Shakespearean Tragedy

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XXVI Shakespearean Tragedy

leaping into Ophelia's grave (v. i. 243) he did not mention,


the authority of these details being taken for granted. Any
careful student of the four major Shakespearean tragedies
needs to be alert to the existence of alternative texts at all
times, and Bradley's concern for these matters, although
useful, does not absolve him or her of this responsibility; it
does, however, keep the issues more in focus than many later
studies which pay them little or no regard.
The respect in which Bradley may seem to stand at greatest
distance from the present is in his assumption that art seeks
necessarily for unity and for a resolution of differences. In
looking for clues to the nature of Shakespearean tragedy, he
took for granted that this would depend on a profound and
single vision, developing from play to play and governing the
plan of each. He wrote of this controlling principle as an
'idea' and a 'mystery', and he assumed that his task was to
pluck this heart out of the texts and out of his experience of
the plays in performance. Indeed his book is a record of this
effort and it is therefore at odds with recent studies which
give special, or 'privileged', attention to disordered and dis-
cordant elements, and to subversions of conventional resolu-
tions. While Bradley saw Shakespeare as a highly individual
author, he did not present him as one who was impelled to
cause 'dislocations' and set up 'dialectical' oppositions within
a play. For example, he did not highlight the role of Edmund
in King Lear, as Jonathan Dollimore has done, in his Radical
Tragedy (1984), so arriving at this conclusion:

The notion of man as tragic victim somehow alive and


complete in death is precisely the kind of essentialist mys-
tification which the play refuses. It offers instead a
decentring of the tragic subject which in turn becomes the
focus of a more general exploration of human conscious-
ness in relation to social being - one which discloses hu-
man values to be not antecedent to, but rather informed
by, material conditions. Lear actually refuses then that au-
tonomy of value which humanist critics so often insist that
it ultimately affirms ....

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