Republic of the Philippines

Congress of the Philippines

Metro Manila

Sixteenth Congress
Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-seventh day of July, two
thousand fifteen.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in

Congress assembled:

Title I
Preliminary Provisions

CHAPTER 1
SHORT TITLE

Section 100. Short Title. This Act shall be known as the Customs
Modernization and Tariff Act (GMTA).

CHAPTER 2
GENERAL AND COMMON PROVISIONS

Section 101. Declaration of Policy. It is hereby declared the policy of the State
to protect and enhance government revenue, institute fair and transparent
customs and tariff management that will efficiently facilitate international trade,
prevent and curtail any form of customs fraud and illegal acts, and modernize
customs and tariff administration. Towards this end, the State shall:

(a) Develop and implement programs for the continuous enhancement of

customs systems and processes that will harmonize customs procedures;

(b) Adopt clear and transparent customs rules, regulations, policies and
procedures, consistent with international standards and customs best practices;

(c) Establish a regime of transparency of and accessibility to customs information,

customs laws, rules, regulations, administrative policies, procedures and
practices, in order to ensure informed and diligent compliance with customs
practices and procedures by stakeholders;

(d) Consult, coordinate and cooperate with other government agencies and the
private sector in implementing and developing customs policy;

(e) Provide a fair and expeditious administrative and judicial appellate remedy for
customs related grievances and matters;

(f) Employ modern practices in customs administration and utilize information

and communications technology in the implementation of custom

s functions; and

(g) Institute professionalism and meritocracy in customs tax administration by

attracting and retaining competent and capable customs officers and personnel
to enforce the provisions of this Act.

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Section 102. Definition of Terms. As used in this Act:

(a) Abatement refers to the reduction or diminution, in whole or in part, of duties

and taxes where payment has not been made;

(b) Actual or Outright Exportation refers to the customs procedure applicable to

goods which, being in free circulation, leave the Philippine territory and are
intended to remain permanently outside it;

(c) Admission refers to the act of bringing imported goods directly or through
transit into a free zone;

(d) Airway Bill (AWB) refers to a transport document for airfreight used by airlines
and international freight forwarders which specify the holder or consignee of the
bill who has the right to claim delivery of the goods when they arrive at the port of
destination. It is a contract of carriage that includes carrier conditions, such as
limits of liability and claims procedures. In addition, it contains transport
instructions to airlines and carriers, a description of the goods, and applicable
transportation charges;

(e) Appeal refers to the remedy by which a person who is aggrieved or adversely
affected by any action, decision, order, or omission of the Bureau, seeks redress
before the Bureau, the Secretary of Finance, or competent court, as the case
may be;

(f) Assessment refers to the process of determining the amount of duties and
taxes and other charges due on imported and exported goods;

(g) Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) refers to the importer, exporter,

customs broker, forwarder, freight forwarder, transport provider, and any other
entity duly accredited by the Bureau based on the World Customs Organization
(WCO) Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade, the
Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC), the WCO Supply Chain Management
Guidelines and the various national best practices to promote trade facilitation
and to provide a seamless movement of goods across borders through secure
international trade supply chains with the use of risk management and modern
technology;

(h) Bill of Lading (B/L) refers to a transport document issued by shipping lines,
carriers and international freight forwarders or non-vessel operating common
carrier for water-borne freight. The holder or consignee of the bill has the right to
claim delivery of the goods at the port of destination. It is a contract of carriage
that includes carrier conditions, such as limits of liability and claims procedures.
In addition, it contains transport instructions to shipping lines and carriers, a
description of the goods, and applicable transportation charges;

(i) Bureau refers to the Bureau of Customs;

(j) Carrier refers to the person, actually transporting goods or in charge of or

responsible for the operation of the means of transport such as airlines, shipping
lines, freight forwarders, cargo consolidators, non-vessel operating common
carriers and other international transport operators;

(k) Clearance refers to the completion of customs and other government

formalities necessary to allow goods to enter for consumption, warehousing,

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transit or transshipment, or to be exported or placed under another customs
procedure;

(l) Commission refers to the Tariff Commission;

(m) Conditional Importation refers to the customs procedure known under the
RKC as temporary admission in which certain goods can be brought into a
customs territory conditionally relieved, totally or partially, from payment of import
duties and taxes; such goods must be imported for a specific purpose and must
be intended for reexportation within a specified period and without having
undergone any substantial change except due to normal depreciation;

(n) Customs Broker refers to any person who is a bona fide holder of a valid
Certificate of Registration/Professional Identification Card issued by the
Professional Regulatory Board and Professional Regulation Commission
pursuant to Republic Act No. 9280, as amended, otherwise known as the
Customs Brokers Act of 2004;

(o) Customs Office refers to any customs administrative unit that is competent
and authorized to perform all or any of the functions enumerated under customs
and tariff laws;

() Customs Officer, as distinguished from a clerk or employee, refers to a

person whose duty, not being clerical or manual in nature, involves the exercise
of discretion in performing the function of the Bureau. It may also refer to an
employee authorized to perform a specific function of the Bureau as provided in
this Act;

(q) Customs Territory refers to areas in the Philippines where customs and tariff
laws may be enforced;

(r) Entry refers to the act, documentation and process of bringing imported goods
into the customs territory, including goods coming from free zones;

(s) Exportation refers to the act, documentation, and process of bringing goods
out of Philippine territory;

(t) Export Declaration refers to a statement made in the manner prescribed by

the Bureau and other appropriate agencies, by which the persons concerned
indicate the procedure to be observed for taking out or causing to be taken out
any exported goods and the particulars of which the customs administration shall
require;

(u) Flexible Clause refer to the power of the President upon recommendation of
the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA): (1) to increase,
reduce or remove existing protective tariff rates of import duty, but in no case
shall be higher than one hundred percent (100%) ad valorem; (2) to establish
import quota or to ban importation of any commodity as may be necessary; and
(3) to impose additional duty on all import not exceeding ten percent (10%) ad
valorem, whenever necessary;

(v) Foreign Exporter refers to one whose name appears on documentation

attesting to the export of the product to the Philippines regardless of the
manufacturer's name in the invoice;

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(w) Free Zone refers to special economic zones registered with the Philippine
Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) under Republic Act No. 7916, as amended,
duly chartered or legislated special economic zones and freeports such as Clark
Freeport Zone; Poro Point Freeport Zone; John Hay Special Economic Zone and
Subic Bay Freeport Zone under Republic Act No. 7227, as amended by Republic
Act No. 9400; the Aurora Special Economic Zone under Republic Act No, 9490,
as amended; the Cagayan Special Economic Zone and Freeport under Republic
Act No. 7922; the Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone under Republic Act
No. 7903; the Freeport Area of Bataan under Republic Act No. 9728; and such
other freeports as established or may be created by law;

(x) Goods refer to articles, wares, merchandise and any other items which are
subject of importation or exportation;

(y) Goods Declaration refers to a statement made in the manner prescribed by

the Bureau and other appropriate agencies, by which the persons concerned
indicate the procedure to be observed in the application for the entry or
admission of imported goods and the particulars of which the customs
administration shall require;

(z) Importation refers to the act of bringing in of goods from a foreign territory into
Philippine territory, whether for consumption, warehousing, or admission as
defined in this Act;

(aa) Freight Forwarder refers to a local entity that acts as a cargo intermediary
and facilitates transport of goods on behalf of its client without assuming the role
of a carrier, which can also perform other forwarding services, such as booking
cargo space, negotiating freight rates, preparing documents, advancing freight
payments, providing packing/crating, trucking and warehousing, engaging as an
agent/representative of a foreign non-vessel operating as a common
carrier/cargo consolidator named in a master bill of lading as consignee of a
consolidated shipment, and other related undertakings;

(bb) International Freight Forwarder refers to persons responsible for the

assembly and consolidation of shipments into single lot, and assuming, in most
cases, the full responsibility for the international transport of such shipment from
point of receipt to the point of destination;

(cc) Jurisdictional Control refers to the power and rights of the Bureau in
exercising supervision and police authority over all seas within the jurisdiction of
the Philippine territory and over all coasts, ports, airports, harbors, bays, rivers
and inland waters whether navigable or not from the sea;

(dd) Lodgement refers to the registration of a goods declaration with the Bureau;

(ee) Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) refers to an entity, which

may or may not own or operate a vessel that provides a point-to-point service
which may include several modes of transport and/or undertakes group age of
less container load (LCL) shipments and issues the corresponding transport
document;

(ff) Outright Smuggling refers to an act of importing goods into the country
without complete customs prescribed importation documents, or without being
cleared by customs or other regulatory government agencies, for the purpose of
evading payment of prescribed taxes, duties and other government charges;

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(gg) Perishable Good refers to goods liable to perish or goods that depreciate
greatly in value while stored or which cannot be kept without great
disproportionate expense, which may be proceeded to, advertised and sold at
auction upon notice if deemed reasonable;

(hh) Port of Entry refers to a domestic port open to both domestic and
international trade, including principal ports of entry and subports of entry. A
principal port of entry is the chief port of entry of the Customs District wherein it is
situated and is the permanent station of the District Collector of such port.
Subports of entry are under the administrative jurisdiction of the District Collector
of the principal port of entry of the Customs District. Port of entry as used in this
Act shall include airport of entry;

(ii) Port of Discharge, also called Port of Unloading, refers to a place where a
vessel, ship, aircraft or train unloads its shipments, from where they will be
dispatched to their respective consignees;

(jj) Reexportation means exportation of goods which have been imported;

(kk) Release of Goods refers to the action by the Bureau to permit goods
undergoing clearance to be placed at the disposal of the party concerned;

(ll) Refund refers to the return, in whole or in part, of duties and taxes paid on
goods;

(mm) Security refers to any form of guaranty, such as a surety bond, cash bond,
standby letter of credit or irrevocable letter of credit, which ensures the
satisfaction of an obligation to the Bureau;

(nn) Smuggling refers to the fraudulent act of importing any goods into the
Philippines, or the act of assisting in receiving, concealing, buying, selling,
disposing or transporting such goods, with full knowledge that the same has
been fraudulently imported, or the fraudulent exportation of goods. Goods
referred to under this definition shall be known as smuggled goods;

(oo) Taxes refer to all taxes, fees and charges imposed under this Act and the
National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) of 1997, as amended, and collected by
the Bureau;

(pp) Technical Smuggling refers to the act of importing goods into the country by
means of fraudulent, falsified or erroneous declaration of the goods to its nature,
land, quality, quantity or weight, for the purpose of reducing or avoiding payment
of prescribed taxes, duties and other charges;

(qq) Tentative Release refers to a case where the assessment is disputed and
pending review, an importer may put up a cash bond equivalent to the duties and
taxes due on goods before the importer can obtain the release of said goods;

(rr) Transit refers to the customs procedure under which goods, in its original
form, are transported under customs control from one customs office to another,
or to a free zone;

(ss) Transshipment refers to the customs procedure under which goods are
transferred under customs control from the importing means of transport to the
exporting means of transport within the area of one customs office, which is the
office of both importation and exportation;

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(tt) Traveler refers to any person who temporarily enters the territory of a country
in which he or she does not normally resides (non-resident), or who leaves that
territory, and any person who leaves the territory of a country in which he or she
normally resides (departing resident) or who returns to that territory (returning
resident); and

(uu) Third Party refers to any person who deals directly with the Bureau, for and
on behalf of another person, relating to the importation, exportation, movement or
storage of goods.

Section 103. When Importation Begins and Deemed Terminated. Importation

begins when the carrying vessel or aircraft enters the Philippine territory with the
intention to unload therein. Importation is deemed terminated when:

(a) The duties, taxes and other charges due upon the goods have been paid or
secured to be paid at the port of entry unless the goods are free from duties,
taxes and other charges and legal permit for withdrawal has been granted; or

(b) In case the goods are deemed free of duties, taxes and other charges, the
goods have legally left the jurisdiction of the Bureau.

Section 104. When Duty and Tax are Due on Imported Goods. Except as
otherwise provided for in this Act or in other laws, all goods, when imported into
the Philippines, shall be subject to duty upon importation, including goods
previously exported from the Philippines.

Unpaid duties, taxes and other charges, shall incur legal interest of twenty
percent (20%) per annum computed from the date of final assessment under
Section 429 of this Act, when payment becomes due and demandable. The legal
interest shall likewise accrue on any fine or penalty imposed.

Upon payment of the duties, taxes and other charges, the Bureau shall issue the
necessary receipt or document as proof of such payment.

Section 105. Effective Date of Rate of Import Duty. Imported goods shall be
subject to the import duty rates under the applicable tariff heading that are
effective at the date of importation or upon withdrawal from the warehouse for
consumption. In case of withdrawal from free zones for introduction to the
customs territory, the duty rate at the time of withdrawal shall be applicable on
the goods originally admitted, whether withdrawn in its original or advanced form.

In case of goods sold at customs public auction, the duty rates at the date of the
auction shall apply for purposes of implementing Section 1143(a) of this Act.

Section 106. Declarant. A declarant may be a consignee or a person who has

the right to dispose of the goods. The declarant shall lodge a goods declaration
with the Bureau and may be:

(a) The importer, being the holder of the bill of lading; or

(b) The exporter, being the owner of the goods to be shipped out; or

(c) A customs broker acting under the authority of the importer or from a holder of
the bill; or

(d) A person duly empowered to act as agent or attorney-in-fact for each holder.

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In case the consignee or the person who has the right to dispose of the goods is
a juridical person, it may authorize a responsible officer of the company to sign
the goods declaration as declarant on its behalf.

The goods declaration submitted to the Bureau shall be processed by the

declarant or by a licensed customs broker; Provided, That for importations, a
transition period of two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act is hereby provided
during which subparagraph (d) of this section shall not be implemented by the
Bureau: Provided, Further, That after two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act,
subparagraph (d) of this section shall take into effect consistent with international
standards and customs best practices.

Section 107. Rights and Responsibilities of the Declarant. The declarant shall
be responsible for the accuracy of the goods declaration and for the payment of
all duties, taxes and other charges due on the imported goods. The licensed
customs broker shall likewise be responsible for the accuracy of the goods
declaration but shall not be responsible for the payment of duties, taxes and
other charges due on the imported goods.

The declarant shall sign the goods declaration, even when assisted by a licensed
customs broker, who shall likewise sign the goods declaration.

Section 108. Penalties for Errors in Goods Declaration. The Bureau shall not
impose substantial penalties for errors when such errors are inadvertent and
there was no fraudulent intent or gross negligence in the commission
thereof: Provided, That in order to discourage repetition of such errors, a penalty
may be imposed hut shall not be excessive.

Section 109. Application of Information and Communications Technology. In

accordance with international standards, the Bureau shall utilize information and
communications technology to enhance customs control and to support a cost-
effective and efficient customs operations geared towards a paperless customs
environment.

The Bureau shall communicate, exchange and process trade- and logistics-
related information in the national and regional level for the efficient and prompt
clearance of goods and commodities in a technology-neutral and secured
infrastructure for business, industries, and government.

The security of data and communication shall be in a manner that is consistent

with applicable local and internationally accepted standards on information
security.

The Bureau shall likewise include as part of its systems and processes, a
disaster preparedness and recovery plan to ensure business continuity by
maintaining its uptime goal for its electronic and online services.

For purposes of customs procedures, electronic documents, permits, licenses or

certificates shall be acceptable and shall have the legal effect, validity or
enforceability as any other document or legal writing: Provided, That when the
prescribed requirements are duly complied with, the Bureau shall:

(a) Recognize the authenticity and reliability of electronic documents;

(b) Transmit approval in the form of electronic data messages or electronic

documents; and

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(c) Require and/or accept payments and issue receipts acknowledging such
payments through systems using electronic data messages or electronic
documents.

The introduction and implementation of information and communications

technology shall be undertaken with due consultation with directly affected
parties and stakeholders.

Section 110. Relationship Between the Bureau and Third Parties. Parties may
transact business with the Bureau either directly or through a designated third p
arty to act on their behalf.

The customs transactions directly transacted by a party shall not be treated less
favorably or be subject to more stringent requirements than those transacted
through a designated third party.

A designated third party shall have the same rights and obligations as the
designating party when transacting business with the Bureau.

Subject to the provisions of existing laws, treaties, convention and international,

agreements, the Secretary of Finance shall make the necessary guidelines for
the defined relationship of the Bureau and third parties.

Section 111. Information of General Application. All laws, decisions, rulings,

circulars, memoranda and orders of the Bureau shall be published in accordance
with law.

To foster an informed compliance regime, the Bureau shall ensure that all
relevant and available information of general application pertaining to customs
operations and procedures which are not confidential or intended for the
Bureau's internal use only, shall be readily accessible to any interested person.

Any new information, amendment or changes in customs law, administrative

procedures or requirements, shall, as far as practicable, be made readily
available prior to its effective date of implementation unless advance notice is
precluded.

Section 112. Information of a Specific Nature. The Bureau shall provide

information, not otherwise confidential or for the Bureau's internal use only,
relating to a specific matter as may be requested by an interested party for
legitimate use.

The Bureau may require the payment of a reasonable fee in providing such
information. The requested information shall be released within reasonable time
from the filing of the request and payment of the required fee.

Section 113. Decision and Ruling. The Bureau shall, consistent with Section
1502 of this Act, issue binding and advance decision and ruling at the request of
an interested party on matters pertaining to importation or exportation of goods.

Upon written request of the interested party, the Bureau shall notify the party of
its decision in writing within the period specified in this Act or by regulation.
Should the decision be adverse to the requesting interested party, the reasons
thereof shall be indicated and the party shall be advised of the party's right of
appeal.

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The ruling and decision shall be issued by the Bureau within thirty (30) days from
the submission of the necessary documents and information.

Section 114. Right of Appeal, Forms and Ground. Any party adversely
affected by a decision or omission of the Bureau pertaining to an importation,
exportation, or any other legal claim shall have the right to appeal within fifteen
(15) days from receipt of the questioned decision or order.

An appeal in writing shall be filed within the period prescribed in this Act or by
regulation and shall specify the grounds thereof.

The Bureau may allow a reasonable time for the submission of supporting
evidence to tbe appeal.

CHAPTER 3
TYPES OF IMPORTATION

Section 115. Treatment of Importation. Imported goods shall be deemed

entered in the Philippines for consumption when the goods declaration is
electronically lodged, together with any required supporting documents, with the
pertinent customs office.

Section 116. Free Importation and Exportation. Unless otherwise provided by

law or regulation, all goods may be freely imported into and exported from the
Philippines without need for import and export permits, clearances or licenses.

Section 117. Regulated Importation and Exportation. Goods which are subject
to regulation shall be imported or exported only after securing the necessary
goods declaration or export declaration, clearances, licenses, and any other
requirements, prior to importation or exportation. In case of importation,
submission of requirements after arrival of the goods but prior to release from
customs custody shall be allowed but only in cases provided for by governing
laws or regulations.

Section 118. Prohibited Importation and Exportation. The importation and

exportation of the following goods are prohibited:

(a) Written or printed goods in any form containing any matter advocating or
inciting treason, rebellion, insurrection, sedition against the government of the
Philippines, or forcible resistance to any law of the Philippines, or written or
printed goods containing any threat to take the life of, or inflict bodily harm upon
any person in the Philippines;

(b) Goods, instruments, drugs and substances designed, intended or adapted for
producing unlawful abortion, or any printed matter which advertises, describes or
gives direct or indirect information where, how or by whom unlawful abortion is
committed;

(c) Written or printed goods, negatives or cinematographic films, photographs,

engravings, lithographs, objects, paintings, drawings or other representation of
an obscene or immoral character;

(d) Any goods manufactured in whole or in part of gold, silver or other precious
metals or alloys and the stamp, brand or mark does not Indicate the actual
fineness of quality of the metals or alloys;

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(e) Any adulterated or misbranded food or goods for human consumption or any
adulterated or misbranded drug in violation of relevant laws and regulations;

(f) Infringing goods as defined under the Intellectual Property Code and related
laws; and

(g) All other goods or parts thereof which importation and exportation are
explicitly prohibited by law or rules and regulations issued by the competent
authority.

Section 119. Restricted Importation, and Exportation. Except when authorized

by law or regulation, the importation and exportation of the following restricted
goods are prohibited:

(a) Dynamite, gunpowder, ammunitions and other explosives, firearms and

weapons of war, or parts thereof;

(b) Roulette wheels, gambling outfits, loaded dice, marked cards, machines,
apparatus or mechanical devices used in gambling or the distribution of money,
cigars, cigarettes or other goods when such distribution is dependent on chance,
including jackpot and pinball machines or similar contrivances, or parts thereof;

(c) Lottery and sweepstakes tickets, except advertisements thereof and lists of
drawings therein;

(d) Marijuana, opium, poppies, coca leaves, heroin or other narcotics or synthetic
drugs which are or may hereafter be declared habit forming by the President of
the Philippines, or any compound, manufactured salt, derivative, or preparation
thereof, except when imported by the government of the Philippines or any
person duly authorized by the Dangerous Drugs Board, for medicinal purposes;

(e) Opium pipes or parts thereof, of whatever material; and

(f) Any other goods whose importation and exportation are restricted.

The restriction to import or export the above stated goods shall include the
restriction on their transit.

CHAPTER 4
RELIEF CONSIGNMENT

Section 120. Relief Consignment. Goods such as food, medicine, equipment

and materials for shelter, donated or leased to government institutions and
accredited private entities for free distribution to or use of victims of calamities
shall be treated and entered as relief consignment.

Upon declaration of a state of calamity, clearance of relief consignment shall be a

matter of priority and subject to a simplified customs procedure. The Bureau shall
provide for:

(a) Lodging of a simplified goods declaration or of a provisional or incomplete

goods declaration subject to completion of the declaration within a specified
period;

(b) Lodging, registering and checking of the goods declaration and supporting
documents prior to the arrival of the goods, and their release upon arrival;

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(c) Clearance beyond the designated hours of business or away from customs
offices and waiver of any corresponding charges; and

(d) Examination and/or sampling of goods only in exceptional circumstances.

The Department of Finance (DOF) and the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) shall jointly issue the rules and regulations for the
implementation of this provision.

Section 121. Duty and Tax Treatment. Relief consignment, as defined in

Section 120, imported during a state of calamity and intended for a specific
calamity area for the use of the calamity victims therein, shall be exempt from
duties and taxes.

Title II
Bureau of Customs

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION

Section 200. Chief Officials of the Bureau. The Bureau shall be headed by a
Commissioner and shall be assisted by at least four (4) but not more than six (6)
Deputy Commissioners.

The Commissioner shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines.

The Deputy Commissioners shall also be appointed by the President and at least
majority of whom shall come from the ranks of the Bureau.

Section 201. Powers and Functions of the Commissioner. The Commissioner

shall have the following powers and functions:

(a) Exclusive and original jurisdiction to interpret the provisions of this Act, in
collaboration with other relevant government agencies, subject to review by the
Secretary of Finance;

(b) Exercise any customs power, duties and functions, directly or indirectly;

(c) Review any action or decision of any customs officer performed pursuant to
the provisions of this Act;

(d) Review and decide disputed assessments and other matters related thereto,
subject to review by the Secretary of Finance and exclusive appellate jurisdiction
of the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA);

(e) Delegate the powers vested under this Act to any customs officer with the
rank equivalent to division chief or higher, except for the following powers and
functions:

(1) Promulgation of rules and regulations;

(2) Issuance, revocation or modification of rulings; and

(3) Compromise or abate of customs obligations.

(f) Assignment or reassignment of any customs officer subject to the approval of

the Secretary of Finance; Provided, That District Collectors and other customs

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officers that perform assessment functions shall not remain in the same area of
assignment for more than three (8) years; and

(g) Perform all other duties and functions as may be necessary for the effective
implementation of this Act and other customs related laws.

Section 202. Functions of the Bureau. The Bureau shall exercise the following
duties and functions:

(a) Assessment and collection of customs revenues from imported goods and
other dues, fees, charges, fines and penalties accruing under this Act;

(b) Simplification and harmonization of customs procedures to facilitate

movement of goods in international trade;

(c) Border control to prevent entry of smuggled goods;

(d) Prevention and suppression of smuggling and other customs fraud;

(e) Facilitation and security of international trade and commerce through an

informed compliance program;

(f) Supervision and control over the entrance and clearance of vessels and
aircraft engaged in foreign commerce;

(g) Supervision and control over the handling of foreign mails arriving in the
Philippines for the purpose of collecting revenues and preventing the entry of
contraband;

(h) Supervision and control on all import and export cargoes, landed or stored in
piers, airports, terminal facilities, including container yards and freight stations for
the protection of government revenue and prevention of entry of contraband;

(i) Conduct a compensation study with the end view of developing and
recommending to the President a competitive compensation and remuneration
system to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, while ensuring that the
Bureau remains financially sound and sustainable;

(j) Exercise of exclusive originaljumdiction over forfeiture cases under this Act;
and

(k) Enforcement of this Act and all other laws, rules and regulations related to
customs administration.

Section 203. Annual Report of the Commissioner. The Commissioner shall

submit to the President, the Congress of the Philippines and the NEDA an annual
report on the performance of the Bureau, on or before March 31 of the following
year.

Section 204. Promulgation of Rules and Regulations. The Commissioner,

subject to the approval of the Secretary of Finance, shall promulgate rules and
regulations for the enforcement of this Act. The Commissioner shall regularly
prepare and publish an updated customs manual, and the rules, regulations and
decisions of the Bureau. The Commissioner shall furnish the Congress of the
Philippines, the NEDA and the Tariff Commission with electronic copies of

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department orders, administrative orders, circulars, and rules and regulations
promulgated pursuant to this Act.

Section 205. Copies of Goods Declaration. The Commissioner shall regularly

furnish the NEDA, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the Bureau of Internal
Revenue (BIR) and the Tariff Commission electronic copies of all customs goods
declaration processed and cleared by the Bureau.

Upon request, the Tariff Commission shall have access to, and the right to be
furnished with copies of liquidated goods declaration and other documents
supporting the goods declaration as finally filed in the Commission on Audit
(COA).

For this purpose, the Bureau shall maintain electronic records of goods
declaration and other documents supporting the declaration.

CHAPTER 2
CUSTOMS DISTRICTS AND PORTS OF ENTRY

Section 206. Customs Districts. For administrative purposes, the Philippines

shall be divided into as many Customs Districts as necessary, the respective
limits of which may be changed from time to time by the Commissioner, with the
approval of the Secretary of Finance.

Each Customs District shall be supervised by one (1) District Collector, assisted
by as many Deputy District Collectors as may be necessary. The choice of the
location of a District Office, its business hours and the staffing pattern thereof,
shall be based on the particular requirements of each district.

Section 207. Ports of Entry. All ports of entry shall be under the supervision
and control of a Customs District. A District Collector shall be assigned in the
principal ports of entry while a Deputy District Collector may be assigned to other
types of ports of entry.

The principal ports of entry shall he located in Aparri, San Fernando, Manila,
Manila International Container Port, Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Subic,
Clark, Batangas, Legaspi, Iloilo, Cebu, Tacloban, Surigao, Cagayan de Oro,
Zamboanga, Davao, Limay and such other ports that may be created pursuant to
this Act.

For the effective enforcement of the Bureau's functions and without hampering
business and commercial operations of the ports, sea ports and airport
authorities and private ports and airport operators shall provide suitable areas for
examination, and for other customs equipment free of charge within a definite
period of time, as agreed with private port and airport operations, if any.

Section 208. Power of the President to Open and Close Any Port. Up on the
recommendation of the Secretary of Finance, the President may open or close
any port of entry. Upon closure of a port of entry, the existing personnel shall he
reassigned by the Commissioner, subject to the approval of the Secretary of
Finance.

Section 209. Assignment of Customs Officers and Employees to Other Duties.

The Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary of Finance, may assign
any employee of the Bureau to any port, service, division or office of the Bureau
within the Bureau's staffing pattern or organizational structure, or may assign any

13
employee other duties: Provided, That such assignment shah not affect the
employee's tenure of office nor result in a change of status, demotion in rank
and/or salary deduction.

Section 210. Duties of the District Collector. The District Collector shall have
the following duties in their assigned Customs District:

(1) Ensure entry of all imported goods at the customs office;

(2) Prevent importation and exportation of prohibited goods;

(3) Ensure legal compliance of regulated goods and facilitate the flow of
legitimate trade;

(4) Examine, classify and value imported goods;

(5) Assess and collect duties, taxes and other charges on imported goods;

(6) Hold and dispose imported goods in accordance with this Act;

(7) Prevent smuggling and other customs fraud; and

(8) Perform other necessary duties that may be assigned by the Commissioner
for the effective implementation of this Act. Subject to the supervision and control
of the District Collector, the duties and functions of the District Collector may be
delegated to the Deputy District Collector. The Deputy District Collector assigned
to a sub-port shall be under the supervision and control of the District Collector of
the corresponding principal port.

Section 211. Temporary Succession of Deputy District Collector to Position of

Acting District Collector. In the absence or disability of a District Collector or, in
case of vacancy, the Deputy District Collector shall temporarily discharge the
duties of the District Collector. Should there be no Deputy District Collector, the
District Collector shall designate, in writing, a senior ranking customs officer to
temporarily perform the duties of the District Collector. In case there are two (2)
or more senior ranking customs officers with equal length of service, a drawing of
lots shall be undertaken. The District Collector shall report the designation to the
Commissioner within twenty-four (24) hours after the designation.

Section 212. Records to be Kept by Customs Officers. District Collectors,

Deputy District Collectors, and customs officers acting in such capacities must
maintain permanent records of official transactions and turn-over all records and
official papers to their respective successors or other authorized officials. The
records shall be made available for inspection by other authorized officials of the
Bureau.

If required, the District Collector shall affix the official dry seal of the Bureau on all
documents and records requiring authentication.

Section 213. Reports of the District Collector to the Commissioner. The

District Collector shall report to the Commissioner any probable or initiated
litigation within the Customs District and shall submit regular monthly reports on
all district transactions.

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 CHAPTER 3
EXERCISE OF POLICE AUTHORITY

Section 214. Persons Exercising Police Authority. For the effective

implementation of this Act, the following persons are authorized to effect search,
seizure, and arrest:

(a) Officials of the Bureau, District Collectors, Deputy District Collectors, police
officers, agents, inspectors and guards of the Bureau;

(b) Upon authorization of the Commissioner, officers and members of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and national law enforcement agencies; and

(c) Officials of the BIR on all cases falling within the regular performance of their
duties, when payment of internal revenue taxes is involved.

All officers authorized by the Commissioner to exercise police authority shall at

all times coordinate with the Commissioner.

Goods seized by deputized officers pursuant to this section shall be physically

turned-over immediately to the Bureau, unless provided under existing laws,
rules and regulations.

For this purpose, mission orders shall clearly indicate the specific name carrying
out the mission and the tasks to be carried out.

Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Finance, the Commissioner shall

define the scope, areas covered, procedures and conditions governing the
exercise of such police authority including custody and responsibility for the
seized goods. The rules and regulations to this effect shall be furnished to the
concerned government agencies and personnel for guidance and compliance.

All seizures pursuant to this section must be effected in accordance with the
provisions on the conduct of seizure proceedings provided for in Chapters 3 and
4 of Title XI of this Act.

Section 215. Place Where Authority May be Exercised. All persons exercising
police authority as described in the preceding section shall, only exercise powers
within customs premises as provided for in Section 303 of this Act, and within the
limits of the authority granted by the Commissioner, Port and airport authorities in
allports of entry shall provide authorized customs officers with unhampered
access to all premises within their administrative jurisdiction.

Section 216, Exercise of Power of Seizure. Any person exercising police

authority under this Act has the power and duty to seize any vessel, aircraft,
cargo, goods, animal or any other movable property when the same is subject to
forfeiture or when they are subject of a fine imposed under this Act.

Section 217. Duty of Officer to Disclose Official Character. For the proper
exercise of police authority, any authorized person shall disclose the nature of
the authority upon being questioned at the time of exercise thereof and shall
exhibit the corresponding written authority issued by the Commissioner.

Section 218. Authority to Require Assistance and Information. Any person

exercising police authority may demand the assistance of and request
information from the Philippine National Police (PNP), the AFP and other national

15
law enforcement agencies, when necessary, to effect any search, seizure or
arrest. It shall be the duty of any police officer and other national law enforcers to
give such lawful assistance.

Section 219. Authority to Enter Properties. Any person exercising police

authority may, at any time, enter, pass through, and search any land, enclosure,
warehouse, store, building or structure not principally used as a dwelling house.

When a security personnel or any other employee lives in the warehouse, store,
or any building, structure or enclosure that is used for storage of goods, it shall
not be considered as a dwelling house for purposes of this Act.

Section 220. Authority to Search Dwelling House. A dwelling house may be

entered and searched only upon warrant issued by a Judge of a competent court,
the sworn application thereon showing probable cause and particularly
describing the place to be searched and the goods to be seized.

Section 221. Authority to Search Vessels or Aircrafts and Persons or Goods

Conveyed Therein. Any person exercising police authority under this Act may
board, inspect, search and examine a vessel or aircraft and any container, trunk,
package, box or envelope found on board, and physically search and examine
any person thereon. In case of any probable violation of this Act, the person
exercising police authority may seize the goods, vessel, aircraft, or any part
thereof.

Such power to search includes removal of any false bottom, partition, bulkhead,
or any other obstruction for the purpose of uncovering any concealed dutiable or
forfeitable goods.

The proceeding herein authorized shall not give rise to any claim for damage
caused to the goods, vessel or aircraft, unless there is gross negligence or abuse
of authority in the exercise thereof.

Section 222. Authority to Search Vehicles, Other Carriers, Persons and

Animals. Upon reasonable cause, any person exercising police authority may
open and examine any box, trunk, envelope, or other container for purposes of
determining the presence of dutiable or prohibited goods. This authority includes
the search of receptacles used for the transport of human remains and dead
animals. Such authority likewise includes the power to stop, search, and examine
any vehicle or carrier, person or animal suspected of holding or conveying
dutiable or prohibited goods.

Section 223. Authority to Search Persons Arriving From Foreign Countries.

Upon reasonable cause, travelers arriving from foreign countries may be
subjected to search and detention by the customs officers. The dignity of the
person under search and detention shall be respected at all times. Female
inspectors may be employed for the examination and search of persons of their
own sex.

Section 224. Power to Inspect and Visit. The Commissioner or any customs
officer who is authorized in writing by the Commissioner, may demand evidence
of payment of duties and taxes on imported goods openly for sale or kept in
storage. In the event that the interested party fails to produce such evidence
within fifteen (15) days, the goods may be seized and subjected to forfeiture
proceedings:Provided, That during the proceedings, the interested party shaUbe
given the opportunity to prove or show the source of the goods and the payment

16
of duties and taxes thereon: Provided, Further, That when the warrant of seizure
has been issued but subsequent documents presented evidencing proper
payment are found to be authentic and in order, the District Collector shall, within
fifteen (15) days from the receipt of the motion to quash or recall the warrant,
cause the immediate release of the goods seized, subject to clearance by the
Commissioner: Provided, Finally, That the release thereof shall not be contrary to
law.

Title III
Customs Jurisdiction and Customs Control

CHAPTER 1
CUSTOMS JURISDICTION

Section 300. Customs Jurisdiction. For the effective implementation of this Act,
the Bureau shall exercise jurisdiction over all seas within Philippine territory and
all coasts, ports, airports, harbors, bays, rivers and inland waters whether
navigable or not from the sea and any means of conveyance.

The Bureau shall pursue imported goods subject to seizure during its transport
by land, water and air and shall exercise jurisdiction as may be necessary for the
effective enforcement of this Act. When a vessel or aircraft becomes subject to
seizure for violation of this Act, a pursuit of such vessel or aircraft which began
within the territorial waters or air space may continue beyond the same, and the
vessel or aircraft may be seized in the high seas or international air space.

CHAPTER 2
CUSTOMS CONTROL

Section 301. Customs Control Over Goods. All goods, including means of
transport, entering or leaving the customs territory, regardless of whether they
are liable to duties and taxes, shall be subject to customs control to ensure
compliance with this Act.

In the application of customs control, the Bureau shall employ audit-based

controls and risk management systems, use automation to the fullest extent
possible, and adopt a compliance measurement strategy to support risk
management.

The Bureau shall seek to cooperate and conclude mutual administrative

assistance agreements with other customs administrations to enhance customs
control. The Bureau shall consult, coordinate, and cooperate with other
government regulatory agencies, free zones authorities, and the customs
stakeholders, in general, to enhance customs control.

Section 302. Enforcement of Port Regulation of the Bureau of Quarantine.

Customs officials and employees shall cooperate with the quarantine authorities
in the enforcement of the port quarantine regulations promulgated by the Bureau
of Quarantine and shall give effect to the same insofar as connected with matters
of shipping and navigation.

Section 303. Control Over Premises Used for Customs Purposes. The Bureau
shall, for customs purposes, have exclusive control, direction and management
of customs offices, facilities, warehouses, ports, airports, wharves, infrastructure
and other premises in the Customs Districts, in all cases without prejudice to the
general police powers of the local government units (LGUs), the Philippine Coast

17
Guard and of law enforcement agencies in the exercise of their respective
functions.

Section 304. Power of the President to Subject Premises to Customs

Jurisdiction. When public interest requires, the President may, by executive
order, declare any public wharf, landing place, infrastructure, street or land, in
any port of entry under the jurisdiction of the Bureau as may be necessary, for
customs purposes and/or to authorize a port or terminal operator to transfer
overstaying cargoes in an inland depot or terminal.

Section 305. Trespass or Obstruction of Customs Premises. No person shall

enter or obstruct a customs office, warehouse, port, airport, wharf, or other
premises under the control of the Bureau without prior authority, including the
streets or alleys where these facilities are located.

Section 306. Special Surveillance for the Protection of Customs Revenue and
Prevention of Smuggling. The Bureau shall conduct surveillance on vessels or
aircrafts entering Philippine territory and on imported goods entering the customs
office: Provided, That the function of the Philippine Coast Guard to prevent and
suppress the illegal entry of these goods, smuggling and other forms of customs
fraud and violations of maritime law and its proper surveillance of vessels
entering anchor leaving Philippine territory as provided in Republic Act No. 9993,
otherwise known as the Philippine Coast Guard Law of 2009, shall continue to
be in force.

Section 307. Temporary Storage of Goods. Subject to the rules and

regulations to be issued by the Secretary of Finance, the Commissioner shall
establish a system for temporary storage of imports prior to goods declaration in
case of abandoned or overstaying goods.

Title IV
Import Clearance and Formalities

CHAPTER 1
GOODS DECLARATION

Section 400. Goods to be Imported through Customs Office. All goods

imported into the Philippines shall be entered through a customs office at a port
of entry, or may be admitted to or removed from a free zone as defined in this Act,
as the case may be.

Section 401. Importations Subject to Goods Declaration. Unless otherwise

provided for in this Act, all imported goods shall be subject to the lodgement of a
goods declaration. A goods declaration may be for consumption, for customs
bonded warehousing, for admission, for conditional importation, or for customs
transit.

Section 402. Goods Declaration for Consumption. All goods declaration for
consumption shall be cleared through a formal entry process except for the
following goods which shall be cleared through an informal entry process;

(a) Goods of a commercial nature with Free on Board (FOB) or Free Carrier At
(FCA) value of less than fifty thousand pesos (50,000.00). Every three (3) years
after the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Finance shall adjust this amount
as provided herein to its present value, using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) as
published by the PSA; and

18
(b) Personal and household effects or goods, not in commercial quantity,
imported in a passengers baggage or mail.

The Commissioner may adjust the value of goods of commercial nature that shall
be cleared through an informal entry process without prejudice to the periodic
adjustment period in subparagraph (a) of this section.

All importations entered through, a formal entry process shall be covered by a

letter of credit or any verifiable commercial document evidencing payment or in
cases where there is no sale for export, by any commercial document indicating
the commercial value of the goods.

Section 403. Provisional Goods Declaration. Where the declarant does not
have all the information or supporting documents required to complete the goods
declaration, the lodging of a provisional goods declaration may be
allowed: Provided, That it substantially contains the necessary information
required by the Bureau and the declarant undertakes to complete the information
or submit the supporting documents within forty-five (45) days from the filing of
the provisional goods declaration, which period may be extended by the Bureau
for another forty-five (45) days for valid reasons.

If the Bureau accepts a provisional goods declaration, the duty treatment of the
goods shall not be different from that of goods with complete declaration.

Goods under a provisional goods declaration may be released upon posting of

any required security equivalent to the amount ascertained to be the applicable
duties and taxes.

Section 404. Owner of Imported Goods. All goods imported into the
Philippines shall be deemed to be the property of the consignee or the holder of
the bill of lading, airway bill or other equivalent transport document if duly
endorsed by the consignee therein, or, if consigned to order, duly endorsed by
the consignor. The underwriters of abandoned goods and the salvors of goods
saved from wreck at sea, coast, or in any area of the Philippines, may be
regarded as the consignees.

Section 405. Liability of Importer for Duties and Taxes. Unless relieved by
laws or regulations, the liability for duties, taxes, fees, and other charges
attached to importation constitutes a personal debt due and demandable against
the importer in favor of the government and shall be discharged only upon
payment of duties, taxes, fees and other charges. It also constitutes alien on the
imported goods which may be enforced while such goods are under customs'
custody.

Section 406. Importations by the Government. Except those provided for in

Section 800 of this Act, all importations by the government for its own use or that
of its subordinate branches or instrumentalities, or corporations, agencies or
instrumentalities owned or controlled by the government, shall he subject to the
duties, taxes, fees and other charges under this Act.

Section 407. Goods Declaration and Period of Filing. As far as practicable, the
format of the goods declaration shall conform with international standards. The
data required in the goods declaration shall be limited to such particulars that are
deemed necessary for the assessment and collection of duties and taxes, the
compilation of statistics and compliance with this Act. The Bureau shall require
the electronic lodgement of the goods declaration.

19
The Bureau shall only require supporting documents necessary for customs
control to ensure that all requirements of the law have been complied with.
Translation of supporting documents shall not be required except when
necessary.

Goods declaration must be lodged within fifteen (15) days from the date of
discharge of the last package from the vessel or aircraft. The period to file the
goods declaration may, upon request, be extended on valid grounds for another
fifteen (15) days: Provided, That the request is made before the expiration of the
original period within which to file the goods declaration: Provided, However,
That the period of the lodgement of the goods declaration may be adjusted by
the Commissioner.

Section 408. Lodgement and Amendment of Goods Declaration. The Bureau

shall permit the electronic lodgement of the goods declaration at any designated
customs office. The Bureau shall, for valid reason and under terms and
conditions provided by regulation, permit the declarant to amend the goods
declaration that has already been lodged; Provided, That the request to amend
the goods declaration, together with the intended amendments, must be received
prior to final assessment or examination of the goods.

Section 409. Advance Lodgement and Clearance. The Bureau may provide
for the lodgement and clearance of goods declaration and supporting documents
prior to the arrival of the goods under such terms and conditions as may be
provided by rules and regulations to be promulgated under this Act.

Section 410. Entry of Goods in Part for Consumption and in Part for
Warehousing. Goods declaration covered by one bill of lading or airway bill
over goods which are meant in part for consumption and in part for warehousing
may be both entered simultaneously for release at the port of entry.

Section 411. Contents of Goods Declaration. Goods declaration shall contain

the names of the consignee, importing vessel or aircraft, port of departure, port of
destination and date of arrival, the number and marks of packages, or the
quantity, if in bulk, the nature and correct commodity description of the goods
contained therein, its value as set forth in a proper invoice, and such other
information as may be required by rules and regulations. Where the declarant
does not have all the information required to make the goods declaration, a
provisional or incomplete goods declaration shall, for certain cases and for
reasons deemed valid by the Bureau, be allowed to be lodged: Provided, That it
contains the particulars deemed necessary by the Bureau for the acceptance of
the entry filed and that the declarant undertakes to complete it within forty-five
(45) days from the filing of the provisional goods declaration in accordance with
Section 403 of this Act.

Section 412. Statements to be Provided in the Goods Declaration. No entry of

imported goods shall be allowed unless the goods declaration has been lodged
with the Bureau. The goods declaration shall, under penalties of falsification or
perjury, contain the following statements:

(a) The invoice and goods declaration contain an accurate and faithful account of
the prices paid or payable for the goods, and other adjustments to the price
actually paid or payable, and that nothing has been omitted therefrom or
concealed whereby the government of the Republic of the Philippines might be
defrauded of any part of the duties and taxes lawfully due on the goods; and

20
(b) To the best of the declarant's information and belief, all the invoices and bills
of lading or airway bills relating to the goods are the only ones in existence
relating to the importation in question, and that these documents are in the same
state as when they were received by the declarant, and the declaration thereon
are in all respects genuine and true.

Goods declaration shall be submitted electronically pursuant to Republic Act No.

8792, otherwise known as the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000. Such
declarations when printed and certified by a competent customs officer as a
faithful reproduction of the electronic submission shall be considered as
actionable documents for purposes of prosecuting a declarant if the declarations
are found to be fraudulent.

Section 413. Description of Goods. Under such terms and conditions

prescribed under the rules and regulations, the description of the goods in the
goods declaration must be sufficient and specific in detail to enable the goods to
be Identified for customs valuation, statistical purposes, and classification to the
appropriate tariff heading and subheading in the currency of the invoice, and in
such other particulars necessary for the proper assessment and collection of
duties and taxes. The quantity and value of each of the several classes of goods
shall be separately declared according to their respective headings or
subheadings and the totals of each heading or subheading shall be duly shown.

Section 414. Commercial and Noncommercial Invoice. Commercial invoice of

imported goods shall contain the following:

(a) The agreed price paid or to be paid for the goods;

(b) The adjustments to the price paid or to be paid as defined in Section 701(1) of
this Act, if not yet included in the invoice, as may be applicable;

(c) The names of the buyer, seller, and the time and place of sale;

(d) The port of entry;

(e) A sufficient description to enable the accurate identification of goods for tariff
classification, customs valuation, and statistical purposes, indicating the correct
commodity description, in customary term or commercial designation, the grade
or quality, numbers, marks or symbols under which they are sold by the seller or
manufacturer, together with the marks and number of packages in which the
goods are packed;

(f) The quantities in the weights or measures of the goods shipped; and

(g) Any other fact deemed necessary for the proper examination, customs
valuation, and tariff classification of the goods as may be prescribed by rules and
regulations.

To the extent possible, the above requirements shall also apply to goods
imported but not covered by sale, such as goods on consignment or lease,
samples, or donations, covered by a consignment, pro forma invoice, or other
noncommercial invoice.

Section 415. Mode of Payment and Terms of Trade. Subject to existing laws
and rules on foreign currency exchange, the internationally accepted standards
and practices on the mode of payment or remittance covering import and export

21
transactions, including standards developed by international trading bodies such
as the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) on trading terms (incoterms)
and on international letters of credit such as the Uniform Customs and Practice
for Documentary Credits (UCPDC), shall he recognized.

Section 416. Examination of Samples. Customs officers shall see to it that

representative samples taken during examination shall be properly receipted for
and retained within a reasonable period of time. The quantity and value of the
samples taken shall be noted in the specified box of goods declaration or
electronic form. Such samples shall be duly labeled as will definitely identify them
with the importation for which they are taken.

Section 417. Forwarding of Cargo and Remains of Wrecked Vessel or Aircraft.

When vessels or aircrafts are wrecked within the Philippines, the original owners
or consignees of the cargo, or by its underwriters, in ease of abandonment, may
seek approval from the Bureau to forward the goods saved from the wreck to the
ports of destination without going through the customs office in the district in
which the goods were cast ashore or unloaded. Upon approval, the goods may
be forwarded with particular manifests and duly certified by a customs officer in
charge of the goods.

The owner of the vessel or aircraft may be permitted to export the remains of the
wreck upon proper examination and inspection. The remains of a wrecked vessel
shall include not only its hull and rigging, but also all sea stores, goods and
equipment, such as sails, ropes and chain anchors.

Section 418. Derelicts and Goods from Abandoned Wrecks. Derelicts and all
goods recovered from sea or from abandoned wrecks shall be under the
jurisdiction of the port where the goods arrive, and shall be retained in the
custody of the Bureau. If not claimed by the owner, underwriter or salvor, the
same shall be deemed as property of the government.

When such goods are brought into port by lighters or other craft, each vessel
shall submit a manifest of their respective cargo.

The customs officer nearest the scene of the wreck shall take charge of the
goods saved and shall give immediate notice to the District Collector or the
nearest customs office.

In order to prevent any attempt to commit fraud, the District Collector shall be
represented at the salvage of the cargo by customs officers who shall examine
and receive the inventory made on the cargo.

Derelicts and goods salvaged from foreign vessels or aircrafts recovered from
sea or wreck are prima facie dutiable and may be entered for consumption or
warehousing. If claimed to be of Philippine production, and consequently
conditionally duty-free, proof must be submitted as in ordinary cases of
reimportation of goods. Foreign goods landed from a vessel or aircraft in distress
is dutiable if sold or disposed of in the Philippines.

Before any goods taken from a recent wreck are admitted to the customs territory,
the same shall be appraised, and the owner or importer shall have the same right
to appeal as in ordinary importation.

No part of a Philippine vessel or aircraft or its equipment, wrecked either in

Philippine or foreign waters, shall be subject to duty.

22
 CHAPTER 2
EXAMINATION OF GOODS

Section 419. Examination of Goods. Examination of goods, when required by

the Bureau, shall be conducted immediately after the goods declaration has been
lodged. Priority in the examination shall be given to live animals, perishable
goods and other goods requiring immediate examination.

Whenever necessary, a system of coordination and joint examination of goods

shall be established by the Bureau and other regulatory agencies under existing
laws and regulations.

As a general rule, the Bureau may examine the goods in the presence of the
declarant or an authorized representative. Examination of the goods in the
absence of the declarant or authorized representative may be allowed in
exceptional circumstance and for valid and justifiable grounds, as may be defined
by regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Finance, upon recommendation
of the Commissioner. The Bureau may require the declarant to be present or to
be represented at theexamination o the goods or to render any assistance
necessary to facilitate the examination.

The Bureau shall take samples of the goods only when needed to establish the
tariff description and value of goods declared, or to ensure compliance with this
Act. Samples drawn shall be as minimal as possible.

Section 420. Conditions for Examination. Pursuant to internationally accepted

standards, the Bureau may adopt nonintrusive examination of goods, such as the
use of x-ray machines.

Physical examination of the goods shall be conducted when:

(a) It is directed by the Commissioner on account of a derogatory information;

(b) The goods are subject to an Alert Order issued by competent authority;

(c) The goods are electronically selected for physical examination;

(d) There are issues and controversies surrounding the goods declaration and
the import clearance process; or

(e) The importer or declarant requests for the examination of the goods.

The Commissioner may exempt from physical examination the goods of

authorized economic operators or of those provided for under any existing trade
facilitation program of the Bureau.

Physical examination, when required, shall be conducted in an expeditious

manner.

Section 421. Duties of Customs Officer Tasked to Examine the Imported

Goods. In the examination, classification, and valuation of the goods, the
customs officer shall:

23
(a) Determine whether the packages for examination and their contents are in
accordance with the goods declaration, invoice and other pertinent documents;

(b) Take samples of the imported goods for examination or laboratory analysis
when necessary;

(c) Issue a receipt for a sample taken and retained during examination; and

(d) Report whether the goods have been correctly declared as to value, quantity,
measurement, weight, tariff classification and not imported contrary to law.

Failure on the part of the customs officer to perform the above duties shall be
penalized according to Section 1431 of Title XIV of this Act.

Section 422. Customs Expenses Constituting Charges on Goods. The cost of

examination shall be for the account of the importer or exporter, subject to proper
accounting and documentation. All expenses incurred by the Bureau for the
handling or storage of goods and other necessary operations shall be chargeable
against the goods, and shall constitute a lien thereon.

CHAPTER 3
ASSESSMENT AND RELEASE

Section 423. Determination of the De Minimis Value. No duties and taxes shall
be collected on goods with an FOB or FCA value of ten thousand pesos
(10,000.00) or below. The Secretary of Finance shall adjust the de
minimis value as provided herein, every three (3) years after the effectivity of this
Act. The value herein stated shall be adjusted to its present value using the CPI,
as published by the PSA.

Section 424. Duty of Customs Officer Tasked to Assess Imported Goods. For
purposes of assessing duties and taxes on imported goods, the customs officer
shall classify, value, and determine the duties and taxes to be paid. The customs
officer shall prepare and submit an assessment report as established under this
Act.

Section 425. Tentative Assessment of Goods Subject to Dispute Settlement.

Assessment shall be deemed tentative if the duties and taxes initially assessed
are disputed by the importer. The assessment shall be completed upon final
readjustment based on the tariff ruling in case of classification dispute, or the
final resolution of the protest case involving valuation, rules of origin, and other
customs issues.

The District Collector may allow the release of the imported goods under
tentative assessment upon the posting of sufficient security to cover the
applicable duties and taxes equivalent to the amount that is disputed.

Section 426. Tentative Assessment of Provisional Goods Declaration.

Assessment of a provisional goods declaration shall be deemed tentative and
such assessment shall be completed upon final readjustment and submission by
the declarant of the additional information or documentation required to complete
the declaration within the period provided in Section 403 of this Act.

Section 427. Readjustment of Appraisal, Classification or Return. Such

appraisal, classification or return, as finally passed upon and approved or

24
modified by the District Collector, shall not be altered or modified in any manner,
except:

(1) Within one (1) year after payment of the duties, upon statement of error in
conformity with Section 912 of this Act, as approved by the District Collector;

(2) Within fifteen (15) days after such payment, upon request for reappraisal or
reclassification addressed to the Commissioner by the District Collector, if the
appraisal or classification is deemed to be low;

(3) Upon request for reappraisal and/or reclassification, in the form of a timely
protest addressed to the District Collector by the interested party if the latter
should be dissatisfied with the appraisal or return; or

(4) Upon demand by the Commissioner after the completion of compliance audit
in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

Section 428. Assessment of Duty on Less Than Entered Value. Duty shall not
be assessed in any case upon an amount less than the entered value, unless by
direction of the Commissioner in cases when the importer certifies at the time of
entry that the entered value is higher than the dutiable value and that the goods
are so entered in order to meet increases made by the appraiser in similar cases
then pending re-appraisement; and the lower assessment shall be allowed only
when the importer's contention is sustained by a final decision, and shall appear
that such action of the importer was taken in good faith after due diligence and
inquiry.

Section 429. Final Assessment. Assessment shall be deemed final fifteen (15)
days after receipt of the notice of assessment by the importer or consignee.

Section 430. Period of Limitation. In the absence of fraud and when the goods
have been finally assessed and released, the assessment shall be conclusive
upon all parties three (3) years from the date of final payment of duties and taxes,
or upon completion of the post clearance audit.

Section 431. Release of Goods after Payment of Duties and Taxes. Goods
declared shall be released when duties and taxes and other lawful charges have
been paid or secured and all the pertinent laws, rules and regulations have been
complied with.

When the Bureau requires laboratory analysis of samples, detailed technical

documents or expert advice, it may release the goods before the results of such
examination are known after posting of sufficient security by the declarant.

Section 432. Release of Goods to the Holder of Bill of Lading or Airway Bill.
Any customs officer who releases goods to the consignee or lawful holder of the
bill oflading or airway bill shall not be liable for any defect or irregularity in its
negotiation unless the customs officer has notice of the defect or irregularity.

Section 433. Release of Goods Without Production of Bill of Lading or Airway

Bill. No customs officer shall release goods to any person without the
submission of the bill of lading or airway bill covering the goods, except on
written order of the carrier or agent of the vessel or aircraft, in which case neither
the government nor the customs officer shall be held liable for any damage
arising from wrongful release of the goods: Provided, That when the release of

25
goods is made against such written order, the customs officer shall require the
submission of a copy of the bill.

Section 434. Release of Goods Upon Order of Importer. An importer may

issue a written authorization for the release of goods stored in a bonded
warehouse to another person. Such authorization shall not relieve the importer
from liability for the duties, taxes and other charges due on the goods unless the
person to whom the release was authorized assumes such liability.

Section 435. Withholding Release Pending Satisfaction of Lien. When the

District Collector is duly notified through a lawful order of a competent court of a
lien for freight, lighterage or general average upon any imported goods, the
District Collector shall withhold the release of the goods unless the claim has
been paid or secured. In case of disagreement, the District Collector may release
the goods after payment of the freight and lighterage due on the quantity or
weight landed as actually determined.

Section 436. Fine or Surcharge on Goods. Goods subject to any fine or

surcharge shall be released only after the payment of the fine or surcharge.

CHAPTER 4
SPECIAL PROCEDURES

Section 437. Traveler and Passenger Baggage. The Bureau shall provide
simplified customs procedure for traveler and baggage processing based on
international agreements and customs best practices.

Travelers shall be permitted to export goods for commercial purposes, subject to

compliance with the necessary export formalities and payment of export duties,
taxes and charges, if any.

Section 438. Postal Item or Mail. Postal item or mail shall include letter-post
and parcels, as described in international practices and agreements, such as the
Acts of the Universal Postal Union (AUPU), currently in force.

A simplified procedure shall be used in the clearance of postal item or mail,

including the collection of the applicable duties and taxes on such items or goods.

When all the information required by the customs are available in tbe special
declaration form for postal items as provided in the AUPU or similar international
agreements, the special declaration form and supporting documents shall be the
goods declaration. However, a separate goods declaration shall be required for
tbe following:

(a) Goods whose value fall within the level that the Commissioner has
determined to be taxable and thus must be covered by a goods declaration;

(b) Prohibited and regulated goods;

(c) Goods, the exportation of which must be certified; and

(d) Imported goods under a customs procedure other than for consumption.

Section 439. Express Shipment. The Bureau shall provide simplified customs
procedures hasedon international standards and customs best practices for air
shipments considered as time-sensitive and requiring pre-arrival clearance.

26
Express shipments of accredited air express cargo operators may be released
prior to the payment of the duty, tax and other charges upon posting of a
sufficient security.

Section 440. Establishment of Advance Customs Clearance and Control

Program. The Bureau may establish and implement a voluntary program on
advance customs clearance and control on containerized cargoes. The details of
the voluntary advance customs clearance shall be subject to the rules and
regulations to be issued by the Bureau after conducting the necessary public
hearings and consultations with the concerned sectors.

Title V
Export Clearance and Formalities

CHAPTER 1
EXPORT CLEARANCE AND DECLARATION

Section 500. Export Declaration. All goods exported from the Philippines,
whether subject to export duty or not, shall be declared through a competent
customs office through an export declaration, duly signed electronically or
otherwise by the party making the declaration.

The description of the goods in the export declaration must contain sufficient and
specific information for statistical purposes as well as for the proper valuation and
classification of the goods.

Section 501. Export Product to Conform to Standard Grades. If applicable,

products shall conform to export standard grades established by the government.
The packaging of the said goods shall likewise be labeled and marked in
accordance with related laws and regulations. Export declaration may not be
granted for goods violating the aforementioned requirements.

Section 502. Lodgement and Processing of Export Declaration. The Bureau

shall promulgate rules and regulations to allow manual and electronic lodgement
and processing of the export declaration.

Section 503. Rules of Origin. Pursuant to the applicable rules of origin, the
Bureau or any other designated government agency may determine the origin of
goods for export and, if appropriate, issue the corresponding certificates of origin.
However, the exporter may adopt a self-certification system:Provided, That it is
duly accredited by tbe Bureau or any other authorized government agencies.

Title VI
Customs Transit and Transshipment

CHAPTER 1
CUSTOMS TRANSIT

Section 600. Customs Transit in the Customs Territory. Customs transit within
the customs territory shall be allowed for goods except those intended for
consumption, to be transported as follows:

(a) From port of entry to another port of entry as exit point for outright exportation;

27
(b) From port of entry to another port of entry or inland customs office;

(c) From inland customs office to a port of entry as exit point for outright
exportation; and

(d) From one port of entry or inland customs office to another port of entry or
inland customs office.

A transit permit is required for goods transported under customs transit. However,
transfer of goods in customs transit from one means of transport to another shall
be allowed; Provided, That any customs seal or fastening is not broken or
tampered.

The party responsible for the compliance of the obligations imposed on customs
transit shall ensure that the goods are presented intact and in due course at the
customs office of destination. Failure to comply with the aforementioned
obligations or likewise failure to follow a prescribed itinerary or period for delivery
of the goods may immediately subject the goods to the corresponding duties,
taxes and other applicable fines, penalties, and surcharges.

Section 601. Duty and Tax on Goods Intended for Transit. Transit goods
admitted for storage in a customs bonded warehouse, or for outright exportation
at the port of destination or inland customs office, and goods intended for transit
covered by Republic Act No. 10668, otherwise known as An Act Allowing
Foreign Vessels to Transport and Co-Load Foreign Cargoes for Domestic
Transshipment and for Other Purposes, shall not be subject to the payment of
duties and taxes at the port of entry: Provided, That any conditions and security
required by the Bureau are complied with.

Goods for consumption and other goods intended for customs transit not covered
by the immediately preceding paragraph shall he subject to the payment of duties
and taxes at the port of discharge.

Section 602. Carrier's Security. Carriers that transport imported goods that
shall be placed under customs transit from a port of entry to other ports, shall
post a general transportation security amounting to at least fifty thousand pesos
(50,000.00). Such security shall ensure the complete and immediate delivery of
goods to the customs officer at the port of destination and the payment of
pertinent customs charges and expenses and other transfer costs. The amount
of the security may be adjusted by the Commissioner, upon approval of the
Secretary of Finance.

CHAPTER 2
CUSTOMS TRANSSHIPMENT

Section 603. Customs Transshipment. Goods admitted for transshipment shall

not be subject to the payment of duties and taxes: Provided, That the goods
declaration for customs transshipment particularly indicates such nature of the
goods, duly supported by commercial or transport documents or evidence as
required by the Bureau.

Goods for transshipment must be exported from the Philippines within thirty (30)
days from arrival thereof. The Commissioner may allow an extension of such
period after the establishment of valid reasons.

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Section 604. Goods Entered for Immediate Reexportation. Where an intent of
reexportation of the goods is shown by the bill of lading, invoice, manifest, or
other satisfactory evidence, the whole or a part of a bill comprising not less than
one package may be entered for immediate reexportation under security. The
District Collector shall designate the vessel or aircraft in which the goods are
loaded constructively as a warehouse to facilitate the direct transfer of the goods
to the exporting vessel or aircraft.

Unless it shall appear in the bill of lading, airway bill, invoice, manifest, or other
satisfactory evidence, that goods arriving in the Philippines are destined for
transshipment, no exportation thereof will be permitted except under entry for
immediate reexportation under sufficient security in an amount equal to the
ascertained duties, taxes and other charges.

Upon the reexportation of the goods, and the production of proof of landing
beyond the limits of the Philippines, the security shall be released.

Title VII
Import Duty and Tax

CHAPTER 1
BASIS OF VALUATION

Section 700. Sequential Application of Valuation Methods. Imported goods

shall be valued in accordance with the provisions of Section 701 of this Act
whenever the conditions prescribed therein are fulfilled.

Where the customs value cannot be determined under the provisions of Section
701 of this Act, it is to be determined by proceeding sequentially through the
succeeding sections hereof to the first such section under which the customs
value can be determined. Except as provided in Section 704 of this Act, it is only
when the customs value cannot be determined under the provisions of a
particular section that the provisions of the next section in the sequence can be
used.

If the importer does not request that the order of Sections 704 and 705 of this Act
be reversed, the normal order of the sequence is to be followed. If the importer
so requests but it is impossible to determine the customs value under Section
705 of this Act, the customs value shall be determined under Section 704.

When the customs value cannot be determined under Sections 701 through 705,
it may be determined under Section 706 of this Act.

Section 701. Transaction Value SystemMethod One. The transaction value

shall be the price actually paid or payable for the goods when sold for export to
the Philippines adjusted in accordance with the provisions of tins
section: Provided, That:

(a) There are no restrictions as to the disposition or use of the goods by the
buyer other than restrictions which:

(i) Are imposed or required by law or by Philippine authorities;

(ii) limit the geographical area in which the goods may be resold; or

(iii) Do not substantially affect the value of the goods:

29
(b) The sale or price is not subject to some condition or consideration for which a
value cannot be determined with respect to the goods being valued; and

(c) The buyer and the seller are not related, or where the buyer and the seller are
related, that the transaction value is acceptable for customs purposes under the
provisions hereof.

For purposes of this Act, persons shall be deemed related only if:

(i) They are officers or directors of one another's business;

(ii) They are legally recognized partners in business;

(iii) There exists an employer-employee relationship between them;

(iv) Any person directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds five percent (5%) or
more of the outstanding voting stocks or shares of both seller and buyer;

(v) One of them directly or indirectly controls the other;

(vi) Both of them are directly or indirectly controlled by a third person;

(vii) Together they directly or indirectly control a third person; or

(viii) They are members of the same family, including those related by affinity or
consanguinity up to the fourth civil degree.

Persons who are associated in business with one another in that one is the sole
agent, sole distributor or sole concessionaire, however described, of the other
shall be deemed to be related for the purposes of this Act if they fall within any of
the eight (8) cases cited in the preceding paragraph.

In a sale between related persons, the transaction value shall be accepted as

basis for customs valuation whenever the importer demonstrates that such value
closely approximates one of the following occurring at or about the same time:

(a) The transaction value in sales to unrelated buyers of identical or similar goods
for export to the same country of importation;

(b) The customs value of identical or similar goods as determined under the
provisions of Section 704 of this Act; or

(c) The customs value of identical or similar goods are determined under the
provisions of Section 705 of this Act.

In determining the transaction value, the following shall be added to the price
actually paid or payable for the imported goods:

(1) To the extent that they are incurred by the buyer but are not included in the
price actually paid or payable for the imported goods:

(a) Commissions and brokerage fees except buying commissions;

(b) Cost of containers;

(c) Cost of packing, whether for labor or materials;

30
(d) Value, apportioned as appropriate, of the following goods and services:
materials, components, parts and similar items incorporated in the imported
goods; tools; dies; moulds and similar items used in the production of imported
goods; materials consumed in the production of the imported goods; and
engineering, development, artwork, design work and plans and sketches
undertaken elsewhere than in the Philippines and necessary for the production of
imported goods, where such goods and services are supplied directly or
indirectly by the buyer free of charge or at a reduced cost for use in connection
with the production and sale for export of the imported goods; and

(e) Amount of royalties and license fees related to the goods being valued that
the buyer must pay either directly or indirectly, as a condition of sale of the goods
to the buyer.

(2) Value of any part of the proceeds of any subsequent resale, disposal or use
of the imported goods that accrues directly or indirectly to the seller;

(3) Cost of transport of the imported goods from the port of exportation to the port
of entry in the Philippines;

(4) Loading, unloading and handling charges associated with the transport of the
imported goods from the country of exportation to the port of entry in the
Philippines; and

(5) Cost of insurance.

All additions to the price actually paid or payable shall be made only on the basis
of objective and quantifiable data.

Section 702. Transaction Value of Identical GoodsMethod Two. Where the

dutiable value cannot be determined under method one, the dutiable value shall
be the transaction value of identical goods sold for export to the Philippines and
exported at or about the same time as the goods being valued. For purposes of
this section, Identical goods refer to goods which are the same in all respects,
including physical characteristics, quality and reputation. Minor differences in
appearances shall not preclude goods otherwise conforming to the definition
from being regarded as identical.

If, in applying this section, more than one transaction value of identical goods are
found, the lowest value shall be used to determine the customs value.

Section 703. Transaction Value of Similar GoodsMethod Three. Where the

dutiable value cannot be determined under the preceding method, the dutiable
value shall be the transaction value of similar goods sold for export to the
Philippines and exported at or about the same time as the goods being valued.
For purposes of this section, Similar goods refer to goods which, although not
alike in all respects, have like characteristics and similar component materials
which enable them to perform the same functions and to be commercially
interchangeable. The quality of the goods, its reputation and the existence of a
trademark shall be among the factors to be considered in determining whether
goods are similar.

If, in applying this section, more than one transaction value of identical goods are
found, the lowest such value shall be used to determine the customs value.

31
Section 704. Deductive ValueMethod Four. Where the dutiable value cannot
be determined under the preceding method, the dutiable value shall be the
deductive value unless otherwise requested by the importer as provided in
Section 700 hereof. The deductive value which shall be based on the unit price at
which the imported goods or identical or similar imported goods are sold in the
Philippines, in the same condition as when imported, in the greatest aggregate
quantity, at or about the time of the importation of the goods being valued, to
persons not related to the persons from whom they buy such goods, subject to
deductions for the following:

(1) Either the commissions usually paid or agreed to be paid or the additions
usually made for profit and general expenses in connection with sales in such
country of imported goods of the same class or kind;

(2) The usual costs of transport and insurance and associated costs incurred
within the Philippines;

(3) Where appropriate, the costs of: (i) transport of the imported, goods from the
port of exportation to the port of entry in the Philippines; (ii) loading, unloading
and handling charges associated with the transport of the imported goods from
the country of exportation to the port of entry in the Philippines; and (iii) insurance;
and

(4) The customs duties and other national taxes payable in the Philippines by
reason of the importation or sale of the goods.

If neither the imported goods nor identical nor similar imported goods are sold at
or about the time of importation of the goods being valued in the Philippines in
the conditions they were imported, the customs value shall, subject to the
conditions set forth in the preceding paragraph, be based on the unit price at
which the imported goods or identical or similar imported goods sold in the
Philippines in the condition they were imported and at the earliest date after the
importation of the goods being valued, but before the expiration of ninety (90)
days after such importation.

If neither the imported goods nor identical nor similar imported goods are sold in
the Philippines in the condition as imported, then, if the importer so requests, the
dutiable value shall be based on the unit price at which the imported goods, after
further processing, are sold in the greatest aggregate quantity to persons in the
Philippines who are not related to the persons from whom they buy such goods,
subject to allowance for the value added by such processing and deductions
provided under subsections (1), (2), (3) and (4) hereof.

Section 705. Computed ValueMethod Five. Where the dutiable value cannot
be determined under the preceding method, the dutiable value shall be the
computed value of the sum of:

(1) The cost or the value of materials and fabrication or other processing
employed in producing the imported goods;

(2) The amount for profit and general expenses equal to that usually reflected in
the sale of goods of the same class or kind as the goods being valued which are
made by producers in the country of exportation for export to the Philippines;

(3) The freight, insurance fees and other transportation expenses for the
importation of the goods;

32
(4) Any assist, if its value is not included under paragraph (1) hereof; and

(5) The cost of containers and packing, if their values are not included under
paragraph (1) hereof.

The Bureau shall not require or compel any person not residing in the Philippines
to produce for examination, or to allow access to, any account or other record for
the purpose of determining a computed value. However, information supplied by
the producer of the goods for the purposes of determining the customs value
may be verified in another country with the agreement of the producer and
provided that said producer will give sufficient advance notice to the government
of the country in question and that the latter does not object to the investigation.

Section 706. Fallback ValueMethod Six. If the dutiable value cannot be

determined under the preceding methods described above, it shall be determined
by using other reasonable means and on the basis of data available in the
Philippines. If the importer so requests, the importer shall be informed in writing
of the dutiable value determined under method six and the method used to
determine such value.

No dutiable value shall be determined under method six on the basis of:

(1) The selling price in the Philippines of goods produced in the Philippines;

(2) A system that provides for the acceptance for customs purposes of the higher
of two (2) alternative values;

(3) The price of goods in the domestic market of the country of exportation;

(4) The cost of production, other than computed values, that have been
determined for identical or similar goods in accordance with method five hereof;

(5) The price of goods for export to a country other than the Philippines;

(6) Minimum customs values; or

(7) Arbitrary or fictitious values.

Section 707. Ascertainment of the Accuracy of the Declared Value. Nothing in

this section shall be construed as restricting or calling into question the right of
the Bureau to ascertain the truth or accuracy of any statement, document or
declaration presented for customs valuation purposes. When a declaration has
been presented and when the Bureau has reason to doubt the truth or accuracy
of the particulars or of documents produced in support of such declaration, it may
ask the importer to provide further explanation, including documents or other
evidence, that the declared value represents the total amount actually paid or
payable for the imported goods, adjusted in accordance with the provisions of
Section 701 of this Act.

If in the course of determining the dutiable value of imported goods, it becomes

necessary to delay the final determination of such dutiable value, the importer
shall nevertheless he able to secure the release of the imported goods upon
posting of a sufficient security in an amount equivalent to the duties and taxes in
dispute conditioned on the payment of additional duties and taxes, if any, as may
be determined: Provided, That prohibited goods shall not be released under any
circumstance.

33
If, after receiving further information, or in the absence of a response, the Bureau
still has reasonable doubts on the truth or accuracy of the declared value, it may
deem that the customs value of the imported goods cannot be determined under
method one, without prejudice to an importer's right to appeal pursuant to Section
1104 of this Act. Before taking a final decision, the District Collector shall
communicate to the importer, in writing if requested, the grounds for doubting the
truth or accuracy of the particulars or documents produced and give the importer
a reasonable opportunity to respond. When a final decision is made, the Bureau
shall communicate its decision and the grounds therefor in writing.

Section 708. Exchange Rate. For the assessment and collection of import
duty upon imported goods and for other purposes, the value and prices thereof
quoted in foreign currency shall be converted into the currency of the Philippines
at the current rate of exchange or value specified or published, from time to time,
by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).

CHAPTER 2
SPECIAL DUTIES AND TRADE REMEDY MEASURES

Section 709. Government's Right of Compulsory Acquisition. In order to

protect government revenues against undervaluation of goods, the
Commissioner may, motu proprio or upon the recommendation of the District
Collector, acquire imported goods under question for a price equal to their
declared customs value plus any duties already paid on the goods, payment for
which shall be made within ten (10) working days from issuance of a warrant
signed by the Commissioner for the acquisition of such goods.

An importer who is dissatisfied with a decision of the Commissioner pertaining to

this section may, within twenty (20) working days after the date on which notice
of the decision is given, appeal to the Secretary of Finance, and thereafter if still
dissatisfied, to the CTA as provided for in Section 1136 of this Act.

Where no appeal is made by the importer, or upon reaffirmation of the

Commissioner's decision during the appeals process, the Bureau or its agents
shall sell the acquired goods pursuant to existing laws and regulations.

Nothing in this section limits or affects any other powers of the Bureau with
respect to the disposition of the goods or any liability of the importer or any other
person with respect to an offense committed in the importation of the goods.

Section 710. Marking of Imported Goods and Containers.

(A) Marking of Goods. Except as hereinafter provided, all goods of foreign

origin imported into the Philippines or their containers, as provided in subsection
(B) hereof shall be conspicuously marked in any official language of the
Philippines as legibly, indelibly and permanently as the nature of the goods or
container will permit and in such manner as to indicate to an ultimate purchaser
in the Philippines the name of the country of origin of the goods. Pursuant thereto,
the Commissioner shall, with the approval of the Secretary of Finance:

(1) Determine the character of words and phrases or abbreviation thereof which
shall be acceptable as indicating the country of origin and prescribe any
reasonable method of marking, whether by printing, stenciling, stamping,
branding, labeling or by any other reasonable method, and in a conspicuous
place on the goods or container where the marking shall appear;

34
(2) Require the addition of other words or symbols which may be appropriate to
prevent deception or mistake as to the origin of the goods or as to the origin of
any other goods with which such imported goods is usually combined
subsequent to importation but before delivery to an ultimate purchaser; and

(3) Authorize the exception of any goods from the requirements of marking if:

(i) Such goods are incapable of being marked;

(ii) Such goods cannot be marked prior to shipment to the Philippines without
injury;

(iii) Such, goods cannot be marked prior to shipment to the Philippines, except at
an expense economically prohibitive of their importation;

(iv) The marking of a container of such goods will reasonably indicate the origin
of such goods;

(v) Such goods are crude substances;

(vi) Such goods are imported for use by the importer and not intended for sale in
their imported or any other form;

(vii) Such goods are to be processed in the Philippines by the importer or for the
importer's account other than for the purpose of concealing the origin of such
goods and in such manner that any mark contemplated by this section would
necessarily be obliterated, destroyed, or permanently concealed;

(viii) An ultimate purchaser, by reason of the character of such goods or by

reason of the circumstances of their importation, must necessarily know the
country of origin of such goods even though they are not marked to indicate their
origin;

(ix) Such goods were produced more than twenty (20) years prior to their
importation into the Philippines; or

(x) Such goods cannot be marked after importation except at an expense which
is economically prohibitive, and the failure to mark the goods before importation
was not due to any purpose of the importer, producer, seller or shipper to avoid
compliance with this section.

(B) Marking of Containers. Whenever goods are exempt under paragraph (3)
of subsection (A) of this section from the requirements of marking, the immediate
container, if any, of such goods, or such other container or containers of such
goods, shall be marked in such manner as to indicate to an ultimate purchaser in
the Philippines the name of the country of origin of such goods in any official
language of the Philippines, subject to all provisions of this section, including the
same exceptions as are applicable to goods under paragraph (3) of subsection
(A).

(C) Fine for Failure to Mark. If, at the time of importation any good or its
container, as provided in subsection (B) hereof, is not marked in accordance with
the requirements of this section, there shall be levied, collected, and paid upon
such good a marking duty of five percent (5%) of dutiable value, which shall be
deemed to have accrued at the time of importation.

35
(D) Release Withheld Until Marked. No imported goods held in customs
custody for inspection, examination, or assessment shall be released until such
goods or their containers shall have been marked in accordance with the
requirements of this section and until the amount of duty estimated to be payable
under subsection (C) of this section shall have been deposited.

(E) The failure or refusal of the owner or importer to mark the goods as herein
required within a period of thirty (30) days after due notice shall constitute as an
act of abandonment of said goods and their disposition shall be governed by the
provisions of this Act relative to abandonment of imported goods.

Section 711. Dumping Duty. The provisions of Republic Act No. 8752,
otherwise known as the Anti-Dumping Act of 1999, are hereby adopted.

Section 712. Safeguard Duty. The provisions of Republic Act No. 8800,
otherwise known as the Safeguard Measures Act, are hereby adopted.

Section 713. Countervailing Duty. The provisions of Republic Act No. 8751,
otherwise known as An Act Strengthening the Mechanisms for the Imposition of
Countervailing Duties on Imported Subsidized Products, Commodities or Articles
of Commerce in Order to Protect Domestic Industries from Unfair Trade
Competition, Amending for the Purpose Section 302, Part 2, Title II, Book I of
Presidential Decree No. 1464, otherwise known as the Tariff and Customs
Code of the Philippines, as Amended, are hereby adopted.

Section 714. Discrimination by Foreign Countries. Without prejudice to the

Philippine commitment in any ratified international agreements or treaty, the
following recourse shall be applicable in case of discrimination by foreign
countries:

(a) When the President finds that the public interest will be served thereby, the
President shall, by proclamation, specify and declare new or additional duties in
an amount not exceeding one hundred percent (100%) ad valorem upon goods
wholly or in part the growth or product of, or imported in a vessel of any foreign
country whenever the President shall find as a fact that such country:

(1) Imposes, directly or indirectly, up on the disposition or transportation in transit

or through reexportation from such country of any goods wholly or in part the
growth or product of the Philippines, any unreasonable charge, exaction,
regulation or limitation which is not equally enforced upon the like goods of every
foreign country; or

(2) Discriminates in fact against the commerce of the Philippines, directly or

indirectly, by law or administrative regulation or practice, by or in respect to any
customs, tonnage, or port duty, fee, charge, exaction, classification, regulation,
condition, restriction or prohibition, in such manner as to place the commerce of
the Philippines at a disadvantage compared with the commerce of any foreign
country.

(b) If at any time the President shall find it to be a fact that any foreign country
has not only discriminated against the commerce of the Philippines, as aforesaid,
but has, after the issuance of a proclamation as authorized in subsection (a) of
this section, maintained or increased its said discrimination against the
commerce of the Philippines, the President is hereby authorized, if deemed
consistent with the interests of the Philippines and of public interest, to issue a

36
further proclamation directing that such product of said country or such goods
imported in their vessels be excluded hom importation into the Philippines.

(c) Any proclamation issued by the President under this section shall, if the
President deems it consistent with the interest of the Philippines, extend to the
whole of any foreign country or may be confined to any subdivision or
subdivisions thereof; Provided, That the President may, whenever the public
interest requires, suspend, revoke, supplement or amend any such proclamation.

(d) All goods imported contrary to the provisions of this section shall be forfeited
to the government of the Philippines and shall be liable to be seized, prosecuted
and condemned in like manner and under the same regulations, restrictions, and
provisions as may from time to time he established for the recovery, collection,
distribution, and remission or forfeiture to the government by the tariff and
customs laws. Whenever the provision of this section shall be applicable to
importations into the Philippines of goods wholly or in part the growth or product
of any foreign country, it shall be applicable thereto, whether such goods are
imported directly or indirectly.

(e) It shall be the duty of the Commission to ascertain and at all times be
informed whether any of the discriminations against the commerce of the
Philippines enumerated in subsections (a) and (b) of this section are practiced by
any country; and if and when such discriminatory acts are disclosed, it shall be
the duty of the Commission to bring the matter to the attention of the President,
and to recommend measures to address such discriminatory acts.

(f) The Secretary of Finance shall make such rules and regulations as are
necessary for the execution of a proclamation that the President may issue in
accordance with the provisions of this section.

Title VIII
Tax and Duty Deferment, Preference and Exemption

CHAPTER 1
CONDITIONALLY TAX AND/OR DUTY-EXEMPT IMPORTATION

Section 800. Conditionally Tax and/or Duty-Exempt Importation. The following

goods shall be exempt from the payment of import duties upon comphance with
the formalities prescribed in the regulations which shall be promulgated by the
Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary of Finance: Provided, That
goods sold, bartered, hired or used for purposes other than what they were
intended for and without prior payment of the duty, tax or other charges which
would have been due and payable at the time of entry if the goods had been
entered without the benefit of this section, shall be subject to forfeiture and the
importation shall constitute a fraudulent practice against customs
laws:Provided, However, That a sale pursuant to a judicial order or in liquidation
of the estate of a deceased person shall not be subject to the preceding proviso,
without prejudice to the payment of duties, taxes and other
charges; Provided, Further, That the President may, upon the recommendation
of the Secretary of Finance, suspend, disallow or completely withdraw, in whole
or in part, any conditionally free importation under this section:

(a) Aquatic products such as fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, marine animals,

seaweeds, fish oil, roe, caught or gathered by fishing vessels of Philippine
registry; Provided, That they are imported in such vessels or in crafts attached

37
thereto; Provided, However, That they have not been landed in any foreign
territory or, if so landed, that they have been landed solely for transshipment
without having been advanced in condition;

(b) Equipment for use in the salvage of vessels or aircrafts, not available locally,
upon identification and the giving of a security in an amount equal to one
hundred percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes and other charges
thereon, conditioned for the exportation thereof or payment of corresponding
duties, taxes and other charges within six (6) months from the date of
acceptance of the goods declaration; Provided, That the Bureau may extend the
time for exportation or payment of duties, taxes and other charges for a term not
exceeding six (6) months from the expiration of the original period;

(c) Cost of repairs, excluding the value of the goods used, made in foreign
countries upon vessels or aircraft documented, registered or licensed in the
Philippines, upon proof satisfactory to the Bureau: (1) that adequate facilities for
such repairs are not afforded in the Philippines; or (2) that such vessels or
aircrafts, while in the regular course of their voyage or flight, were compelled by
stress of weather or other casualty to put into a foreign port to make such repairs
in order to secure the safety, seaworthiness, or airworthiness of the vessels or
aircrafts to enable them to reach their port of destination;

(d) Goods brought into the Philippines for repair, processing or reconditioning to
be reexported upon completion of the repair, processing or
reconditioning: Provided, That the Bureau shall require security equal to one
hundred percent (100%) of the duties, taxes and other charges thereon,
conditioned for the exportation thereof or payment of the corresponding duties,
taxes and other charges within six (6) months from the date of acceptance of the
goods declaration;

(e) Medals, badges, cups, and other small goods bestowed as trophies or prizes,
or those received or accepted as honorary distinction;

(f) Personal and household effects belonging to returning residents including

household appliances, jewelry, precious stones, and other goods of luxury which
were formally declared and listed before departure and identified under oath
before the District Collector when exported from the Philippines by such returning
residents upon their departure therefrom or during their stay abroad; personal
and household effects including wearing apparel, goods of personal adornment,
toilet goods, instruments related to one's profession and analogous personal or
household effects, excluding luxury items, vehicles, watercrafts, aircrafts and
animals purchased in foreign countries by residents of the Philippines which were
necessary, appropriate, and normally used for their comfort and convenience
during their stay abroad, accompanying them on their return, or arriving within a
reasonable time which, barring unforeseen and fortuitous events, in no case shall
exceed sixty (60) days after the owner's return.

For purposes of this section, the phrase returning residents shall refer to
nationals who have stayed in a foreign country for a period of at least six (6)
months. Returning residents shall have tax and duty exemption on personal and
household effects: Provided, That:

(1) It shall not be in commercial quantities;

(2) It is not intended for barter, sale or for hire; and

38
(3) Limited to the FCA or FOB value of:

(i) Three hundred fifty thousand pesos (350,000.00) for those who have stayed
in a foreign country for at least ten (10) years and have not availed of this
privilege within ten (10) years prior to returning resident's arrival;

(ii) Two hundred fifty thousand pesos (250,000.00) for those who have stayed
in a foreign country for a period of at least five (5) but not more than ten (10)
years and have not availed of this privilege within five (5) years prior to returning
resident's arrival; or

(iii) One hundred fifty thousand pesos (150,000.00) for those who have stayed
in a foreign country for a period of less than five (5) years and have not availed of
this privilege within six (6) months prior to returning resident's arrival.

Any amount in excess of the above-stated threshold shall be subject to the

corresponding duties and taxes under this Act.

Every three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Finance
shall adjust the amount herein stated to its present value using the CPI as
published by the PSA.

In addition to the privileges granted under the immediately preceding paragraph,

returning Overseas Filipino Workers (OPWs) shall have the privilege to bring in,
tax and duty-free, home appliances and other durables, limited to one of every
kind once in a given calendar year accomp anying them on their return, or
arriving within a reasonable time which, barring unforeseen and fortuitous events,
in no case shall exceed sixty (60) days after every returning OFW's return upon
presentation of their original passport at the port of entry: Provided, That any
amount in excess of FCA value of one hundred fifty thousand pesos
(150,000.00) for personal and household effects or of the number of duty-free
appliances as provided for under this section, shall be subject to the
corresponding taxes and duties;Provided, Further, That every three (3) years
after the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Finance shall adjust the amount
herein stated to its present value using the CPI as published by the PSA;

(g) Residents of the Philippines, OPWs or other Filipinos while residing abroad or
upon their return to the Philippines shall be allowed to bring in or send to their
families or relatives in the Philippines balikbayan boxes which shall be exempt
from applicable duties and taxes imposed under the NIRC of 1997, as
amended: Provided, That balikbayan boxes shall contain personal and
household effects only and shall neither be in commercial quantities nor intended
for barter, sale or for hire and that the FCA value of which shall not exceed one
hundred fifty thousand pesos (150,000.00); Provided, Further, That every three
(3) years after the effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Finance shall adjust the
amount herein stated to its present value using the CPI as published by the
PSA; Provided, Finally, That residents of the Philippines, OFWs or other Filipinos
can only avail of this privilege up to three (3) times in a calendar year. Any
amount in excess of the allowable non-dutiable value shall be subject to the
applicable duties and taxes;

(1) For purposes of this Act, OFWs referto Holders of valid passports duly issued
by the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and certified by the Department of
Labor and Employment (DOLE) or the Philippine Overseas Employment
Administration (POEA) for overseas employment purposes. They cover all

39
Filipinos, working in a foreign country under employment contracts, regardless of
their professions, skills or employment status in a foreign country; and (2)
Calendar Year refers to the period from January 1 to December 31.

(h) Wearing apparel, goods of personal adornment, toilet goods, portable tools
and instruments, theatrical costumes and similar effects accompanying travelers,
or tourists, or arriving within a reasonable time before or after their arrival in the
Philippines, which are necessary and appropriate for the wear and use of such
persons according to the nature of the journey, their comfort and
convenience; Provided, That this exemption shall not apply to goods intended for
other persons or for barter, sale or hire: Provided, However, That the Bureau
may require either a written commitment or a security in an amount equal to one
hundred percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes and other charges
thereon, conditioned for the exportation thereof or payment of the corresponding
duties, taxes and other charges within three (3) months from the date of
acceptance of the goods declaration:Provided, Further, That the Bureau may
extend the time for exportation or payment of duties, taxes and other charges for
a term not exceeding three (3) months from the expiration of the original period.

Personal and household effects and vehicles belonging to foreign consultants

and experts hired by, or rendering service to, the government, and their staff or
personnel and families accompanying them or arriving within a reasonable time
before or after their arrival in the Philippines, in quantities and of the kind
necessary and suitable to the profession, rank or position of the person importing
said items, for their own use and not for barter, sale or hire: Provided, That the
Bureau may require either a written commitment or a security in an amount equal
to one hundred percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes and other
charges thereon, upon the goods classified under this subsection; conditioned for
the exportation thereof or payment of the corresponding duties, taxes and other
charges within three (3) months after the expiration of their term or
contract; Provided, However, That the Bureau may extend the time for
exportation or payment of duties, taxes and other charges for a term not
exceeding three (3) months from the expiration of the original period;

(i) Professional instruments and implements, tools of trade, occupation or

employment, wearing apparel, domestic animals, and personal and household
effects belonging to persons coming to settle in the Philippines or Filipinos or
their families and descendants who are now residents or citizens of other
countries, such parties hereinafter referred to as overseas Filipinos, in quantities
and of the class suitable to the profession, rank or position of the persons
importing said items, for their own use and not for barter or sale, accompanying
such persons, or arriving within a reasonable time: Provided, That the Bureau
may, upon the production of satisfactory evidence that such persons are actually
coming to settle in the Philippines and that the goods are brought from their
former place of abode, exempt such goods from the payment of duties and
taxes; Provided, Further, That vehicles, vessels, aircrafts, machineries and other
similar goods for use in manufacture, shall not fall within this classification and
shall therefore be subject to duties, taxes and other charges;

(j) Goods used exclusively for public entertainment, and for display in public
expositions, or for exhibition or competition for prizes, and devices for projecting
pictures and parts and appurtenances thereof, upon identification, examination,
and appraisal and the giving of a security in an amount equal to one hundred
percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes and other charges thereon,
conditione d for exportation thereof or payment of the corresponding duties,

40
taxes and other charges within three (3) months from the date of acceptance of
the goods declaration: Provided, That the Bureau may extend the time for
exportation or payment of duties, taxes and other charges for a term not
exceeding three (3) months from the expiration of the original period; and
technical and scientific films when imported by technical, cultural and scientific
institutions, and not to be exhibited for profit:Provided, Further, That if any of the
films is exhibited for profit, the proceeds therefrom, shall be subject to
confiscation, in addition to the penalty providedamder this Act;

(k) Goods brought by foreign film producers directly and exclusively used for
making or recording motion picture films on location in the Philippines, upon their
identification, examination and appraisal and the giving of a security in an
amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes
and other charges thereon, conditioned for exportation thereof or payment of the
corresponding duties, taxes and other charges within three (3) months from the
date of acceptance of the goods declaration, unless extended by the District
Collector for another three (3) months; photographic and cinematographic films,
underdeveloped, exposed outside the Philippines by resident Filipino citizens or
by producing companies of Philippine registry where the principal actors and
artists employed for the production are Filipinos, upon affidavit by the importer
and identification that such exposed films are the same films previously exported
from the Philippines. As used in this paragraph, the terms actors and artists
include the persons operating the photographic camera or other photographic
and sound recording apparatus by which the film is made;

(l) Importations for the official use of foreign embassies, legations and other
agencies of foreign governments: Provided, That those foreign countries accord
like privileges to corresponding agencies of the Philippines. Goods imported for
the personal or family use of members and attaches of foreign embassies,
legations, consular officers and other representatives of foreign
governments; Provided,However, That such privilege shall be accorded under
special agreements between the Philippines and the countries which they
represent: Provided, Further, That the privilege may be granted only upon
specific instructions of the Secretary of Finance pursuant to an official request of
the DFA on behalf of members or attaches of foreign embassies, legations,
consular officers and other representatives of foreign governments;

(m) Imported goods donated to or, for the account of the Philippine government
or any duly registered relief organization, not operated for profit, for free
distribution among the needy, upon certification by theDSWD or the Department
of Education (DepED), or the Department of Health (DOH), as the case may be;

(n) Containers, holders and other similar receptacles of any material including
kraft paper bags for locally manufactured cement for export, including corrugated
boxes for bananas, mangoes, pineapples and other fresh fruits for export, except
other containers made of paper, paperboard and textile fabrics, which are of such
character as to be readily identifiable and/or reusable for shipment or
transportation of goods shall be delivered to the importer thereof upon
identification, examination and appraisal and the giving of a security in an
amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes
and other charges thereon, within six (6) months from the date of acceptance of
the goods declaration;

(o) Supplies which are necessary for the reasonable requirements of the vessel
or aircraft in its voyage or flight outside the Philippines, including goods

41
transferred from a bonded warehouse in any Customs District to any vessel or
aircraft engagedin foreign trade, for use or consumption of the passengers or its
crew on board such vessel or aircraft as sea or air stores; or goods purchased
abroad for sale on board a vessel or aircraft as saloon stores or air store
supplies; Provided, That any surplus or excess of such vessel or aircraft supplies
arriving from foreign ports or airports shall be dutiable;

() Goods and salvage from vessels recovered after a period of two (2) years
from the date of filing the marine protest or the time when the vessel was
wrecked or abandoned, or parts of a foreign vessel or its equipment, wrecked or
abandoned in Philippine waters or elsewhere: Provided, That goods and salvage
recovered within the said period of two (2) years shall be dutiable;

(q) Coffins or urns containing human remains, bones or ashes, used personal
and household effects (not merchandise) of the deceased person, except
vehicles, the FCA value of which does not exceed one hundred fifty thousand
pesos (150,000.00), upon identification as such: Provided, That every three (3)
years after the effectivity of this Act, the value herein stated shall be adjusted to
its present value using the CPI as published by the PSA;

(r) Samples of the kind, in such quantity and of such dimension or construction
as to render them unsaleable or of no commercial value; models not adapted for
practical use; and samples of medicines, properly marked sample-sale
punishable by law, for the purpose of introducing new goods in the Philippine
market and imported only once in a quantity sufficient for such purpose by a
person duly registered and identified to be engaged in that trade: Provided, That
importations under this subsection shall be previously authorized by the
Secretary of Finance: Provided, However, That importation of sample medicines
shall have been previously authorized by the Secretary of Health, and that such
samples are new medicines not available in the Philippines: Provided, Further,
That samples not previously authorized or properly marked in accordance with
this section shall be levied the corresponding tariff duty.

Commercial samples, except those that are not readily and easily identifiable as
in the case of precious and semi-precious stones, cut or uncut, and jewelry set
with precious or semi-precious stones, the value of any single importation of
which does not exceed FCA value of fifty thousand pesos (50,000.00) upon the
giving of a security in an amount equal to the ascertained duties, taxes and other
charges thereon, conditioned for the exportation of said samples within three (3)
months from the date of the acceptance of the goods declaration or in default
thereof, the payment of the corresponding duties, taxes and other
charges: Provided, That if the FCA value of any single consignment of such
commercial samples exceeds fifty thousand pesos (50,000.00), the importer
thereof may select any portion of the same not exceeding the FCA value of fifty
thousand pesos (50,000,00) for entry under the provision of this subsection,
and the excess of the consignment may be entered in bond, or for consumption,
as the importer may elect: Provided, Further, That every three (3) years after the
effectivity of this Act, the Secretary of Finance shall adjust the amount herein
stated to its present value using the CPI as published by the PSA.

(s) Animals, except race horses, and plants for scientific, experimental
propagation or breeding, andfor other botanical, zoological and national defense
purposes: Provided, That no live trees, shoots, plants, moss and bulbs, tubers
and seeds for propagation purposes may be imported under this section, except
by order of the government or other duly authorized

42
institutions; Provided, However, That the free entry of animals for breeding
purposes shall be restricted to animals of recognized breed, duly registered in
the record or registry established for that breed, and certified as such by the
Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI): Provided, Further, That the certification of such
record, and pedigree of such animal duly authenticated by the proper custodian
of such record or registry, shall be submitted to the District Collector, together
with the affidavit of the owner or importer that such animal is the animal
described in said certificate of record and pedigree: Provided, Finally, That the
animals and plants are certified by the NEDA as necessary for economic
development;

(t) Economic, technical, vocational, scientific, philosophical, historical and cultural

books or publications, and religious books like Bibles, missals, prayer books, the
Koran, Ahadith and other religious books of similar nature and extracts therefrom,
hymnal and hymns for religious uses;Provided, That those which may have
already been imported but are yet to be released by the Bureau at the effectivity
of this Act may still enjoy the privilege herein provided upon certification by the
DepED that such imported books and/or publications are for economic, technical,
vocational, scientific, philosophical, historical or cultural purposes or that the
same are educational, scientific or cultural materials covere d by the International
Agreement on Importation of Educational Scientific and Cultural Materials
(XAESCM) signed by the President of the Philippines on August 2, 1952, or other
agreements binding upon the Philippines. Educational, scientific and cultural
materials covered by international agreements or commitments binding upon the
Philippine government so certified by the DepED.

(u) Philippine goods previously exported from the Philippines and returned
without having been advanced in value, or improved in condition by any process
of manufacturing or other means, and upon which no drawback or bounty has
been allowed, including instruments and implements, tools of trade, machinery
and equipment, used abroad by Filipino citizens in the pursuit of their business,
occupation or profession; and foreign goods previously imported when returned
after haiffif been exported and loaned for use temporarily abroad solely for
exhibition, testing and experimentation, for scientific or educational purposes;
and foreign containers previously imported which have been used in packing
exported Philippine goods and returned empty if imported by or for the account of
the person or institution who exported them from the Philippines and not for sale,
barter or hire subject to identification: Provided, That Philippine goods falling
under this subsection upon which drawback or bounty have been allowed shall,
upon reimportation thereof, be subject to a duty under this subsection equal to
the amount of such drawback or bounty;

(v) Aircraft, equipment and machinery, spare parts, commissary and catering
supplies, aviation gas, fuel and oil, whether crude or refined except when directly
or indirectly used for domestic operations, and such other goods or supplies
imported by and for the use of scheduled airlines operating under congressional
franchise: Provided, That such goods or supplies are not locally available in
reasonable quantity, quality and price and are necessary or incidental to the
proper operation of the scheduled airline importing the same;

(w) Machineries, equipment, tools for production, plans to convert mineral ores
into saleable form, spare parts, supplies, materials, accessories, explosives,
chemicals, and transportation and communications facilities imported by and for
the use of new mines and old mines which resume operations, when certified to
as such by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural

43
Eesources (DENE), upon the recommendation of the Director of Mines and
Geosciences Bureau, for a period ending five (5) years from the first date of
actual commercial production of saleable mineral products: Provided, That such
goods are not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality and price and are
necessary or incidental in the proper operation of the mine; and aircrafts
imported by agro-industrial companies to be used by them in their agriculture and
industrial operations or activities, spare parts and accessories thereof, when
certified to as such by the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture (DA) or the
Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), as the case may be;

(x) Spare parts of vessels or aircraft of foreign registry engaged in foreign trade
when brought into the Philippines exclusively as replacements or for the
emergency repair thereof, upon proof satisfactory to the District Collector that
such spare parts shaft he utilized to secure the safety, seaworthiness or
airworthiness of the vessel or aircraft, to enable it to continue its voyage or flight;

(y) Goods exported from the Philippines for repair, processing or reconditioning
without having been substantially advanced in value, and subsequently
reimported in its original form and in the same state: Provided, That in case the
reimported goods advanced in value, whether or not in their original state, the
value added shall be subject to the applicable duty rate of the tariff heading of the
reimported goods; and

(z) Trailer chassis when imported by shipping companies for their exclusive use
in handling containerized cargo, upon posting a security in an amount equal to
one hundred percent (100%) of the ascertained duties, taxes and other charges
due thereon, to cover aperiod of one (1) year from the date of acceptance of the
entry, which period, for meritorious reasons, may be extended by the
Commissioner from year to year, subject to the following conditions:

(1) That they shall be properly identified and registered with the Land
Transportation Office (LTO);

(2) That they shall be subject to customs supervision fee to be fixed by the
District Collector and subject to the approval of the Commissioner;

(3) That they shall be deposited in the customs territory when not in use; and

(4) That upon the expiration of the period prescribed above, duties and taxes
shall be paid unless otherwise reexported.

(aa) Any officer or employee of the DEA, including any attache, civil or military or
member of the staff assigned to a Philippine diplomatic mission abroad by the
Department or any similar officer or employee of other departments assigned to
any Philippine consular office abroad, or any AFP military personnel accorded
assimilated diplomatic rank or on duty abroad who is returning from a regular
assignment abroad, for reassignment to the home office, or who dies, resigns, or
is retired from the service, after the approval of this Act, shall be exempt from the
payment of all duties and taxes on personal and household effects, including one
(1) motor car which must have been ordered or purchased prior to the receipt by
the mission or consulate of the order of recall, and which must be registered in
the name of the officer or employee: Provided, That this exemption shall apply
only to the value of the motor car and to the aggregate assessed value of the
personal and household effects, the latter not to exceed thirty percent (30%) of
the total amount received by the officer or employee in salary and allowances

44
during the latest assignment abroad, but not to exceed four (4)
years: Provided,However, That this exemption shall not be availed of more than
once every four (4) years: Provided,Further, That the officer or employee
concerned must have served abroad for not less than two (2) years.

The provisions of general and special laws, to the contrary notwithstanding,

including those granting franchises, there shall be no exemption whatsoever from
the payment of duties except as provided for in this Act; those granted to
government agencies, instrumentalities or government-owned or -controlled
corporations (GOCCs) with existing contracts, commitments, agreements, or
obligations with foreign countries requiring such exemption; those granted to
international institutions, associations or organizations entitled to exemption
pursuant to agreements or special laws; and those that may be granted by the
President upon prior recommendation of the NEDA in the interest of national
economic development.

CHAPTER 2
CUSTOMS WAREHOUSES

Section 801. Establishment and Supervision of Customs Bonded

Warehouses. When the business of the port requires such facilities, the District
Collector, subject to the approval of the Commissioner, shall designate and
establish warehouses for use as public and private bonded warehouses, yards,
or for other special purposes. All such warehouses and premises shall be subject
to the supervision of the District Collector who shall impose such conditions as
may be deemed necessary for the protection of the revenue, and of the goods
stored therein. In the exercise of the District Collector's supervisory functions
herein and in the Bureau's implementation of this chapter, existing contracts of
private operators with appropriate government agency or regulator, such as, but
not limited to, the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA), Subic Bay Metropolitan
Authority (SBMA) and Phividec Industrial Authority (1A) and their respective
authorities and powers already granted by law pertinent to such contracts, shall
not be impaired or adversely affected.

Goods manufactured in whole or in part of imported materials, and intended for

exportation, may be made and manufactured in a bonded manufacturing
warehouse subject to the following conditions;

(1) The manufacturer shall file sufficient security for the faithful observance of all
laws, rules and regulations applicable thereto;

(2) The application for the establishment of bonded warehouses must be made in
writing and filed with the customs officer, describing the premises, the location,
and capacity of the same, and the purpose for which the building is to be used,
pursuant to Section 804 of this Act;

(3) From the receipt of the application, the customs officer shall examine the
premises, evaluate its location, construction, and means provided for the
safekeeping of the goods;

(4) The customs officer may authorize the establishment of the customs bonded
warehouse, and accept a bond for its operation and maintenance if the applicant
was compliant with the prescribed requirements; and

(5) The operator of the bonded warehMse shall pay an annual supervision fee in
an amount to be fixed by the Commissioner.

45
Section 802. Types of Customs Bonded Warehouses (CBWs). Customs
bonded warehouses may be classified as either manufacturing or
nonmanufacturing.

Manufacturing customs bonded warehouse may be of the following types; (a)

miscellaneous customs bonded warehouse; (b) customs common bonded
warehouse; or (c) industry-specific bonded warehouse.

Nonmanufacturing customs bonded warehouse include; (a) public bonded

warehouse; (b) private bonded warehouse; or (c) other customs facilities.

Section 803. Types of Customs Facilities and Warehouses (CFWs). Customs

facilities and warehouses shall include:

(a) Container yard;

(b) Container freight station;

(c) Seaport warehouses; and

(d) Airport warehouses.

Subject to consultation with the NEDA and the DTI, and based on prevailing
economic circumstances, the Secretary of Finance may, upon the
recommendation of the Commissioner, create or dissolve certain types of
warehouses.

Section 804. Application for Operation of a Customs Warehouse. Application

for the establishment of CBW and CFW shall be filed with the District Collector
where the CBW or CFW is located, describing the premises, location, capacity
and purpose thereof.

Upon receipt of such application, the District Collector shall examine the
premises of such proposed warehouse, particularly its location, construction and
storage facilities. The District Collector, with the approval of the Commissioner,
may authorize the establishment of customs warehouses, and accept the
required security for its operation and maintenance. The operator of such CBW
and CFW shall pay an annual supervision fee, as determined by the
Commissioner.

Section 805. Responsibility of Operators. The operator of a CBW or CFW

shall comply with the customs requirements on establishment, security, suitability
and management, including stock-keeping and accounting of the goods, of the
CBW or CFW. Upon lawful demand, the operator of a CBW or CFW shall allow
authorized representatives of the Bureau access to the premises at a reasonable
time, and to all documents, books and records of accounts pertaining to the
operations of the CBW or CFW.

In case of loss of the goods stored in a CBW or CPW due to operator's gross
negligence or willful misconduct, the operator shall be liable for the payment of
duties and taxes due thereof. The government assumes no legal responsibility
over the safekeeping of goods stored in any customs warehouse, yard or
premises.

Section 806. Customs Control Over CBWs and CFWs. The Bureau shall, for
customs purposes, exercise control over, direct and manage CBWs and CFWs

46
pursuant to Section 303 of this Act and likewise over the goods thereat pursuant
to Section 301 of this Act: Provided, That the Bureau shall not be liable for any
loss or damage of the goods stored for safekeeping in any CBW, CFW, yard or
premises.

Section 807. Discontinuance of CBW and CFW. The use of any CBW and
CFW may be discontinued by the District Collector when conditions so warrant,
or upon receipt of a written request from the operator thereof: Provided, That all
the requirements of the laws and regulations have been complied with by said
operator. Where dutiable goods are stored in such premises, the same must be
removed at the risk and expense of the operator: Provided, However, That the
premises shall not be relinquished, and its use shall discontinued until after a
careful examination of the account of the warehouse shall have been made.
Discontinuance of the use of any warehouse shall be effective upon approval
thereof by the District Collector who shall, within ten (10) days, inform the
Commissioner of such action in writing.

Notice of discontinuance made by the operator shall not result in the discharge
from any duties, taxes, fees and other charges imposed on dutiable goods in said
warehouse.

Section 808. Warehousing Security on Goods Stored in CBWs. For goods

declared in the entry for warehousing in CBWs, the District Collector shall require
the importer to post a sufficient security equivalent to the computed duties, taxes
and other charges, conditioned upon the withdrawal of the goods within the
period prescribed by Section 811 of this Act or the payment of duties, taxes and
other charges and compliance with all importation requirements.

Section 809. Withdrawal of Goods from CBWs. Imported goods shall be

withdrawn from the CBWs when the necessary withdrawal permit has been filed,
together with any related document required by any provision of this Act and
other regulations.

Goods entered under sufficient security as provided in Section 1507 of this Act
may be withdrawn at any time for consumption, transit, or exportation. The
withdrawal must be made by the CBW operator or its duly authorized
representative.

Section 810. Release of Goods from CFWs. Imported goods shall be released
when the goods declaration is electronically lodged, together with any related
document required by any provision of this Act and other regulations. AH goods
entered into the CFWs shaH be subject to the filing of a goods declaration within
the period specified under Section 407 of this Act.

Section 811. Period of Storage in CBWs. Goods entered for warehousing may
remain in a CBW for a maximum period of one (1) year from the time of its arrival
thereat. For perishable goods, the storage period shaH be three (3) months from
the date of arrival, extendible for valid reasons, and upon written request, to
another three (3) months. Goods not withdrawn after the expiration of the
prescribed period shaHbe deemed as abandoned, as provided under Section
1129 of this Act.

The Commissioner shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Trade and Industry,
establish a reasonable storage period limit beyond one (1) year for bonded
goods for manufacturing and intended for export, the processing into finished

47
products of which requires a longer period based on industry standard and
practice, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Finance.

Section 812. Exemption from Duty of Goods in CBWs. Goods duly entered for
warehousing in CBWs shall be exempt from duty and tax within the allowed
period for storage unless withdrawn for consumption, exportation or transit to a
free zone or another CBW, in which case, such withdrawal will be subject to the
applicable rules and regulations on the liquidation of the warehousing entry.

Section 813. Records to be Kept by CBW Operators. An account shall be kept

by the Bureau of all goods delivered to a CBW, and a report shall be made by the
CBW operator containing a detailed statement of all imported goods entered and
withdrawn from the CBW. The Bureau shall specify the format of the report and
may require electronic submission.

All documents, books, and records of accounts concerning the operation of any
CBW shall, upon demand, be made available to the District Collector or the
representative of the District Collector for examination or audit. For record
purposes, all documents shall be kept for three (3) years.

CHAPTER 3
FREE ZONES

Section 814. When Goods are Admitted and Withdrawn. Imported goods shall
be admitted into a free zone when the goods declaration, together with required
documents as required by existing laws and regulations, are electronically lodged
with the Bureau and other relevant government authorities at the time of
admission.

Imported goods shall be withdrawn from the free zone for entry to the customs
territory when the goods declaration is electronically lodged, together with
required documents at the time of the withdrawal from the free zone.

Section 815. Exemption from Duty and Tax of Goods in Free Zones. Unless
otherwise provided by law and in accordance with the respective laws, rules and
regulations of the free zone authorities, goods admitted into a free zone shall not
be subject to duty and tax.

Section 816. Movement of Goods into and from Free Zones. The entry of
goods into a free zone, whether directly or through the customs territory, shall be
covered by the necessary goods declaration for admission or transit. Withdrawal
from the free zone into the customs territory shall be covered by the necessary
goods declaration for consumption or warehousing. Transfer of goods from one
free zone into another free zone shall likewise be covered by the necessary
transit permit. The implementing rules and regulations on the transit of goods
admitted into, exported from, withdrawn into the customs territory, and moved
between free zones shall be formulated and issued jointly by the Bureau and the
free zone authorities.

Section 817. Coordination With Free Zone Authority. To ensure compliance

with customs laws and regulations, the Bureau shall coordinate with the
governing authority of the free zone.

CHAPTER 4
STORES

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Section 818. Stores for Consumption. Stores for consumption shall include:

(a) Goods intended for use by the passengers and the crew on board vessels,
aircrafts, or trains, whether or not sold; and

(b) Goods necessary for the operation and maintenance of vessels, aircrafts, or
trains including fuel and lubricants but excluding spare parts and equipment
which are either on board upon arrival or are taken on board during the stay in
the customs territory of vessels, aircrafts, or trains used, or intended to be used,
in international traffic for the transport of persons for remuneration or for the
industrial or commercial transport of goods, whether or not for remuneration.

Section 819. Stores to be Taken Away. For purposes of this chapter, stores
to be taken away means goods for sale to the passengers and the crew of
vessels, aircrafts, or trains with a view to being landed, which are either on board
upon arrival or are taken on board during the stay in the customs territory of
vessels, aircrafts, or trains used, or intended to be used, in international traffic for
the transport of persons for remuneration or for the industrial or commercial
transport of goods, whether or not for remuneration.

Section 820. Exemption from Duties and Taxes of Stores. Customs treatment
of stores should apply uniformly, regardless of the country of registration or
ownership of vessels, aircraft, or trains. Stores which are carried in a vessel,
aircraft, or train arriving in the customs territory shall be exempted from import
duties and taxes provided that they remain on board. Stores for consumption by
the passengers and the crew imported as provisions on international express
vessels, aircrafts, or trains shall he exempted from import duties and
taxes: Provided, That:

(a) Such goods are purchased only in the countries crossed by the international
vessels and aircrafts in question; and

(b) Any duties and taxes chargeable on such goods in the country where they
were purchased are paid.

Stores necessary for the operation and maintenance of vessels, aircrafts, or

trains which are on board these means of transport shall be exempted from
import duties and taxes: Provided, Further, That they remain on board while
these means of transport are in the customs territory. The Bureau shall allow the
issue of stores for use on board during the stay of a vessel in the customs
territory in such quantities as the customs authority deems reasonable with due
regard to the number of the passengers and the crew and to the length of the
stay of the vessel in the customs territory. The Bureau should allow the issue of
stores for use on board by the crew while the vessel is undergoing repairs in a
dock or shipyard:Provided, Finally, That the duration of stay in a dock or shipyard
is considered to be reasonable.

When an aircraft is to land at one or more airports in the customs territory, the
Bureau should allow the issuance of stores for consumption on board both during
the stay of the aircraft at such intermediate airports and during its flight between
such airports.

The Bureau shall require a carrier to take appropriate measures to prevent any
unauthorized use of the stores including sealing of the stores, when necessary. It
shall require the removal of stores from the vessel, aircraft, or trains for storage

49
elsewhere during its stay in the customs territory only when the Bureau considers
it necessary.

Vessels, aircrafts, or trains which depart for an ultimate foreign destination shall
be entitled to take on board, exempted from duties and taxes, the following:

(1) Stores in such quantities as the Bureau deems reasonable with due regard to
the number of the passengers and the crew, to the length of the voyage or Sight,
and to any quantity of such stores already on board; and

(2) Stores necessary for the operation and maintenance of a vessel, aircraft, or
train, in such quantities as are deemed reasonable for operation and
maintenance during the voyage or flight, after due regard of the quantity of such
stores already on board.

Replenishment of stores that are exempted from duties and taxes shall be
allowed for vessels, aircrafts, or trains which have arrived in the customs territory,
and which need to replenish their stores for the journey to their final destination in
the customs territory, subject to the same conditions provided in this Chapter.

Section 821. Goods Declaration for Stores. When a declaration concerning

stores on board vessels arriving in the customs territory is required by the Bureau,
the information required shall be kept to the minimum and as may be necessary
for customs control.

The quantities of stores which are supplied to vessels during its stay in the
customs territory should be recorded on the required goods declaration
concerning stores.

The Bureau shall not require the presentation of a separate declaration of

remaining stores on board a vessel, an aircraft or a train. No separate declaration
concerning stores should be required upon departure of vessels from the
customs territory.

When a declaration is required concerning stores taken on board the vessels or

aircrafts upon departure from the customs territory, the information required shall
he kept to the minimum as may be necessary for customs control.

When a vessel, aircraft, or train arrives in the customs territory, stores on board
shall:

(a) Be cleared for consumption or placed under another customs procedure,

subject to compliance with the conditions and formalities applicable in each case;
or

(b) Subject to prior authorization by the Bureau, be transferred respectively to

another vessel, aircraft, or train assigned to an international route.

Title IX
Duty Drawback and Refund

CHAPTER 1
DUTY DRAWBACK

Section 900. Basis of Duty Drawback.

50
(A) On Fuel Used for Propulsion of Vessels. On all fuel imported into the
Philippines used for propulsion of vessels engaged in trade with foreign countries,
or in the coastwise trade, a refund or tax credit shall be allowed not exceeding
ninety-nine percent (99%) of the duty imposed by law upon such fuel, which shall
be paid or credited under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the
Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary of Finance.

(B) On Petroleum Oils and Oils Obtained from Bituminous Minerals, Crude,
Eventually Used for Generation of Electric Power and for the Manufacture of City
Gas. On petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous materials, crude oil
imported by nonelectric utilities, sold directly or indirectly, in the same form or
after processing, to electric utilities for the generation of electric power and for
the manufacture of city gas, a refund or tax credit shall be allowed not exceeding
fifty percent (50%) of the duty imposed by law upon such oils, which shall be paid
or credited under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the
Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary of Finance.

(C) On Goods Made from Imported Materials. Upon exportation of goods

manufactured or produced in the Philippines, including the packing, covering,
putting up, marking or labeling hereof either in whole or in part of the imported
materials for which duties have beenpaid, a refund or tax credit shall be allowed
for the duties paid on the imported materials so used including the packing,
covering, putting up, marking or labeling thereof subject to the following
conditions:

(1) The actual use of the imported materials in the production or manufacture of
the goods exported with their quantity, value, and amount of duties paid thereon,
should be established satisfactorily;

(2) The duties refunded or credited shall not exceed one hundred percent (100%)
of duties paid on the imported materials used;

(3) There is no determination by the NEDA of the requirement for certification on

nonavailability of locally-produced or manufactured competitive substitutes for
the imported materials used at the time of importation;

(4) The exportation shall be made within one (1) year after the importation of
materials used and daim of refund or tax credit shall be filed within six (6) months
from the date of exportation; and

(5) When two or more products result from the use of the same imported
materials, an apportionment shall be made on its equitable basis.

Section 901. Payment of Drawbacks. Eligible claims for refund or tax credit
shall be paid or granted by the Bureau to claimants within sixty (60) days after
receipt of properly accomplished claims: Provided, That a registered enterprise
under Republic Act No. 5186, otherwise known as the Investment Incentives
Act, or Republic Act No. 6135, otherwise known as the Export Incentives Act of
1970, which has previously enjoyed tax credits based on customs duties paid
onimported raw materials and supplies, shall not be entitled to a drawback under
this section with respect to the same importation subsequently processed and
reexported.

The Secretary of Finance may, upon the recommendation of the Commissioner,

promulgate rules and regulations allowing partial payments of drawbacks
pursuant to this section.

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Section 902. Prescription of Drawback Claim. A claim and application for a
drawback shall prescribe if it is not filed within one (1) year from the date of
importation in case of Section 900, paragraphs (A) and (B) and within one (1)
year from the date of exportation in the case of Section 900, paragraph (C),
subject to such rules and regulations as may be issued by the Commissioner,
upon approval of the Secretary of Finance.

CHAPTER 2
REFUND AND ABATEMENT

Section 903. Refund of Duties and Taxes. Refund shall be granted where it is
established that duties and taxes have been overcharged as a result of an error
in the assessment or goods declaration.

Where permission is given by the Bureau for goods originally declared for a
customs procedure with payment of duties and taxes to be placed under another
customs procedure, a refund shall be made of any duties and taxes charged in
excess of the amount due under the new procedure, subject to such regulation
issued for the purpose.

A refund shall not be granted if the amount of duties and taxes involved is less
than five thousand pesos (5,000.00); Provided, That the Secretary of Finance,
in consultation with the Commissioner, may adjust the minimum amount
specified in this Act, taking into account the CPI as published by the PSA.

Section 904. Abatement of Duties and Taxes. When goods have not yet been
released for consumption or have been placed under another customs procedure,
provided that no other offense or violation has been committed, the declarant
shall neither be required to pay the duties and taxes nor be entitled to refund
thereof in any of the following cases:

(a) When, at the request of the declarant, the goods are abandoned, or as
determined by the Bureau, the goods are destroyed or rendered commercially
valueless while under customs control. Any cost herein incurred shall be borne
by the declarant;

(b) When goods are destroyed or irrecoverably lost by accident or force majeure,
the remaining waste or scrap after destruction, if taken into consumption, shall be
subject to the duties and taxes that would be applicable on such waste or scrap if
imported in same state; and

(c) When there are shortages due to the nature of the goods.

Section 905. Abatement for Damage Incurred During Voyage.- Except as

otherwise provided, no abatement of duties shall be made on account of damage
incurred or deterioration suffered during the voyage of importation; and duties will
be assessed on the actual quantity imported as determined by the customs
officers concerned.

Section 906. Abatement or Refund of Duty on Missing Package. When any

package appearing on the manifest or bill of lading or airway bill is missing, an
abatement or refund of the duty shall he made if it is certified by the importer or
consignee, under pain of penalty for falsification or perjury, and upon production
of proof satisfactory to the Collector concerned, that the package in question has
not been unlawfully imported into the Philippines.

52
Section 907. Abatement or Refund for Deficiency in Contents of Packages. If,
upon opening of any package, a deficiency in the quantity of the goods is found
to exist based upon the invoice, such deficiency shall be certified, under pain of
penalty for falsification or perjury, by the customs officers concerned and upon
the production of proof showing that the shortage occurred before the arrival of
the goods in the Philippines. Upon sufficient proof thereof, the proper abatement
or refund of the duty shall be made.

Section 908. Abatement or Refund of Duties on Goods Lost or Destroyed After

Arrival. The Bureau may abate or refund the amount of duties accruing or paid
on any goods that have been lost due to injury, theft, destruction through fire or
through any other causes, upon satisfactory proof of the same, under any of the
following circumstances:

(a) While within the territory of any port of entry, prior to unloading under the
Bureaus supervision;

(b) While remaining in customs custody after unloading;

(c) While in transit from the port of entry to any port in the Philippines; and

(d) While released under sufficient security for export except in case of loss by
theft.

Section 909. Abatement and Refund of Defective Goods. Under conditions to

be set by the Commissioner, and with the approval of the Secretary of Finance,
an abatement and refund shall be granted on imported or exported goods which
are found defective or otherwise not in accordance with the agreed specifications
at the time of importation or exportation and are returned either to the supplier or
to another person designated by the supplier, subject to the following conditions:

(a) The goods have not been worked, repaired, or used in the country of
importation, and are reexported within a reasonable time; and

(b) The goods have not been worked, repaired, or used in the country to which
they were exported, and are reimported within a reasonable time.

Use of the goods shall, however, not hinder the refund if such use was
indispensable to discover the defects or other circumstances which caused the
reexportation or reimportation of the goods.

As an alternative to reexportation or reimportation, the goods may be expressly

abandoned or destroyed or rendered commercially valueless under customs
control as the Bureau may decide. In such case, the importer shall not be entitled
to an abatement or a refund if it does not defray the costs of such abandonment,
destruction, or rendition.

Section 910. Abatement of Duty on Dead or Injured Animals. Where it is

certified, under pain of penalty for falsification or perjury, and upon production of
proof satisfactory to the Bureau that an animal subject of importation dies or
suffers injury before arrival, or while in customs custody, the duty due thereon
shall be abated provided that its carcass on board or in customs custody is
removed in the manner required by the Bureau and at the expense of the
importer.

53
Section 911. Investigation Required in Case of Abatements and Refunds. The
Customs Officer concerned shall, in all cases of abatement or refund of duties,
submit an examination report as to any fact discovered which indicates any
discrepancy and cause the corresponding adjustment on the goods declaration.

Section 912. Refund Arising from Correction of Errors. Manifest clerical errors
made on an invoice or entry, errors in return of weight, measure and gauge,
when duly certified under penalties of falsification or perjury by the surveyor or
examining officer when there are such officers at the port, and errors in the
distribution of charges on invoices not involving any question of law and certified
under penalties of falsification or perjury by the examining customs officer, may
be corrected in the computation of duties, if such errors are discovered before
the payments of duties, or if discovered within one (1) year after release from
customs custody of imported goods upon written request and notice of error from
the importer, or upon statement of error certified by the District Collector, For the
purpose of correcting errors specified in the next preceding paragraph, the
Bureau is authorized to make refunds within the statutory time limit.

Section 913. Claims for Refund. All claims and application for refund of duties
and taxes shall be made in writing and filed with the Bureau within twelve (12)
months from the date of payment of duties and taxes.

If as a result of the refund of duties, a corresponding refund of internal revenue

taxes on the same importation becomes due, the Bureau shall cause the refund
of internal revenue taxes in favor of the importer after issuance of a certification
from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, when applicable.

The importer may file an appeal of a denial of a claim for refund or abatement,
whether it is a full or partial denial, with the Commissioner within thirty (30) days
from the date of the receipt of the denial. The Commissioner shall render a
decision within thirty (30) days from the receipt of all the necessary documents
supporting the application. Within thirty (30) days from receipt of the decision of
the Commissioner, the case may also be appealed to the CTA.

Notwithstanding the provisions in the preceding paragraphs, the filing of claims

for refund of national internal revenue taxes shall be governed by the provisions
provided under the NTRC of 1997, as amended.

Title X
Post Clearance Audit

Section 1000. Audit and Examination of Records. Within three (3) years from
the date of final payment of duties and taxes or customs clearance, as the case
may be, the Bureau may conduct an audit examination, inspection, verification,
and investigation of records pertaining to any goods declaration, which shall
include statements, declarations, documents, and electronically generated or
machine readable data, for the purpose of ascertaining the correctness of the
goods declaration and determining the liability of the importer for duties, taxes
and other charges, including any fine or penalty, to ensure compliance with this
Act.

Section 1001. Scope of the Audit. The audit of importers shall be conducted
when firms are selected by a computer-aided risk management system, the
parameters of which are to be based on objective and quantifiable data, subject

54
to the approval of the Secretary of Finance upon recommendation of the
Commissioner. The criteria for selecting firms to be audited shall include:

(a) Relative magnitude of customs revenue to be generated from the firm;

(b) The rates of duties of the firms imports;

(c) The compliance track records of the firm; and

(d) An assessment of the risk to revenue of the firms import activities.

Section 1002. Access to Records. Any authorized officer of the Bureau shall
be given by the importer and customs broker full and free access to the premises
where the records are kept, to conduct audit examination, inspection, verification,
and investigation of those records relevant to such investigation or inquiry.

A copy of any document certified by or on behalf of the importer is admissible in

evidence in all courts as if it were the original copy.

A customs officer is not entitled to enter the premises under this section unless,
before so doing, the officer produces to the person occupying or apparently in
charge of the premises written evidence of the fact of being duly authorized. The
person occupying or apparently in charge of the premises entered by an officer
shall provide the officer with all reasonable facilities and assistance for the
effective exercise of the officers authority under this section.

Unless otherwise provided herein or in other provisions of law, the Bureau may,
in case of disobedience, invoke the aid of the proper regional trial court within
whose jurisdiction the matter falls. The court may punish contumacy or refusal as
contempt. In addition, the fact that the importer or customs broker denies the
authorized customs officer full and free access to importation records during the
conduct of a post clearance audit shall create a presumption of inaccuracy in the
transaction value declared for their imported goods and constitute grounds for
the Bureau to conduct a reassessment of such goods.

In addition, the imposition of the appropriate criminal sanctions provided under

this Act and other administrative sanctions may be concurrently invoked against
contumacious importers, including the suspension of the delivery or release of
their imported goods.

Section 1003. Requirement to Keep Records.

(a) All importers are required to keep at their principal place of business, in the
manner prescribed by regulations to be issued by the Commissioner and for a
period of three (3) years from the date of final payment of duties and taxes or
customs clearance, as the case may be, all records pertaining to the ordinary
course of business and to any activity or information contained in the records
required by this title in connection with any such activity.

For purposes of the post clearance audit and Section 1005 of this Act, the term
importer shall include the following:

(1) Importer-of-record or consignee, owner or declarant, or a party who:

55
(i) Imports goods into the Philippines or withdraws such goods into the Philippine
customs territory for consumption or warehousing; files a claim for refund or
drawback; or transports or stores such goods carried or held under security; or

(ii) Knowingly causes the importation or transportation or storage of imported

goods referred to above, or the filing of refund or drawback claim.

(2) An agent of any party described in paragraph (1); or

(3) A person whose activities require the filing of a goods declaration.

A person ordering imported goods from a local importer or supplier in a domestic

transaction shall be exempted from the requirements imposed by this section
unless:

(1) The terms and conditions of the importation are controlled by the person
placing the order; or

(2) The circumstances and nature of the relationship between the person
pladngthe order and the importer or supplier are such that the former may be
considered as the beneficial or true owner of the imported goods; or

(3) The person placing the order had prior knowledge that they will be used in the
manufacture or production of the imported goods.

(b) All parties engaged in customs clearance and processing are required to
keep at their principal place of business, in the manner prescribed by regulations
to be issued by the Commissioner and for a period of three (3) years from the
date of filing of the goods declaration, copies of the aboveraentioned records
covering the transactions handled.

(c) Locators or persons authorized to bring imported goods into free zones, such
as the special economic zones and free ports, are required to keep subject-
records of all its activities, including in whole or in part, records on imported
goods withdrawn from said zones into the customs territory for a period of three
(3) years from the date of filing of the goods declaration.

Failure to keep the records required by this Act shall constitute a waiver of this
right to contest the results of the audit based on records kept by the Bureau.

Section 1004. Power of the Commissioner to Obtain Information and Issue

Summons. For the effective implementation of the post clearance audit
functions of the Bureau, the Commissioner is hereby authorized to:

(a) Obtain on a regular basis from any person, in addition to the person who is
the subject of a post clearance audit or investigation, or from any office or officer
of the national and local governments, government agencies and
instrumentalities, including the BSP and GOCCs, any information such as costs
and volume of production, receipts or sales and gross income of taxpayers, and
the names, addresses, and financial statements of corporations, regional
operating headquarters of multinational companies, joint accounts, associations,
joint ventures or consortia and registered partnerships, and their members,
whose business operations or activities are directly or indirectly involved in the
importation or exportation of imported goods or products manufactured from
imported component materials;

56
(b) Summon the person liable for duties and taxes or required to file goods
declaration, or any officer or employee of such person, or any person having
possession, custody, or care of the books of accounts and other accounting
records containing entries relating to the business of the person liable for duties
and taxes, or any other person, to appear before the Commissioner or the duly
authorized representative at a time and place specified in the summons and to
produce such books, papers, records, or other data, and to give testimony;

(c) Take such testimony of the person concerned, under oath, as maybe relevant
or material to such inquiry; or

(d) Obtain information from banks or other financial institutions on commercial

documents and records pertaining specifically to payments relevant to import
transaction.

The provisions of the foregoing paragraphs notwithstanding, nothing in this

section shall be construed as granting the Commissioner the authority to inquire
into bank deposits of persons or entities mentioned in this Title.

Section 1005. Failure to Pay Correct Duties and Taxes on Imported Goods.
Any person who, after being subjected to post clearance audit and examination
as provided in Section 1000 of this Act, is found to have incurred deficiencies in
duties and taxes paid for imported goods, shall be penalized according to two (2)
degrees of culpability subject to any mitigating, aggravating, or extraordinary
factors that are clearly established by available evidence as described hereunder:

(a) Negligence. When a deficiency results from an offender's failure, through

an act or acts of omission or commission, to exercise reasonable care and
competence in ensuring that a statement made is correct, the offender shall be
charged for committing negligence, and, if found guilty shall be penalized with a
fine equivalent to one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the revenue
loss;Provided, That subject to Section 108 of this Act, no substantial p enalty
shall be imposed on an inadvertent error amounting to simple negligence, as
defined by rules promulgated by the Secretary of Finance, upon recommendation
of the Commissioner;

(b) Fraud. When the material false statement or act in connection with the
transaction was committed or omitted knowingly, voluntarily and intentionally, as
established by dear and convincing evidence, the offender who is charged for
committing fraud and Is found guilty thereof, shall be penalized with a fine
equivalent to six (6) times of the revenue loss and/or imprisonment of not less
than two (2) years, but not more than eight (8) years.

The decision of the Commissioner, upon proper hearing, to impose penalties as

prescribed in this section may be appealed in accordance with Section 1104 of
this Act.

Section 1006. Records to be Kept by the Bureau. The Bureau shall keep a
database of importer and broker profiles which shall include a record of audit
results and the following information and papers:

(a) Articles of Incorporation;

(b) The company structure, which shall include, but not limited to, incorporators
and board of directors, key officers, and organizational structure;

57
(c) Key importations;

(d) Privileges enjoyed;

(e) Penalties; and

(f) Risk categories.

The Bureau shall furnish the BIR and the DOF a copy of the final audit results
within thirty (30) days from the issuance thereof.

Title XI
Administrative and Judicial Procedures

CHAPTER 1
ADVANCE RULING AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

Section 1100. Classification Ruling. An importer or exporter may file a written

application for an advance ruling on the tariff classification of goods with the
Commission. The Commission shall render a ruling within thirty (30) days from
receipt of a properly documented application.

When a declared tariff classification of goods, not subject of a pending

application for advance ruling, is in dispute, the importer, exporter, or the Bureau
shall submit the matter to the Commission for a ruling, without prejudice to the
application of Section 1106 of this Act on protest: Provided, That such rulings of
the Commission on commodity classification shall be binding upon the Bureau,
unless the Secretary of Finance shall rule otherwise.

Section 1101. Valuation Ruling. An importer or exporter may file a written

application for an advance valuation ruling on the proper application of a specific
method on customs valuation of specific goods as prescribed in Title VII, Chapter
1 of this Act.

The application for a valuation ruling shall be filed with the Commissioner who
shall issue a ruling within thirty (30) days from submission of the application form
and supporting documents as may be required by rules and regulations.

When the valuation method of goods not subject of an application for advance
valuation ruling or the declared customs value is in dispute, the matter shall be
resolved in accordance with Section 1106 of this Act on protest.

Section 1102. Ruling on the Rules of Origin. An importer or exporter may file a
written application for a ruling on whether the goods qualify as originating under
the rules of origin of the applicable preferential trade agreement. The application
for an advance ruling on origin shall be filed with the Commissioner who shall act
on the application within thirty (30) days from receipt of the application and
supporting documents as may be required by rules and regulations.

When the declared origin of the goods, not subject of a request for advance
ruling on origin, is in dispute, the matter shall be resolved in accordance with
Section 1106 of this Act on protest.

Section 1103. Conditions for Application and Effect of Advance Ruling. An

application for an advance ruling shall cover only one (1) product or item. The

58
application for advance ruling shall be filed at least ninety (90) days before the
importation or exportation of the product or item, as the case may be.

Section 1104. Administrative and Judicial Appeals. An aggrieved party may,

within thirty (30) days from receipt of an adverse ruling or decision, appeal the
same to the CTA without prejudice to the authority of the Secretary of Finance to
review decisions adverse to the government in accordance with Sections 1127
and 1128 of this Act, as the case may be.

Section 1105. Implementing Rules and Regulations. The Secretary of Finance,

upon the recommendation of the Bureau and the Commission, shall promulgate
rules and regulations to implement the preceding provisions on advance ruling.

CHAPTER 2
PROTEST

Section 1106. Protest. When, a ruling or decision of the District Collector or

customs officer involving goods with valuation, rules of origin, and other customs
issues is made, except the fixing of fines in seizure cases, the party adversely
affected may appeal by way of protest against such ruling or decision by
presenting to the Commissioner at the time when payment of the amount claimed
to be due the government is made, or within fifteen (15) days thereafter, a written
protest setting forth the objection to the ruling or decision in question and the
reasons therefore.

Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Finance, the Commissioner shall

provide such rules and regulations as to the requirement for payment or
nonpayment of the disputed amount and in case of nonpayment, the release of
the importation under protest upon posting of sufficient security.

Section 1107. Protest Exclusive Remedy in Protestable Case. In all cases

subject to protest, the interested party who desires to have the action of the
District Collector reviewed, shall file a protest as provided in Section 1106 of this
Act, otherwise the action of the District Collector shall be final and conclusive.

Section 1108. Form and Scope of Protest. A protest shall be filed in

accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations promulgated under this
section. It shall specify the particular decision or ruling of the District Collector for
which protest is being made, and shall indicate the particular ground or grounds
upon which the protesting party bases the claim for relief. The scope of a protest
shall be limited to the particular goods subject of a goods declaration, but any
number of issues may be raised in a protest with reference to the goods
declaration constituting the subject matter of the protest.

Section 1109. Samples to be Furnished by Protesting Parties. If the nature of

the goods permit, importers filing protests involving questions offset must, upon
demand, present to the Commissioner samples of the goods which are the
subject matter of the protest. The samples of the goods shall be verified by the
customs officer who made the classification against which the protests are filed.

Section 1110. Decision in Protest. When a protest is filed in proper form, the
Commissioner shall render a decision within thirty (30) days from receipt of the
protest. In case the protest is sustained, in whole or in part, the appropriate order
shall be made, and the entry reassessed, if necessary.

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 CHAPTER 3
ALERT ORDERS

Section 1111. Alert Orders. Alert orders are written orders issued by customs
officers as authorized by the Commissioner on the basis of derogatory
information regarding possible noncompliance with this Act. An alert order will
result in the suspension of the processing of the goods declaration and the
conduct of physical or nonintrusive inspection of the goods within forty-eight (48)
hours from issuance of the order. Within forty-eight (48) hours or, in the case of
perishable goods, within twenty-four (24) hours from inspection, the alerting
officer shall recommend the continuance of processing of goods in case of a
negative finding, or issuance of a warrant of seizure and detention if a
discrepancy between the declaration and actual goods is found. The Bureaus
information system shall immediately reflect the imposition or lifting of an alert
order.

Derogatory information shall indicate the violations and other necessary specifics
thereof. For this purpose, the following shall not be considered derogatory
information:

(a) General allegations of misclassification without providing the appropriate tariff

heading and duty of the shipment to be alerted;

(b) General allegations of misclassification without providing the appropriate tariff

heading and duty of the shipment to be alerted;

(c) General allegations of over-quantity without indicating the source of

information supporting the allegation;

(d) General allegations of misdeclaration in the entry without indicating the

suspected actual contents thereof; and

(e) General allegations of importations contrary to law without indicating the

specific law or rule to be violated.

No alert order shall be issued on account of allegations of undervaluation unless

said undervaluation is caused by the submission to customs of forged or
spurious invoice or other commercial documents.

An alert order may be issued only after lodgement of the goods declaration and
prior to the release of goods from customs custody. Under no circumstances
shall the suspension of the processing of goods declaration be allowed except
through an alert order issued by an authorized customs officer.

The costs of the physical inspection shall be borne by the Bureau: Provided, That
such cost shall be reimbursed by the owner prior to the release of the goods if
the physical inspection results in the assessment of additional duties or taxes or
the issuance of a warrant of seizure.

The Commissioner shall be notified of the recommendation by the alerting officer

within twenty-four (24) hours from the issuance of the alert order. Alert orders
shall be dated and assigned a unique reference number in series which shall be
the basis for reporting to and monitoring by the Commissioner and the Secretary
of Finance.

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The Bureau shall create a central clearing house for alert orders and shall submit
reports quarterly on the status thereof.

Section 1112. Alert Orders on Perishable Goods. When the subject of the alert
order are perishable goods, the Bureau shall attach to the recommendation a
certificate stating that the goods are perishable.

CHAPTER 4
SEIZURE AND FORFEITURE

Section 1113. Property Subject to Seizure and Forfeiture. Property that shall
be subject to seizure and forfeiture include:

(a) Any vehicle, vessel or aircraft, including cargo, which shall be used unlawfully
in the importation or exportation of goods or in conveying or transporting
smuggled goods in commercial quantities into or from any Philippine port or
place. The mere carrying or holding on board of smuggled goods in commercial
quantities shall subject such vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or any other craft to
forfeiture:Provided, That the vehicle, vessel, aircraft or any other craft is not used
as a common carrier which has been chartered or leased for purposes of
conveying or transporting persons or cargo;

(b) Any vessel engaging in the coastwise trade which shaft have on board goods
of foreign growth, produce, or manufacture in excess of the amount necessary
for sea stores, without such goods having been properly entered or legally
imported;

(c) Any vessel or aircraft into which shall be transferred cargo unloaded contrary
to law prior to the arrival of the importing vessel or aircraft at the port of
destination;

(d) Any part of the cargo, stores, or supplies of a vessel or aircraft arriving from a
foreign port which is unloaded before arrival at the vessels or aircrafts port of
destination and without authority from the customs officer; but such cargo, ship,
or aircraft stores and supplies shall not be forfeited if such unloading was due to
accident, stress of weather, or other necessity and is subsequently approved by
the District Collector;

(e) Goods which are fraudulently concealed in or removed contrary to law from
any public or private warehouse, container yard, or container freight station under
customs supervision;

(f) Goods, the importation or exportation of which are effected or attempted

contrary to law, or any goods of prohibited importation or exportation, and all
other goods which, in the opinion of the District Collector, have been used, are or
were entered to be used as instruments in the importation or the exportation of
the former;

(g) Unmanifested goods found on any vessel or aircraft if manifest therefor is

required;

(h) Sea stores or aircraft stores adjudged by the District Collector to be excessive,
when the duties and taxes assessed by the District Collector thereon are not paid
or secured forthwith upon assessment of the same;

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(i) Any package of imported goods which is found upon examination to contain
goods not specified in the invoice or goods declaration including all other
packages purportedly containing imported goods similar to those declared in the
invoice or goods declaration to be the contents of the misdeclared package;

(j) Boxes, cases, trunks, envelopes, and other containers of whatever character
used as receptacle or as device to conceal goods which are subject to forfeiture
under this Act or which are so designed as to conceal the character of such
goods;

(k) Any conveyance actually used for the transport of goods subject to forfeiture
under tbis Act, with its equipage or trappings, and any vehicle similarly used,
together with its equipment and appurtenances. The mere conveyance of
smuggled goods by such transport vehicle shall be sufficient cause for the
outright seizure and confiscation of such transport vehicle but the forfeiture shall
not be effected if it is established that the owner of the means of conveyance
used as aforesaid, is engaged as common carrier and not chartered or leased, or
that the agent in charge thereof at the time, has no knowledge of the unlawful act;
and

(l) Goods sought to be imported or exported:

(1) Without going through a customs office, whether the act was consummated,
frustrated, or attempted;

(2) Found in the baggage of a person arriving from abroad and undeclared by
such person;

(3) Through a false declaration or affidavit executed by the owner, importer,

exporter, or consignee concerning the importation of such goods;

(4) On the strength of a false invoice or other document executed by the owner,
importer, exporter, or consignee concerning the importation or exportation of
such goods; or

(5) Through any other practice or device contrary to law by means of which such
goods entered through a customs office to the prejudice of the government.

Section 1114. Properties not Subject to Forfeiture in the Absence of Prima Facie
Evidence. The forfeiture of the vehicle, vessel, or aircraft shall not be effected if
it is established that the owner thereof or the agent in charge of the meads of
conveyance used as aforesaid has no knowledge of or participation in the
unlawful act: Provided, That a prima facie presumption shall exist against the
vehicle, vessel, or aircraft under any of the following circumstances:

(a) If the conveyance has been used for smuggling before;

(b) If the owner is not in the business for which the conveyance is generally used;
and

(c) If the owner is not financially in a position to own such conveyance.

Section 1115. Conditions Affecting Forfeiture of Goods. The forfeiture shall be

effected only when and while the goods are in the custody or within the
jurisdiction of customs officers, or in the possession or custody of or subject to
the control of the importer, exporter, original owner, consignee, agent of another

62
person effecting the importation, entry or exportation in question, or in the
possession or custody of or subject to the control of persons who shall receive,
conceal, buy, sell, or transport the same, or aid in any of such acts, with
knowledge that the goods were imported, or were the subject of an attempt at
importation or exportation contrary to law.

Section 1116. Seizure or Release of Goods. The District Collector shall issue
an order of release or a warrant of seizure within five (5) days, or two (2) days in
case of perishable goods, upon the recommendation of the alerting officer or any
other customs officer. The District Collector shall immediately make a report of
such seizure or release to the Commissioner.

Section 1117. Warrant of Seizure or Order of Release. The District Collector

shall have the authority to issue a warrant of seizure of the goods upon
determination of the existence of probable cause and in case of nonexistence
thereof, the issuance of order of release. In case the District Collector issued an
order of release, the District Collector shall immediately transmit all the records to
the Commissioner who shall automatically review within forty-eight (48) hours, or
within twenty-four (24) hours in case of perishable goods. When no decision is
made by the Commissioner within the prescribed period, the imported goods
shall be deemed released.

The lifting of the alert order shall he issued by the District Collector only upon the
affirmation of the decision of the District Collector by the Commissioner, or after
the lapse of the period of review by the Commissioner, whichever is earlier.

Section 1118. Sale of Perishable Goods During Forfeiture Proceedings. Upon

motion of the importer of the perishable goods, the goods may be sold at a public
auction during the pendency of the forfeiture proceedings. The proceeds of the
auction shall be held in escrow until the final resolution of the proceedings.

Section 1119. Service of Warrant of Seizure. The District Collector shall cause
the service of warrant of seizure to the owner or importer of the goods or the
authorized representative thereof. The owner or importer shall be given, an
opportunity to be heard during the forfeiture proceedings.

For the purpose of serving the warrant, the importer, consignee, or person
holding the bill of lading or airway bill shall be deemed the owner of the goods.
For the same purpose, authorized representative shall include any agent of the
owner and if the owner or the agent is unknown, any person having possession
of the goods at the time of the seizure.

Service of warrant to an unknown owner shall be effected by posting the warrant

for fifteen (15) days in a public place at the concerned district, and by electronic
or printed publication.

Section 1120. Description, Classification and Valuation of Seized Goods. The

District Collector shall cause the preparation of a list and particular description,
classification, and valuation of the goods seized and valuation of identical or
similar goods.

Section 1121. Proceedings in Case of Property Belonging to Unknown

Parties. If, within fifteen (15) days after service of warrant, no owner or agent
can he found or appears before the District Collector, the seized goods shall be
forfeited ipso facto in favor of the government to be disposed of in accordance
with this Act.

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Section 1122. Seizure of Vessel or Aircraft for Delinquency of Owner or
Officer. When the owner, agent, master, pilot in command or other responsible
officer of any vessel or aircraft becomes liable for any violation of this Act, the
vessel or aircraft may be seized and be subjected to forfeiture proceedings for
the settlement of any fine or penalty for which such person is liable. In
determining whether or not to seize a vessel or aircraft, the Bureau shall take into
account the amount of fine or penalty in relation to the commercial impact that be
caused to international trade by the seizure or detention as well as the value of
the vessel or aircraft.

Section 1123. Burden of Proof in Forfeiture Proceedings. In all proceedings for

the forfeiture of any vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or goods under this Act, the burden
of proof shall be borne by the claimant.

Section 1124. Settlement of Pending Seizure Case by Payment of Fine or

Redemption of Forfeited Goods. Subject to the approval of the Commissioner,
the District Collector may allow the settlement by payment of fine or the
redemption of forfeited goods, during the course of the forfeiture proceeding.
However, the Commissioner may accept the settlement by redemption of any
forfeiture case on appeal. No settlement by payment of fine shall be allowed
when there is fraud or when the discrepancy in duties and taxes to be paid
between what is determined and what is declared amounts to more than thirty
percent (30%).

In case of settlement by payment of fine, the owner, importer, exporter, or

consignee or agent shall offer to pay a fine equivalent to thirty percent (30%) of
the landed cost of the seized goods. In case of settlement by redemption, the
owner, importer, exporter, or consignee or agent shall offer to pay the redeemed
value equivalent to one hundred percent (100%) of the landed cost.

Upon payment of the fine or payment of the redeemed value, the goods shall be
released and all liabilities which may attach to the goods shall be discharged
without prejudice to the filing of administrative or criminal case.

Settlement of any seizure case by payment of the fine or redemption of forfeited

goods shall not be allowed when there is fraud, or where the importation is
prohibited or the release of the goods is contrary to law.

Section 1125. Decision in Forfeiture Cases. In forfeiture cases, the District

Collector shall issue an order for hearing within fifteen (15) days, or five (5) days
in case of perishable goods, from issuance of the warrant. The District Collector
shall render a decision within thirty (30) days upon termination of the hearing, or
within ten (10) days in case of perishable goods. The decision shall include a
declaration of forfeiture, the imposition of a fine or such other action as may be
proper.

CHAPTER 5
APPEAL IN PROTEST AND FORFEITURE CASES

Section 1126. Appeal to the Commissioner. In forfeiture cases, the person

aggrieved by the decision of a District Collector may, within fifteen (15) days or
five (5) days in case of perishable goods, from receipt of the decision, file a
written notice of appeal, together with the required appeal fee to the District
Collector, furnishing a copy to the Commissioner. The District Collector shall
immediately transmit all the records of the proceedings to the Commissioner,

64
who shall review and decide on the appeal within thirty (30) days from receipt of
the records, or fifteen (15) days in the case of perishable goods: Provided, That if
within thirty (30) days, no dedsionis rendered, the decision of the District
Collector under appeal shall be deemed affirmed. An appeal filed beyond the
period herein prescribed shall be dismissed.

Appeals to protest cases shall be governed by Section 114 of this Act.

The decision of the Commissioner may be served through the recognized modes
of service under existing law.

Section 1127. Automatic Review in Forfeiture Cases. The Commissioner shall

automatically review any decision by the District Collector adverse to the
government. The entire records of the case shall be elevated within five (5) days
from the promulgation of the decision. The Commissioner shall decide on the
automatic review within thirty (30) days, or within ten (10) days in the case of
perishable goods, from receipt of the records. When no decision is rendered
within the prescribed period or when a decision adverse to the government is
rendered by the Commissioner involving goods with FOB or FCA value of ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00) or more, the records of the decision of the
Commissioner, or of the District Collector under review, as the case may be,
shall be automatically elevated within five (5) days for review by the Secretary of
Finance. The decision issued by the Secretary of Finance, whether or not a
decision was rendered by the Commissioner within thirty (30) days, or within ten
(10) days in the case of perishable goods, from receipt of the records, shall be
final upon the Bureau.

Section 1128. Automatic Review by the Secretary of Finance in Other Cases.

In cases not involving protest or forfeiture, the Commissioner shall automatically
review any decision by the District Collector that is adverse to the government.
The records of the case shall be elevated to the Commissioner within five (5)
days from the promulgation of the decision. The Commissioner shall decide on
the automatic review within thirty (30) days from receipt of the records, or within
ten (10) days in the case of perishable goods. When no decision is rendered
within the prescribed period or when any decision rendered by the Commissioner
is adverse to the government, the records of the case under review shall be
automatically elevated within five (5) days for the review of the Secretary of
Finance. The decision issued by the Secretary of Finance, whether or not a
decision was rendered by the Commissioner within thirty (30) days from receipt
of the records, or within ten (10) days in the case of perishable goods, shall be
final upon the Bureau.

CHAPTER 6
ABANDONMENT

Section 1129. Abandonment, Kinds and Effects of. Imported goods are
deemed abandoned under any of the following circumstances;

(a) When the owner, importer, or consignee of the imported goods expressly
signifies in writing to the District Collector the intention to abandon the same; or

(b) When the owner, importer, consignee, or interested party after due notice,
falls to file the goods declaration within the prescribed period in Section 407 of
this Act; Provided, That the term goods declaration shall include provisional or
incomplete goods declaration deemed valid by the Bureau as provided in Section

65
403 of this Act. For this purpose, it is the duty of the District Collector to post a list
of all packages discharged and their consignees, whether electronically or
physically in the District Office, or send a notice to the consignee within five (5)
days from the date of discharge; or

(c) Having filed such goods declaration, the owner, importer, consignee or
interested party after due notice, fails to pay the assessed duties, taxes and other
charges thereon, or, if the regulated goods failed to comply with Section 117 of
this Act, within fifteen (15) days from the date of final assessment:Provided, That
if such regulated goods are subject of an alert order and the assessed duties,
taxes and other charges thereof are not paid within fifteen (15) days from
notification by the Bureau of the resolution of the alert order, the same shall also
be deemed abandoned; or

(d) Having paid the assessed duties, taxes and other charges, the owner,
importer or consignee or interested party after due notice, fails to claim the goods
within thirty (30) days from payment. For this purpose, the arrastre or warehouse
operator shall report the unclaimed goods to the District Collector for disposition
pursuant to the provisions of this Act; or

(e) When the owner or importer fails to claim goods in customs bonded
warehouses within the prescribed period.

The due notice requirement under this section may be provided by the Bureau
through electronic notice or personal service; Provided, That for non-regular
importers, notification shall be by registered mail or personal service. For tins
purpose, the accreditation of importers, exporters, and other third parties shall
indude provision for mandatory receipt of electronic notices.

Section 1130. Treatment and Disposition of Abandoned Goods. Expressly

abandoned goods under paragraph (a) of Section 1129 of this Act shall ipso
facto be deemed the property of the government and shall be disposed of in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.

If the Bureau has not disposed of the abandoned goods, theowner or importer of
goods impliedly abandoned may, at any time within thirty (30) days after the
lapse of the prescribed period to file the declaration, reclaim the goods provided
that all legal requirements have been complied with and the corresponding duties,
taxes and other charges, without prejudice to charges and fees due to the port or
terminal operator, as well as expenses incurred have been paid before the
release of the goods from customs custody.

When the Bureau sells goods which have been impliedly abandoned, although
no offense has been discovered, the proceeds of the sale, after deduction of any
duty and tax and all other charges and expenses incurred as provided in Section
1143 of this Act, shall be turned over to those persons entitled to receive them or,
when this is not possible, held at their disposal for a specified period. After the
lapse of the specified period, the balance shall be transferred to the forfeiture
fund as provided in Section 1151 of this Act.

CHAPTER 7
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS

Section 1131. Authority of the Commissioner to Make Compromise. Subject to

the approval of the Secretary of Finance, the Commissioner may compromise
any administrative case arising under this Act involving the imposition of fines

66
and surcharges, including those arising from the conduct of a post clearance
audit, unless otherwise specified by law.

Cases involving forfeiture proceedings shall however not be subject to any

compromise.

CHAPTER 8
CIVIL REMEDIES FOR THE COLLECTION OF DUTIES AND TAXES

Section 1132. Remedies for the Collection of Duties, Taxes, Fines, Surcharges,
Interests, and Other Charges. The civil remedies for the collection of import
duties, taxes, fees, or charges resulting from the conduct of a post clearance
audit shall be obtained by:

(a) Distraint of goods, chattels, or effects, and other personal property of

whatever character, including stocks and other securities, debts, credits, bank
accounts, and interest in and rights to personal property, and by levy upon real
property and interest in rights to real property; and

(b) Civil or criminal action.

Either or both of these remedies may be pursued at the discretion of the

Bureau; Provided, That the remedies of distraint and levy shall not be allowed
when the amount of duties and taxes involved is not more than ten thousand
pesos (10,000.00).

The Bureau shall advance the amounts needed to defray costs of collection by
means of civil or criminal action, including the preservation or transportation of
personal property distrained and the advertisement and sale thereof as well as of
real property and improvements thereon.

Section 1133. Constructive Distraint of the Property. To safeguard the interest

of the government, the Commissioner may place under constructive distraint the
property of a delinquent importer who, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is
retiring from any business subject to duty and tax, or is intending to leave the
Philippines, or to remove the property therefrom, or to hide or conceal the
property, or to perform any act tending to obstruct the proceedings for collecting
the duty and tax due, or which may be due.

The constructive distraint of personal property shall be effected by requiring the

importer or any person in possession or control of such property to sign a receipt
covering the property, to obligate to preserve the distrained property on the state
and condition at the time of the government's seizure of the same, and not to
dispose of the same in any manner whatsoever, without the express authority of
the Commissioner.

In case the importer or the person in possession and control of the property
sought to be placed under constructive distraint refuses or fails to sign the receipt
herein referred to, the customs officer effecting the constructive distraint shall
proceed to prepare a list of such property and, in the presence of two (2)
witnesses, leave a copy thereof in the premises where the property distrained is
located, after which the said property shall be deemed to have been placed
under constructive distraint.

Section 1134. Summary Remedies.

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(A) Distraint of Personal Property. Upon failure of the person owing any
delinquent duty, tax and other charges to pay at the time required, the
Commissioner shall seize and distraint the goods, chattels or effects, and the
personal property, including stocks and other securities, debts, credits, hank
accounts, and interests in and rights to personal property of such persons, in
sufficient quantity to satisfy the duty, tax or other charge and the expenses of the
distraint and the cost of the subsequent sale.

The officer serving the warrant of distraint shall make or cause to be made an
account of the goods, chattels, effects, or other personal property distrained, a
copy of which, signed by the said officer, shall he left either with the owner or
person from whose possession such goods, chattels, or effects or other personal
property were taken, or at the dwelling or other place of business of such person
and with someone of suitable age and discretion, to which list shall be added a
statement of the sum demanded and note of the time and place of sale.

Stocks and other securities shall be distrained by serving a copy of the warrant of
distraint upon the importer and upon the president, manager, treasurer, or other
responsible officer of the corporation, company or association, which issued the
said stocks or securities.

Debts and credits shall be distrained by leaving with the person owing the debts
or having in his/her possession or under his/her control such credits, or with
his/her agent, a copy of the warrant of distraint. The warrant of distraint shall be
sufficient authority to the person owing the debts or having in his possession or
under his control any credits belonging to the importer to pay to the
Commissioner the amount of such debts of credits.

Bank accounts shall be garnished by serving a warrant of garnishment upon the

importer and upon the president, manager, treasurer, or other responsible officer
of the bank Upon the receipt of the warrant of garnishment, the bank shall turn
over to the Commissioner so much of the bank accounts as may be sufficient to
satisfy the claim of the government.

A report on the distraint shall, within ten (10) days from receipt of the warrant, be
submitted by the Commissioner to the Secretary of Finance: Provided, That the
Commissioner shall have the power to lift such order of distraint subject to the
rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act.

(B) Levy on Real Property. After the expiration of the period within which to pay
the duty, tax and other charges as prescribed in this section, real property may
be levied upon, before, simultaneously, or after the distraint of personal property
belonging to the importer. To this end, the Commissioner or the duly authorized
representative shall prepare a duly authenticated certificate showing the name of
the importer and the amounts of the duty and tax and penalty due. The certificate
shall operate with the force of a legal execution throughout the Philippines.

The levy shall be effected by writing upon the certificate a description of the
property on which levy is made. At the same time, written notice of the levy shall
be mailed to or served upon the register of deeds of the province or city where
the property is located and upon the importer, or if the latter is not in the
Philippines, upon the agent or the manager of the business from which the
liability arose, or if there be none, to the occupant of the property in question.

68
In case the warrant of levy on real property is not issued before or simultaneously
with the warrant of distraint on personal property, and the personal property of
the importer is not sufficient to satisfy the duty and tax due, the Commissioner or
a duly authorized representative shall, within thirty (30) days after execution of
the distraint, proceed with the levy on the real property of the importer.

Within ten (10) days after receipt of the warrant, a report on any levy shall be
submitted by the levying officer to the Commissioner; Provided, That the
Commissioner may lift such warrants of levy issued, subject to the rules and
regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act.

CHAPTER 9
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS

Section 1135. Supervision and Control over Criminal and Civil Proceedings.
Civil and criminal actions and proceedings instituted on behalf of the
Government under the authority of this Act or other laws enforced by the Bureau
shall be brought in the name of the government of the Philippines and shall be
prosecuted and handled by the Bureau with the assistance of the Department of
Justice (DOJ): Provided, That the determination of the existence of probable
cause and the subsequent filing of any criminal or civil case with the proper court
against violators of this Act shall exclusively belong to the
DOJ: Provided,However, That no civil or criminal action for the recovery of duties
or the enforcement of any fine, penalty or forfeiture under this Act shall be filed in
court without the approval of the Commissioner.

Section 1136. Review by the CTA. Unless otherwise provided in this Act or by
any other law, the party aggrieved by the ruling or decisions of the Commissioner
may appeal to the CTA, in the manner and within the period prescribed by law
and regulations. Decisions of the Secretary of Finance when required by this Act,
may likewise be appealed to the CTA.

Unless an appeal is made to the CTA in the manner and within the period
prescribed by law and regulations, the ruling or decision of the Commissioner or
the Secretary of Finance shall be final and executory.

Section 1137. Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Bureau. Jurisdiction over imported

goods and goods for exportation shall be exclusive to the Bureau, or the
Secretary of Finance, when under review by the latter, subject to the proceedings
described in this title.

Except for the CTA, no court may issue any order or decision until all the
remedies for administrative appeal have been exhausted.

Section 1138. Fraud Investigation and Prosecution. No criminal case for

violation of this title shall be instituted without the approval of the Commissioner
pursuant to the provisions of this Act.

The Bureau shall have the power to investigate andinstitute smuggling cases
committed within its jurisdiction; Provided, That in case of inquest, the same may
be instituted by the apprehending customs officer.

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 CHAPTER 10
DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY IN CUSTOMS CUSTODY

Section 1139. Goods Subject to Disposition. Goods in customs custody that

are in the following conditions and status shall be subject to disposition;

(a) Abandoned goods;

(b) Goods entered under warehousing entry but not withdrawn, or those whose
duties and taxes have not been paid within the period prescribed under Section
dll of this Act;

(c) Forfeited goods, other than prohibited, restricted and regulated goods; after
liability have been established by the proper administrative or judicial
proceedings in conformity with the provisions of this Act; and

(d) Goods subject to a valid lien for customs duties, taxes and other charges
collectible by the Bureau, after the expiration of the period allowed for payment
thereof.

Section 1140. Place of Disposition of Goods. Upon the order of the District
Collector, goods may be sold or otherwise disposed of at the port where the
goods are located, unless the Commissioner shall direct its transfer to another
port.

Section 1141. Mode of Disposition. The goods subject to disposition may be

donated to another government agency or declared for official use of the Bureau,
after approval of the Secretary of Finance, or sold at a public auction within thirty
(30) days after a ten (10)-day notice posted at a public place at the port where
the goods are located and published electronically or in a newspaper of general
circulation.

For purposes of donating the goods as above described, goods suitable for
shelter or consisting of foodstuffs, clothing materials or medicines may be
donated to the DSWD.

Section 1142. Disqualification to Participate in Auction Sale. No customs

officer or employee, their spouses and relatives within the fourth degree of
consanguinity or affinity shall be allowed to bid directly or indirectly, in any
customs auction.

Section 1143. Disposition of Proceeds. The following expenses and

obligations shall be paid from the proceeds of the sale in the order provided:

(a) Customs duties, except in the case of forfeited goods;

(b) Taxes and other charges due the government;

(c) Government storage charges;

(d) Expenses for the appraisal, advertisement, and sale of auctioned goods;

(e) Arrastre and private storage charges and demurrage charges; and

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(f) Freight, lighterage or general average, on the voyage of importation, of which
due notice shall have been given to the District Collector.

The Commissioner is authorized to determine the maximum charges to be

recovered by private entities concerned under subsections (e) and (f) of this
section.

Section 1144. Disposition of Perishable Goods. Perishable goods as defined

under this Act when certified as such by the Bureau, maybe sold at a public
auction within five (5) days, after a three (3)-day notice.

For this purpose, perishable goods shall include goods liable to perish or be
wasted, or those that depreciate greatly in value while stored, or which cannot be
kept without great disproportionate expense. The Bureau shall proceed to
advertise and sell the same at auction upon notice as shall be deemed to be
reasonable.

Section 1145. Disposition of Goods Injurious to Public Health. Goods in the

custody of the Bureau which, in the opinion of the District Collector are injurious
to public health, shall be seized. The District Collector shall, if the matter is not
disposable under the provisions relating to food and drugs, appoint three (3)
members to constitute a Board to examine the goods. The Board shall be
composed of one (1) representative from either the DOH or other appropriate
government agency or the local government unit (LGU) concerned, and two (2)
representatives from the Bureau. If the goods are found to be injurious to public
health, the Board shall report this to the District Collector, who shall order its
destruction in an appropriate manner or order its reexportation in accordance
with this Act.

The District Collector shall immediately coordinate with the health and quarantine
officers at the port of entry for the disposition of goods injurious to public health.

Section 1146. Disposition of Prohibited Goods. Prohibited goods, as provided

in Section 118 of this Act, shall be destroys, except paragraph (d) thereof which
shall be turned over to the BSP. All goods suitable for shelter, foodstuffs, clothing
materials or medicines may be disposed in accordance with Section 1141 of this
Act.

Section 1147. Disposition of Restricted Goods. Restricted goods as described

in Section 119 of this Act shall be disposed as follows:

(a) Dynamite, gunpowder, ammunitions and other explosives, firearms and

weapons of war, and parts thereof shall be turned over to the AFP;

(b) Roulette wheels, gambling outfits, loaded dice, marked cards, machines,
apparatus or mechanical devices used in gambling or the distribution of money,
cigars, cigarettes, or other goods when such distribution is dependent on chance,
including jackpot and pinball machines or similar contrivances, or parts thereof
shall be turned over to the appropriate government body or agency;

(c) Lottery and sweepstakes tickets, except advertisements thereof, and lists of
drawings therein shall be turned over to the appropriate government body or
agency;

(d) Marijuana, opium, poppies, coca leaves, heroin, or other narcotics or

synthetic drugs which are or may hereafter be declared habit forming by the

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President of the Philippines, or any compound, manufactured salt, derivative, or
preparation thereof, shall be turned over to the Dangerous Drugs Board;

(e) Opium pipes and parts thereof, of whatever material, shall be turned over to
the Dangerous Drugs Board; and

(f) All other restricted goods which are highly dangerous to be kept or handled
shall be destroyed in a manner as the District Collector deems appropriate.
Otherwise, the restricted goods shall be turned over to the proper government
agency for appropriate handling.

Section 1148. Disposition of Regulated Goods. Regulated goods shall be

disposed of in a manner to be determined by the appropriate regulatory agency.
In the event that the regulatory agency allows the disposition of the regulated
goods with commercial value and capable of legitimate use, these shall be
disposed of in accordance with Section 1141 of this Act.

Section 1149. Disposition of Unsold Goods for Want of Bidders. Goods

subject to sale at public auction by the Bureau shall be sold at a price not less
than the landed cost of the goods adjusted for normal depreciation.

Goods which remain unsold after at least two (2) public biddings either due to the
lack of bidders or for the lack of an acceptable bid, may be donated to another
government agency or declared for official use of the Bureau, If the goods are not
suitable either for official use or donation, these may be subject to reexport as
government property or sold through a negotiated sale. In case of negotiated
sale, the same shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary ofFinance and
executed in the presence of a representative of the COA. For purposes of
donating the goods as above described, goods suitable for shelter or consisting
of foodstuffs, clothing materials or medicines may be donated to the DSWD.

Section 1150. Disposition of Smuggled Goods. Smuggled goods, when

forfeited, shall be disposed of as provided in Section 1148 of this Act.

Section 1151. Forfeiture Fund. All proceeds from public auction sales after
deduction of the charges as provided in Section 1143 of this Act and subject to
the claim of the owner or importer of an impliedly abandoned goods as provided
in Section 1130 of this Act, shall be deposited in an account to be known as
Forfeiture Fund.

The Fund shall be in the name of and shall be managed by the Bureau which is
hereby authorized, subject to the usual government accounting rules and
regulations, tiftctalize it for the following purposes;

(a) To outsource, subject to the rules on government procurement established by

law, the management of the inventory, safekeeping, maintenance and sale of
goods enumerated in Section 1139 of this Act to private service
providers: Provided, That the Bureau shall retain jurisdictional control and
supervision over these goods as well as the operations of the service provider so
contracted;

(b) To facilitate customs seizure, abandonment and forfeiture proceedings and

the disposition of goods under Section 1139 of this Act, particularly those to be
disposed of other than through public sale;

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(c) To enhance customs intelligence and enforcement capability to prevent
smuggling; and

(d) To support the modernization program and other operational efficiency and
trade facilitation initiatives of the Bureau.

The DOF and the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) shall, upon the
recommendation of the Bureau, issue a joint regulation to implement the
provisions of this section.

Title XII
Third Parties

CHAPTER 1
CUSTOMS SERVICE PROVIDERS

Section 1200. Customs Brokers and Other Service Providers. Upon the
recommendation of the Commissioner, the Secretary of Finance shall issue the
necessary rules and regulations for the registration of customs brokers and the
accreditation of other customs service providers to ensure compliance with this
Act and the rules and regulations that shall be promulgated to implement it.

CHAPTER 2
CARRIERS, VESSELS, AND AIRCRAFTS

Section 1201. Ports Open to Vessels and Aircrafts Engaged in Foreign Trade.
Vessels and aircrafts engaged in foreign trade shall visit designated ports of
entry only except as otherwise especially allowed by law: Provided, That no
existing and valid government contract covering the handling of import and
export cargo shall be diminished or impaired. Every vessel or aircraft arriving
within a Customs District of the Philippines from a foreign port shall dock at the
designated port of entry and shall be subject to the authority of the District
Collector of the port while within its jurisdiction.

Section 1202. Control of Customs Officer Over Boarding or Leaving of Incoming

Vessel and Over Other Vessel Approaching the Former. Upon the arrival in
port of any vessel engaged in foreign trade, it shall be unlawful for any person,
except the pilot, consul, quarantine officers, customs officers, or other duly
authorized persons, to board or leave the vessel without permission of the
customs officer concerned. It shall likewise be unlawful for any tugboat, rowboat,
or other craft to go alongside such vessel and for any person so authorized to
board the vessel to take any unauthorized person to board the same, or allow
loitering near or alongside such vessel. Unauthorized tugboats and other vessels
shall keep away from such vessel engaged in foreign trade at a distance of not
less than fifty (50) meters.

Section 1203. Documents to be Produced by the Master Upon Entry of

Vessel. Upon entry of a vessel engaged in foreign trade, the master thereof
shall present the following certified documents to the customs boarding officers:

(a) The vessel's general declaration;

(b) The original manifest of all cargoes destined for the port, to he returned with
the endorsement of the boarding officers;

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(c) Three (3) copies of the original manifest, one of which, upon certification by
the boarding officer as to the correctness of the copy, shall be returned to the
master;

(d) A copy of the cargo stowage plan;

(e) Two (2) copies of the store list;

(f) One (1) copy of the passengers list;

(g) One (1) copy of the crew list;

(h) The original copy of all through cargo manifest, for deposit with the customs
officer who has jurisdiction over the vessel while in port;

(i) The passengers manifest containing the names of all foreigners, in conformity
with the requirements of the immigration laws in force in the Philippines;

(j) One (1) copy of the original duplicate of fully accomplished bill of lading;

(k) The shipping goods and register of the vessel of Philippine registry; and

(l) Such other related documents.

Section 1204. Manifest Required of Vessel from Foreign Port. Every vessel
from a foreign port must have on board a complete manifest of all its cargoes.

All cargoes intended to be landed at a port in the Philippines must be described

in separate manifests for each port of call. Each manifest shall include the port of
departure and the port of delivery with the marks, numbers, quantity, and
description of the packages and the names of the consignees. Every vessel from
a foreign port must have on board complete manifests of passengers and
baggage, in the prescribed form, setting forth the destination and all particulars
required by immigration laws. Every vessel shall present to the proper customs
officers upon arrival in ports ofthe Philippines a complete list of all sea stores
then on board. If the vessel does not carry cargo or passengers, the manifest
must show that no cargo or passenger is carried from the port of departure to the
port of destination in the Philippines.

A true and complete copy of the cargo manifest shall be electronically sent in
advance by the shipping company, NVOCC, freight forwarder, cargo consolidator,
or their agents within the cut-off period as may be determined by the Bureau
before the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of entry. Upon arrival of the
carrying vessel, the shipping company, NVOCC, freight forwarder, cargo
consolidator, or their agents shall provide two (2) hard copies of the cargo
manifest to the Bureau in case the port of entry is either the Port of Manila (PoM)
or the Manila International Container Port (MICP), and one (1) copy only in the
case of the other ports of entry.

A cargo manifest shall in no case be changed or altered after entry of vessel,

except by means of an amendment, under oath, by the master, consignee or
agent thereof, which shall be attached to the original manifest; Provided, That
after the invoice and/or goods declaration covering an importation have been
received and recorded in the office ofthe appraiser, no amendment of the
manifest shall be allowed, except when it is obvious that a clerical error or any
other discrepancy has been committed in the preparation of the manifest, without

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any fraudulent intent, the discovery of which would not have been made until
after examination of the importation has been completed.

Section 1205. Translation of Manifest. The cargo manifest and each copy
thereof shall he accompanied by a translation in English, if originally written in
another language.

Section 1206. Manifests for the Commission on Audit and District Collector.
Upon arrival of a vessel from a foreign port, the Bureau shall provide electronic
copies of the manifest to the Chairperson ofthe COA. The master shall
immediately present to the District Collector the original copy of the cargo
manifest properly endorsed by the boarding officer, and for inspection, the ship's
register, or other documents in lieu thereof, together with the clearance and other
papers granted to the vessel at the port of departure for the Philippines.

Section 1207. Production of Philippine Crew. The master of a Philippine

vessel returning from abroad shall produce the entire crew listed in the vessel's
shipping crew manifest. If any member is missing, the master shall produce proof
satisfactory to the District Collector that the member has died, or absconded, has
been forcibly impressed into another service, or has been discharged. In case of
discharge in a foreign country, the master shall produce a certificate from the
consul, vice consul, or consular agent of the Philippines there residing, showing
that such discharge was effected with the consent of the aforesaid representative
of the Philippines.

Section 1208. Record of Arrival and Entry of Vessels and Aircraft. A record
shall be made and kept open to public inspection in every Customs District of the
date of arrival and entry of all vessels and aircraft.

Section 1209. Arrest of Vessel or Aircraft Departing Before Entry Made. When
a vessel or aircraft arriving within the limits of a Customs District from a foreign
port departs or attempts to depart before entry shall have been made, not being
thereunto compelled by stress of weather, duress of enemies, or other necessity,
the District Collector of the port may cause the arrest and bring back such vessel
or aircraft to the most convenient port with the assistance of other concerned
agencies.

Section 1210. Discharge of Ballast. When not brought to port as goods, ballast
of no commercial value maybe discharged upon permit granted by the District
Collector for the purpose.

Section 1211. Time of Unloading Cargo. Unloading of cargo from a vessel or

aircraft from a foreign port during official nonworking hours shall be allowed
subject to payment of service fees by shipping lines, airlines, or other interested
parties at rates prescribed by the Commissioner.

Section 1212. Entrance of Vessel through Necessity. When a vessel from a

foreign port is compelled, by stress of weather or other necessity to put into any
other port than that of its destination, the master within twenty-four (24) hours
after its arrival, shall make a protest under oath setting forth the causes or
circumstances of such necessity. This protest, if not made before the District
Collector, must be produced and lodged with the District Collector.

Within the same time, the master shall make a report to the District Collector if
any part of the cargo was unloaded from necessity or lost by casualty before
arrival, and produce sufficient proof to the District Collector of such necessity or

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casualty before the latter who shall give the approval thereto and the unloading
shall be deemed to have been lawfully effected.

Section 1213. Unloading of Vessel in Port from Necessity. If a situation arises

where the unloading of the vessel is required pending sojourn in port, the District
Collector shall, upon sufficient proof of the necessity, grant a permit therefore,
and the goods shall be unloaded and stored under the supervision of customs
officers.

At the request of the master of the vessel or the owner thereof, the District
Collector may grant permission to enter the port and pay duties, taxes and other
charges on, and dispose of, such part of the cargo as may be perishable in
nature or as may be necessary to defray the expenses attending the vessel.

Upon departure, the cargo, or a part thereof, may be reloaded on board the
vessel, and the vessel may proceed with the same to its destination, subject only
to the charge for storing and safekeeping of the goods and the fees for entrance
and clearance. No port charges shall be collected on vessels entering through
stress of weather, duress or other urgent necessities.

Section 1214. Entry and Clearance of Vessels of a Foreign Government. The

entry and clearance of transport or supply ship of a foreign government shall be
in accordance with the agreement by and between the Philippines and the
foreign government.

Section 1215. Clearance of Vessel for Foreign Port. Before a clearance shall
be granted to any vessel bound to a foreign port, the master or the agent thereof
shall present to the District Collector the following properly authenticated
documents:

(a) A bill of health from the quarantine officer or officer of the public health
service in the port;

(b) Three (3) copies of the manifest of export cargo, one of which, upon
certification by the customs officer as to the correctness of the copy, shall be
returned to the master;

(c) Two (2) copies of the passengers list, showing foreigners and other
passengers;

(d) The register and shipping goods, if the vessel is of Philippine registry;

(e) Clearance issued by the last port of entry; and

(f) A certificate from the Philippine Postal Corporation to the effect that it received
timely notice of the sailing of the vessel: Provided, That the District Collector shall
not permit any vessel to sail for a foreign port if the master or agent thereof
refuses to receive bags of mail delivered to the same by the Philippine Postal
Corporation for transport upon reasonable compensation. In case the Postmaster
General and the master or agent do not come to an agreement concerning the
amount of the compensation to be paid for the carriage of the mail, the matter
shall be submitted for decision to a Board of Referees to be composed of three
(3) members appointed, respectively, by the Philippine Postal Corporation, the
agency of the company to which the vessel concerned belongs, and the Bureau,
who shall fix a reasonable rate of compensation.

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Section 1216. Detention of Warlike Vessel Containing Arms and Munitions.
District Collectors shall report to the proper authorities or detain any vessel of
commercial registry manifestly built for warlike purposes and about to depart
from the Philippines with a cargo consisting principally of arms and munitions of
war, when the number of men shipped on board or other circumstances render it
probable that such vessel is intended to be employed by the owner or owners to
cruise or commit hostilities upon the subjects, citizens, or property of any foreign
principality or state, or of any colony, district, or people with whom the Philippines
is at peace, until the decision of the President of the Philippines is rendered
thereon, or until the owner or owners shall give a security, in double the value of
the vessel and cargo, that it will not be so employed, if in the discretion of the
District Collector such security will prevent the violation of the provisions of this
section.

Section 1217. Oath of Master of Departing Vessel. The master of a departing

vessel shall state under oath that:

(a) All cargoes conveyed on the vessel, destined for the Philippines, have been
duly discharged or accounted for;

(b) A true copy of the outgoing cargo manifest has been furnished to the Bureau;

(c) No letters or packets, not enclosed in properly stamped envelope sufficient to

cover postage, have been received or will be conveyed, except those relating to
the vessel; and that all mails placed on board the vessel before its last clearance
from the Philippines have been delivered at the proper foreign port; and

(d) If clearing without passenger, the vessel will not carry upon the instant
voyage, from the Philippine port, any passenger of any class, or other person not
entered upon the ship's declaration.

Section 1218. Extension of Time for Clearance. At the time of clearance, the
master of a departing vessel shall he required to indicate the time of intended
departure, and if the vessel should remain in port forty-eight (48) hours after the
time indicated, the master shall report to the District Collector for an extension of
time of departure, and without such extension the original clearance shall be
nullified.

Section 1219. Advance Notice of Aircraft Arrival.

(A) Nonscheduled Arrivals. Before an aircraft comes into any area in the
Philippines from any place outside thereof, a timely notice of the intended flight
shall be furnished to the District Collector or other customs officer-in-charge at or
nearest the intended place of first landing, and to the quarantine and immigration
officers-in-charge at or nearest such place of landing. If dependable facilities for
giving notice are not available before departure, the use of any radio equipment
shall be appropriate as long as it will result in the giving of adequate and timely
notice of the aircraft's approach, otherwise landing shall be made at a place
equipped with navigational facilities. If, upon landing in any area, the government
officers have not arrived, the pilot-in-command shall hold the aircraft and any
baggage and goods thereon intact and keep the passengers and crew members
in a segregated place until the inspecting officers arrive.

(B) Scheduled Arrivals. Such advance notice will not be required in the case of
an airline arriving in accordance with the regular schedule filed with the District
Collector for the Customs District in which the place of first landing area is

77
situated, and also with the quarantine and immigration officers-in-charge of such
place.

Section 1220. Landing at International Airport of Entry. Except in case of

emergency or forced landings, aircraft arriving in the Philippines from any foreign
port or place shall make the first landing at an international airport of entry,
unless permission to land elsewhere other than at an international airport of entry
is first obtained from the Commissioner. In such cases, the owner, operator, or
person in charge of the aircraft shall pay the expenses incurred in inspecting the
aircraft, goods, passengers, and baggage carried thereon, and such aircraft shall
be subject to the authority of the District Collector at the airport while within its
jurisdiction.

Should an emergency or forced landing be made by an aircraft coming into the

Philippines at a place outside the jurisdiction of the latter, the pilot-in-command
shall not allow goods, baggage, passenger, or crew member to be removed or to
depart from the landing place without permission of a customs officer, unless
such removal or departure is necessary for purposes of safety, communication
with customs officers, or preservation of life, health, or property. As soon as
practicable, the pilot-in-command, or a member of the crew-in-charge, or the
owner of the aircraft, shall communicate with the customs officer at the intended
place of first landing or at the nearest international airport or other customs port
of entry in the area and make a full report of the circumstances of the flight and of
the emergency or forced landing.

Section 1221. Report of Arrival and Entry of Aircraft. The pilot-in-pommand of

any aircraft arriving from a foreign port or place shall immediately report its arrival
to the District Collector at the airport of entry or to the customs officer detailed to
meet the aircraft at the place of first landing. Upon arrival, such aircraft shall be
boarded by a quarantine officer, and after pratique or health clearance is granted,
shall be boarded by a customs officer; subsequently no person shall be permitted
to board or leave the aircraft without the permission of the customs officer. The
pilot-in-command or any other authorized agent of the owner or operator of the
aircraft shah make the necessary entry. No such aircraft shall, without previous
permission from the District Collector, depart from the place of first landing or
discharge goods, passengers, or baggage.

Section 1222. Documents Required in Making Entry for Aircraft.

(a) For the purpose of making entry, there shall be presented to the boarding
customs officer four (4) copies of ageneral declaration which shah contain the
following data, unless any of such data is otherwise presented on a separate
official form:

(1) Name of owner or operator of aircraft, registration marks and nationality of

aircraft, and flight number of identification;

(2) Points of clearance and entry, and date arrival;

(3) Health and customs clearance at the last airport of departure:

(4) Itinerary of aircraft, including information as to airport of origin and departure

dates;

(5) Names and nationality of crew members;

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(6) Passengers manifest showing places of embarkation and destination;

(7) Cargo manifest showing information as to airway bill number, the number of
packages related to each airway bill number, nature of goods, destination, and
gross weight, together with a copy of each airway bill securely attached thereto;

(8) Store list; and

(9) Such other documents as may be required by the Bureau.

(b) The general declaration shall be written in English and duly signed by the
pilot-in-command or operator of the aircraft, or the authorized agent. The section
on health, and customs clearances, however, shall he signed only by the pilot-in-
command or when necessary, by a crew member when the general declaration
itself has been signed by a non-crew member. If the aircraft does not carry
cargoes or passengers, such facts must be shown in the manifest.

(c) A cargo manifest shall in no case be changed or altered after entry of the
aircraft, except by means of an amendment by the pilot-in-command or
authorized agent thereof, under oath, and attached to the original
manifest: Provided, That after the invoice and/or goods declaration covering an
importation have been received and recorded in the office of the appraiser, no
amendment shall be allowed except when it is obvious that a clerical error or any
other discrepancy has been committed without any fraudulent intent in the
preparation of the manifest, the discovery of which could not have been made
until after complete examination of the importation.

Section 1223. Manifests for the Commission on Audit (COA) and District
Collector. Upon arrival of an aircraft from a foreign port, the Bureau shall
provide electronic copies of the manifest to the Chairperson of the COA. The
master shall immediately present to the District Collector the original copy of the
cargo manifest properly endorsed by the boarding officer, and for inspection, the
aircraft's register or other documents in lieu thereof, together with the clearance
and other papers granted to the aircraft at the port of departure for the
Philippines.

Section 1224. Clearance of Aircraft for Foreign Port.

(a) Any aircraft bound to a foreign port shall, before departure, be granted
clearance by the Commissioner at an airport of entry where such aircraft has
been authorized to make its landing; and

(b) Before clearance shall be granted to an aircraft bound to a foreign port, there
shall be presented to the District Collector or to the customs officer detailed at
the place of departure four (4) copies of a general declaration signed by the pilot-
in-command or authorized agent of an aircraft which shall contain the following
data:

(1) Name of owner or operator of aircraft, registration marks and nationality of

aircraft, and flight number of identification;

(2) Port of clearance, data thereof and destination;

(3) Health and customs clearance;

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(4) Itinerary of aircraft, including information as to airport of destination and
departure date;

(5) Names and nationality of crew members;

(6) Passengers manifest showing places of destination;

(7) Export cargo manifest showing information as to airway bill number, the
number of packages related to each airway bill number, nature of goods,
destination, and gross weight, together with a copy of each airway bill securely
attached thereto; and

(8) Store list showing stores loaded.

Section 1225. Oath of Person-in-Charge of Departing Aircraft. The pilot-in-

command or authorized agent of such departing aircraft shall also state under
oath to the effect that:

(a) All cargoes conveyed on the aircraft destined to the Philippines have been
duly discharged and accounted for; and

(b) The aircraft has not received nor will convey any letter or packet not enclosed
in properly stamped envelope sufficient to cover postage, except those relating to
the cargo of the aircraft, and that there was delivery to the proper foreign port of
all mails placed on board said aircraft before clearance from the Philippines.

If an aircraft is cleared to depart without passengers, the aircraft shall not carry
any passenger thereon.

A record shall be made and kept open to public inspection in every customs
office at an airport of entry of the dates of arrival and entry of all aircraft.

CHAPTER 3
OTHER THIRD PARTIES

Section 1226. Supervision and Regulation of Third Parties. Third parties

transacting with the Bureau on behalf of importers and consignees shall be
treated equally as true importers or consignees.

Third parties transacting with the Bureau shall be liable for acts committed in
violation of this Act and related laws.

Upon the recommendation of the Commissioner, the Secretary of Finance shall

issue rules and regulations to govern and regulate the conduct of all third parties
dealing directly with the Bureau in relation to the importation, exportation,
movement, storage and clearance of goods for and on behalf of another person.
The rules and regulations shall provide for specific conditions when third parties
may or may not directly transact with the Bureau and shall provide a written
notice in case such third parties are, for valid reasons, barred from transacting
with the Bureau. Third party is defined under Section 102(uu) of this Act. For
purposes of this section, third parties may also refer to logistics providers,
importers, exporters, carriers, airlines, shipping lines, shipping agents, forwarders,
consolidators, port and terminal operators, and warehouse operators, if such
persons or entities transacted with the Bureau.

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 CHAPTER 4
AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATORS (AEOS)

Section 1227. Treatment of Authorized Economic Operators (AEOs). The

Bureau shall promulgate the necessary procedures and requirements for the
compliance of Authorized Economic Operators (AEOs). For AEOs who have
displayed diligence in complying with the rules and the submission of official
customs requirements, and have satisfactorily managed their commercial records,
the Bureau shall extend the following incentives:

(a) Release of the goods upon provision of the minimum information necessary
to identify the goods and permit the subsequent completion of the final goods
declaration;

(b) Grant of clearance of the goods at the declarant's premises or another place
authorized by the Bureau; and

(c) Other special procedures such as:

(i) Allowing a single goods declaration for all imports or exports in a given period
where goods are imported or exported frequently by the same person;

(ii) Use of commercial records to self-assess their duty and tax liability and,
where appropriate, to ensure compliance with other customs requirements; and

(iii) Allowing the lodgement of goods declaration by means of an entry in the

records by the authorized person to be supported subsequently by a
supplementary goods declaration.

Section 1228. Trade Facility for AEO. The Secretary of Finance shall, upon
the recommendation of the Commissioner, issue the necessary rules;

(a) To supervise and regulate the conduct and operations of the AEOs,
consistent with international best practices, the World Customs Organization
(WGO) framework of standards to secure and facilitate global trade, and other
international conventions and agreements;

(b) To develop a trade facilitation program for AEOs and other authorized
persons consistent with international best practices and international conventions
and agreements; and

(c) To recognize existing facilities where the authority or right to operate AEOs
has been granted by the relevant government agency or regulator through a
contract, where the Bureau shall;

(i) Only require an endorsement by the relevant agency or regulator;

(ii) Issue a certificate of authority as a matter of course; and

(iii) Ensure that the term of the certificate of authority shall be coterminous with
the applicable government contract or any extension thereof.

The Bureau shall implement the provisions of this chapter without interfering, or
impeding AEO operations as well as existing operations of wharves, container
yards, container freight stations, warehouses, examination areas and other
facilities located in customs territory and/or in airports and seaports. The Bureau

81
shall likewise ensure that any subsequent rules, regulations, orders or
memoranda issued in relation to AEOs shall be consistent with the appropriate
government agency's or regulator's prevailing operating procedures and
international best practices.

Existing contracts of private operators with appropriate government agency or

regulator, such as, but not limited to, the PPA, SBMA and PIA and their
respective authorities and powers already granted by law pertinent to such
contract, shall not be impaired or adversely affected with the Bureau's
implementing rules and regulations on AEOs.

TITLE XIII
CUSTOMS FEES AND CHARGES

Section 1300. Customs Dues, Fees and Charges. For services rendered and
documents issued by the Bureau, dues, fees and charges shall be collected as
may be provided under existing regulations issued by the Secretary of Finance,
upon the recommendation of the Commissioner.

Section 1301. General Provision on the Authority to Increase or Decrease Dues,

Fees and Charges.The Secretary of Finance may, upon the recommendation
of the Commissioner, increase or decrease the dues, fees and charges
collectible by the Bureau to protect the interest of the government.

Title XIV
Offenses and Penalties

CHAPTER 1
CRIMES AND OTHER OFFENSES

Section 1400. Misdeclaration, Misclassification, Undervaluation in Goods

Declaration.Misdeclaration as to quantity, quality, description, weight, or
measurement of the goods, or misclassification through insufficient or wrong
description of the goods or use of wrong tariff heading resulting to a discrepancy
in duty and tax to be paid between what is legally determined upon assessment
and what is declared, shall be subject to a surcharge equivalent to two hundred
fifty percent (250%) of the duty and tax due. No surcharge shall be imposed
when the discrepancy in duty is less than ten percent (10%), or when the
declared tariff heading is rejected in a formal customs dispute settlement process
involving difficult or highly technical question of tariff classification, or when the
tariff classification declaration relied on an official government ruling.

There is undervaluation when: (a) the declared value fails to disclose in frill the
price actually paid or payable or any dutiable adjustment to the price actually
paid or payable; or (b) when an incorrect valuation method is used or the
valuation rules are not properly observed, resulting in a discrepancy in duty and
tax to be paid between what is legally determined as the correct value against
the declared value. When the undervaluation is established without the need to
go through the formal dispute settlement process provided for in this Act, a
surcharge shall be imposed equivalent to two hundred fifty percent (250%) of the
duty and tax due. No surcharge shall be imposed when the discrepancy in duty is
less than ten percent (10%), or the declared value is rejected as a result of an
official ruling or decision under the customs dispute settlement process involving
difficult or highly technical question relating to the application of customs
valuation rules.

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A discrepancy in duty and tax to be paid between what is legally determined and
what is declared amounting to more than thirty percent (30%) shall constitute
a prima facie evidence of fraud.

When the misdeclaration, misclassification or undervaluation is intentional or

fraudulent, such as when a false or altered document is submitted or when false
statements or information are knowingly made, a surcharge shall be imposed
equivalent to five hundred percent (500%) of the duty and tax due and that the
goods shall be subject to seizure regardless of the amount of the discrepancy
without prejudice to the application of fines or penalties provided under Section
1401 of this Act against the importer and other person or persons who willfully
participated in the fraudulent act.

Section 1401. Unlawful Importation or Exportation. Any person who shall

fraudulently import or export or bring into or outside of the Philippines any goods,
or assist in so doing, contrary to law, or shall receive, conceal, buy, sell, or in any
manner facilitate the transportation, concealment, or sale of such goods after
importation, or shall commit technical smuggling as defined in this Act shall be
penalized by:

(a) Imprisonment of not less than thirty (30) days and one (1) day but not more
than six (6) months, or a fine of not less than twenty-five thousand pesos
(25,000.00) but not more than seventy-five thousand pesos (75,000,00), or
both, if the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported, to be determined in
the manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and taxes, of the goods
unlawfully imported does not exceed two hundred fifty thousand pesos
(250,000,00);

(b) Imprisonment of not less than six (6) months and one (1) day but not more
than one (1) year, or a fine of not less than seventy-five thousand pesos
(75.000.00) but not more than one hundred fifty thousand pesos (150,000.00),
or both, if the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported, to be determined
in the manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and taxes, exceeds two
hundred fifty thousand pesos (250,000.00) but not more than five hundred
thousand pesos (500,000.00);

(c) Imprisonment of not less than one (1) year and one (1) day but not more than
three (3) years, or a fine of not less than one hundred fifty thousand pesos
(150,000.00) but not more than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00)
or both, if the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported, to be determined
in the manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and taxes, exceeds five
hundred thousand pesos (500,000.00) but not more than one million pesos
(1,000,000.00);

(d) Imprisonment of not less than three (3) years and one (1) day but not more
than six (6) years, or a fine of not less than three hundred thousand pesos
(300,000.00) but not more than one million five hundred thousand pesos
(1,500,000,00), or both, if the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported,
to be determined in the manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and
taxes, exceeds one million pesos (1,000,000.00) but not more than five million
pesos (5,000,000.00);

(e) Imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day but not more than
twelve (12) years, or a fine of not less than one million five hundred thousand
pesos (1,500,000.00) but not more than fifteen million pesos (15,000,000.00),

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or both, if the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported, to be determined
in the manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and taxes, exceeds five
million pesos (5.000,000.00) but not more than fifty million pesos
(50,000,000.00);

(f) Imprisonment of not less than twelve (12) years and one (1) day but not more
than twenty (20) years, or a fine of not less than fifteen million pesos
(15,000,000.00) but not more than fifty million pesos (50,000,000.00), or both,
if the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported, to be determined in the
manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and taxes, exceeds fifty
million pesos (50,000,000.00) but not more than two hundred million pesos
(200,000,000.00);

(g) If the appraised value of the goods unlawfully imported to be determined in

the manner prescribed under this Act, including duties and taxes, exceeds two
hundred million pesos (200,000,000.00) or if the aggregate amount of the
appraised value of the goods which are the subject of unlawful importation
committed in more than one instance, including duties and taxes, exceeds two
hundred million pesos (200,000,000.00), the same shall be deemed as a
heinous crime and shall be punishable with a penalty of reclusion perpetua and a
fine of not less than fifty million pesos (50,000,000.00); and

(h) The penalty of prision mayor shall be imposed when the crime of serious
physical injuries shall have been committed, and the penalty of reclusion
perpetua shall be imposed when the crime of homicide shall have been
committed by reason or on the occasion of the unlawful importation.

In applying the above scale of penalties, an offender who is a foreigner shall be

deported without farther proceedings after serving the sentence. If the offender is
a public officer or employee, the penally which is the next higher in degree shall
be imposed in addition to the penalty of perpetual disqualification from public
office, and disqualification to vote and to participate in any public election. If the
offender fails to pay the fine, subsidiary imprisonment shall he served.

When, upon trial for violation of this section, the defendant is shown to have had
possession of the goods in question, possession shall be deemed sufficient
evidence to authorize conviction unless the defendant shall explain the
possession to the satisfaction of the court: Provided, That each act of unlawful
importation or exportation shall be deemed as a separate
offense: Provided, However, That payment of the tax due after apprehension
shall not constitute a valid defense in any prosecutionunder this
section; Provided, Further, That outright smuggling shall also be punishable
under this section;Provided, Finally, That the rights and privileges provided in this
Act for the importers, consignees, exporters, service providers, third parties and
other third parties who committed this offense shall be revoked.

Section 1402. Failure or Refusal of Party to Give Evidence or Submit

Documents for Assessment.When the owner, importer or consignee of any
imported goods, or the agent of either, fails or refuses, upon lawful demand in
writing by any customs officer to appear, lawfully depose, or submit to
examination or to answer any material question or refuses to produce records,
accounts or invoices in possession pertaining to the value, classification or
disposition of the goods in question and deemed material in assessing the same,
the District Collector shall assess a surcharge of twenty percent (20%) on the
duffiffle value of the goods which is the subject of the importation.

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Section 1403. Other Fraudulent Practices Against Customs Revenue. Any
person who makes or attempts to make any entry of imported or exported goods
by means of any false or fraudulent statement, document or practice or
knowingly and willfully files any false or fraudulent claim for payment of drawback
or refund of duties shall, for each act, be punished in accordance with the
penalties prescribed in Section 1401 of this Act.

Section 1404. Failure to Declare Baggage. Whenever dutiable goods are not
declared by any person arriving within the Philippines, such goods shall be
seized and the person may obtain release of such goods, if not imported contrary
to any law, upon payment of a surcharge equivalent to thirty percent (30%) of the
landed cost of such goods, in addition to all duties, taxes and other charges due.
Nothing in this section shall preclude the filing of criminal action against the
offender.

Section 1405. Vessel, Seacraft, or Aircraft Departing Before Undergoing

Customs Formalities. Any vessel, seacraft, or aircraft arriving within the limits
of a Customs District from a foreign port which departs before undergoing
customs formalities, without being compelled to do so by stress of weather,
pursuit or duress of enemies, or other necessity, shall be liable for a fine of not
less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three
hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).

Section 1406. Obstruction to Boarding Officer. If the master or pilot-in-

command or any member of the complement of any vessel or aircraft arriving at
the Philippine port obstructs or hinders any officer from lawfully going on board
such vessel or aircraft for the purpose of enforcing this Act, or intentionally
causes any officer to be so obstructed or hindered, the vessel or aircraft shall be
liable to a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but
not more than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).

Section 1407. Unlawful Boarding or Leaving of Vessel or Aircraft. If, upon

arrival at the Philippine port, any master of a vessel or pilot-in-command of an
aircraft engaged in a foreign trade permits any person to board or leave the
vessel or aircraft without the permission of the customs officer-in-charge, the
owner or operator of such vessel or aircraft shall be liable for a fine of not less
than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three
hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).

Section 1408. Unloading of Cargo Before Arrival at Port of Entry. If, upon the
arrival within the hunts of any Customs District of the Philippines of any vessel or
aircraft engaged in foreign trade, the master or pilot-in-command thereof permits
any part of the cargo to be unloaded before arrival at the port of entry, and
without authority from a proper customs officer, the owner, operator, or agent of
such vessel or aircraft shall be liable for a fine of not less five hundred thousand
pesos (500,000.00) but not more than two million pesos
(2,000,000.00); Provided, That no fine shall accrue upon satisfactory proof to
the proper District Collector that the unloading was rendered necessary by stress
of weather, accident or other necessity: Provided, However, That the fine
imposed herein shall be without prejudice to the application of fines or penalties
provided under Section 1401 of this Act.

Section 1409. Unloading of Cargo at Improper Time or Place After Arrival. The
owner or operator of any vessel or aircraft from which cargo is discharged upon
arrival in the Philippines at a time or place other than that designated by the

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District Collector, shall be fined not less one hundred thousand pesos
(100,000.00) but not more than three hundred thousand pesos
(300,000.00); Provided, That no fine shall accrue upon satisfactory proof to the
proper District Collector that the unloading was rendered necessary by stress of
weather, accident or other necessity.

Section 1410. Failure to Exhibit or Deposit Documents. When the master of a

vessel or pilot-in-command of an aircraft engaged in foreign trade fails to submit
to the District Collector at the time of entry of the vessel or aircraft the register or
other documents in lieu thereof, together with the clearance and other documents
granted by the customs officers to thevessel or aircraft at the last foreign port of
departure, or fans to exhibit any certificate or other documents required to be
then exhibited, the owner or operator of such vessel or aircraft shall be liable for
a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more
than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).

Section 1411. Bringing of Unmanifested Arms, Explosives or War Equipment.

The owner, operator, or agent of a vessel or aircraft arriving at a port in the
Philippines bearing cargo consisting of firearms, gunpowder, cartridges,
dynamite or any other explosives, munitions or equipment of war not contained in
the manifest of the vessel or aircraft, or which are concealed on board, shall be
liable for a fine of not less than five hundred thousand pesos (500,000.00) but
not more than one million pesos (1,000,000.00).

Section 1412. Failure to Supply Advance and Requisite Manifests. Failure to

transmit the electronic manifest within the required time as may be prescribed by
the Bureau, prior to arrival of the carrying vessel or aircraft at the port of entry
shall make the owner, operator, or agent of the vessel or aircraft liable for a fine
of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than
three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00), If the transit time from port of
origin to port of entry is at least seventy-two (72) hours, the shipping or
forwarding agent of the carrier or the vessel who fails to submit the manifest at
least twenty-four (24) hours before entry shall likewise be liable for a fine of not
less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three
hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).

Section 1413. Disappearance of Manifested Goods. When any package or

goods mentioned in the manifest meant to be unloaded at the port of destination
is not unloaded upon the arrival of the vessel or aircraft, its agent shall be liable
for a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not
more than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00) unless the
disappearance of the package or the goods in question was not due to the
negligence of the master of the vessel or pilot-in-command of an aircraft, andis
explained to the satisfaction of the District Collector.

The owner, operator, or agent of a vessel or aircraft shall be liable for the
payment of the same fine when a package or goods listed in the manifest does
not tally materially in character or otherwise with the description thereof in the
manifest.

Section 1414. Discrepancy Between Actual and Declared Weight of Manifested

Goods. If the gross weight of goods or package described in the manifest or
bill of lading exceeds the declared weight by more than ten percent (10%), and
such discrepancy was due to the negligence of the master or pilot-in-command,
the owner, employee, operator or agent of the importing vessel or aircraft shall

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be liable for a fine of not more than twenty percent (20%) of the value of the
package or goods in respect to which the deficiency exists.

Section 1415. Discrepancy With the Master's or Pilot's-in-Command Deport.

When a vessel or aircraft arriving from a foreign port is compelled by necessity
to unload in another port other than the port of entry and permission is granted by
the District Collector for the unloading of the vessel or aircraft or the delivery of
any part of the cargo and it shall be found that there is discrepancy between the
cargo unloaded and the report of the master or the pilot-in-command and such
discrepancy is not satisfactorily explained, the owner, operator or agent of the
vessel or aircraft shall be liable for a fine of not less than one hundred thousand
pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three hundred thousand pesos
(300,000.00).

Section 1416. Failure to Report Fraud. A master, pilot-in-command or other

officer, owner or agent of any vessel or aircraft trading with or within the
Philippines who has knowledge of the commission of fraud that shall result in the
loss or diminution of customs revenue but fails to report all information relative
thereto to the District Collector shall be penalized with imprisonment of not less
than six (6) months and one (1) day but not more than one (1) year and shall be
liable for a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000,00) but
not than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00). If the offender is a
foreigner, the offender shall be deported after serving the sentence. If the
offender is a public officer or employee, the offender shall suffer additional
penalty of perpetual disqualification to hold public office, to vote and to participate
in any election. All the benefits due from service in the government, including the
separation and retirement benefits, shall be forfeited.

Section 1417. False Statement of Vessel's or Aircraft's Destination. When the

master or pilot-in-command of a vessel or aircraft loaded with goods shall make a
false statement as to the next destination of such vessel or aircraft when that
information is required by a customs officer, the owner or operator of such vessel
or aircraft shall be liable for a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos
(100,000.00) but not more than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).
The arrival of a vessel or aircraft at a different port other than the one it had been
originally authorized and cleared for without having been impelled to do so by
necessity, shall be prima facie proof that the original statement of the actual
destination of the vessel or aircraft was false.

Section 1418. Affixing Seals. Any person who, without authority, affixes or
attaches a customs seal, fastening, or any mark, or fastening purporting to be a
customs seal, to any vessel, aircraft, vehicle, warehouse, or package, shall be
penalized with imprisonment of not less than six (6) months and one (1) day but
not more than one (1) year, and shall be liable for a fine of not less than one
hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three hundred
thousand pesos (300,000.00). If the offender is a foreigner, the offender shall
he deported after serving the sentence. If the offender is a public officer or
employee, the offender shall suffer an additional penalty of perpetual
disqualification to hold public office and disqualification from exercising the right
to vote and to participate in any election.

Section 1419. Breaking of Seal Placed by Customs Officers. If any seal placed
by a customs officer upon any vessel or aircraft or compartment thereof, or upon
any box, trunk or other package of goods on board is broken, the owner, operator,
or agent of the vessel or aircraft shall be liable for a fine of not less than one

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hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three hundred
thousand peses (300,000.00) for each broken or destroyed seal.

Section 1420. Breaking of Lock or Fastening Placed by Customs Officers. If

any lock or other fastening device placed, by a customs officer upon any hatch
door, or other means of communication in the hold of a vessel or aircraft, or other
part thereof for the security of the same during the night time, is unlawfully
opened, broken or removed, or if any of the goods contained in the hold or in the
other compartments so secured is clandestinely abstracted and landed, the
owner, operator, or agent of the vessel or aircraft shall be liable for a fine of not
less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but not more than three
hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00).

Section 1421. Removal, Breakage, and Alteration of Marks. Any person who,
without authority, willfully removes, breaks, injures, defaces or alters any
customs seal or other fastening or mark placed upon any vessel, vehicle, on land,
sea or air, warehouse or package containing merchandise or baggage in bond or
in customs custody, shall be punished with the penalty prescribed in Section
1420 hereof.

Section 1422. Unauthorized Withdrawal of Imported Goods from Bonded

Warehouse. Any person who causes the unauthorized withdrawal of imported
goods stored from a CBW shall be liable for payment of a surcharge of fifty
percent (50%) of duties, taxes, customs fees, and charges, found to be due and
unpaid. The amount of surcharge shall be added to the duties, taxes and charges
due on the goods withdrawn. If the delinquency lasts for more than one (1) year,
the surcharge shall be increased by twenty-five percent (25%) of the unpaid
duties and taxes annually; Provided, That where the withdrawal is attended with
fraud, such as when a fake or altered withdrawal permit is submitted, the
warehouse operator shall be held liable under the pertinent provisions of this Act,
without prejudice to the suspension or revocation of the warehousing privileges
granted by the Bureau pursuant to this Act.

Section 1423. Removing or Repacking Goods in Warehouse. Any person who

fraudulently conceals, removes, or repacks merchandise in any warehouse or
fraudulently alters, defaces, or obliterates any mark or numbers placed upon
packages deposited in such warehouse, or shall aid or abet any such acts, shall
be punished with the penalties prescribed in Section 1418 hereof.

Merchandise so concealed, removed, or repacked, or packages upon which

marks, numbers or the values thereof have been so altered, defaced, or
obliterated shall be forfeited in favor of the government.

Section 1424. Removing Goods from Customs Custody. Any person who
enters any warehouse, or any vehicle loaded with or containing merchandise with
intent to unlawfully remove therefrom any merchandise or baggage in such
vessel, vehicle or warehouse or otherwise in customs custody or control, or any
person who receives or transports any merchandise or baggage unlawfully
removed from any such vessel, vehicle or warehouse, or shall aid or abet such
removal, shall suffer the penalties provided in Section 1401 hereof.

Section 1425. Failure to Pay Duties, Taxes and Other Charges. For failure to
pay the duties, taxes and other charges of an assessment within fifteen (15) days
from the date of final assessment, a surcharge of ten percent (10%) of the total
assessed amount or balance thereon shall be added and collected, which

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surcharge shall be increased to twenty-five percent (25%) if the delinquency lasts
for more than one (1) year.

Section 1426. Breach of Security. Upon breach of security required to be filed

under this Act, the District Collector, subject to the approval of the Commissioner,
may accept in satisfaction thereof a smaller sum than that mentioned in the
penalty clause of the security, but in no case less than the amount necessary to
indemnify the government for the damage occasioned by such breach.

Section 1427. Failure to Keep Importation Records and Full Access to Customs
Officers. Any person who fails to keep all the records of importations or books
of accounts, business and computer systems and all customs commercial data in
the manner prescribed under this Act, shall be punished with imprisonment of not
less than three (3) years and one (1) day but not more than six (6) years and/or a
fine of one million pesos (1,000,000.00). This penalty shall likewise be imposed
against importers and brokers who deny an authorizedcustoms officer full and
free access to such records, books of accounts, business and computer systems,
and all customs commercial data including payment records, without prejudice to
the imposition of the administrative sanctions by the Bureau against
contumacious importers, including the authority to hold delivery or release of their
imported goods.

Section 1428. Concealment or Destruction of Evidence of Fraud. Any person

who willfully conceals or destroys any invoice, book, or document relating to any
goods liable to duly after an inspection thereof has been demanded by the
District Collector or at any time conceals or destroys any such invoice, book, or
document for the purpose of suppressing any evidence of fraud therein contained,
shall be penalized with imprisonment of not less than three (3) years and one (1)
day but not more than six (6) years and shall be liable for a fine of not less than
three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00) but not more than one million
pesos (1,000,000.00).

Section 1429. Other Offenses. The owner or operator of a vessel, aircraft or

train shall be liable for a fine for the following acts:

(a) For anchoring at any dock, pier, wharf, quay, or bulkhead other than a port of
entry, a fine of not less than five hundred thousand pesos (500,000.00) but not
more than one million pesos (1,000,000.00) for overseas vessels;

(b) For dumping of garbage or slops over the sides of the vessel within three (3)
miles from the nearest coastline, a fine of not less than one million pesos
(1,000,000.00) but not more than ten million pesos (10,000,000.00);

(c) For dumping or causing to spread crude oil, kerosene, or gasoline in the bay
or at the piers within three (3) miles from the nearest coastline, a fine of not less
than one million pesos (1,000,000.00) but not more than ten million pesos
(10,000,000.00) for each, offense;

(d) For loading gasoline or any other petroleum products at a place other than
that designated by the regulations, a fine of not less than five hundred thousand
pesos (500,000.00) but not more than one million pesos (1,000,000.00) for
each offense;

(e) For causing the emission and spread of harmful gas, fumes and chemicals, a
fine of not less than one million pesos (1,000,000.00) but not more than ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00) for each offense; and

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(f) For transporting hazardous waste, radioactive waste and other toxic
substances as provided under the Basel Convention and Republic Act No. 6969,
otherwise known as the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act of 1990, the penalty shall be forfeiture of the vessel in favor of the
government.

The fines imposed herein shall be without prejudice to the application of fines or
penalties provided under special laws and regulations.

Section 1430. Violations of this Act and Rules and Regulations in General.
Any person who violates any other provision of this Act or the rules and
regulations issued pursuant thereto, shall be penalized with imprisonment of not
less than thirty (30) days and one (1) day but not more than one (1) year, or be
liable for a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) but
not more than three hundred thousand pesos (300,000.00), or both. If the
offender is a foreigner, the offender shall be deported after serving the sentence.
If the offender is a public officer or employee, the offender shall be disqualified
from holding public office, from exercising the right to vote and to participate in
any public election for ten (10) years.

CHAPTER 2
PENALTIES IMPOSED UPON BUREAU EMPLOYEES

Section 1431. Statutory Offenses of Officers and Employees. Every officer,

agent, or employee of the Bureau or of any other agency of the government
charged with the enforcement of the provisions of this Act, who shall be found
guilty of any delinquency as described below shall be penalized with
imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day but not more than
twelve (12) years, and perp etual disqualification to hold public office, from
exercising the right to vote and to participate in any public election and a fine of
not less than five hundred thousand pesos (500,000.00); but not more than one
million pesos (1,000,000.00);

(a) Extortion or willful oppression under color of law;

(b) Knowingly demanding other or greater sums that are authorized by law or
receive any fee, compensation, or reward except as by law prescribed, for the
performance of any duty;

(c) Willfully neglecting to give receipts, as required by law, for any sum collected
in the performance of duty, or who willfully neglect to perform any of the duties
enjoined by law;

(d) Conspiring or colluding with another or others to defraud the customs revenue
or otherwise violate the law;

(e) Providing an opportunity for any person to defraud the government of

customs revenue or failing to do any act with the intent to enable any person to
defraud the government of customs revenue;

(f) Negligently or designedly permitting the violation of the law by any other
person;

(g) Making or signing for any false entry or entries in any book, making or signing
any false certificate or return in any case where the law requires the making by
them of such entry certificate or return;

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(h) Failing to report knowledge or information to their superior officer about an act
or acts of fraud committed in revenue collection as required by law;

(i) Demanding or accepting or attempting, without authority, to collect directly or

indirectly as payment or otherwise, any sum of money or other thing of value for
the compromise, adjustment, or settlement of any charge or complaint for any
violation or alleged violation of law;

(j) Unlawfully disclosing confidential information gained during any investigation

or audit, or using such information for personal gain or to the detriment of the
government, the Bureau, or third parties.

All the benefits due from service in the government, including separation and
retirement benefits, of an officer, agent, or employee of the Bureau or of any
other agency of the government charged with the enforcement of the provisions
of this Act found guilty of the foregoing violations shall be forfeited.

Section 1432. Failure to Report Fraud. Any employee of the Bureau who has
knowledge of any fraud committed against the government pertaining to customs
revenue, and who fails to report all information relative thereto to the District
Collector, shall be penalized with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and
one (1) day but not more than twelve (12) years and a fine of not less than five
hundred thousand pesos (500,000.00) but not more than one million pesos
(1,000,000,00), The offender shall suffer the additional penalty of perpetual
disqualification to hold public office, to vote and to participate in any election. All
the benefits of the offender due from service in the government, including
separation and retirement benefits, shall be forfeited.

Section 1433. Liability for Other Offenses. The fines and penalties imposed in
this chapter shall be without prejudice to the application of fines or penalties
provided under Chapter 1 of this title and special laws and regulations.

Title XV
Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 1500. Information, Decisions, and Rulings. The Bureau shall ensure
that all information of general application pertaining to customs, including
revisions or amendments thereto, shall be available to the general public.

Section 1501. Period to Issue Ruling. Unless otherwise provided in this Act,
the issuing authority shall act on the application for ruling within thirty (30) days
from receipt of the application and supporting documents as may be required by
regulation. Within three (3) days from issuance of a ruling, the issuing authority
shall notify the requesting party of such ruling.

Section 1502. Publication and Confidentiality of Certain Information in Ruling.

The Bureau and the Commission shall regularly publish its rulings in a manner
accessible to the public. For this purpose, each application for ruling shall be
assigned a title and unique ruling number for easy reference. The publication
shall contain information on the goods involved, the body or summary of the
ruling, particularly the grounds relied upon to support the ruling, but shall exclude
the name of the requesting party and other information which by their very nature
are confidential, including those which the requesting party indicated in its
application as confidential in nature. Except in the context of judicial proceedings,
any disclosure of confidential information under this section shall not be made
except upon the written consent of the beneficiary of the advance ruling.

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Section 1503. Duty of District Collector to Report Rulings to the
Commissioner. When any new or unsettled question shall be determined by a
District Collector, and if the matter is not otherwise appealed for review in the
ordinary course, the District Collector shall notify the Commissioner of the
decision and submit an adequate statement of the facts involved.

Section 1504. Application of Established Ruling or Decision. A ruling or

decision of the Commissioner which determines the construction or application of
any provision of law imposing customs duties and taxes, and which changes any
existing established valuation, classification, rules of origin and other customs
rules, interpretation or practice shall not take effect until thirty (30) days after
public notice shall have been given in the form of a published decision. When the
ruling or decision favors the taxpayers, it shall become effective immediately.

Section 1505. Authority of Official to Administer Oaths and Take Testimony.

The Commissioner, District Collectors and their deputies, and other customs
officers especially deputized by the District Collector shall have authority to
administer oaths and take testimony in connection with any matter within the
jurisdiction of the Bureau and, in connection therewith, may require the
production of relevant papers, documents, books and records in accordance with
law.

Section 1506. General Security. In cases where securities are required to be

given under the provisions of this Act and related customs laws, the District
Collector, instead of requiring separate sp ecial security where transactions of a
particular party are numerous, may accept general security extending over such
periods of time and covering such transactions of the party in question as may be
satisfactory to the District Collector.

Section 1507. Security. The Bureau shall prescribe the forms and amount of
security required to guarantee the payment of duties and taxes and other
obligations provided for in this Act. Any party required to provide security shall
have the option to choose from any form of security prescribed by the Bureau.
The Bureau may not require security if satisfied that an obligation to the Bureau
will be fulfilled, but shall require and accept a general security from declarants
who regularly declare goods at different offices in customs territory under such
terms and conditions as maybe determined by the Commissioner.

The required amount of security shah be the lowest possible and shall not
exceed the amount of imposable duties, taxes and other charges.

When the obligation under which the security was required has been satisfied,
the security shall be discharged immediately.

Section 1508. Customs Service Fees. Customs personnel may be assigned

by a District Collector to render overtime work and other customs services and
shall be paid for such services by the Bureau according to service fees fixed by
the Commissioner and approved by the Secretary of Finance. The Bureau may
charge additional customs service fees when applicable, subject to the rates
prescribed under existing rules and regulations.

Section 1509. Testimony in Writing. When testimony is taken in any

proceeding or matter under the authority of the Bureau, either party may require
that the testimony shall be made in writing, and when so taken, the written

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testimony shall be filed with the Office of the District Collector and to be
preserved for use or reference until the final decision has been reached.

Section 1510. District Collector Not Liable in Respect to Ruling in Customs

Cases. Every District Collector or other officials of the Bureau shall not be in
any way personally liable on account of any official ruling or decision as to which
the person claiming to be aggrieved has the right to obtain either an
administrative or judicial review. Except for misdelivery of goods, a District
Collector may not, in the absence of abuse of authority, be liable to anypersonfor
any loss occasioned either by the official act or the acts of the subordinates.

Section 1511. Interest Prohibited to be Held by Customs Employees. Any

person employed under the authority of the government in the assessment of
duties, taxe#rffees and other charges in connection with, imports or exports, shall
not own, either in whole or in part, any vessel or aircraft or act as attorney, agent
or consignee for the owner of any vessel or aircraft or of any cargo loaded on
board the vessel or aircraft; and shall not import or be involved, directly or
indirectly, in the importation of any goods for sale into the Philippines.

Section 1512. Reward to Persons Instrumental in the Actual Collection of

Additional Revenues Arising from the Disco very of Violations of this Act. A
cash reward equivalent to twenty percent (20%) of the actual proceeds from the
sale of smuggled goods and confiscated goods or actual collection of additional
revenues shall be given to the customs and non-customs informers or
whistleblowers who are instrumentalin the collection of additional revenues
arising from the discovery of violations of this Act in accordance with the rules
and regulations to be issued by the Secretary of Finance.

Section 1513. Outsourcing of Non-Sovereign Customs Functions to Private

Entities. Subject to the approval of the Secretary of Finance, the Bureau may
outsource any of its non-sovereign and ancillary function to a qualified and
competent private entity in accordance with government rules on service
procurement.

Section 1514. International Standards and Best Practices. The Bureau may
adopt international standards and best practices in customs administration laid
down by international agreement or convention pertaining to trade facilitation,
supply chain security, and related matters, whether or not the Philippines is a
signatory to such international agreement or convention.

Title XVI
Tariff Administration ahd Policy

CHAPTER 1
TARIFF COMMISSION

Section 1600. Chief Officials of the Tariff Commission and Qualifications. The
officials of the Tariff Commission shall consist of a Chairperson and two (2)
Commissioners to be appointed by the President of the Philippines, The
Chairperson and the Commissioners shall be natural-born citizens of the
Philippines, of good moral character and proven integrity, and who, by
experience and academic training possess the necessary qualifications requisite
for developing expert knowledge of tariff and trade related matters. During their
terms of office, the Chairperson and the Commissioners shall not engage in the
practice of any profession, or intervene directly or indirectly in the management

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or control of any private enterprise which may, in anyway, be affected by the
functions of their office. They shall not be, directly or indirectly, financially
interested in any contract with the government, or any subdivision or
instrumentality thereof.

Section 1601. Appointment and Compensation of Officials and Employees. All

employees of the Commission shall be appointed by the Chairperson in
accordance with the Civil Service Law except as the private secretaries to the
offices of the Chairperson, Commissioners and Executive Director.

Section 1602. Official Seal. The Commission is authorized to adopt an official

seal.

Section 1603. Functions of the Commission. The Commission shall have the
following functions:

(a) Adjudicate cases on the application of trade remedies against imports

pursuant to Sections 711, 712 and 713 of this Act;

(b) Study the impact of tariff policies and programs on national competitiveness
and consumer welfare inline with the economic objectives of the government;

(c) Administer the Philippine tariff schedules and tariff nomenclatures;

(d) Issue advance rulings on tariff classification of imported goods and render
rulings on disputes over tariff classification of goods pursuant to Section 1100 of
this Act, except in cases involving goods on which the Commission has provided
advance ruling on tariff classification:

(e) Provide the President and Congress with independent analysis, information
and technical support on matters related to tariff and nontariff measures affecting
Philippine industries and exports for policy guidance;

(f) Analyze the nature and composition, and the classification of goods according
to tariff commodity classification and heading number for customs and other
related purposes, which information shall be furnished the NEDA DTI, DA, DOF,
DENR, and BSP;

(g) Review the trade agreements for negotiation and trade agreements entered
into by the Philippines and make recommendations, if necessary, on the
consistency of the terms of the agreements with the national policy objectives;

(h) Conduct public consultations and public hearings pursuant to its functions;
and

(i) Deputize or delegate, to appropriate government agency its function of

rendering rulings on disputes over tariff classification of goods, until the plantilla
positions necessary for undertaking such function have been approved and filled-
up; Provided, That such delegation of function shall not extend beyond three (3)
years from the effectivity of this Act.

Section 1604. Reports of the Commission. The Commission shall place at the
disposal of the President and any Member of the Congress of the Philippines all
information at its command. It shall conduct such investigation and submit
reports as may be required by the President and the Congress of the Philippines.
It shall likewise report to the President and Congress on the first Monday of

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December of each year and hereafter, a statement of methods adopted and a
summary of all reports made during the year.

Section 1605. Access to Documents and Assistance to the Commission. The

Commission or its duly authorized representative shall have access to any
document, paper or record pertinent to the subject matter under investigation, in
the possession of any person, firm, copartnership, corporation, or association
engaged in the production, importation, or distribution of goods under
investigation, and shall have power to summon witnesses, take testimony,
administer oaths, and to issue subpoena duces tecum requiring the production of
books, papers, or documents relating to the matter under investigation. The
Commission may also request the views, recommendations, and assistance of
any government office, agency, or instrumentality who shall be expected to
cooperate fully with the Commission.

Section 1606. Sworn and Verified Statements. The Commission may order the
taking of sworn statements at any stage of any proceeding or investigation before
it. The sworn statements must be made before a person duly authorized to
administer oaths.

The Commission is authorized to require any importer, grower, producer,

manufacturer or seller to file with the Commission a statement, under oath, giving
the selling prices in the Philippines of goods imported, grown, produced,
fabricated or manufactured by such person.

Section 1607. Implementing Rules and Regulations. The Commission shall

promulgate and adopt such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry
out the provisions of this Act.

CHAPTER 2
FLEXIBLE TARIFF

Section 1608. Flexible Clause.

(a) In the interest of the general welfare and national security, and, subject to the
limitations prescribed under this Act, the Prlmifient, upon the recommendation of
the NEDA, is hereby empowered to:

(1) Increase, reduce, or remove existing rates of import duty including any
necessary change in classification. The existing rates may be increased or
decreased to any level, in one or several stages, but in no case shall the
increased rate of import duty be higher than a maximum of one hundred percent
(100%) ad valorem;

(2) Establish import quotas or ban imports of any commodity, as may be

necessary; and

(3) Impose an additional duty on all imports not exceeding ten percent (10%) ad
valorem whenever necessary: Provided, That upon periodic investigations by the
Commission and recommendation of the NEDA, the President may cause a
gradual reduction of rates of import duty granted in Section 1611 of this Act,
including those subsequently granted pursuant to this section.

(b) Before any recommendation is submitted to the President by the NEDA

pursuant to the provisions of this section, except in the imposition of an additional
duty not exceeding ten percent (10%) ad valorem, the Commission shall conduct

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an investigation and shall hold public hearings wherein interested parties shall be
afforded reasonable opportunity to be present, to produce evidence and to be
heard. The Commission shall also hear the views and recommendations of any
government office, agency, or instrumentality. The Commission shall submit its
findings and recommendations to the NEDA within thirty (30) days after the
termination of the public hearings.

(c) The power of the President to increase or decrease rates of import duty within
the limits fixed in subsection (a) hereof shall include the authority to modify the
form of duty. In modifying the form of duty, the corresponding ad valorem or
specific equivalents of the duty with respect to imports from the principal
competing foreign country for the most recent representative period shall be used
as basis.

(d) Any order issued by the President pursuant to the provisions of this section
shall take effect thirty (30) days after promulgation, except in the imposition of
additional duty not exceeding ten percent (10%) ad valorem which shall take
effect at the discretion of the President.

(e) The power delegated to the President as provided for in this section shall be
exercised only when Congress is not in session.

(f) The power herein delegated may be withdrawn or terminated by Congress

through a joint resolution.

The NEDA shall promulgate rules and regulations necessary to carry out the
provisions of this section.

Section 1609. Promotion of Foreign Trade.

(a) For the purpose of expanding foreign markets for Philippine products as a
means of assisting in the economic development of the country, in overcoming
domestic unemployment, in increasing the purchasing power of the Philippine
peso, and in establishing and maintaining better relations between the
Philippines and other countries, the President, shall, from time to time:

(1) Enter into trade agreements with foreign governments or instrumentalities

thereof; and

(2) Modify import duties, including any necessary change in classification and
other import restrictions as are required or appropriate to carry out and promote
foreign trade with other countries; Provided, That in modifying import duties or
fixing import quota, the requirements prescribed in subsection (a) of Section
1608 of this Act shall be observed; Provided, However, That any modification in
import duties and the fixing of import quotas pursuant to the various trade
agreements the Philippines has entered into, shall not be subject to the
limitations of aforesaid subsection (a) of Section 1608.

(b) The duties and other import restrictions as modified in subsection (a) of tins
section, shall apply to goods which are the growth, produce, or manufacture of
the specific country, whether imported directly or indirectly, with which the
Philippines has entered into a trade agreement; Provided, That the President
may suspend the application of any concession to goods which are the growth,
produce, or manufactured product of the specific country because of acts or
policies which tend to defeat the purposes set in this section, including the
operations of international cartels; and the duties and other import restrictions as

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negotiated shall be in force and effect from and after such time as specified in the
order, without prejudice to the Philippine commitments in any ratified international
agreement or treaty.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to give any authority to cancel or
reduce in any manner the indebtedness of any foreign country to the. Philippines
or any claim of the Philippines against any foreign country.

(d) Before any trade agreement is concluded with any foreign government or
instrumentality thereof, reasonable public notice of the intention to negotiate an
agreement with such government or instrumentality shall be given in order that
interested persons may have an opportunity to present their views to the
Commission. The Commission shall seek information and advice from the DTI,
DA, DOF, DENR, DFA and BSP, and from such other sources as it may deem
appropriate.

(e) In advising the President, on a trade agreement entered into by the

Philippines, the following shall be observed:

(1) The Commission shall determine whether or not the domestic industry has
suffered or is being threatened with injury and whether or not the wholesale
prices at which the domestic products are sold are reasonable, talcing into
account the cost of raw materials, labor, overhead, a fair return on investment,
and the overall efficiency of the industry.

(2) The NEDA shall evaluate the report of the Commission and submit
recommendations to the President.

(3) Upon receipt of the report of the findings and recommendations of the NEDA,
the President may prescribe adjustments in the rates of import duties, withdraw,
modify or suspend, in whole or in part, any concession under any trade
agreement, establish import quota, or institute such other import restrictions, as
the NBDA recommends to be necessary in order to fully protect domestic
industry and the consumers, subject to the condition that the wholesale prices of
the domestic products shall be reduced to, or maintained at, the level
recommended by the NEDA unless, for good cause shown, an increase thereof,
as recommended by the NEDA, is authorized by the President. Should increases
be made without such authority, the NEDA shall immediately notify the President
who shah allow the importation of competing products in such quantities as to
protect the public from the unauthorized increase in wholesale prices.

(f) This section shah not prevent the effeotivity of any executive agreement or
any future preferential trade agreement with any foreign country.

(g) The NEDA and the Commission shah promulgate such reasonable
procedures, rules and regulations as they may deem necessary to execute their
respective functions under this section.

CHAPTER 3
TARIFF NOMENCLATURE AND RATE OF DUTY

Section 1610. General Rules for the Interpretation (GRI). The classification of
goods and its tariff nomenclature as provided pursuant to this Act shall be
governed by the following principles:

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(1) The titles of sections, chapters and subchapters are provided for easy
reference only. For legal purposes, classification shall be determined according
to the terms of the headings and any relative section or chapter notes and,
provided such headings or notes do not otherwise require, according to the
following provisions:

(2) (a) Any reference in a heading to the goods shall be taken to include a
reference to the same in their incomplete or unfinished form or state: Provided,
That the incomplete or unfinished goods have the essential character, as
presented, of the complete or finished goods. It shall also be taken to include a
reference to the same, in their complete or finished form or state (or falling to be
classified as complete or finished by virtue of this Rule), presented unassembled
or disassembled.

(b) Any reference in a heading to a material or substance shall be taken to

include a reference to mixtures or combinations of that material or substance with
other materials or substances. Any reference to goods of a given material or
substance shall be taken to include a reference to goods consisting wholly or
partly of such material or substance. The classification of goods consisting of
more than one material or substance shall be according to the principles of Rule
3.

(3) When by application of Rule 2(b) or for any other reason, goods are, prima
facie, classifiable under two (2) or more headings, classification shall be effected
as follows:

(a) The heading which provides the most specific description shall be preferred to
headings providing a more general description. However, when two (2) or more
headings each refer to part only of the materials or substances contained in
mixed or composite goods or to part only of the items in a set put up for retail
sale, those headings are to be regarded as equally specific in relation to those
goods, even if one of them gives a more complete or precise description of the
goods.

(b) Mixtures, composite goods consisting of different materials or made up of

different components, and goods put up in sets for retail sale, which cannot be
classified by reference to 3(a), shall be classified as if they consisted of their
essential character, insofar as this criterion is applicable.

(c) When goods cannot be classified by reference to 3(a) or 3(b), they shall be
classified under the heading which occurs last in numerical order among those
which equally merit consideration;

(4) Goods which cannot be classified in accordance with the above Rules shall
be classified under the heading appropriate to the goods to which they are most
akin.

(5) In addition to the foregoing provisions, the following Rules shall apply with
respect to the goods referred to therein:

(a) Camera cases, musical instrument cases, gun cases, drawing instrument
cases, necklace eases and similar containers, specially shaped or fitted to
contain specific goods or set of goods, suitable for long-term use and presented
with the goods for which they are intended, shall be classified with such goods
when of a kind normally sold therewith. The Rule does not, however, apply to
containers which give the whole its essential character; and

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(b) Subject to the provisions of Rule 5(a), packing materials and packing
containers presented with the goods therein shall be classified with the goods if
they are of a kind normally used for packing such goods. However, this provision
does not apply when such packing materials or packing containers are clearly
suitable for repetitive use.

(6) For legal purposes, the classification of goods in the subheadings of a

heading shall be determined according to the terms of those subheadings and
any related subheading notes and,mutatis mutandis, to the above Rules, on the
understanding that only subheadings at the same level are comparable. For the
purposes of the Rule, the relative section and Chapter Notes also apply, unless
the context otherwise requires.

Section 1611. Tariff Nomenclature and Bates of Import Duty. The provisions of
Section 104 on Rates of Import Duty of Presidential Decree No. 1464, otherwise
known as the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines of 1978, as amended,
specifically providing for the tariff sections, chapters, headings and subheadings
and the rates of import duty, shall still apply and shall supplement this Act. There
shall be levied, collected and paid upon all imported goods the rates of duty
indicated thereon except as otherwise specifically provided for in this
Act: Provided, That the maximum rate shall not exceed one hundred percent
(100%) ad valorem.

The rates of duty provided or subsequently fixed pursuant to Sections 1608 and
1609 of this Act shall be subject to periodic investigation by the Tariff
Commission and may be revised by the President, upon the recommendation of
the NEDA.

It shall also apply to all products, whether imported directly or indirectly, o all
foreign countries, which do not discriminate against Philippine export products.
An additional one hundred percent (100%) across-the-board duty shall be levied
on the products of any foreign country which discriminates against Philippine
export products.

Section 1612. Tariff Nomenclature and Bates of Export Duty. The provisions
of Section 514 on Export Products Subject to Duty and Rates of Presidential
Decree No. 1464, otherwise known as the Tariff and Customs Code of 1978, as
amended, specifically providing for the export products subject to duty and rates,
shall still apply and shall supplement this Act.

Title XVII
Congressional Oversight Committee

Section 1700. Congressional Oversight Committee. The Congressional

Customs and Tariff Oversight Committee, herein referred to as the Committee, is
hereby constituted in accordance with the provisions of this Act. The Committee
shall be composed of the Chairpersons of the Committee on Ways and Means of
the Senate and House of Representatives and four (4) additional members from
each House, to be designated by the Senate President and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, respectively. The Committee shall, among others, in
aid of legislation:

(a) Monitor and ensure the prop er implementation of this Act;

(b) Review the collection performance of the Bureau; and

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(c) Review the implementation of the programs of the Bureau.

In furtherance of the hereinabove cited objectives, the Committee shall require

the Bureau to submit all pertinent information which includes:

(1) Industry audits;

(2) Collection performance data; and

(3) Status report on administrative, civil and criminal actions initiated against
persons.

TITLE XVIII
FINAL PROVISIONS

Section 1800. Implementing Rules and Regulations. The Secretary of Finance

shall, upon the recommendation of the Commissioner, promulgate the necessary
rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act.

Section 1801. Transitoiy Provisions. All suits, proceedings, or prosecutions

whether civil or criminal, for causes arising or acts done or committed prior to the
effectivity of this Act, shall be commenced and prosecuted within the same time
in the same manner and with the same effect as if this Act had not been enacted
and all rights acquired, offenses committed, and penalties or forfeitures or
liabilities waived prior to the said effectivity shall not be affected thereby.

Section 1802. Saving Clause. All other laws, acts, executive orders, and
Customs Administrative Orders (CAOs), Customs Memorandum Orders (CMOs),
orders, memoranda, circulars, rules and regulations issued by the Bureau, under
the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1464, otherwise known as the Tariff
and Customs Code of the Philippines of 1978, as amended, not inconsistent with
the provisions of this Act, shall remain valid unless the same will be repealed or
amended accordingly, pursuant to the provisions of this Act.

Section 1803. Repealing Clause. Presidential Decree No. 1464, otherwise

known as the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines of 1978, as amended,
and Presidential Decree No. 1853 which require any applicant for letter of credit
covering imports to deposit the full amount of duties due on the importation, are
hereby expressly repealed. All other laws, acts, presidential decrees, executive
orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of
this Act are hereby expressly repealed, amended or modified accordingly.

Section 1804. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Act is declared

invalid or unconstitutional, the remaining provisions or parts shall remain in full
force and effect.

Section 1805. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its
publication in theOfficial Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.

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