the shoulders back until they rest on the center line of
the bolster.
Now release the arms to the sides and relax in the

pose
Setu Bandha Sarvangasana
This pose is part of the Sarvangasana cycle. Advanced
practitioners enter into it by arching back from Salmba
Sarvangasana. The chair can be used to learn this action.
The chair is used to provide higher support for the legs, so
one can drop half way instead of dropping all the way to
the floor. To use the support of the chair:
Prepare a supporting platform for Sarvangasana as

explained in the section "Ardha Halasana &
Variations (feet on chair)" (see here).

platform on the side to which your back will face. You
can place the chair next to the wall but this is not
mandatory.
Perform Salmba Sarvangasana, then arch back, bend

the knees, and place them one by one on the chair
Straighten the legs. If the chair is next to the wall, push
the feet against the wall. This will increase the arch
and the opening of the chest
From here you can continue on to some other interesting

variations such as:
Lift one leg at a time to Eka Pada Setu Bandha

Sarvangasana (LOY Pl. 260)
Or, bring the legs to Padmasana and place them on the
chair for Uttana Padma Mayurasana (Remember that
in the final pose the knees should descend all the way to
the floor, see LOY Pl. 267).
The chair can also be placed diagonally to the side in
order to use the backrest as a support for Parsva
Sarvangasana (LOY Pl. 254) and Parsvaika Pada
Setu Bandha Sarvangasana . You will need two chairs
(or someone to move the chair from side to side).
Chapter 6: Backward Extensions
Purva Pratana Sthiti
The chair offers many options for opening the chest,

elongating the lower back and working the back muscles
in preparation for independent back arching.
Salabhasana
You can use the chair to learn the chest action of
salabahasana. Support the palms on the seat and press
down to lift the chest while arching the upper back.
This variation of Salabahasana, in which the arms are

stretched forward and the palms are supported, is
especially useful for people who suffer from lower back
pain. It enables a good workout for the back muscles with
only moderate load on the lumbar spine.
Urdhava Mukha Svanasana

In this pose, the arms are used for lifting and opening the
chest. For many people the arms feel too short for this
action. This is where the chair can help.
Variation 1: Hands on the backrest

Place the chair in front of you with the backrest facing
you.
Hold the backrest and move the pelvis forward until

the front groins touch the backrest.
Now, arch the back. Roll the shoulders back and

down. Extend the spine and neck and look up . Move
the tail bone in. Tighten the knees. Lift and open the
chest.
Compared with the classic pose, the load on the arms is
decreased, making it easier to lift the chest and
concentrate on the leg action.
Variation 2: Hands on the seat

Place the chair in front the of you with the seat facing
you. Place the palms on the seat. Move the pelvis
forward until the front groins touch the seat. Arch the
back. Roll the shoulders back and down. Extend the
spine and neck and look up.
To help roll the shoulders back, you can turn the palms
out
The chest should move forward in between the arms. If the

seat is narrower than your chest, place a wooden plank on
the seat and position the palms on its ends. (Put a piece of
sticky mat under the plank to prevent it from sliding)
Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana
When done independently this is an advanced back arch
(LOY, Pl. 516) but with the chair almost everybody can
stay in the pose and enjoy its benefits. Following, are
several ways of using the chair for this purpose.
Variation 1: Legs inserted under the backrest

This is the classic preparation for the actual pose. It
requires a belt and a sticky mat. Most people require some
adjustment of the seat height (using a folded blanket)
and/or heel support (using blocks).
Note: Your pelvis needs to fit through the seat and the
backrest; for this reason, the metal back plate that is
usually part of the original chair must be removed.
To do the pose follow these instructions:

Place the chair with its backrest toward the wall at the
appropriate distance, so that while sitting the heels
will reach the wall. Put a folded sticky mat on the seat
and possibly a folded blanket for cushioning.
Sit with the thighs under the backrest, facing the wall.
Tighten a belt around the upper thighs.
Holding the backrest, lie back on the seat so that the

shoulder blades are aligned with the front edge of the
seat.
Lift and open the chest. Use the arms to activate the
shoulder blades
Stay in this position for a while, then slide further

down toward the floor, until the bottoms of the
shoulder blades just pass the front edge of the seat.
Insert the arms in between the front legs of the chair
and grip the back rung (palms facing up) or the back
legs of the chair (palms facing out).
Straighten the legs and push the feet and heels against
the wall
If you find it hard to straighten the legs, use a block to
raise the heels
After staying in the pose for several minutes, take the

arms out and hold the elbows beyond the head.
Keeping the shoulders rolled back, extend the elbows
and lower them down .
You can then stretch the arms, placing the back of the
hands on the floor .
Gradually, you can slide out of the chair (towards the

head) and work on different latitudes of the back. The feet
will be drawn away from the wall.
If possible, bend the elbows around the front legs of the
chair and place the crown of the head on the floor (or on a
folded blanket). This will bring you closer to the classic
pose .
Staying in the pose, one realizes why B.K.S. Iyengar

writes the following in Light on Yoga: "This exhilarating
pose keeps the spine sound and healthy while the chest
expands fully The pose has a very soothing effect on the
mind, so that the emotionally disturbed find it a great
boon". The pose also gently stimulates the heart and
improves blood circulation.
No wonder the use of the chair in this pose is so common
(in some of Prashant Iyengar's classes in Pune, this pose is
practiced for over an hour).
More Variations of Viparita Dandasana with the chair

The following variations enhance some specific effects of
the same pose:
1. Lifting the pelvis with a belt
A belt can be used to lift the pelvis higher:
Place an un-buckled belt across the chair seat.
Sit on the chair and wrap the belt around your sacral
band.
Take the two ends of the belt, pass them through the
backrest, wrap them around the top bar of the backrest
and cross them, so that the belt end coming from your
left side is held by your right palm and vice versa
Arch the back over the edge of the seat and pull the
edges of the belt to lift the pelvis
This variation is very gentle and can serve as a nice warm

up, especially when back bends were not practiced for a
while for some reason (e.g. after delivery or illness).
It is also possible to loop the belt and tighten it around the

backrest
To intensify the back arch and the stretch, straighten your
legs and stretch them, move the tail bone further in .
The lift of the pelvis can alleviate lower back aches which
some people experience in this pose.
2. Using a rolled mat
A rolled sticky mat can be used to increase the movement
and to alleviate some problems in the pose. Three
alternatives are shown below:
i) Support the sacral-coccyx band.
Place a rolled sticky mat lengthwise, aligned with

the spine under the buttocks
This can alleviate pressure on the lower back. A helper

can gently pull the rolled mat to lengthen the sacral area.
ii) Support the chest.

Place the rolled mat widthwise under the mid-chest
area
iii) Support the lumbar.
Place the rolled mat widthwise under the mid-
lumbar area
This can alleviate pressure in the lumbar region.

3. Placing weight on the thighs
One action you need to do in the pose is to move the front
thighs back and make them heavy while elongating the
back of the legs toward the wall. To demonstrate this
effect, a helper can stand on the practitioner's thighs. This
is very pleasant since the extra weight on the thighs helps
to open the chest (when I teach this pose I find myself
stepping from one student's thighs to another).
Sliding out of the chair
This section is intended for advanced practitioners.
i) Slide toward Chakra Bandhasana (LOY, Pl. 524).
Slide a little further out of the chair until the head

touches the floor (if needed, place a folded blanket
on the floor).
Bend the elbows and grip the front legs of the chair
. If you find it hard to reach the chairs legs, you
can loop a belt around them and hold the belt
instead (not shown).
ii) Slide toward Kapotasana (LOY, Pl. 512).
Bend the knees and place the front ankles or shins

on the back rung of the chair.
Insert the arms in between the front legs of the chair

and grip the ankles , or interlock the arms above
the head
If possible, bend the knees further and place the
metatarsals (top sides of the feet) on the front rung
.
iii) Move into Urdhva Dhanurasana (LOY, Pl. 482).
From Viparita Dandasana, bend the legs and place

the heels on the back legs of the chair.
Place the palms on the floor, as close as possible to

the front legs of the chair.
Lift the trunk up from the seat and move the pubic
area toward the backrest. If possible, lift the chair
with the pubic bone.
iv) Practice Eka Pada Viparita Dandasana (LOY, Pl.
521).
Move out of the chair. Sit on the chair and insert

only one leg under the backrest as shown in Dwi
Pada Viparita Dandasana. (see here.) Place the
other leg over the backrest, folded at the knee.
Use a belt to pull the heel of the lifted leg then

straighten both legs.
First, stretch the lifted leg vertically up , then you

can stretch your hamstrings further by pulling the
lifted leg toward your body
Folding the legs
You can bring the legs to Padmasana (lotus pose) on the
chair. The interlock of Padmasana keeps the legs from
opening.
However, for Baddha Konasana you will need a belt.
Loop the belt around the backrest.
Bend the legs to Baddha Konasana and support the

feet with the belt
Lie on the seat and arch back
Coming out of the pose
The common way of coming out of chair Dwi Pada
Viparita Dandasana is to bend the knees, inhale and then
lift the chest and head to a sitting position. As an
alternative, which I personally find much more suitable try
the following:
Bend the knees and insert the feet under the back rung.
Extend the toes backwards
Slide down from the chair until the knees reach the
floor. Lie back on the seat and hold the elbows
This is supported Kapotasana. It is very relaxing to rest
on the chair in this way, breathing into the open chest.
As you raise the torso from the seat, draw the chairs
backrest with you and bring it over in front of the body
as you sit on the heels. Rest the back against the tilted
seat
You can then twist to the sides, using the legs of the
chair .
Variation 2: Upper body inserted under the backrest
It is possible to practice Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana
on the chair from the opposite side of the chair.
This is especially preferable if you plan to move from
Dwi pada to Eka Pada Viparita Dandasana.

wall, with its seat toward the wall. Put a folded sticky
mat on the seat and possibly a folded blanket for
cushioning.
Loop a belt around the backrest and let it hang.
Sit on the floor with your back to the seat, legs toward
the wall. Lie back on the seat and insert the arms
through the hollow backrest, then the head, and finally,
the chest.
Arch the back and stretch the legs with the feet pushing
against the wall.
Now, to continue into Eka Pada Viparita Dandasan,

bend one leg, loop the prepared belt around its heel
and stretch the leg up against the resistance of the belt
(tighten or loosen the belt as needed). This is
supported Eka Pada Viparita Dandasana I (LOY, Pl.
521)
You can also lift both legs to Viparita Karani.
Clearly, it is easier to raise the leg into the Eka Pada
variation when you enter the chair in this manner, since the
backrest does not get in the way. In addition, the belt is
stretched against the backrest, keeping the leg active,
while enabling you to stretch the arms over the head or to
interlock the fingers around the back of the head (not
shown).
From there, continue toward Eka Pada Viparita
Dandasana II (LOY, Pl. 523).
Bend the lower leg and place the back of the foot
above the front rung. Continue using the belt for the
lifted leg.
Bend the elbows and grip the back legs of the chair
Now, use the belt to perform Dwi Pada Viparita
Baddha Konasana. Adjust the length of the belt so that
the belt supports the feet at seat level
Finally, interlock the legs to Padmasana and hold the
arms at the elbows. This is Dwi Pada Viparita
Padmasana .
To come out of the pose, release the legs interlock and
slide down toward the legs until the knees are on the
floor (if you need, you can prepare a bolster in
advance to support the knees).
Ustrasana
The chair is used here to support the back in order to
increase the chest opening. It also enables to stay longer in
the pose.
Variation 1: Supported by the seat (with 2 bolsters)

Place two bolsters on the seat. Kneel with your back
to the seat and slide the shins and feet beneath it.
Press the shins, arch backwards and rest your back on

the bolsters. If you are tall, the head will be supported
by the backrest ; otherwise, use a rolled blanket to
support the back of the neck. Hold the backrest
To use the wall:
Place the chair with its backrest toward the wall at the
appropriate distance from it.
Extend the arms over the head and push the finger tips
against the wall
Variation 2: Supported by the backrest
Kneel with the back facing the backrest.
Arch back and rest your back on the backrest. The

backrest should support the back just below the
shoulder blades . You can tilt the chair to adjust the
height of the backrest according to your needs
You can also do it facing the wall as in
The wall is used as a reference. Push the pubic bone
against it to ensure the verticality of the thighs, and to help
move the tail bone in.
You can also fold the chair and use it against the wall as
follows:
Fold the chair and place its legs against the wall. The
seat of the chair should face down.
Kneel with your back to the wall in front of the chair.

Place the backrest against the back. The backrest
should lean against the sacral girdle or the top
lumbar area .
Unfold the chair slightly and insert the arms between
the backrest and the seat.
Arch back into the pose and place the palms on the
soles of the feet, as in the classic pose (LOY, Pl. 41).
The placement of the chair against the wall keeps it stable
and creates an excellent fulcrum for the back bending
action.
Variation 3: Kneeling facing the chair

Kneel facing the chair, so that the pelvic area is
pressed firmly against the front edge of the seat.
Hold the seat and start curving the back
Keep pushing the pelvis (or front groins if you are tall)
against the seat and move the arms behind your back.
Place the palms on the soles of the feet as in the
classic pose
Urdhva Dhanurasana
Urdva Dhanurasana (LOY, Pl. 482) is a challenge for
many students. The chair can be used in a variety of ways
to lift the body into the back arch, and stay there more
comfortably. The following variations serve to:
Prepare for the pose and facilitate entering into it
Support the pose for a longer period
Alter the geometry of the pose, to achieve different effects.
Variation 1: Preparation, lying on a bolster

Place the chair with its side facing the wall, about 75
cm (30 inches) from the wall. Put a bolster widthwise
on the seat (parallel to the backrest).
Lie on the bolster with your head toward the wall. The
bolster should support the back and buttocks.
Keep the knees bent and stretch the arms over the head
to touch the wall with the palms or finger tips
Once you get accustomed to the back arch, straighten
the legs one by one, extend them, and push the floor
with the heels
In case you need a wider support for the back, use two
chairs. Position the chairs one against the other and place
two or three bolsters on theirs seats.
This preparatory variation opens the chest and helps to
create movement in the shoulders. It is a good warm-up
for the actual pose. People who are not ready to do the
independent pose will find this variation a refreshing
substitute.
Variation 2: Using the chair to enter the pose
Place the chair with its back against the wall. Place a
bolster in front of the chair.
Sit on the bolster then lean back on the front edge of

the seat
Lift yourself, lie back on the seat and hold the backrest
Now, lift further and place the top of the head on the
seat
Then, move the hands to the wall and push the wall to
lift up. Straighten the arms and use the support of the
wall to stay in this arched pose .
To come down, bend the arms and knees and lower
yourself down to the chair. Then, sit on the bolster in
front of the chair.
Using the chair in this way, it is quite easy to enter the

pose. We asked the photographer (a beginner student) to
do it, and he lifted himself up into the pose with no
difficulty.
Another way to lift up into Urdhva Dhanurasana, using an
inverted chair, is shown in the following photos:
Variation 3: Back supported on the chair
This is yet another easy way to enter the pose and stay in it
comfortably.
Place the chair with its back facing the wall, at a

distance of about 1 meter (3.5 feet) from the wall. Sit
on the chair and place a bolster or two between your
back and the backrest
Arch back then lift yourself up. Stretch the arms over
the head to reach the wall.
Stay with your back supported by the backrest and the

bolsters while pushing the wall with the hands
In the beginning, it is safer to have somebody hold the
chair to prevent it from tilting back; however, advanced
practitioners can easily do this variation on their own,
without bolsters.
Place the chair with its back facing the wall at a
distance of about 1 meter (3.5 feet) from the wall. Sit
on the chair and place a folded sticky mat on the
backrest.
Place the heels on the front legs of the chair. This will
prevent the chair from tilting.
Lift yourself up from the chair while arching

backwards; use the top of the backrest as a support for
the mid-back area. Stretch the arms over the head and
reach the wall
Now, arch further and move the palms down the wall,
one after the other
This variation increases the flexibility of the upper back
and shoulders, enabling a deeper arching of the upper
body.
Variation 4: Pelvis supported on the chair

Place the chair with its back facing the wall, at a
distance of about 1 meter (3.5 feet) from the wall.
Place a folded sticky mat on the backrest and a bolster
on the seat.
Stand in between the chair and the wall, facing the

wall.
Place the sacral area on the backrest, taking the tail
bone deep in. If needed, lift the heels or place the
feet on blocks.
Arch back over the backrest and place the head on the
bolster. If you are tall, you may not need the bolster on
the seat.
If possible, extend the arms and hold the front legs of

the chair
A helper can assist in stretching the arms and increasing
the arch.
The helper places one foot on the seat. After arching
back, the practitioner grasps the helpers leg. The
helper gently pulls the practitioner arms while turning
the triceps muscles inward toward his/her face.
This variation increases the flexibility of the lower back

and helps to keep the tail bone and sacrum well lifted.
Note: the sticky mat may be replaced by a bolster if more
height is required for supporting the back
Variation 5: Catching the legs of the chair
This is the first variation in which you attempt to enter the
pose from the floor.
Place the chair with its seat facing the wall.
Lie on your back, head close to the chair, and grip its
back legs. Push the chair a little toward the wall. The
chair will slide and fold slightly until being stopped
by the wall
Lift yourself and place the crown of the head on the
floor. Now, press the arms and head to tuck in the
shoulder blades and arch the upper back.
Pushing the hands against the chair legs, move the
body away from it and straighten the arms. Turn the
upper arms from outside in (triceps muscles rolling
toward the face) and make sure the elbows are kept
absolutely straight.
Now, walk the feet slightly in and, without bending the

elbows, move the chest closer to the wall.
Holding the chair provides anchoring for the hands. It also

provides a raised support for the palms and keeps them
turned in, both of which help the lifting and the turning of
the arms.
If you find it difficult to lift from the floor, you can lie
with the back on a bolster.
This variation can also be done with the back of the chair
facing the wall; however, you should be careful to push the
legs of the chair strongly downward in order to prevent
the chair from sliding and folding against the wall.
Place the chair with its back facing the wall.
Hold the front legs of the chair and push DOWN to lift
yourself up. Place the crown of the head on the floor.
Lift your shoulder blades
Lift further to place the back of the head on the seat.
Lower the palms toward the floor, grasp the legs of the
chair , or place the palms on the floor
After holding the pose for a few minutes, move the
palms to the seat and push to straighten the elbows .
Placing the head on the seat as in and has a special
effect on the opening of the chest.
Once you place the palms on the seat and straighten the
arms, as in , the geometry of the pose changes. The load
on the arms is reduced significantly, enabling you to lift
the chest and stay in the pose with less effort.
Variation 6: Feet on the chair

This variation changes the geometry of the pose in a
different way.
Place the chair next to the wall, with its back facing
the wall. Place a sticky mat on the seat.
Lie on the floor, your legs close to the chair, and place
the feet on the seat.
Push yourself up and place the crown of the head on

the floor
Inhale, then exhale and push further to straighten the

arms
If stable, you can lift one leg and approach Eka Pada
Urdhva Dhanurasana (LOY, Pl. 501)
Lifting yourself up with the feet raised on the seat is quite
straining for the arms, but once you are up, it is easier to
keep the elbows straight, to move the shoulder blades in,
and to open the chest.
Because of the high support of the feet, the pelvis (pubic
bone) is horizontal, so there is absolutely no tension in the
lower abdomen. It remains soft and relaxed; hence,
women who practice Urdhva Dhanurasana regularly can
stay in this variation during (normal) pregnancy, or even
after a cesarean delivery (only after recovering from the
operation, of course).
However, pushing into the pose in these conditions is
not appropriate, thus the presence of a helper is required
to help you get into and out of the pose .
Urdhva Dhanurasana II
Plates 483 to 486 in LOY show how to arch back from
Tadasana to Urdhava Danurasana; BKS Iyengar writes
there: "while learning the pose this way it is helpful to use
a friend or a wall." However, the chair can also be used in
the following way:
Stand with your legs apart at pelvis-width in front of
the back of the chair. Hold the backrest.
Lift your chest and start arching back. Push the chair to
lift the chest and to move your shoulder blades into the
body
Use the support of the chair to arch further while
maintaining the lift of the chest
If possible, bend the knees slightly and place the
palms on the seat
Dropping to Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana
Advanced practitioners enter this pose by dropping back
from Sirsasana (LOY, Pl. 517-520). This requires
balance, control, and flexibility. When learning, the chair
can be used as an intermediate landing for the feet.
As a preparation, you may want to open the shoulders. You
can do it in the following way:
Hold a block to maintain the palms at shoulder width.
Kneel near the chair and place the elbows on the

backrest.
Create movement in the shoulders by moving the

sternum bone away from the arms. Avoid pushing the
sternum toward the floor.
Now, to drop into the pose:
Perform Sirsasana at the appropriate distance from
the chair, with your back facing the seat.
Bend the knees and point the feet to the chair

Keep lifting the shoulders and tucking the shoulder
blades in while arching back.
Arch further back, until the feet land on the seat . Lift
the shoulder blades way up.
In the learning process, fear may arise out of concern of
missing the chair. A helper can secure the landing and
correct the positioning of the chair if needed .
Vrschikasana I
This is an advanced pose (LOY, Pl. 536-7); the chair can
help you to work towards it. Dropping into the pose is
similar to that of Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana (see
here), but here you start from Pincha Mayurasana rather
than from Sirsasana.
Hold the legs of the chair and go up to Pincha
Mayurasana.
Bend the knees and point the feet toward the chair.
Keep lifting the shoulders and pushing the shoulder

blades in while arching back.
Arch further back, until the feet land on the backrest

Then lower the feet down to the seat. Keep pushing the
chest forward and walk the feet toward your back
Eka Pada Rajakapotasana I
The chair can help you work toward this advanced pose
(LOY, Pl. 542) in two ways:

To work with the left leg in front:

wall, with its seat facing the wall.
Bend the left leg and place it under the chair (you can
support the left buttock with a folded blanket).
Bend the right leg and place the front shin and foot
against the wall.
Place the forearms on the seat and push to lift the chest
and arch back.
Variation 2: Chair at the back
To work with the left leg in front:
Place the chair with its back against the wall. Put a
folded mat on the seat and a weight on it (the weight
prevents the chair from tilting). Tighten a belt around
the backrest.
Bend the left leg and put it on the floor in front. Bend
the right leg and place the front ankle against the seat.
Grip the belt and pull it while lifting the chest and
arching back toward the chair
You may experience difficulty because of the instability of
the chair. A helper can sit on the chair to stabilize it and
help with your arching by pulling the arms gently.
In , the helper uses his right foot to broaden and lower

the right side of the practitioners pelvis, and uses his left
knee to support the practitioners upper back.
Note: This variation is for advanced practitioners only.
The helper should be an experienced Yoga teacher.
Natarajasana
The chair can help you work toward this advanced and
elegant pose (LOY, Pl. 590).
To use the chair to support the right knee:
Place the chair at the appropriate distance behind you,
with its back facing you. Put a 10 kg (22 pounds)
weight on the seat to prevent the chair from tilting.
Loop a belt around your right foot and, while bending

slightly forward, use it for lifting the leg up and
placing the right knee on the backrest.
With a circular movement, lift the right elbow up. Pull

the right foot further up, then lift the chest and arch
back.
Now, grip the belt with the left hand too , or stretch
the left arm diagonally up.
The support for the back knee should be as high as your
pelvis; hence, tall people may need to place folded
blankets on the backrest to raise the support
If you find it hard to keep your balance, stand in front of
the wall, and place the left hand on the wall for stability
. Alternatively, a helper can sit on the chair and catch your
arms .
Purvottanasana
The challenge of this pose (LOY, Pl. 171) is to lift both the
pelvis and the chest. Lying back on the seat of the chair
supports both thus enabling you to stay longer in the pose
while fully extending the front of the body.
If the palms do not reach the floor, use blocks (not shown).
Chapter 7: Abdominal Udara
Akunchana Sthiti
Paripurna Navasana
For most people, entering this pose and maintaining it for
more than a few seconds is a challenge. Using chairs, you
can build up strength and stamina and prepare yourself for
the classic pose. Two variations are presented below.
Variation 1: Calves on the chair

Sit on the floor in front of the chair.
Place the mid-calf muscles on the front edge of the

seat. Hold the seat and pull it against the legs. This
will help you open the chest lift the sacrum away from
the floor and concave the back
Now, release the seat and stretch the arms forward,
parallel to the floor. Maintain the concavity of your
back while stretching the arms and legs
Variation 2: In between two chairs
Place two chairs facing each other at the appropriate
distance.
Sit on one chair and place the mid-calves on the other

one.
Move the pelvis slightly forward and lower it while

pushing the palms against the seat
Slowly descend until the buttocks rest on the floor.
Hold the legs of the chair you are leaning on. Move the
shoulders back and concave the back
Now stretch the arms forward parallel to the floor
In this variation, the pose is fully supported by the chairs,

enabling you to extend its duration. When you feel ready,
try to lift the legs off the chair for a few seconds.
Urdhva Prasarita Padasana
For people with short hamstrings, holding the legs
perpendicular to the floor is difficult. They either lower
the legs towards the floor or lift the sacral band. Using the
chair it is possible to support the sacral band and
gradually lengthen the hamstrings until a 900 angle can be
achieved.
Legs against the chair

Lie on your back next to the chair.
Lift your legs up and move the chair so that its back
supports the back of your legs. Hold the legs of the
chair to stabilize the lower back.
Lift the buttocks and place the sacrum on the back rung
of the chair. Maintain the pose
After a while, you can slide down until the sacral band
rests on the floor. Continue to support your legs
vertically on the chair . Gradually, try to pull the legs
away from the chair to increase the engagement of
your abdominal muscles.
You may also start by placing the back of the knees on the
backrest. Place a blanket to make the backrest thicker and
release the shins over it. This is very relaxing; it creates
space in the knees and lengthens the ligaments. If you have
pain in the ligaments of the knees, this variation may be
very helpful in relieving it over time.
Uttana Padasana
In the classic pose (LOY, Pl. 292), the back is arched and
the crown of the head rests on the floor; however, to
prepare yourself, you can practice it while lying on two
chairs as explained below.
Place two chairs facing and touching each other. Place

a folded sticky mat on the seats and lay your back on
it.
Place yourself so that the mid-sacrum is aligned with

the rear edge of one seat.
Hold the backrest of that same chair and lift the legs
up 45o. Stretch the legs and keep them tight and joined
. If this is difficult, slide slightly toward the head
side, so that the entire sacrum will be supported by the
chair.
Raise the arms, join the palms and keep the arms
parallel to the legs
If lifting the arms is difficult, you can practice the first
stage until you develop sufficient strength in the
abdominal muscles.
Chapter 8: Restorative Visranta
Karaka Sthiti
Supta Virasana
This pose can be practiced actively (LOY, Pl. 96), or with
support. When done with support, this is one of the best
asanas for deep relaxation and restoration. It also
stretches and massages the front thighs and improves the
flexibility and health of the knees. For some people a
bolster is not sufficient and they need higher support in
order to stay comfortably in the pose. An inverted chair
provides such support, thus enabling almost everyone to
enjoy the pose.
Invert the chair and place a bolster on its horizontal
rungs (which now face upward). Place a folded
blanket or two in front of the chair.
Sit in Virasana on the blankets then recline the trunk

back to lie on the bolster. Place a folded blanket under
the head and neck.
Hold the elbows above the head and stay in the pose.
Salamba Purvottanasana
This is a restorative variation of Purvottanasana (LOY,
Pl. 171) (Salamba means with support).
Place the chair with its backrest about 1 meter (3.5
feet) away from the wall. Place a second chair
opposite the first one to create a platform. Spread a
sticky mat across the two seats and then two bolsters
on top. Slide the top bolster slightly further away from
the wall to create a step for the lower back. Insert a
block under the head side of the top bolster and
prepare a folded blanket as a head rest.
Pass the legs under the backrest and sit on the lower
bolster. Stretch the legs and push the feet against the
wall.
The buttock bones should rest on the bottom bolster,

while the upper buttock area should be supported by
the top bolster.
Lie back on the bolsters. Rest the head and back of the
neck on the folded blanket. Hold the elbows above the
head or spread the arms sideways
Setu Bandha Sarvangasana
Place the chair with its backrest at the appropriate
distance from the wall and place a sticky mat on its
seat. Place a block next to the wall.
Place two bolsters on the floor in front of the chair and

prepare an additional blanket or two near the seat.
Insert the legs under the backrest. Tighten a belt

around the upper thighs. Stretch the legs and place the
heels on the block and the soles of the feet against the
wall.
Lie on the seat and arch back. Rest the shoulders, back
of the neck, and back of the head on the support. Using
the blankets, adjust the height of the head support as
needed for comfort.
Salamba Viparita Karani
Viparita Karani is a very effective restorative pose. In
this variation there is further relaxation of the abdominal
organs.
Place two bolsters, one on top of the other, in front of
the chair. (if needed, place a rolled blanket between
the bolsters and the chair in order to maintain a
narrow gap, not shown).
Raise the level of the seat using foam blocks and

blankets. The height of the seat should enable your
shins to rest horizontally when lying with your
buttocks on the bolsters.
Prepare a folded blanket for head and shoulder

support.
Sit on the bolsters with your side to the chair and roll
into the pose. The back of the pelvis and the lumbar
should lie comfortably on the bolsters and the buttock
bones should extend slightly beyond the edge of the
bolsters. The upper legs should be perpendicular and
the lower legs horizontal.
There should be no load on the shoulders; rather, the
chest should be well lifted. The energy of the body
should move from the shoulders to the lower abdomen
and from the legs to the lower abdomen.
Relax the abdomen completely, and stay in the pose

quietly for a few minutes.
Savasana
Two ways of using the chair in Savasana are presented.
Variation 1: Shins on the chair

Place the chair at one end of the mat. Lie down into
Savasana with the shins resting on the seat.
The lift of the legs creates length in the lower back, which
becomes flat and relaxed. This alleviates lower back pain
created by jamming in this area. It also softens and relaxes
the abdominal organs.
Variation 2: Head supported

Tie a belt around the seat of the chair and let it hang
near the floor. Place the chair near one end of the mat
with its side to the mat.
Lie on your back, head under the chair.
Insert the head through the loose belt and rest the back
of the head on it. Adjust the length of the loop so that
the head is slightly raised from the floor and the back
of the neck is elongated.
The support for the head induces a relaxed, floating
sensation. The back of the neck is elongated and there is a
feeling of openness in the inner ears. This variation helps
to alleviate dizziness.
Final Words
Yoga is for all. Nobody should be denied the opportunity

to experience its benevolence. It is this thought that
impelled me to think of all these props this is how BKS
Iyengar describes his motivation for developing the props.
Mr. Iyengar has created numerous props for the benefit of

ones Yoga practice in the course of his many years of
Sadhana. Some are his original design, others adapted
from household objects, such as the chair.
It is indeed fascinating to discover the variety of uses that

a simple furniture can provide. However, I once again
wish to stress that props are only an aid for learning the
physical and mental effects that asana practice can bring
about. In addition, while the variations presented in this
guide can give you hours of joyful and interesting practice,
they are by no means exhaustive. Feel free to explore and
invent other ways of using the chair in your own Yoga
practice.
I hope that you will enjoy this process as much as I have!

Eyal Shifroni,
March, 2013
Appendix: A chair for all a gentle
practice sequence
The presentation in this guide is arranged by families of

asanas. However, the full effect of Yoga practice is very
much affected by the specific sequence followed in a
particular session. Such sequencing must be chosen
according to the purpose and intention of the session.
This appendix presents an example of such a sequence
using the chair. This particular sequence is intended as a
recreational practice for everyone. You can practice it, or
parts of it, at all times and almost anywhere, even at your
work desk. This sequence is also adequate for elderly
people and for those suffering from movement limitations.
1. Tadasana on chair Push the seat to lift
2. Tadasana on chair Pull the chairs legs

3. Tadasana on chair Pull the backrest
4. Urdhva Baddhaguliyasana on chair

5. Paschima Baddhaguliyasana bend forward
6. Garudasana on chair
7. Utkatasana on chair
8. Kurmasana stage 1
9. Kurmasana stage 2
10. Paschimottanasana
11. Padmasana preparation stage 1

12. Padmasana preparation stage 2
13. Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana arms above head
14. Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana arms under chair

15. Pavana Muktasana
16. Parsva Pavana Muktasana
17. Pasasna
18. Maricyasana III
19. Maricyasana III back view

20. Parsva Upavistha Konasana
21. Bharadvajasana I block between legs

22. Bharadvajasana I Block between pelvis and chair
23. Salamba Sarvangasana

24. Baddha Konasana in Sarvangasana
25. Setu Bandha Sarvangasana

26. Savasana

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Table of Contents

Based on the teachings of

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

Copyright 2013 by Eyal Shifroni

All rights reserved 2013

Acknowledgments and Gratitude

The first edition of this book was received very well by

The source of all the knowledge presented in this guide is

My initial interest in writing this guide was kindled during

The writings of this guide have been a joint-project of all

Thanks to Anat Scher for her willingness to model for

And, last but not least, I want to thank my wife, Hagit.

Photography: Ram Amit

This guide is a modest attempt to present how a chair can

We hope that this presentation will help practitioners,

The Use of Props

Perform asanas which are difficult to perform

Stay longer and relax in challenging asanas, in order

Study and investigate the asanas in greater depth.

What Type of Chairs Should be Used?

Enjoy your practice!

Variation 1: Chair behind

Stand in Tadasana and place the fingers on top of the

Use the support of the hands to extend the spine and

Use the backrest as a gauge for the vertical alignment.

The support of the chair, gentle as it is, helps to align and

Variation 3 can also be used in Urdhva

Variation 1: Raising the palms

Stage 1: Palms on seat

Stage 2: Palms on rung

Open the palms and spread the fingers apart

Stage 3: Palms on floor

Place the chair's legs between the index and thumb of

Spread the fingers well while pushing against the chair

Step back into the pose.

Pushing the palms against a slanted surface helps to lift the

ii. Feet support

More on the use of the inverted chair will be presented

Variation 1: Outer wrists on the backrest

Variation 2: Chin on the backrest

Variation 3: Resting the forehead on the bolster

Bend forward and use the support of the backrest to

Variation 1: Head resting on the seat

Variation 3: Front groins against the backrest

Bend forward, hold the legs of the chair, make the

Use the arms to pull and increase the stretch.

Variation 1: Chair behind

If possible, go further down and grip the leg of the

A helper can give traction to the spine and neck .

Turn the left leg out.

Variation 3: Foot on the inverted chair

Variation 4: Foot on the seat

Variation 1: Resting the buttock on the seat

Keep the left leg well stretched.

Gripping the chair from behind helps to roll the upper

When doing the pose on the right (as in ), the chair

Variation 1: To use the chair on the right side:

A side view of the pose done on the left is shown in