WASA Design Manual Final Mar 09 PDF
WASA Design Manual Final Mar 09 PDF
WASA Design Manual Final Mar 09 PDF
Revision 1
March 2009
Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Of Trinidad and Tobago
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
Table of Contents.......................................................................................................... i
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23.5.1 Schematics......................................................................................................................... 15
23.6 Sketches ............................................................................................................................. 16
23.7 Symbology ......................................................................................................................... 18
23.8 10 Golden Draughting Rules ............................................................................................. 28
23.9 Standard Title Block Data Entry........................................................................................ 28
23.9.1 Project Title ....................................................................................................................... 28
23.9.2 Job Title............................................................................................................................. 28
23.9.3 Sheet .................................................................................................................................. 28
23.9.4 Drafted By ......................................................................................................................... 28
23.9.5 Designed By ...................................................................................................................... 29
23.9.6 Checked By ....................................................................................................................... 29
23.9.7 Approved By ..................................................................................................................... 29
23.9.8 Scale .................................................................................................................................. 29
23.9.9 File Path............................................................................................................................. 29
23.10 File naming convention ..................................................................................................... 29
23.10.1 General Name.................................................................................................................... 30
23.10.2 Block Name ....................................................................................................................... 30
23.10.3 Main CAD Types .............................................................................................................. 31
23.10.4 Architectural...................................................................................................................... 32
23.10.5 Schematic .......................................................................................................................... 33
23.10.6 Survey................................................................................................................................ 34
23.10.7 Engineering ....................................................................................................................... 35
23.10.8 Electrical............................................................................................................................ 36
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List of Abbreviations
AI Analogue Input
AO Analogue Output
ANSI American National Standard Institute
ARI Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers
AWWA American Waterworks Association
CAD Computer Aided Design
CIBS The Chartered Institution of Building Services
CPM Critical Path Method
CV Curriculum vitae
CVS Certified Value Specialist
DI Digital Input
DO Digital Output
DTC Direct Torque Control
EA Environnemental Analysis
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPA Environmental Protection Act
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
FIDIC Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs Conseils
(International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study
HFS Hydrofluosilicic Acid
HLPS High Lift Pumping Station
I&C Instrumentation and Control System (I&C)
I/O Input / Output
LOH Loss of Head
MCC Motor Control Centre
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Other References
This manual shall be used in conjunction with:
1. All rules, laws and regulations of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
2. Projects Tender documents
3. WASA requirements and standards
4. Policies and Guidelines from stakeholders
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design Approach & Approvals
2.1 Introduction
These guidelines do not supersede nor replace any legislation governing the design of such
treatment plants. Options and design optimisation are still to be conducted and investigated at the
prefeasibility level. The Consultants must be fully familiar with Trinidad & Tobago legislations
with respect to the design of water and wastewater infrastructure.
The guidelines and standards, as provided herein, were set by WASA in order to guide and frame
the engineering and consultancy works and assure a standardised and adequate design level in the
implementation of such systems. Approvals by WASA of infrastructures will require compliance
to these guidelines in conformity with WASAs Water and Wastewater Policies.
Since standards, technology and priorities evolve, this manual is aimed to be reviewed frequently
and consultants are to assure that they are using the latest revision.
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water, wastewater and linear services projects Design Approach & Approvals
population of Trinidad & Tobago. It covers a wide range of applicable standards and
characteristics that need to be considered in order to assure the minimal quality requested. Items
covered by this manual include the following:
1. Equipment redundancy
2. Architectural standard
3. Structural standard
4. Underground pipelines
5. Electrical standard
6. Mechanical standard
7. Instrumentation & control standard
8. Emergency standby diesel generator standard
9. Equipment coding system standard
10. Operation & maintenance manual standard
11. Water quality and treatment standard
12. Wastewater effluent and treatment standards
13. SCADA
2.4 Approvals
The Consultants shall comply with, and shall conduct all work with cognisance given to all
relevant statutory regulations and requirements, and where required, shall apply for all relevant
approvals or certificates.
In all cases, the Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA) should have granted approvals on the
outline and details of all projects prior to the installation of any facility. The WASAs
administrative procedures are part of another document that must be consulted.
In addition, all projects must meet Environmental Management Authority (EMA) approvals by
obtaining a Certificate of Environmental Clearance (CEC). Depending on the type of project, an
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) may be required as established by EMA.
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The Consultants shall comply with other stakeholders Policies and Rules, or tender documents.
They shall prepare all required documents for submission and review with WASA.
The Consultants must deliver to WASA a status report of all the applications for approvals
required for the project. Where there are outstanding approvals, the Consultants shall indicate the
time frame within which these approvals are expected to be in place.
Consultants are responsible for ensuring that plants designed by them comply with Acts, Codes,
Standards and Guidelines. The Standards and Guidelines provided in this manual are intended to
set the minimum acceptable standard and not to relieve them of their responsibilities to comply
with their legal and contractual requirements and obligations.
For detailed information about WASAs administrative procedures for review, including costs,
type and number of copies of documents to submit for approval, consult WASAs approval
process documentations.
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Storage Tanks
Pipelines
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Valves
Safety Valves
Specification for safety valves for steam and hot water PT 1 1984
Mixing Valves
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Various standards
Safety and control Devices for use in hot water systems BS 6283
Bitumen based hot applied coating materials for BS1 4147 1980
protecting iron and steel including suitable primers were
required
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Water Meters
Water Sampling
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Wastewater systems
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Process and Equipment Redundancy
4.1 General
The provision for process and equipment redundancy depends on the process and/or the
functionality of the associated process equipment. In the design of Water and Wastewater
facilities, Consultants must ensure that the level of redundancy for process and/or equipment is
provided such that the treated wastewater effluent or quality of the drinking water will be in
compliance with the Design guidelines & Environmental Management Authority (EMA)
Certificate of Environmental Clearance Rules or objectives at all times.
The current standard for provision of process and equipment redundancy level in water and
wastewater treatment plants is minimal. As existing plants are upgraded or expanded in the
future, key process equipments are to be provided with the redundancy level to safeguard the
supply of potable water or the discharge of treated wastewater to the environment.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Process and Equipment Redundancy
pressure reducing valves and water tanks do not require redundancy. See section 7 for more
details.
Main water trunk systems should allow for some level of redundancy by aiming for smaller
double parallel pipe layout with adequate valving rather than one large pipe diameter.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Water Distribution System
For all new communities, the Consultants shall establish the geodetic invert elevations and ties of
all water service connections at the street line. All of this information shall be incorporated on the
As-built plans. To avoid proliferation of booster stations and reservoirs within each
development, each project should be assessed through modelling of regional network and
optimum development scheme. WASAs Master Plan for Trinidad & Tobago should be reviewed
to grasp the bigger communities and regional planning priorities.
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Maximum Daily and Maximum Hourly Demand Factors as noted in the table below:
Peak Day
Peak Demands: Peak Hour
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3. Recommended flows to be used are (area is development area excluding major public streets,
freeways and railroad areas):
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Pressure zones with reservoirs should allow local pressure zone area of 40 to 80 psi (28 m to 56
m). In all cases, the pressure shall not be over 100 psi (70 m) and below 20 psi (14 m) for all
sectors supplied by the reservoir as recommended by the Regulated Industries Commission.
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5.3.5 Pressure
The maximum working pressure at the point of connection shall not be more than 550 kPa (80
psi) and the minimum shall not be less than 140 kPa (20 psi) under fire flow conditions or not
less than 275 kPa (40psi) under normal operating conditions.
Any localized area which has a working pressure in excess of 550 kPa (80 psi), shall be provided
with a pressure-reducing valve on the distribution main or on individual services as required.
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5.4.1 Velocity
The trunk system must be designed so the velocity shall not exceed 2.4 m/s in the peak hour flow
condition.
5.5.2 Location
In general, the location of watermains shall be off-set 1.5 m from edge of the Right-of-Way
boundary.
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5.5.5 Valves
On distribution mains, gate valves shall be provided at every watermain junction but not greater
than 500 m apart and shall be arranged and placed so that no more than 75 units (residential or
commercial/institutional) and 2 hydrants are shut off at any time. On transmission mains over
250 mm diameter, location of the valves should be determined by the Consultants in conjunction
with WASA, but shall not be greater than 1000m. Under normal circumstances on distribution
mains, 3 valves shall be provided on a tee intersection and 4 valves shall be provided on a cross
intersection. Line valves shall be the same size as the watermain up to and including 600 mm
diameter. On 750 mm diameter and larger watermains, one size smaller valve is permissible.
Single line valves up to and including 300 mm shall be buried. Valves and washouts larger than
400 mm shall be installed in adequately designed shallow valve boxes.
Pressure reducing or pressure sustaining valves and chambers are permitted. However, special
designs shall be incorporated to meet the requirements of the water system and of pressure zones.
Resilient seat gate valves are to conform to AWWA C509, up to 300 mm (12 inch) size, with a
non-rising spindle, to be opened by turning in a counter-clockwise direction. All bolts and nuts
shall be 304 or 316 stainless steel.
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Butterfly valves could be provided on watermains larger than 300 mm diameter and valve
selection must be done in consultation with senior design engineer and utility owner.
5.5.6 Hydrants
Hydrants for fire fighting shall be of a type familiar to and approved by the Trinidad and Tobago
Fire Service (TTFS). The connections are to meet BS336 as 2 x 63.5 mm diameter nozzles and be
installed as per fire service recommendation on all distribution watermains with the following
maximum allowable spacing:
Maximum Allowable Hydrant Spacing
Residential 250 m
All hydrants shall be conform with TTS 622:20XX (in process by TTFS) and AWWA practices.
Laterals shall have a secondary valve, valve box and anchor tee. Spacing of hydrants on all
distribution watermains shall be adjusted to allow for the installation of hydrants at high points
along the watermains and at all dead ends. Hydrants shall be located outside of the ditch line.
An isolating valve shall be provided on each hydrant lead. This valve shall exist completely in
the sidewalk or entirely out of the sidewalk and conform to the grade of the surrounding area.
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Glass reinforced plastic 450 mm to Gasketed Bell & AWWA C 950 - ASTM D 3754
(GRP) 3000 mm Spigot
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9. Every water service shall be metered in compliance with WASA policies. Design
calculations shall be done in accordance with AWWA M22. No soldered joints or fittings
shall be allowed before the meter or on the bypass valve. The volume of water delivered
to consumers must be measured by meters installed on all direct service connections.
Meters must conform to WASAs specification and must be installed, operated,
calibrated, and maintained following generally accepted industry standards and
information from the manufacturer. The meter setting shall be as close as possible to the
property line at the point of entrance of the water service connection.
10. Major water services 100 mm and larger shall be valved at the main. If the service crosses
the road, it shall be valved at the main and at the property line.
11. Pipe manufacturers recommendations shall be followed on the use of saddles when
tapping services to mains.
12. Services longer than 30 m to the meter in a single family dwelling shall be 25 mm in
diameter. No service shall be longer than 60 m without WASAs approval.
13. On high rise buildings or high buildings, where a booster pump is required, an approved
check valve must be incorporated before the pump.
14. Fire lines connected to any private fire system using chemicals are to be equipped with an
approved check valve and back flow fixture.
15. Minimum depth for water service line is 450 mm.
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break/km/year for more critical mains. For watermains with a higher break frequency
(based on structural failures), the watermain is to be replaced.
2. Soils investigation shall be undertaken to identify the aggressiveness of the existing soil
conditions, including resistivity, pH value and chloride ion concentration. Based on the
results of the soil investigation, the appropriate cathodic protection measure will be
determined.
3. Anodes used for protecting existing pipe shall be packaged 14.5 kg magnesium anodes at
a spacing to be specified by the Consultants.
4. All metallic pipe extension and services should be electrically isolated from the metallic
main.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Drinking Water Reservoirs
6.1 General
The design guidelines as provided herein are for the design of new or rehabilitation of existing
drinking water distribution reservoirs and shall be read in conjunction with the guidelines and
codes applicable to Trinidad & Tobago including those mentioned in section 3 Design Standards.
Where the higher standards have been specified or required, comply with such requirements.
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4. Prevent entry by birds, animals, insects, excessive dust, and other potential sources of
external contamination
5. The design shall include provisions for a lockable weathertight roof, a screened roof vent,
an overflow pipe with atmospheric discharge and sample collection capability.
6. Allow for future expansion of reservoir capacity to its ultimate capacity in an orderly
manner.
7. Tank floors should have adequate slope and finish to allow draining and cleaning.
8. Connection for pumps and washdown pump shall be made to the reservoirs fill line.
Overflow from the tank is not generally permitted at any time unless emergency conditions arise.
A separate instrumentation and control system shall be provided exclusively to prevent overflow.
When the water level reaches the high high level (HHL) condition, the instrumentation and
control system shall initiate the valve to shut off to prevent further water supply into the reservoir
and at the same time activate the reservoir high high level (HHL) overflow alarm condition to the
operator through the SCADA system.
Design tank to drain by gravity to the adjacent property drainage area. In the absence of
municipal storm drain, consider controlled discharge such as pumps and holding ponds. In all
cases, include adequate measures to control erosion of earthen channels or scouring of paved
sections.
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Design tank exterior exposed surfaces such as access hatches, doors etc are to be vandal resistant.
Ensure that all ventilation louvers to the reservoir are properly secured to prevent entry of foreign
material. All hatches are to be lockable and keyed to WASAs master lock system.
The exterior of tank shall be provided with high pressure sodium vapour light fixtures (vandal
and tamper resistant) with high power factor ballast and lamps suitable for horizontal, base up or
base down operation. The need for surveillance camera and alarms shall be assessed for each site.
All exterior access such as the valve house doors and reservoir roof access shall be provided with
locking devices.
6.8 Architectural
Comply with Section 14 Architectural Standards.
Design tank with valve chamber in front with access door and retaining walls.
The reservoir shall be architecturally designed to ensure that the exterior complements with its
surrounding environment. The exterior material and or finishes shall be designed to be
completely maintenance-free wherever possible. It shall be provided with two entrances and to
be without any windows. All openings in the exterior walls shall be equipped with insect screens
and vandal-proof louvers.
All roof drains shall have a dome protection. Drains inside the valve house shall have easily
accessible traps.
Roof access hatches shall be fabricated of aluminium frame with insulated cover and watertight.
It shall be provided with a snap lock with a removable handle for topside hardware, and recess
padlock complete with cover.
Floor layout shall allow for an easy access to all equipment inside the Valve House. Floor areas
shall be sealed with a waterproofing membrane and shall have a slip resistant finish. Interior
finish shall require minimum maintenance. Walls shall be treated with a waterproofing
membrane. Unless it is absolutely necessary, do not paint interior surface of Valve House.
All electrical equipment including control panel shall be located on the main floor. Interior
lighting shall be wall mounted fluorescent light fixtures, and readily accessible for replacement/
maintenance purposes (but protected against vandalism).
Landscaping within the property limits shall comply with the regional authority Site Plan
Approval requirements. It shall complement with the surrounding environment and require
minimum maintenance or watering. Select plant species that are native to Trinidad & Tobago.
6.9 Structural
Comply with Section 15 Structural Standards.
For new reservoirs, glass lined steel tanks should be prioritised. Reservoirs should have a
minimum of two (2) cells with isolation valves between the cells.
Reservoirs shall be designed to withstand all force imposed on them and be watertight.
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Interior of the tank shall be protected from corrosion by glass lining or other approved protection.
Stainless steel will not be acceptable because of chlorine attack.
For expansion of existing reservoirs, design new cell(s) capable of being isolated from existing
cell(s) for repair and or cleaning or to float independently on the water supply distribution
system.
Provide reservoir with an overflow piping capable of discharging the designed maximum inflow
of water to the reservoir. Design overflow capacity from each cell to meet maximum pumped
input and combine discharge with reservoir drain. Design drain to permit discharge of water in a
controlled manner to the site drainage system. Provide perimeter drainage system and prevent
erosion.
Provide access and ventilation shafts, two for each cell.
6.10 Mechanical
Comply with Section 19 Mechanical Standards.
Provide valve box as required to allow easy operation. Valve box shall be cast in place concrete
with a lockable stainless steel cover. Ensure that the stainless steel cover is designed to prevent
water from entering into the reservoir from the valve box.
Altitude valves with closing speed control are the preferred mode of control for inflow in the
reservoirs.
The overflow pipe shall be secured with a non-corrodible mesh screen (size 25 mm) installed
within the pipe at a location least susceptible to damage by vandalism.
Hardware inside the reservoir, ladders, handrails, safety chains and rails, equipment hatches,
gratings etc., shall be corrosion and chlorine resistant.
Internal manway from valve chamber to the reservoir, if provided, shall be chlorine resistant
material or Fibreglass.
6.11 Ventilation
Comply with Section 20 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Standards.
Provide dehumidification equipment in Valve House to reduce humidity below dew point.
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and at the same time activate the reservoir high high level (HHL) overflow alarm condition at the
Water Treatment Plant SCADA Control Room.
Reservoir PLC operation:
1. Reservoir Cell duty selection
2. Reservoir High Level
3. Reservoir High High Level
4. Reservoir Fire Zone Level
5. Reservoir Low Level
6. Chlorine metering pumps duty selection, manual or automatic mode (where required)
7. Chlorine residual set point, manually set by operator
8. Reservoir inlet/outlet control valve
6.13 Alarms
The following alarm points shall be monitored at the reservoir by the SCADA System:
1. Fire Alarms
2. Levels sensor indications in each cell
3. Chemical metering pumps uncommanded stop
4. Chemical metering pumps uncommanded start
5. High/low chlorine residual level
6. Low chemical liquid level in the tank
7. Low reservoir level, normally set at the fire zone
8. High, High water level
9. Chlorine gas alarm
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Potable Water Pumping Stations
7.1 General
The design guidelines as provided herein are for the design of new or rehabilitation of existing
potable water pumping stations and shall be read in conjunction with the guidelines and codes
noted in section 3.0 Design Standards. Where the higher standards have been specified or
required, comply with such requirements.
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Control systems shall include automatic and manual Start/stop control for each system.
7.7 Instrumentation
Provision shall be made for the visual indication of the suction and discharge pressure at each
pump and the common discharge line pressure. Provision shall also be made for the measurement
of flow using a flow meter or other reputable flow measuring device at each pump station.
Pressure switches shall be installed at the suction line of each pump at water pump stations. A
common discharge pressure switch shall be installed at water pump stations. The pressure
switches shall be set as to trip pumps at low suction and high discharge pressures and to start
pumps at the required pressure.
All pump stations shall be designed with due consideration for the effects of water hammer.
Adequate protection for adverse effects should be included in the design.
Instrumentation should include ammeters and voltmeter for each station and include motor
protection fixtures like thermal overloads and phase imbalance or loss protection. Disposition
should be taken to control moisture and condensation. Permanent pressure and flow monitoring
and recorder should be provided.
For additional information on I&C and SCADA systems requirements, refer to Section 17
Instrumentation & Control and Section 18 SCADA System for control system requirements.
7.8 Alarms
The following equipment or logic-defined alarms shall be generated for the following:
Building
Access Security Authorized and unauthorized entry
Building Smoke Smoke in building
Building Flood Flooding
Pump(s)
Overload trip
Thermistor trip
Bearing temperature
Fail to start
Fail to stop
High pressure
Low pressure
Uncommanded stop
Phase unbalance
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7.9 Ventilation
Comply with Section 20 Ventilation and Air Conditioning Standards.
Provide dehumidification equipment in pumping rooms to reduce humidity below dew point.
7.10 Architectural
Comply with Section 14 Architectural Standards.
The building shall be architecturally designed to ensure that the exterior complements with its
surrounding environment. The exterior material and or finishes shall be designed to be
completely maintenance-free wherever possible. It shall be provided with two entrances and to
be without any windows. All openings in the exterior walls shall be equipped with insect screens
and vandal-proof louvers.
All roof drains shall have a dome protection. Drains inside the valve house shall have easily
accessible traps.
Floor layout shall allow for an easy access to all equipment inside the pumping station. Floor
areas shall be sealed with a waterproofing membrane and shall have a slip resistant finish.
Interior finish shall require minimum maintenance. Walls shall be treated with a waterproofing
membrane.
All electrical equipment including control panels shall be located on the main floor. Interior
lighting shall be wall mounted fluorescent light fixtures, and readily accessible for replacement/
maintenance purposes (but protected against vandalism).
Landscaping within the property limits shall comply with the regional authority Site Plan
Approval requirements. It shall complement with the surrounding environment and require
minimum maintenance or watering. Select plant species that are native to Trinidad & Tobago.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Well Pumping Station Design
8.1 General
The design guidelines as provided herein are for the design of new or rehabilitation of existing
wells and shall be read in conjunction with AWWA Standard for Water Wells. Drilling and
construction of wells shall be supervised by a hydro-geological specialist and be tested for yield
and drawdown. A report of at least a 24-hour pumping test to determine yield shall be submitted.
Wells shall be located so that the drawdown of any well will not interfere with the required yield
of another well. The immediate 30 m radius surrounding of a well shall be protected from any
source of contamination (minimum well head protection).
It is important that wells and underground water supplies be always assessed through a Source
Water Protection program with regional coverage to assure sustainability and health protection
for users. The issue of redundancy must be captured in the number of wells within the area so to
allow operation on a rotational basis.
Water quality must be defined prior to the construction of the well. The water quality shall
respect WASA water quality standard as defined in Section and if required, adequate treatments
are to be provided to comply with the water quality standards. Treatment for all secondary
aesthetic standards should be included after confirmation by WASA. All chemicals, substances,
and materials added to or brought in contact with water in a public water system well shall have
either standard ANSI/NSF 60 or 61 certification.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Well Pumping Station Design
Every water supply well shall have a continuous bond concrete slab or well house concrete floor
extending at least 1 meter horizontally around the outside of the well casing. Minimum thickness
for the concrete slab or floor shall be 100 mm. For line shafts pumps, a pedestal shall be provided
to support the pumps and the shaft.
The annular space remaining above the seal must be grouted. The grout mixture should be
composed of Portland cement and powdered bentonite. The well must not be disturbed for at
least 48 hours after grouting to allow the grout time to set up.
Plumbing and alignment shall be in accordance with the pump manufacturer requirements.
Demonstration of well alignment shall be made by passing a 12 m long dummy through the inner
casing.
All pipes will have to be anchored to prevent movement and damages. The discharge pipe must
have a check valve and if applicable, an air release vacuum valve.
A water supply well shall be secured against unauthorized access (see section 14.10). All new
wells, and wells that have been repaired or reconditioned shall be cleaned of foreign substances
such as soil, grease, and oil, and then shall be disinfected.
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8.4 Alarms
The following alarm points shall be monitored (if applicable) at the reservoir by the SCADA
System:
1. Level sensor low level alarm
2. Chemical metering pumps uncommanded stop
3. Chemical metering pumps uncommanded start
4. High/low chlorine residual level
5. Low chemical liquid level in the tank
6. Chlorine gas detector alarm
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Well Pumping Station Design
Provide a remote processing unit RPU for local and remote control and monitoring of all
equipment through the SCADA MMI software.
Comply with Section 17 Instrumentation & Control and Section 18 SCADA System design
standard requirements.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
9.1 General
The following sections are the design standards and guidelines for water treatment plants, should
any new plants be constructed or existent plants be expanded or upgraded in the future to current
water treatment process standards.
The drinking water quality standards are a public health issue and have to be carefully set. The
following standards are based on the 2006 World Health Organisation (WHO) addendum 1 to
volume 3 maximum allowable concentration. Treatment systems or devices shall be piloted and
designed to ensure finished water quality conforms to the latest World Health Organization
(WHO) water quality standards
The water supply strategy shall adopt the multi barrier approach which will ensure safe drinking
water based on four barriers:
Source water protection
Water treatment
Distribution system integrity
Public information and legislation
Protection of wells recharge area (Source Water Protection) allied with concerted public
involvement and watershed management are recommendations that should be implemented as
part of a sustainable approach for drinking water. The aim is to frame the good practices needed
for assuring acceptable raw water quality at the intake of treatment plants. These
recommendations are specifically designed to ensure an adequate design, construction, sampling,
maintenance, and operation practices; and a provision of safe and high quality drinking water in a
reliable manner and in a quantity suitable for intended use.
All materials in substantial contact with potable water supplies shall conform to the ANSI/NSF
Standard 60 or 61. Examples of water system components that would be considered to be in
"substantial contact" with drinking water are filter media, storage tank interiors or liners,
distribution piping, membranes, exchange or adsorption media, or other similar components that
would have high potential for contacting the water. Materials associated with components such
as valves, pipe fittings, debris screens, gaskets, or similar appurtenances would not be considered
to be in substantial contact.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Notes on standards :
P=provisional guideline value as there is evidence of a hazard, but the available information on
health effects is limited; T=provisional guideline value because calculated guideline value is
below the level that can be achieved through practical treatment methods, source protection, etc;
A= provisional guideline value because calculated guideline value is below the practical
quantification level; C=concentrations of the substance at or below the health-based guideline
value may affect the appearance, taste or odor of the water, resulting in consumer complaints.
D=provisional guideline value because disinfection is likely to result in the guideline value being
exceeded;
9.2.1 Microbiological
Values for verification of microbial quality
Organisms value
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Benzene 10
Carbon tetrachloride 4
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 8
Dichlorobenzene, 1, 2- 1000 (C)
Dichlorobenzene, 1, 4- 300 (C)
Dichloroethane, 1, 2- 30
Dichloroethane, 1, 2- 50
Dichloromethane 20
Dioxane, 1, 4- 50
Edetic acid (EDTA) 600 Applies to the free acid
Ethylbenzene 300 (C)
Hexachlorobutadiene 0.6
Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) 200
Pentachlorophenol 9 (P)
Styrene 20 (C)
Tetrachloroethene 40
Toluene 700 (C)
Trichloroethene 20 (P)
Xylenes 500 (C)
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Values for chemicals from agricultural activities that are of health significance in drinking
water.
Alachlor 20
Aldicarb 10 Applies to aldicarb
Sulfoxide and aldicarb
Sulfone.
Aldrin and dieldrin 0.03 For combined aldrin
plus dieldrin
Atrazine 2
Carbofuran 7
Chlordane 0.2
Chlorotoluron 30
Cyanazine 0.6
2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 30 Applies to free acid
2,4-DB 90
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 1
1,2-Dibromoethane 0.4 (P)
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) 40 (P)
1,3-Dichloropropene 20
Dichlorprop 100
Dimethoate 6
Endrin 0.6
Fenoprop 9
Isoproturon 9
Lindane 2
MCPA 2
Mecoprop 10
Methoxychlor 20
Metolachlor 10
Molinate 6
Pendimethalin 20
Simazine 2
2,4,5-T 9
Terbuthylazine 7
Trifluralin 20
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Values for chemicals used in water treatment or materials in contact with drinking water
that are of health significance in drinking-water.
Bromate 10 (A,T)
Bromodichloromethane 10
Bromoform 40
Chlorate 700 (D)
Chlorite 700 (D)
Chloroform 200
Cyanogen chloride 70 For cyanide as total cyanogenic
compounds
Dibromoacetonitrile 70
Dibromochloromethane 100
Dichloroacetate 50 (T,D)
Dichloroacetonitrile 20 (P)
Monochloroacetate 20
Trichloroacetate 200
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6- 200 (C)
Trihalomethanes 350 The sum of the ratio of the
concentration of each to its
respective guideline value should
not exceed 1
Acrylamide 0.5
Epichlorohydrin 0.4 (P)
Antimony 20
Benzo [a]pyrene 0.7
Copper 2000 staining of laundry and sanitary
ware may occur below guideline
value
Lead 10
Nickel 70
Vinyl chloride 0.3
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Values for pesticides used in water for public health purposes that are of health significance
in drinking-water.
Value (g/litre)
Pyriproxyfen 300
Acceptability aspects
Parameter Aesthetic objective Operational
(mg/litre) objective (mg/litre)
Aluminium 0,2
Chloride 250
Colour 15 TCU <5 TCU
Hardness 150
Iron 0,3
Manganese 0,05
Silver 0,10
pH 6,5-8,5
Sodium 200
Sulfate 250
Sulfide 0,05
Total Dissolved Solids 500
Turbidity * < 5 NTU <1 NTU (See Note)
Zinc 5
* Turbidity operational objectives are dependant on removal credit and performance targets set for the specific
project. Refer to table 5, 6, and 7.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
The targeted organisms are frequently detected in surface water supplies of lakes, rivers
and occasionally in groundwater sources.
The targeted organisms have been known to have caused epidemics, some causing illness
to thousand of people;
The targeted organisms are resistant to disinfection. Thus, by eliminating the targeted
organisms, it is very probable that other less resisting organisms will also be eliminated.
Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts are considered among the most common intestinal
parasites found in the world.
The removal and inactivation of viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium to evaluate the
disinfection effectiveness of a water treatment facility is the preferred approach in most
jurisdictions having drinking water legislation.
Water is disinfected but never completely sterilized in the water treatment process. This
disinfection is a two (2) part process that includes:
Water sources are to be classified and the minimum treatment objectives for the removal of the
targeted objectives be as per the ones included in Table 1.0.
Log decimal is usually used as the method to evaluate organism elimination in a process train.
One log decimal corresponds to a 90% reduction of the original concentration, 2 log decimal
corresponds to 99% reduction and 3 log decimal corresponds to 99,9% reduction and so on.
The log removal for the reduction of the virus and parasites can be obtained either by a
combination of:
For a specific water treatment facility, the sum of the total log removal obtained by physical
removal and the total log removal obtained by inactivation must be greater than the treatment
objectives established in Table 1.0.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Table 1.0 Minimum treatment objectives for various raw water supplies
Class I water:
Class I water means surface water bodies (lakes, wetlands, ponds - including dug-outs), water
courses (rivers, streams, water-filled drainage ditches), infiltration trenches, and areas of seasonal
wetlands.
The minimum treatment objectives for raw water of Class I must necessarily be obtained with a
filtration system (conventional filtration, direct filtration, slow sand filtration or membrane
filtration). At least 0,5 log removal or inactivation of Giardia cysts and 2 log removal or
inactivation of viruses must be provided through the disinfection portion of the overall water
treatment process.
Note: Systems that rely on Sea water and brackish sources are considered surface water and must
also conform to these minimum requirements.
Class II water:
Ground water under the direct influence of surface water means ground water having incomplete
or undependable subsurface filtration. The following drinking-water systems are deemed to be
drinking-water systems that obtain water from a raw water supply that is ground water under the
direct influence of surface water:
A drinking-water system that obtains water from a well that is not a drilled well or that does
not have a watertight casing that extends to a depth of at least 6 meters below ground level.
A drinking-water system that obtains water from an infiltration gallery.
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A drinking-water system that obtains water from an overburden well, any part of which is
within 100 meters of surface water.
A drinking-water system that obtains water from a bedrock well, any part of which is within
500 meters of surface water.
A drinking-water system that exhibits evidence of contamination by surface water.
A drinking-water system in respect of which a written report has been prepared by a
professional engineer or professional hydro-geologist that concludes that the systems raw
water supply is ground water under the direct influence of surface water and that includes a
statement of his or her reasons for reaching that conclusion.
For drinking-water systems that rely on a raw water supply which is considered ground water
under the direct influence of surface water, filtration should always be incorporated prior to
disinfection. The filtration requirement could be waived if it can be demonstrated that raw water
average monthly turbidity is always below 1 NTU. In that case, the filtration could be replaced
by a double disinfection system consisting of UV radiation and chemical disinfection.
This class is for raw water which is considered groundwater meaning water located in subsurface
aquifer(s) protected by overlay aquitards which act as an effective filter to removes micro-
organisms and other particles by straining and antagonistic effect, to a level where the water
supply may already be potable. In all cases water turbidity must be below 5 NTU. Disinfection is
required as an additional heath risk barrier.
For surface water supplies, treatment objectives shall be adjusted to take into account the level of
pollution in the source. The minimum water treatment objectives are for raw water supplies of
good quality. For polluted sources, the level of treatment must be adjusted to the values included
in Table 2.0.
Table 2.0 Treatment objectives for Giardia, Cryptosporidium and virus versus fecal
coliforms contamination in the raw water supply
Fecal coliforms Treatment objective Treatment objective Treatment objective
concentration in the for Giardia for Cryptosporidium for virus
raw water (UFC/100
ml)
< 20 3 log 2 log 4 log
20 - 200 4 log 2 log 5 log
200 2 000 5 log 2 log 6 log
2 000 20 000 6 log 2 log 7 log
> 20 000 Must consider a change in the raw water supply
The fecal coliforms values shown in the Table are annual arithmetic average values for fecal
coliforms measured at the raw water source.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Once the treatment objectives have been determined, consultants must verify that the process
train selected or in place will provide sufficient treatment to attain the treatment objectives.
The treatment objectives must be achieved at all times including the critical seasons.
Table 3.0 presents a series of water treatment technologies which are generally known to achieve
log removal for virus and parasites.
Water treatment technologies can be combined to achieve the total log removal requires.
Table 3.0 Water treatment processes and capabilities for the removal of Giardia,
Cryptosporidium and virus
Physical removal
Conventional Yes Yes Yes
treatment (1)
Direct filtration (2) Yes Yes Yes
Slow sand filtration Yes Yes Yes
Microfiltration (3) No Yes Yes
Ultra and Yes Yes Yes
nanofiltration and
reverse osmosis
Chemical
inactivation
Chlorination Yes Yes No
Ozonation Yes Yes No
Chlorine dioxide Yes Yes No
Chloramines (4) No No No
Physical
inactivation
UV radiation Yes Yes Yes
1) Includes coagulation, flocculation, settling and filtration
2) Includes a coagulation with or without flocculation
3) Excludes a coagulation
4) If use as secondary disinfection
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
The evaluation of the water treatment process efficiency is done based on the physical removal of
the targeted micro-organisms and on the chemical and physical inactivation of the targeted
micro-organisms.
For a particular process train, the log removal of each process must be added to obtain the total
log removal for the water treatment facility.
Log removal = Sum of the log removal obtained from physical removal + sum of the log removal
obtained from chemical inactivation + sum of the log removal obtained from physical
inactivation
Performance credits for log removal can be allowed to various water treatment processes and for
various targeted micro-organisms.
Table 4.0 presents the log removal that can be obtained from various water filtration processes.
Table 4.0 Log removal credits for targeted micro-organisms for water filtration processes
Conventional filtration
In order to be considered conventional filtration and meet the 2,5 log removal credit for
Giardia cyst, the 2,0 log removal credit for Cryptosporidium oocyst and the 2,0 log removal
credit for virus, the filtration process must meet the following criteria:
Use a chemical coagulant at all times when the treatment plant is in operation;
Monitor and adjust chemical dosages in response to variations in raw water quality;
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Meet the performance criterion for filtered water turbidity of less than or equal to 0,30
NTU in 95% of the measurements each month.
Direct filtration
In order to meet the 2,0 log removal credit for Giardia cyst, the 2,0 log removal credit for
Cryptosporidium and the 1,0 log removal credit for virus, the direct filtration process must meet
the conventional filtration criteria above.
In order to meet the 2,0 log removal credit for Giardia cyst, the 2,0 log removal credit for
Cryptosporidium oocyst and the 2,0 log removal credit for virus, the slow sand filtration process
must meet the following criteria:
Continuously monitor filtrate turbidity from each filter or take a daily grab sample; and,
Meet the performance criterion for filtered water turbidity of less than or equal to 1,0
NTU in 95% of the measurements each month.
Because of the selective mechanisms of slow sand filtration, filtrate turbidity levels exceeding
1,0 NTU can occur as a result of passage of inorganic particles through the filter without
influencing the effective removal of harmful organisms. Temporary filtrate turbidity levels of
over 1,0 NTU therefore should not be interpreted as indicating an adverse water condition in the
absence of additional supporting evidence.
Membrane filtration
In order to meet the 3,0 + log removal credit for Giardia, the 2,0 + log removal credit for
Cryptosporidium oocyst and the 0 to 2,0 + log removal credit for virus, the membrane filtration
process must meet the following criteria:
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Meet the performance criterion for filtered water turbidity of less or equal to 0,1 NTU in
99% of the measurements each month.
Table 5 to 7 indicates the various Performance credits given depending on turbidity performances
and for various targeted micro-organisms.
4
Direct filtration 3 2.5 2 1.5 0
5
Conventional treatment 3.5 3 2.5 2 0
Slow filtration 2 2 2 2 2
4
Direct filtration 3 2.5 2 1.5 0
5
Conventional treatment 3 2.5 2 1.5 0
Slow filtration 2 2 2 2 2
4
Direct filtration 1 1 1 1 0
5
Conventional treatment 2 2 2 2 0
Slow filtration 2 2 2 2 2
Notes:
1 Based on one measure per 15 minutes for each filter
2 Based on one measure per 4 hours for combined filter
3 Based on one measure per 4 hours for each filter
4 With coagulation with or without prior floculation
5 With coagulation, floculation, clarification and filtration
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
The CT disinfection concept uses the combination of a disinfectant residual concentration (in
mg/L) and the effective disinfectant contact time (in minutes), to quantify the capability of a
chemical disinfection system to provide effective pathogen inactivation to the required level.
The use of this concept involves determining the CT values required at the actual, often variable,
operating conditions (flow, temperature and pH) and ensuring that the employed disinfection
process achieves these values at all times.
Varying degrees of disinfection can be attained by altering the type and concentration of
disinfectant, as well as the time water is in contact with the disinfectant. The decision to use one
type of disinfectant versus another will set the precedence for the remainder of the values needed
to attain the proper disinfection.
The log of inactivation obtained for a particular treatment step using chemical disinfection can be
determines as follows:
where T10 must be calculated for the maximum flow exiting the water treatment facility.
Refer to EPAs Technical Guidances for Implementation of the Microbial and Disinfection
Byproducts Rules for details.
Water treatment based on physical inactivation of parasites and virus is achieved by ultra-violets
(UV) radiation. UV disinfection technology is developing rapidly across the world. Contrary to
most of the other disinfectants, UV radiation does not inactive parasites and virus by chemical
action.
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems are used in many water treatment facilities to control
pathogens micro-organisms. UV units can be effective water treatment tools, but it is important
to recognize what UV can do, what its limitations are, and what maintenance is required.
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1) Surface water with chemically assisted filtration, direct filtration, slow sand filtration or
membrane filtration
2) Surface water sources also include groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water
3) For groundwater sources non under the direct influence of surface water
Refer to EPAs Technical Guidances for Implementation of the Microbial and Disinfection
Byproducts Rules for details.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Parameters Analysis
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
Notes:
All tests frequency should be done for the whole period. Each period of testing consist of minimum 60
continuous days. All surface water include ground water under direct surface influence (GUDI)
*1 To establish the dissolved element, filtration with 0.45 m paper should be done on site after
sampling and the filtrate be send to the laboratory.
*2 These tests should be done on site.
*3 For ground water, E.Coli testing is preferred.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
9.6.2 Monitoring
Water monitoring should be facilitated to allow monitoring of treatment efficiency at each unit
process.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
In a reservoir, the re-chlorination system shall be sized to provide an increase to the total chlorine
residual at the maximum inflow of water.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
provided. The chlorine piping and controls shall be configured to allow the use of the
standby chlorinator.
2. Two (2) chlorinators shall be provided for Post-Chlorination
Where plants have SCADA system, the chlorinators shall have the capability of being controlled:
1. Locally at the equipment
2. At the PLC/Manual
3. At the PLANT/Manual through the SCADA Human Machine Interface (HMI) using the
Graphics User Interface (GUI) main screen
The chlorinators shall be provided with the required switches to enable control of the feed rate
through the SCADA system.
Chlorination room:
If gas chlorination is used, the following safety steps must be taken:
Consult WASA "Chlorine Policy and Procedures General Guidelines" for the requirements of the
room and the preferred layout in the standard drawings.
1. The room dimension must allow for working staff to be able to work properly with no
risk or hazard to their safety. Allow for at least 1.5 m free corridor for passage and
operation around equipments.
2. The chlorinator and chlorine supply must be located in a separate, special room. The
sealed chlorine dioxide tank(s) shall be vented to the exterior of the building, with door
opening to out-of-doors and sign on door.
3. The ventilation start switch must be remote or door activated. The room must be properly
vented with minimum one air change per minute. The exhaust shall be near floor and the
fresh air intake near ceiling.
4. Scales must be provided with automatic switchover.
5. An observation window must be provided.
6. A gas mask must be provided and stored outside the chlorination room.
7. Chlorine gas detector shall be installed at each critical location.
The gas chlorination equipment room shall be provided with ventilation system that meets the
requirement set by regulatory standards.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
The hypochlorite chlorination system shall be positive displacement metering pumps with
capacity located in the Hypochlorite Storage Room. In general, the application points for the
hypochlorite chlorination system shall be located similarly to the gas chlorination system but the
system should be reviewed to ensure the needs of the treatment process has been complied.
Sodium and calcium hypochlorite facilities should include a cool, dark, dry, clean, above
ground and vented area for the storage and use of the hypochlorite disinfectant. For
hypochlorite facilities include covered make-up and feed solution tanks.
Where hypochlorite is used, provide a minimum of two metering pumps sized for
maximum day demand.
When calcium hypochlorite is used for disinfection, the tablets or granules shall be
completely dissolved in water prior to injection.
The liquid hypochlorite shall be injected into the common inlet/outlet pipe by a metering
pump and shall be controlled by the chlorine residual analyser or magnetic flowmeter.
Isolation valves shall be provided so that the analyser can sample water from the reservoir
inlet pipe only. The chlorination system shall only operate when the water is flowing into
the reservoir and the reservoir inlet valve is in the open position. Provide strainer on the
chlorine output to dosing pumps.
Isolate hypochlorite tank(s) in a separate containment area. Volume of containment area
to be equal to110% of volume of hypochlorite tank(s).
The level of the hypochlorite in tank shall be monitored by the field instrumentation,
which shall be connected to the SCADA System for the monitoring and alarm.
Provide air vent to chlorine reservoirs and assure sufficient ventilation of room to avoid
corrosion.
Hypochlorite solution in tank should not be diluted unless dilution water treated for
hardness.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Water Treatment Plants
UV units installed vertically should have the water outlet located at the top to allow the
chamber to completely fill with water and maximize water exposure to the UV lamp.
Similarly, UV units installed horizontally should have the water outlet directed upward.
The UV assemblies shall be accessible for visual observation, cleaning and replacement
of the lamp, lamp jackets and sensor window/lens.
A sufficient number (required number plus one) of parallel UV treatment systems shall be
provided to assure a continuous water supply when one unit is out of service.
Provide and have available on site at least one replacement lamp per unit and a 5 micron
replacement filter where applicable.
Provide with a mean of recording the water quality test data, dates of lamp replacement
and cleaning, a record of when the device was shutdown and the reason for shutdown,
and the dates of pre-filter replacement.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
2005 2020
Total ADWF without infiltration 280 (litres/ capita/ day) 252 (litres/ capita/ day)
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
AR 0. 80 AI AC
where, K av = AR AI AC
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
For all pipe materials, the coefficient of roughness should be set as 0.013.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
All concrete pipes, fittings and joints shall conform to ASTM standards C-76 or EN 641. All
concrete pipe to be manufactured to give Type V Sulfate Resisting Cement for all sub-structures.
Sulphate resistant cement or concrete shall be used for on site concrete pouring.
For flat curves, straight pipe with joint deflections is permissible. Maximum joint deflection shall
be 13 mm.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
finalizing the design. Prefabricated drops internal to the maintenance chamber are not
permitted on 1200 mm diameter maintenance chambers. Where the maintenance chamber
depth exceeds 10 m, provide safety grating.
4. Watertight and locking covers shall be provided on maintenance chambers located on all
easements and in areas where maintenance chambers are susceptible to flooding. Where
significant sections of wastewater mains are provided with watertight covers, extended
vents may be required which shall be determined by the Consultants on a case-by-case
basis. Frames and covers to be a floating style (NF80 or 90) capable of withstanding H-20
loading.
5. Tee maintenance chambers may be used for wastewater mains 1200 mm or larger in
diameter.
6. Sanitary sewer service connection to a maintenance chamber should be avoided.
However, it may be permissible should the proposed sanitary sewer service falls within
the same obvert elevation of the sanitary sewer entering the maintenance chamber.
7. For commercial and industrial establishments, an inspection maintenance chamber must
be placed at a location immediately behind the property line to service the lateral
connection.
8. All enclosures and rails should be corrosion resistant.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Design of Wastewater Collection System
Where the diameter of the lateral connection is greater than or equal to half the diameter of the
wastewater main, the connection shall be made with a tee-wye or wye connection.
The minimum and maximum cover at property line shall be 1.2 m and 1.8 m, respectively. A 2%
minimum grade for lateral connections shall be maintained. Pipe size change must be made
through similar quality eccentric pipe reducers.
Slope of Drain
Diameter of Drain
(mm) 2.0 % 4.0 %
Maximum No. of Fixture Units Per Connection
150 840 1000
10.11 Forcemains
10.11.1 System Design
All forcemains and thrust restraints shall be designed to withstand the maximum operating
pressure plus the number and timing of the pump cycles to which they will be subjected. If the
forcemains are subject to vaccum conditions, avoid plastic and HDPE pipes.
To allow pumping stations to be by-passed during emergencies or major modifications, all
forcemains shall be equipped with suitable valve connections to permit connection of discharge
piping from a portable pump.
Air release valves suitable for use with wastewater shall be positioned at all forcemain high
points. The valve shall be set horizontally and an insulated coupling, ball valve, and pipe union
shall be provided on each assembly to allow maintenance and removal of the air valve.
All plugs, tees and bends shall have approved design mechanical thrust restraints.
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The bedding requirements for the forcemains will depend upon the type and the class of pipe
used. As a minimum requirement, the forcemains shall be laid on 100 mm of sand bedding
material conforming to AASHTO type 7 or as indicated by the geotechnical study.
The type of backfill material will usually be determined from the location of the forcemain
within the right-of-way (ROW). Under the pavement, an approved granular backfill shall be used
with conformity to road structural support and design.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
11.1 General
These design criteria are minimum guidelines to be used for the comprehensive consideration of
domestic sewage treatment, or disposal systems and to establish the minimum design criteria
pursuant to existing state statutes pertaining to effluent quality necessary to meet state water
quality standards. These criteria are intended to promote the design of facilities in accordance
with good public health and water quality engineering practices.
This section deals with community collected sewage and does not cover the design of septic
tanks and associated secondary treatment and disposal systems. The design requirements for that
type of system can be found in TTS 16 80 400.
All inflow into the sewerage is assumed to meet the normal domestic water charges and quality.
All collected users are required to meet WASA TES 101-2004 Trade Effluent Standards for
Discharges into Sewers. These design standards supplements do not supersede the requirements
of the EMA and or any legislation relating to the design and operation of wastewater treatment
plants.
Whenever possible, existing data of flows and raw waste strength from the same plant or nearby
plants with similar service areas should be used in design of treatment facilities. When using
such data for design purposes, the variability of data should be considered and the design based
on the highest flows and strengths encountered during normal operating periods taking into
consideration possible infiltration/inflow. More information on wastewater design flows are
found in section 10.
There shall be no water connection from any public drinking water supply system to a
wastewater treatment plant facility unless made through an air gap or a backflow prevention
device, in accordance with AWWA Standard C506 (latest revision) and AWWA Manual M14.
All washdown hoses using potable water must be equipped with atmospheric vacuum breakers
located above the overflow level of the washdown area.
The subject of effluent reuse should be assessed in the preliminary design stage since there is a
considerable potential for the reuse of wastewater in irrigation of parks and gardens, agriculture
and horticulture, aquaculture and some industrial processes.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
In this regard, consideration should be given at the design stage, to the requirements for future
expansion as well as the economical and practical sizing of plant process requirements.
The Consultants should in all cases maximize the sites ultimate capacity in planning the plant
layout, which may be much higher than the capacity requirement. Designing of the expansion
works should be carried out to permit the orderly construction of the facility economically with
minimal disruption of the existing facility.
The piping within all plants shall be arranged so that when one unit is out of service for repairs,
plant operation will continue and emergency treatment can be accomplished. Valves and piping
shall be provided and sized to allow dewatering of any unit, in order for repairs of the unit to be
completed in as short a period of time as possible. Removed wastes must be stored for
retreatment or delivered to another treatment facility for processing. Consideration shall be given
in design for means to clean piping, especially piping carrying raw wastewater, sludges, scum,
and grit. H2S gas detectors shall be supplied with visual and audible alarms in order to protect
staff working at wastewater treatment plants.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
shredders are located 1.2 meters or more below ground level, appropriate equipment shall be
provided to lift the screenings to ground elevation. Where mechanically cleaned bar screens or
shredders are utilized, a backup unit or manually cleaned bar screen shall be provided. A means
of diverting flow to the backup screen shall be included in the design.
Inlet Works shall be sized to handle hourly peak flow into the facility. Peak flow is defined as the
average dry weather flow multiplied by the peak flow factor plus the allowance for infiltration in
the wastewater collection system (see section 10.2).
The Inlet Works shall be housed in a building and designed for ease of operation for the removal
of grit bin(s), screen, and cleanup of the facility so as to promote a positive working environment
for the Operators.
1. Provide screening compactor for the compaction of screening waste material.
2. Provide grit removal equipment sized to meet service requirements. Grit removal
facilities should be considered for all wastewater treatment plants.
3. All screenings and grit shall be disposed of in an approved manner. All wastewater
originating from the grit cyclone and classifier, automatic bar screen waste material bin,
compactor and grit bins shall be piped for return to the plant process stream.
4. Design the Inlet Works ventilation system, including all necessary interlocks, for proper
operation of the system. Control and instrumentation for the heating and ventilation
system shall be explosion-proof for all electrical equipment and system.
5. Provide instrumentation for monitoring of the operation of the grit cyclone and classifier,
automatic bar screens and compactor equipment in the Inlet Works. All monitoring and
alarming methods shall be fail-safe.
6. Provide metering of wastewater entering the Inlet Works or Outlet, depending on the
hydraulics of the headworks.
7. The ventilation systems shall be designed to maintain acceptable working and living
environments for personnel and non- destructive conditions for equipment. H2S gas
detectors shall be installed when such risks are present to working staff.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
accumulations. Elapsed operation time meters shall be provided for each bank of
ultraviolet lamps.
7. Provisions for routine cleaning such as mechanical wipers, high pressure sprayers,
ultrasonic transducers, or chemical cleaning agents are required. Quartz sleeve ultraviolet
systems shall have a chemical cleaning capability in addition to any ultrasonic and/or
mechanical wiper systems. Operators shall be protected from exposure to ultraviolet light
during normal operations.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Treatment Plants
To achieve these goals one aspect of the management program is to prevent pollution and install
measures to control runoff water quality. Experience in North America has shown that a key
component to a proactive approach is a clear and consultative environmental planning procedure
and the use of biological monitoring, particularly benthic community analysis. Possible strategies
to be implemented are:
Public education to prevent litter, pet wastes, and debris from street gutters and storm
drains
Provision of public disposal sites for used oil, antifreeze, paints, and other household
chemicals
Control of soil erosion on land, public parks and construction sites
Implementation of agricultural best practices to avoid nutrient and pesticide pollution
In new development areas, efforts should be made to attempt to maintain the volume of
runoff at predevelopment levels by using structural controls and pollution prevention
strategies.
Treatment processes may be necessary to diminish pollution. Storm drains and catch basins could
include some form of treatment technology to help minimize impact on local eco-systems. Urban
surface runoff quality control installations (detention ponds etc.) are often very effective for
suspended solids and oxygen-demanding matter controls.
11.17.3 Requirements
Unless otherwise directed by WASA, for all water and wastewater treatment facilities,
Consultants are to provide for means of reducing development site runoff during and after
construction. Minimizing these development impacts include simple techniques such as green
areas, erosion controls, maximizing infiltration, rooftop gardens, vegetated swales, buffers, and
preservation of trees.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
12.1 General
Consultants shall design wastewater pumping stations in accordance with WASAs requirements
and all other codes, guidelines, design standards etc. to ensure compliance. Studies shall assess
future growth so the facility design will provide sufficient space for future expansion work.
These guidelines are intended to establish the basic design parameters to be used in the
development of wastewater pumping stations. As each pumping station is inherently different,
the specific design for each pump station will be unique and sound judgment and acceptable
engineering practices are to be provided.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
causing a sewer backup or basement flooding, and shall be equipped with a dedicated overflow
alarm. A pressure gauge shall be provided at each pump discharge pipe above the flood line.
All fixtures, enclosures and rails shall be made of certified corrosion resistant material.
Provide required equipment for the safe retrieval of personnel in confined space. Provide lifting
devices for the removal and installation of equipment.
Provide a minimum of one (1) meter clear space around equipment for servicing.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
5. Provide floats controls as a backup to the ultrasonic pumps control system. Ensure that
the floats are installed complete with anti-sway hardware.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual
Station Size Building Type Number Of Pumps Standby Pump Type of Gen Set
Requirement Drives
1 Inflow less than 20 L/s. Typically small in-ground One (1) rated at peak flow. One (1) rated at Direct Drive Provide for
prefabricated submersible peak flow. with float connection to
pumping stations. Locate pumps in wet well. control mobile
Generator
2 Inflow greater than Submersible pumping station Two (2) pump For two or three Direct Drive Provide Gen Set
20 L/s but less than with wet well and configuration, each rated at pumps with ultrasonic sized for peak
200 L/s. superstructure for housing peak flow or configuration, one level control flow.
controls, MCC, standby (1) standby pump complete with
generator etc. Three (3) equally sized rated at the same backup float
pumps with two (2) in capacity of the control
parallel at peak flow. largest.
Locate pumps in wet well.
3 Inflow greater than 200 Pumping station with Same as station size For multiple pumps Direct and Provide Gen Set
l/s. superstructure in a dry well number 2 or Multiple pump over four (4) VFD with sized for peak
configuration. configuration. Design configurations, two ultrasonic flow.
pumping system for most (2) standby pumps. level control.
Pumps could be of efficient configuration for rated at the same
submersible type. peak flow. capacity of the (VFD with
largest unit bypass for
Locate pumps in dry well. Direct Drive)
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual
In all cases, provide at least one standby pump with equal capacity to the biggest operating
pump.
Provide variable frequency drive pump(s) where there is a need for continual flow from one
pumping station to the next pumping station or wastewater treatment plant. The final design
decision shall be based on good engineering practices. In no case shall the minimum design
discharge velocity be less than 0.8 m/s.
Where required, as dictated by the characteristics of the wastewater flowing into the pumping
station, provide an automatic screen complete with compactor and grit bin and/or comminutor.
Provide an emergency standby diesel generator.
5. A force main must terminate below a manhole invert with the top of the pipe matching
the water level in the manhole at design flow.
6. Depending on the size of the forcemain, isolation valves shall be resilient seated full port
gate valve or knife gate. Knife gate valves shall only be allowed on the suction piping
from the wet well to the pump when space is limited and the hydraulic head is less than 6
meters.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual
7. Sluice gates shall be fabricated from stainless steel. Operators shall be located at ground
level. Sluice gates shall only be allowed for isolation of the trunk sewer from the wet well
or to isolate two wet well compartments.
8. The piping from the pump to the forcemain shall be designed for horizontal connection
and not vertical.
10. All valves shall be located in the horizontal position. Valves are not permitted to be
installed in the vertical position.
11. Air relief, air-vacuum release, or combination air release and vacuum valves shall be of a
type and brand manufactured for the specific purpose in sewage service, and shall be
provided at critical locations in the pump station and force main. For each air-valve
assembly, the pipe-nipple connection to the manifold and all other piping in the assembly
shall be copper. An insulated coupling, ball valve, and pipe union shall be provided on
each assembly to allow maintenance and removal of the air valve.
13. Provide isolation valve on the discharge header prior to it leaving the pumping station.
14. Provide horizontally placed anti-slam check valves on all pump discharge headers.
15. A force main must terminate in an appropriate structure and either at a manhole on the
wastewater collection system or at a wastewater treatment facility
16. A force main design must include surge control measures to manage pressure due to
water hammer that may exceed the working strength of a force main pipe. Provide for
surge protection by installing soft start/stop electrical control equipment or surge control
on pumps main discharge header and recycle wastewater to the wet well above top water
level (TWL).
17. Properly located and sized pipe supports shall be provided. No loads shall be transmitted
to pump flanges. All pipe restraints shall be designed to resist maximum expected surge
and earthquake forces. Pipe restraints shall be adequately anchored for vertical and lateral
support.
12.11 Corrosion resistance
The wet well interior and exterior concrete surfaces shall be corrosion resistant and receive as a
minimum two coats of a coal tar epoxy coating to protect the concrete from the corrosion due to
hydrogen sulfide in the influent sewage. HDPE lining is also an adequate means to ensure
protection of concrete.
Type 316 stainless steel should be specified for guide rails, brackets, bolts, nuts, structural steel,
supports, and stairs. Fiberglass grating and ladders are recommended. The exterior of ductile iron
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual
piping shall be epoxy coated. Corrosion resistant materials should also be specified for electrical
components.
12.14 Ventilation
Stations with pumps in a dry well shall be designed with ventilation systems for the dry well to
be a Class 1 Division 2 classification per NFPA 820. At a minimum, separate ventilation systems
shall be provided for the wet well and dry well. Interconnections between the dry well and wet
well ventilation systems are not allowed.
Ventilation of a wet well under normal operating conditions is not required.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual
For entry for maintenance and/or operation functions, provide intermittent positive ventilation in
the well with 30 air changes per hour. The ventilation system in the well shall be started
manually by a switch, which will also turn on the lights in the wet well.
If continuous positive ventilation is provided, then it shall have six (6) air changes per hour under
normal operating conditions.
Ventilation ducts shall be maintenance free and shall preferably be fibreglass or plastic with an
unpainted finished surface. All ventilation equipment such as dampers, fans or motors shall be
readily accessible for maintenance and servicing.
Provide dehumidification equipment in dry wells to reduce humidity below dew point.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual
grease and solid content of the wastewater. A pressure gauge shall be installed on the suction and
discharge side of each pump that is installed in a dry well, and in the valve vault on the discharge
side of each submersible pump.
The following equipment or logic defined alarms shall be generated by the PLC/RPU at the
pumping station and transmitted to the SCADA system:
1. Building:
Access Security Authorized and unauthorized entry
Building Smoke in building
Building Flooding in basement
2. Wet Well / Dry Well :
Pump(s)
Overload trip
Thermistor trip
Fail to start
Fail to stop
Uncommanded stop
Low pressure
Overflow
3. Diesel Generator:
Fail to start
Fail to stop
Overload
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
Siting of the lagoon must be established with careful consideration to soil, hydrogeological
characteristics, surrounding land uses, and protection of public health and water quality. Wind
direction shall be assessed in order to prevent public nuisance.
Multi celled basins with two parallel lagoons are the minimum configuration in order to allow
capacity for maintenance of the lagoons. The lagoons should be capable of operating as a single
or two-step unit. Retention time must be calculated based on end objective of disposal indicated
by WASA. Slopes should be seeded and runoff prevented from entering the lagoons. The liner
must be installed in order to protect from infiltration with monitoring wells included for control.
Lime addition should be included if odor becomes be nuisance.
Stabilisation ponds must be designed to allow easy access for loading and unloading septage. Site
must be fenced and signage should indicate the hazard.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
Considerations should be given to sludge treatment at centralized facilities at key plants. Consult
with WASA with regards to examination of social, financial and technical issues.
Sizing requirements must be determined using the BOD5 and design flow of the raw sewage
influent to the plant. Alternative stabilization techniques like composting, wet oxidation and
other processes shall include the demonstrated level of stabilization achieved by the process to be
employed.
A digester shall provide a minimum sludge retention time of 15 days. This volume should be
provided in two cells capable of operating as a single or two-step unit. Provisions shall be made
to include an effective means of removing solids from the digester.
Anaerobic digesters are to be in a covered facility. Digester covers shall be equipped with an air
vent which includes a flame trap, a vacuum breaker, and a pressure relief valve. The sludge and
supernatant withdrawal piping for all single-stage and first-stage digesters with fixed covers shall
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
be arranged in such a manner so as to minimize the possibility of air being drawn into the gas
chamber above the liquid in the digester. All digester covers shall include a gas chamber
adequate for the gas production anticipated. Digester covers shall be gas tight and the
specifications shall require a test of every digester cover for gas leakage.
The gas piping shall be adequate for the volume of gas to be handled and shall be pressure tested
for leakage before the digester is placed into operation. The main gas line from the digester shall
have a sediment trap equipped with a drip trap. Drip traps shall be provided at all other low
points in gas piping. A natural or bottled gas source shall be utilized for the burner pilot. Flame
traps with fusible shutoffs shall be included in all main gas lines. The gas line to the waste gas
burner shall include a suitable pressure, vacuum, relief valve, flame checks or flame traps. The
main gas line shall be provided with a manometer or other acceptable devices which measure the
gas pressure in inches of water. Manometers may be used to measure the gas pressure in other
gas lines. All manometers shall be vented to the atmosphere outside digester buildings. A gas
meter to measure the rate of gas production is desirable. All rooms in digester buildings with
floor level below grade shall be adequately ventilated.
The discharge end of sludge inlet piping shall be separated from the overflow of the supernatant
liquor withdrawal point by a minimum distance equal to the radius of the digester tank. Every
digester shall be provided with an overflow. A means shall be provided by which the level can be
varied from which supernatant liquor is withdrawn either automatically or by the operator. If this
means is by withdrawal of pipes at different levels in the digester, at least three different levels
of supernatant liquor withdrawal shall be provided. All supernatant liquor withdrawal systems
shall be provided with sampling cocks or other means of inspecting and testing the supernatant
liquor from each level. Piping for hot water heating systems may be of any size adequate for the
flow. The fresh water supply to hot water heating systems shall be from a tank with an air gap
between the top of the tank and the fresh water supply pipe to prevent a cross connection
between the digester hot water system and the fresh water supply system.
Supernatant liquor from anaerobic digesters may be treated by chemical means or other
acceptable methods before being returned to the plant.
13.5 Dewatering
Sludge shall be dewatered sufficiently to meet the requirements of the ultimate form of disposal.
As part of the biosolids handling and disposal process, the dewatering facility will also require
the construction of a cake receiving and transfer facility to enable the hauling of the cake to
landfill site or to the incinerator.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Wastewater Pumping Stations
The filtrate (or drainage) from the sludge drying beds shall be returned to the head of the
treatment works or to the aeration system.
A splash block or slab shall be provided at the point where digested sludge is discharged onto
each of the beds. Appropriate means shall be provided to facilitate the removal of the dried
sludge from the beds for disposal without bed damage resulting. Every sludge drying bed should
include a removal gate or stop planks on one end to provide access for machinery and trucks to
remove and haul away the dried sludge. A minimum depth of 300 mm of filtering material, of
which 100 to 150 mm is coarse sand, is required. To exclude surface water and eroded earth, the
bed shall be protected by a permanent wall which shall extend at least 300 mm but not more than
600 mm above the finished surface of the beds.
13.5.2 Vacuum filters, belt filters, belt filter presses, and other mechanical
dewatering filters
Where dewatering of sludge is proposed, the design engineer shall provide data to document
sufficient capacity, alternate disposal means, or storage facilities capable of maintaining normal
daily operations during breakdowns, upsets, etc.
The filtrate from the filters shall be returned to the head of the treatment works or to the aeration
system. Consideration shall be given to the impact of the returned filtrate on the treatment units
and to provide odor and insect control facilities.
If sludge is to be treated using portable mechanical dewatering units, provisions shall be made in
the facility plan or preliminary engineering report for the location and connection of the portable
dewatering unit(s) during facility operation.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Architectural Standards
14.1 General
These design criteria are minimum guidelines and establish the recommend WASAs design
standards. Architectural design criteria are to allow Water and Wastewater infrastructure
facilities to be:
1. Energy efficient;
2. Have minimal maintenance requirements; and
3. To withstand vandalism
4. Is conforming to requirements specified in the Occupation Safety and Health Act
(OSHA).
5. Allocate sufficient space for hygiene and safety, and provision for fire
6. Be able to withstand hurricane/earthquake for the region.
7. In all cases, designs must comply with the architectural code of practice and Trinidad &
Tobago Small Building Code.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Architectural Standards
14.4 Windows
Where possible, design plants with a minimal number of windows on the ground floor level
unless they are located on a secured site. For pumping stations or other such facilities, minimize
the number of windows and where possible, avoid windows altogether. As much as possible,
consider aluminium windows with anodic (clear or colored) or epoxy finishes.
14.5 Doors
All exterior doors shall be insulated metal doors complete with touch-bar devices and concealed
vertical rod devices.
The minimum width of all doors shall be equal to or greater than 900 mm and shall be provided
with a minimum of four hinges.
All exterior doors shall be provided with extra heavy-duty closer mechanism.
All exterior doors shall be keyed to WASAs master key lock system, where applicable.
14.6 Ceiling
Where ceilings are specified, provide drop-in ceiling tiles having high sound-transmission
resistance characteristics selected for the use intended.
Ceiling tiles shall be washable matte white finish with light reflectance of LR-1 (over 75%).
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Architectural Standards
14.10 Landscaping
Design landscape requiring minimal maintenance work to meet the regional Site Plan Approval
requirements. Specify only native plant or tree species in Trinidad & Tobago for landscaping
design, which requires minimal watering.
Sod shall be provided only to areas, which are required immediately for the proper functioning of
the plant. All other areas shall be seeded and mulched.
Landscaping shall be designed with minimum maintenance requirements such as watering or
mowing of grass.
Exterior of building is to be fenced with 2.1 m high steel wire wall with razor wire. Double
swing gates are to be installed with an adequate locking device.
Vehicular access to pump stations shall have a minimum five meter wide paved road at a 15
percent maximum slope, unless otherwise approved by WASA. Site layout of the pump station
shall take into consideration vehicle access. Provisions shall be made for adequate turning radius
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and room for outriggers for WASAs equipment, such as dump trucks, backhoes, and crane
trucks required for the removal of equipment.The need for surveillance camera and alarms shall
be assessed for each site.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Structural Standards
15.1 General
Comply with applicable Acts, Codes or Design Guidelines as detailed in Section 3.0 Design
Standards.
For all non-water retaining structures, design structures in accordance with Ultimate Strength
Design (USD). For water retaining structures, design structures in accordance with Working
Stress Design.
Designs must assure that the structures are to sustain regional earthquakes and hurricane events.
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Burgas Regional Water Company Project Implementation Unit
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Structural Standards
- Type I Ordinary Portland Cement for all superstructures (above grade works).
- Type V Sulfate Resisting Cement for all sub-structures (below grade works).
The minimum strength requirements, based on 28 days compressive strength as determined by
tests on concrete cylinders according to ASTM, are as follows:
Minimum Strength Requirements for Concrete
Concrete Strength PSI
Type of Construction
(N/mm2)
Unreinforced Concrete, Lean Concrete 10 1,450
Encasement, Duct Banks, Cast in Place 3,600
25
Concrete Curbs
Superstructures 35 5,000
Sub-structures 35 5,000
Waterproofing shall be applied to all concrete surfaces in contact with soil or liquids.
For hot weather concreting, Consultants must ensure that specifications include provisions for
procedures in conformance with American Concrete Institute (ACI) Recommended Practice 305,
Hot-Weather Concreting.
Do not use brackish water or seawater in any connection with masonry construction.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Structural Standards
3) Steel structures shall be fabricated in accordance with ASTM A36 and reviewed shop
drawings. Welding must be done by a shop certified for both shop and field structural
welding.
4) Quality control: - Inspection and testing of materials and workmanship will be carried out
by a testing company designated by the WASA.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Electrical Standards
16.1 General
All designs must comply with the electrical code of practice TTS 171: Parts 1 & 2: 2002 of
Trinidad & Tobago and the National Electrical Code of USA. Comply with applicable Acts,
Codes or Design Guidelines as detailed in Section 3.0, Design Standards.
All materials and equipment supplied shall be suitable for being delivered, stored and operated
under tropical conditions of high temperature, high humidity, heavy rainfall, mildew and fungus
conductive environments.
2. In general, the Consultants shall allow for an average of twenty-five (25) letters per
nameplate.
3. Nameplates for terminal cabinets and junction boxes are to indicate system and/or voltage
characteristics.
4. Nameplates for disconnected switches, starters and contactors shall indicate the
equipment being controlled and the operating voltage and shall be mounted externally on
switch box cover. Typical identification Pump No. 1, 400 V, 3 phase. Plates shall be
installed and secured with self-tapping screws except on the inside of panel doors where
gluing will be permitted.
5. Nameplates for terminal cabinets and pull boxes shall indicate system and operating
voltage.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Electrical Standards
6. Nameplates for transformers shall indicate capacity, primary and secondary voltages, tap
range and steps, % impedance and vector group.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Electrical Standards
floor mounting, freestanding, dead front, completely enclosed control assembly and
accommodating front mounting combination starters and circuit breakers.
All motor starters shall be equipped to provide under-voltage release and overload protection on
all three phases. Motor starter coil and contacts shall be easily replaceable without removing the
motor starter from its mounted position or without the removal of the phase conductors. Fuses
shall be provided on the primary and secondary sides of the control power transformers and
separate power control transformers for each motor starter.
It is recommended that all switchboards and motor control centers be installed in enclosed
buildings.
16.8 Transformers
Consultant to review the project load profile and select transformers to obtain peak loading
between 60-80%. Adequate ventilation/cooling shall be provided for transformers enclosed in
closets.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Electrical Standards
9. Maximum available fault current, 3 phase and phase to ground for the 400 volt system.
10. Main 230 volt breaker and characteristics.
11. Largest 230 volt distribution breaker and characteristics.
12. Maximum available fault currents, 3 phase and phase-to-ground for the 230 volt system.
13. Maximum available fault current RMS symmetrical at each panel.
14. Establish the required settings for all ground fault relays.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Electrical Standards
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Electrical Standards
16.9.6 Lamps
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Instrumentation & Control
General
Conform to the design standard as stipulated herein to ensure that the design of all
instrumentation and control systems are uniform and consistent for seamless integration to
existing system.
The main instrumentation and control components shall be interconnected to establish a complete
control hierarchy.
All materials and equipment supplied shall be suitable for being delivered, stored and operated
under tropical conditions of high temperature, high humidity, heavy rainfall, mildew and fungus
conductive environment.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Instrumentation & Control
The engineering will include detailed drawings showing connection of the instruments and
equipment status signals into a Local Control Panel, which will also act as a termination cabinet
for all input and output signals to and from the PLC/RPU dedicated to the process area. The
signals will connect to the SCADA system through the PLC/RPU.
Control actions and the philosophy for control of the process will be defined by means of Process
& Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs) and control narratives. These will be reviewed for conformity
with the guidelines and will form as a part of the documentation package.
A review of the SCADA system and the software implementation of the process design
requirements will be undertaken and include as a minimum, the following items:
1. Drawing/Specifications review
2. Factory or office simulation acceptance tests (FAT)
3. On-site functional acceptance tests (SAT)
17.1.2 Interlocks
In LOCAL control from the Local Control Panel, the PLC/RPU software interlocks shall no
longer be functional. Any personnel or equipment safety interlocks must be protected by means
of hardwired interlocks, which will interrupt operation of the equipment until the condition is
reset in the field. The following interlocks are possible hardwired protective interlocks and
several of these are intrinsic to the design of motor control systems and each system must be
evaluated on an individual basis. In several instances, software interlocks are sufficient to
provide adequate protection.
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Hardwired protective interlocks shall be provided in accordance with the following table:
Interlock Application
Pressure Protection of piping, valves, pumps from high pressures (pipe blockages,
closed valves, etc.); and
Low pressure protection for run out conditions
Temperature High temperature protection against overheating (motors, pumps, etc.).
Level Low level cutouts of pumps; and,
High level overflow protection (chemical tanks, reservoirs, etc.).
Flow No flow conditions - running pumps dry.
Vibration/Motion Damage to motor/pump/piping from excessive vibration.
Torque Valves - end of travel protection; and,
Pump shafts.
Current Motor overcurrent protection.
Voltage Motor over/undervoltage protection.
Prime/Seal Pump protection.
Limit Pump/valve operation in combination (pump discharge valves).
Gas Detection Personnel protection against hazardous and/or explosive gases and lack of
oxygen.
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Local indicators shall be provided for all transmitters. Where manual operation of valves or other
equipment is required, based on a transmitter signal value, the indicator shall be located adjacent
to the valve or equipment local control panel.
17.1.4 Indicators
Indicators shall be provided with the following characteristics:
1. Local indicators shall read as follows:
Temperature direct reading in C
Level 0-100 uniform as % of calibrated range
Flow direct reading in m3/hr
Pressure direct reading in bars or metres
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4. Provide automatic control for equipment that is operated on a frequent basis. (Initial plant
start-up and commissioning modes should be considered here.)
5. Equipment used infrequently should not be automated but shall be provided with full
manual control unless stipulated otherwise.
6. Where the increased downtime required by a manual changeover is not important, and the
level of the manual operation required is not significant, do not implement automation.
7. For manually operated valves whose position is required to be known by the SCADA
system, position indications via limit switches shall be provided.
8. Where motorized valves are installed, the valve position (limit switches) and its service
status (local/remote) is required. For control of manual valves from the PLC/RPU in
future automatic programs, provide control wiring from the manual valve to the Local
Control Panel or PLC/RPU cabinet at the time of construction.
9. The PLC/RPU shall monitor the number of starts per hour and should the number of starts
exceed the setting of the program an alarm shall be generated. Should the equipment fail
to start after three consecutive attempts, the control system shall inhibit any further
attempts to start the piece of equipment. An alarm shall be generated and indicated at the
SCADA workstations.
10. The PLC/RPU shall monitor all equipment and should the equipment fail to stop, the
control system shall generate an alarm immediately, which will be displayed through the
SCADA system.
11. The PLC/RPU shall also monitor:
Equipment fails to open/start or fail to close/stop.
Power Supply loss of phase.
Process parameters and analytical instruments.
Uncommanded open/start or close/stop.
Equipment status, field alarm conditions, etc.
The control system shall generate an alarm immediately through the SCADA
system.
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7. Power-on indicator.
For a VFD/motor control system, in the event of a shutdown of the variable frequency drive due
to a fault condition, the drive shall stay shut down until the fault is removed and the drive reset
locally at the starter.
17.1.11 Services
Electrical supplies for the PLC/RPU panel shall be provided. A minimum of three 230V AC, 15
A lighting panel supply, from the same phase, shall be allowed for, and conduit and wiring
installed from the panel to the PLC/RPU cabinet location.
Additional dedicated conduit runs shall be provided from the PLC/RPU cabinet location to the
designated building cable tray or cable access point, for the future installation of communication
cables.
17.1.12 Documentation
Documentation and drawings are to be included as part of the complete Instrumentation &
Control/SCADA package.
Process & Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs) showing tag numbers of all inputs and outputs. ISA
tag numbers shall be used for PI&Ds, loops to be from assigned blocks.
Loop drawings for analog devices showing clearly the relationship between primary and final
elements, all terminals, wire tags, etc.
Provide process/control narratives in the English language.
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Provide all logic flow diagram of control functions and actions to control process including
normal start-up, normal shut-down, emergency shut-down and alarm scenarios.
Interface wiring definition in tabular format, providing the following information with the
following headings:
1. Instrument/signal identification number.
2. Process function or service.
3. Field contact status to achieve function (for DIs) or analog signal type (4-20 mA).
4. Instrument range and engineering units.
5. Calibrated range.
6. Setting (as required for function alarm, safety, interlock).
7. DI, DO, AI or AO with respect to PLC/RPU.
8. Local control panel terminal block identification.
9. PLC/RPU cabinet termination point.
10. Software function required (alarm, monitor, control, interlock).
The tabular format shall be produced in a MS-Excel/MS-Access file format.
Local control panel(s) wiring diagrams, showing field and interface terminations.
Dimension layout drawings of local panel(s) with full legend plate and bill of material
information for internal and panel mounted equipment.
Record drawings for all modifications within existing panels or cabinets, showing interface
terminations between old and new equipment.
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual SCADA System
General
The use of the SCADA system technology in water and wastewater treatment plants in Trinidad
& Tobago has not been systematic. However, consideration should be given for the inclusion of
such a system in new plants or retrofitting to existing plants when they are expanded or upgraded
in the future. The SCADA system offers the following advantages:
1. Reduces plant energy consumption from process equipment
2. Reduces plant consumption of chemical by monitoring and feedback to the chemical
metering system
3. Monitors personnel safety
4. Monitors plant security
5. Monitors plant effluent and water quality
With confirmation from WASA, Consultants shall apply directives from the following
documents in order of preference:
WASA has developed SCADA System and Management Standards related to I&C and SCADA
systems. All design and development of I&C and SCADA systems need to follow these
standards, unless specifically told otherwise by WASA in writing. Consultants shall refer to the
following documents produced by Genivar MAAK as part of the WASA Masterplan:
If specifically indicated as not applicable or if the specific item is not covered by these reports,
the following recommendations (following sections) shall be applied.
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The SCADA system has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment, which will provide a
Human Machine Interface (HMI) to the operators for real-time control and monitoring of the
facility or system.
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At the PLANT Level, through the HMI, it shall provide all the operating information such as
historical trending, real-time trending and alarm prioritizing. At this level the system generates
reports, logs data, and provides a link to other systems, where required.
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Automatic Control
Equipment that is normally frequently operated shall be automated and software interlocks will
be provided in the automatic program to protect equipment and personnel.
Infrequently operated equipment shall be capable of manual operation through the SCADA
System. Safety interlocks shall also be incorporated for all manual operation through the SCADA
system.
For process that is critical to the facility operation and where manual operation of such processes
is not feasible for prolong periods of time, local automatic control system shall be implemented.
This includes both local and compound loop controllers.
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3. Software Interlocks
4. Logic Flow Diagrams
5. Virtual Points generated by PLC/RPU and/or HMI
6. Options for Process Control
7. Setpoints for Each Process
8. Emergency Procedures (Shutdowns, etc.)
9. Troubleshooting
10. Field Adjustable Timers (Equipment, Modes of Operation)
11. Tagging/Description
The format used to describe the required process operation and automatic control sequences to be
implemented in the PLC/RPU shall be as follows.
1. GENERAL
2. BACKGROUND
Presents the terms of reference and purpose of the document.
3. PROCESS OVERVIEW
This Chapter introduces the entire process and briefly describes the major steps involved
and their sequence. It is intended to outline the scope of the work and its general form.
4. CONTROL SYSTEM STANDARDS
This Chapter refers to the standard methods or guidelines that are being conformed to in
the work. These standards and typically defined in other documents. A list of these
documents should be included here.
Also include information that is common to all equipment but not described in other
documents. This avoids repeatedly describing it in the more detailed information that
follows. Any general deviation from the above standards should be elaborated upon in
sub-sections. These could include control modes, I/O interface, alarm horns, alarm
acknowledgement, etc.
5. SYSTEM
1. Sub Process #1 Title
This title identifies the first portion of the process that uses one or more pieces of major
equipment. This sub-process performs a distinct function that is the first major building
block of the entire process.
This section briefly describes the major functions of this sub-process and its scope.
The extent of each of these building blocks is defined in terms of the material going in
and out of each block.
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2. Equipment
A list of equipment including a brief description, equipment code, and location shall be
presented here.
3. Control Modes
The locations from where each component may be controlled are listed here. If there are
any exceptions to the standards, these are noted here.
4. List of I/O Points
All instrument signals for this equipment are listed here, grouped by device. For example,
a large pump has 3 digital inputs (status, control mode, general alarm) and 2 digital
outputs (start, stop).
5. Control Logic
Control logic shall be used for any equipment required to be operated in the AUTO mode.
For AUTO logic which is hard wired, a description of this shall be provided. If the
equipment is PLC/RPU controlled, then all PLC/RPU logic needed for this equipment
shall be defined in detail. If standard methods are used, comply with the standards as
referred to herein, along with any specific setpoints.
This includes definition of all input information required by this logic to operate
correctly. When this information is unavailable, the default operation is defined.
The responses to all possible alarms or failure are listed (if this varies from a standard that
has been referenced). Any time delays involved in these actions must also be specified.
6. Sub Process # 2 Title
This is the next major building block of the process (if it exists). Sub process # 2 to be
prepared as per Sub Process #1 above. Repeat as needed for all sub-processes.
18.3.4 Screen
Screen display shall be organized to provide various displays in predictable order. The following
shall be the minimum screen display requirements for the SCADA system.
The options button on the Menu bar will provide miscellaneous information as follows and
details will be decided on a per plant/process basis:
1. SCADA Node Status
2. Equipment Runtimes
3. Totalizers
4. Enable/Disable Alarm Horns
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2. Information
3. Setpoints
Create appropriate pop-ups for both control and information control layouts that provide non-
confusing layouts and language to the operator, which will allow the operator to interact quickly
with the HMI. The pop-ups shall be accessible either by clicking on the Main Menu or by
clicking at a particular device.
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Alarm
An alarm is a device or a function that signals the existence of a critical or abnormal condition by
means of an audible and/or visible indication, intended to attract operator attention to a specific
condition. Alarms can be displayed by changing the colour or state of the equipment and/or by
printing an alarm summary on an alarm summary display. The following is the standardized HMI
alarming technique.
1. The alarm page will be accessible through the button bar located at the top of the screen.
2. The alarms will be categorized into critical alarms, non-critical alarms and advisory or
warning alarms.
3. These can be visibly indicated by the usage of colour and/or animation of the associated
device.
4. The critical alarm screen will pop-up regardless of the screen that is being currently being
viewed.
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5. The process area associated with an active alarm will flash to indicate the presence of an
alarm.
6. Alarms will be acknowledged through an acknowledge button.
7. The alarm summary page will provide the following information, as a minimum, date and
time of occurrence for each alarm, time it was acknowledged, the type of alarm (hihi, lo,
etc.), the event (ack, alm, rtn), priority, comment, tag name, value and alarm state
(unack_alm, ack_alm, etc.).
Any alarm generated by the SCADA system must be capable of being acknowledged on a global
basis from any workstation.
All unacknowledged alarms shall be displayed in flashing red and acknowledged alarms be
displayed in white.
This status shall be maintained even if the workstation crashes and has to be rebooted ie it must
maintain its alarm status prior to the workstation crash.
Provide a system master reset switch for acknowledging all alarms. This normally occurs when
the workstation handling alarms crashes and has to be rebooted. At that time, all acknowledged
alarms, if it is still in an alarm condition, will be shown to be in an alarm condition. The master
reset switch will acknowledge all alarms activated at that time.
Trends/Reports
Provide trends and reports to enable the evaluation of the performance of the system and make
qualitative decisions about the processes. This also includes those that are required by the EMA
and WASA. Configure software to provide required reporting, trending etc and integrate plant
data with event, summary, configuration and production data.
The following pages include parameters for Water Treatment Plants and Wastewater Treatment
Plants.
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Trend Display
18.3.17 Trend Display Requirements
Graphical trending display shall be provided for all processes, equipment run-time, water quality
etc on the following basis:
1. Last 6 hours
2. Last 12 hours
3. Last 24 hours
4. Last 7 days
5. Last one month
6. Last six months
7. Last 12 months
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1. Include plant and water distribution system for current, range, high alarm and high
advisory for raw and finished water turbidity, pH, temperature, pre and post
chlorine residual, HFS residual.
22. DAILY RESERVOIR LEVEL SUMMARY
1. For each hour.
23. DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION SUMMARY
1. For each hour, for each zone and the total for each zone and the daily total.
24. DAILY PUMPING STATION PRODUCTION SUMMARY
1. Include flow rate, pressure, reservoir level, operating pump(s) and Electrical
power consumption for HLPS and the PS for each pressure zone.
25. ZONE CONSUMPTION ANNUAL REPORT
1. Include average, maximum and minimum day and the date of occurrence, the total
for each month. Include annual average day, maximum and minimum day,
maximum and minimum hour for the year for each pressure zone.
26. TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION ANNUAL REPORT
1. For each month, provide average day, maximum and minimum day and the date
of occurrence, the total for each month. Include annual average day, maximum
and minimum day, maximum and minimum hour for the year for the entire water
supply system.
27. TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION SUMMARY ANNUAL REPORT
1. For each zone, provide average day, maximum and minimum day and the date of
occurrence, the total for each month. Include annual average day, maximum and
minimum day, maximum and minimum hour for the year for the entire water
supply system.
28. ANNUAL PUMPING STATION PRODUCTION SUMMARY
1. For each month, provide the pumpage volume of finished for each zone. Provide
the total for each month for each zone and the annual total.
29. ANNUAL SUMMARY OF PUMP RUNNING TIMES
1. For each pumping station, show the total hours of running time for each pump.
30. MONTHLY SUMMARY OF PUMP RUNNING TIMES
31. MONTHLY PRODUCTION SUMMARY
1. For each day, provide the pumpage volume for each zone pumping station.
Provide also the daily total pumpage volume by day and zone.
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1. Daily report of the average, high and low raw water turbidity in NTU.
2. Provide monthly average, monthly high and low.
14. WATER QUALITY RAW WATER pH MONTHLY REPORT
15. MONTHLY TREATMENT SUMMARY
For each day, provide the collection volume for each drainage area. Provide also the daily total
collection volume by day and area.
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Values appearing at various locations on the screen shall represent current value for flows, levels
pressures, etc.
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18.4 Symbols
Use standard symbols on a process overview screen. Comply with the following practices when
developing graphics:
1. Symbols should reflect the P&ID drawings
2. It must be consistent, intuitive and user friendly
3. It should be developed for both dynamic and static equipment
4. Use ISA symbols (2-D)
Watchdog Program
A watchdog program shall be provided where specified in the Request for Proposal.
The watchdog program, as defined herein, is a software program designed to track all changes
made to the HMI and PLC/RPU logic software or database.
The watchdog program may be custom written software to be provided by the Consultants to
meet the intent of this requirement.
The following is the information that must be tracked by the watchdog program:
1. Date
2. Time
3. Name of authorised personnel and security code
4. Name of authorising Supervisor and security code
5. Block of software or database changed
All such changes shall be saved in a file which cannot be erased unless authorised by the
Supervisor.
System Security
Security of workstations, plant networks and field controllers shall be installed to only permit
access by authorised personnel with the required security clearance.
Security system shall be configured based on three levels of security. These are the workstation
operating system (Window NT), the Network Access (for e-mail, corporate applications etc.) and
the SCADA HMI (operator verification). Each of these will be one of two levels administrator
or user. The administrator (Supervisor and/or Manager) will assign the rights and privileges of
the users on the network.
The SCADA system security shall be dependent on a logon system and the use of distinct logons
for the MHI is required.
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3.09 PC Anywhere
3.10 Backup Basics
3.11 Spread Sheet and InTouch
3.12 The Second Step
3.13 HMI Software
3.14 Using the HMI Software
3.15 Plant/System Automation through the HMI
3.16 Troubleshooting
3.17 To Exit Windows
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In assembling the information for the SCADA system for the Operation Manual, the Consultants
shall provide all the information of all workstation or view node software to be included under
Section 2.06 - Hardware Replacement:
1. Hardware:
Monitor Manufacturer, Model and Resolution
Computer Manufacturer, Model, Hard Drive Specification, Input/Out put
ports,Video Card Specifications, Manuals
LAN Card Manufacturer, Model, Configuration Settings, Jumper Settings,
LAN Card Software, Installation and Operations Manuals
I/O Cards Manufacturer, Model, Configuration Settings, Jumper Settings,
IRQ and COM Port Addressing, Manuals
Modem(s) Manufacturer, Model, Configuration Setting, Setup Procedure for
leased Line Configuration, Specification for 2 or 4 wire,
Manufacturers Manuals
2. Network LAN Hub Manufacturer, Model, User Manuals, Type of Cabling
(e.g. 10 Base T)
The SCADA Software information shall be provided in the Operation Manual and the minimum
requirements are as follow:
1. Software
1. Operating System
2. Office Applications
3. All configuration settings for communications
4. Port settings
5. Device settings (video, mouse, etc.)
6. Alarm Logger Configuration
7. Alarm Printing
8. Historical Logging Configuration
9. Node configuration (communication, addressing, etc.)
2. PLC Software
1. Node addressing for all PLCs in the SCADA Network
2. All port, jumper, etc. configuration settings
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Network Requirements
Reliable and high speed communication network of the SCADA system for water and
wastewater systems.
SCADA Software
The standard requirements for HMI general configuration requirements for the system (server
and client nodes) are as follows:
1. Single product HMI
2. A server-client configuration is required where there will be one server node and several
client nodes
3. Each server will be a runtime node
4. The client node can be configured to be either a runtime node that allows control and
monitoring features or a view only node
5. The server node will contain the application and all client (view) nodes will point to this
directory on the server to run the application
6. The client nodes will maintain a copy of the application as well for redundancy
7. There will be one backup client node capable of operating as the server for redundancy
8. Visual Basic scripting will be used to notify and update the client nodes so that system
development can be completed on one node and automatically copied to the client nodes
9. Use of a browser package that provides Internet visualization to view factory information
anywhere and anytime
Database Software
A real-time relational database that acquires and stores plant data will be implemented on the
SCADA nodes. The database will have client applications that can be used to access this data for
viewing, analysis, reporting, etc.
1. The database will be used as a real-time database for data storage and analysis; there will
be one database server and several database clients
2. One server can be used for both the database and HMI software
3. The database server will be used to store all the data and the client nodes will be
configured to provide the required analysis and summary/report generation
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Communication Links
Due to the high reliance of the SCADA network project on communication links, use high-speed
communication to avoid delays which may be critical in various processes. For fast and reliable
communication, the following strategy shall be implemented:
1. All in-plant communication to be hardwired (no modems)
2. ISDN (Two 64kb channels per connection) service to be used at all sites unless this
service is not available
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3. Use function blocks or subroutines to avoid repetitive blocks of identical logic. If these
are not available, consider common flags/variables instead of repeated code.
4. Use the status of any field input only once in the I/O task to drive a logic relay/bit or
register/word (point). This translation of all field inputs forms the first portion of the
I/O task. One function of the translation is to ensure a positive logic sequence in the
development of the code. These logic points are then used by all other logic, rather than
the field inputs. Debounce timers/ramps are required for all inputs and are included here.
5. Outputs are addressed as per inputs noted above, that is, all tasks except the I/O task
address outputs through logic points. The I/O task then uses these logic points to drive the
field outputs. The writing of all field outputs should be grouped together at the end of the
I/O task. Any field output may be written at only one location in the code.
6. Place all checks for device response together in the I/O task, with a timer for each device.
7. Group all registers/words and relays/bits that are of interest to monitoring personnel in
sequential blocks. This includes setpoints, timer limits, tuning constants, and status flags.
This simplifies the transfer of this data to supervisory systems. Maintain the translated
field inputs in separate block(s) from other data.
8. Use constants in the code only where it is unlikely they will ever be changed.
9. Layout I/O points having identical functions for successive devices in identical,
consecutive blocks. For example, group the start/stop outputs for all low lift pumps in
similar order and in adjacent terminals.
10. Avoid latches & jumps.
11. Avoid drum sequencer.
12. Use an IBM compatible workstation to program the PLC and use the manufacturers
programming software to fully document the code.
13. Label every register/word, relay/bit, and rung with a name or comment.
14. Do not sacrifice program clarity and simplicity to achieve higher execution speed and
smaller code size.
15. Monitor and alarm all available diagnostic data such as task and I/O board errors.
16. Where PID loop control is required, disable the derivative factor.
17. Configure all alarm points in software to be TRUE when in alarm. (In general, field
wiring of alarms is FALSE when in alarm.)
18. Include logic for simulation of normal field feedback. This is used in factory and site
testing as well as training.
19. Include minimum times for equipment to be running and stopped, to prevent possible
output chattering.
20. Include interlocks to prevent simultaneous starts of major equipment (in auto mode only).
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Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Mechanical Standards
19.1 General
Comply with applicable Acts, Codes or Design Guidelines as detailed in Section 3.0, Design
Standards.
Mechanical systems shall be designed to provide ease of operation and maintenance. Choice of
material and equipment shall be based on WASA standard and where such standard has not been
provided, it shall be based on the track record of the material or equipment in a similar Trinidad
& Tobago facility. All design shall comply with Trinidad & Tobago National Plumbing Code,
AWWA Standards of Practice and Specifications, relevant codes or design guidelines. The
design must as much as its applicable, include mechanism for water conservation, including but
not limited to pressure control devices, low flush toilets, low volume faucets, etc.
19.2 Valves
Valves shall comply with EN 593 and ISO 5996. All valves and actuators shall have at least 5
years of operating service in Trinidad & Tobago, and to be supplied by regional based vendors.
All valves used for potable water supply system shall be certified for potable water use.
Orient valves and valve operators to meet the following requirements:
1. Ease of operation
2. Limit interference with structures and with any other equipment or piping
3. Space allowance requirement for maintenance and disassembly
4. Valves mounted higher than 2 m shall be provided with chain for opening or closing
Specify valves operators, for both manual and electric valves, with indicator to clearly indicate
whether the valve is in the opened, closed or partially opened/closed position. The indicator must
be visible from 3 meters away, under normal plant operating conditions.
19.3 Fittings
Flanges shall be Class 125, ANSI B16.1, for operating pressures up to 250 pounds per square
inch. For operating pressures above 250 pounds per square inch, flanges shall be Class 250,
ANSI B16.1.
Above-ground fittings shall be flanged, welded, or coupled. Nuts and bolts shall be hot dip
galvanized steel or epoxy painted.
Below ground fittings shall be welded or coupled. Nuts and bolts shall be grade 316 stainless
steel.
Gaskets shall be Butyl or EPDM.
1 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
19.4 Pumps
All materials and equipment supplied shall be suitable for being delivered, store and operated
under tropical conditions of high temperature, high humidity, heavy rainfall, mildew and fungus
conductive environment. All equipment and motors shall be supplied with corrosion resistant
metal nameplates fitted securely in an location, which can be easily read, complete with stamped
inscriptions of the following information where applicable:
1. Electric motors will meet the requirements of IEE 60034-1, 60034-5, 60034-6 and
60034-8.
2. For pumps, fans, valves, valve operators, instruments, etc.:
1. Model Number
2. Serial Number
3. Head
4. Capacity
5. Impeller Diameter
6. Efficiency
7. Performance rating
8. Other information required to uniquely identify the equipment
9. Performance data in SI metric units
3. Bearings requirement:
1. All rotating equipment shall be provided with bearings selected on the basis of life
expectancy at rated conditions of service of at least 100,000 working hours.
2. Bearings for electric motors shall be constructed so that no oil or grease can
escape from them.
4. Alemite-type or buttonhead grease fittings shall be provided for bearing lubrication.
5. Equipment Operating Characteristics:
1. Mechanical equipment furnished shall operate satisfactory without excessive
wear, excessive lubrication or undue attention required by the operating staff. All
rotating parts shall be in true dynamic balance and operate without vibration
caused by mechanical defects, faulty design or misalignment of parts. In general,
the limit of vibration velocity is 1mm/sec for equipment. A more stringent
requirement may be specified in the detailed equipment specifications.
6. Equipment Guards:
1. To be provided for all couplings, belts, chain drives and extended shafts.
2 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
3 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
All existing equipment, piping etc shall be protected from paint splashes when new equipment or
piping is painted.
19.5.4.1 Group #1
Piping System Label Band Letter/ Max. Label Max. Band
Background Colour Intervals Intervals
Flammable Materials
Propane Gas
Natural Gas
Yellow Black 3m 3m
Hydraulic Oil
Fuel Oil
Digester Gas
19.5.4.2 Group #2
Label Band Letter/ Max. Label Max. Band
Piping System Background Intervals Intervals
Colour
Fire Fighting
(Protection)
Standpipe System
Sprinkler System Red White 3m 3m
4 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
19.5.4.3 Group #3
Piping Label Letter/ Max. Label Max. Band
Colour Band Colour Intervals Intervals
Piping System
Back-
ground
Dangerous Substances:
Boiler Feed
Boiler Blow Off
Acid Drain
Compressed Air > 670 kPa
Ferric Chloride
Purple White Black 3m 3m
(High Temp Dom.)
(Hot Water)
LP Stream
LP Condensate
Hp Steam
Lp Condensate
19.5.4.4 Group #4
Piping Label Letter/ Max. Label Max. Band
Colour Band Colour Intervals Intervals
Piping System
Back-
ground
Other Chemical
Substances:
Alum
Chlorine Solution
Polymer Solution
Orange White Black 3m 3m
Lime Solution
Sodium or Calcium
Hypochlorite Solution
Glycol Solution (Heating)
Diesel Exhaust
5 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
19.5.4.5 Group #5
Piping Colour Label Max. Label Max. Band
Band Letter/ Intervals Intervals
Piping System
Back- Colour
ground
Process Drainage
Raw Water Olive green Green White 6m
Clarified Water Aqua Green White 6m
Treated Water Dark blue Green White 6m
Dom. Cold Water Lt. green White White 6m
Dom. Hot Water Sup. Lt. green Red White 6m
Dom. Hot Water Ret. Lt. green Red White 6m
Chilled Water Blue Green White 6m
Condenser Water Lt. Grey Green White 6m
Hot Water Heating Lt. Grey Red White 6m
Storm Drain Lt. Grey Green White 6m
Plumbing Vent Lt. Grey Green White 6m Not
Effluent Water Lt. Grey Green White 6m Required
Compressed Air Safety Blue Green White 6m
Instrument Air White Green White 6m
Vacuum White Green White 6m
Nitrogen Orange Green White 6m
Sanitary Drain Dk. Grey Green White 6m
Filtrate (San) Dk. Grey Green White 6m
Return Sludge Mid-Brown Green White 6m
Waste Sludge Mid Brown Green White 6m
Raw Sludge Dk. Brown Green White 6m
Scum Dk. Brown Green White 6m
Supernatant Lt. Brown Green White 6m
6 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
7 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
Colour Schedule
Valve Type Purpose
WASA Code
Manually operated butterfly valves Cell isolation Light blue
Electrically operated butterfly Automatic reservoir level control Light blue
valves
Check valves with lockable device Direction of flow control, lockable device to Light blue
keep valve open for reverse flow application
Gate valves Reservoir drainage Light grey
Valves Chemical solution Light grey
Valves Plumbing and drainage system Light grey
Equipment Colour
Emergency Standby Diesel Generator Light Grey
Equipment Guard Red
Air Blower Light Grey
8 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
19.5.9 Nameplates
All equipment, except electrical, shall be provided with a nameplate with the following
information stamped on it:
1. Pump
1. Type
2. Model
3. Serial Number
4. Rated Capacity (L/S)
5. Rated Dynamic Head (TDH m)
6. Number of Stages (Vertical Turbine Pump)
7. Speed
8. Diameter of Suction/Discharge
9. Impeller Diameter
10. Seals
11. Bearing Details
12. Weight
13. Year of Manufacture
2. Drive Unit
1. Size
2. Type
3. Serial Number
4. Electrical Requirements
5. Current Draw
6. Frame Number
7. Rated Temperature Rise
8. Continuous Service Factor
9. Bearing Details
10. Weight
11. Year of Manufacture
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
3. Submersible Pump
1. Nameplate for submerged portion
2. Nameplate for non-submerged portion
19.6 Equipment
19.6.1 Bearings
All equipment bearings shall have a minimum rating life of 100,000 hours, unless specified
otherwise.
19.6.3 Couplings
Provide flexible coupling for all equipment with drives over 0.4 kW and less than 120 kW and
where the driver is directly connected to the driven unit.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Mechanical Standards
19.6.6 Alignment
All rotating equipment is to be set and aligned in accordance with the more stringent
requirements of either the equipment manufacturer or the following:
1. Level base, use machinists level on all machined surfaces.
2. Base is to be true and levelled.
3. Alignment of shafts, soft foot of motor and couplings shall be performed by reversed dial,
rim to rim and face to face. Soft foot will be rim to rim vertical and horizontal mode.
1. Soft foot of motor shall be checked to be within a tolerance of 0.03 mm
2. Shaft shall be aligned within a tolerance of 0.025 mm to 0.070 mm
3. Piping strains to pump shall be within a tolerance of 0.025 mm to 0.070 mm
11 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Ventilating & Air Conditioning Standards
20.1 General
Comply with applicable Acts, Codes or Design Guidelines as detailed in Section 3.0, Design
Standards and also with The Trinidad & Tobago Building Code.
Installation shall meet and/or exceed the requirements of:
a) ASHRAE Guide and Data Book
b) SMACNA Sheet Metal and Duct Construction Standards (Low and High Velocity)
c) CIBS Building Services Code
d) CIBS Commissioning Codes
e) ARI Standards
f) Other relevant ASHRAE, SMACNA and ARI publications
g) Trinidad & Tobago ASHO Act
1 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Ventilating & Air Conditioning Standards
2 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Diesel Generator Standard
21.1 General
This section covers the requirements for the design and installation of diesel generators and all
related ancillary equipment.
21.3 Approvals
The Consultants are responsible for securing of all required approvals including the EMA and
WASA and/or any other such regulations or Acts etc, that are in force at the time of award of the
engineering assignment.
Determine the output capacity of the generator in accordance with the facility backup power
requirements.
Prepare, submit and obtain approval for noise attenuation requirements for the proposed
emergency diesel generator and emissions.
1 March 2009
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Diesel Generator Standard
2 March 2009
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Diesel Generator Standard
3 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Diesel Generator Standard
4 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Diesel Generator Standard
21.7.10 Gauges
1. The following gauges shall be provided as a minimum:
1. Lube oil pressure gauge
2. Lube oil temperature gauge
3. Coolant temperature gauge
4. Electrical tachometer gauge, scaled in rpm to approximately 120 percent of rated
speed
5. Exhaust pyrometer(s)
5 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Diesel Generator Standard
6 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Diesel Generator Standard
Alarms relays shall transmit the followings signals to the SCADA system:
Start
Stop
Uncommanded stop
Overload
High temperature
Overspeed
Infrared flame detection
7 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Treatment Plant Operation Manual
22.1 General
The Consultants shall prepare the structure and format of the Operation Manual for water and
wastewater treatment plants as follows.
The Unit Operation Descriptor shall conform, as a minimum, to the included table of contents of
the Manual. A Descriptor is a typical task to be performed for a Unit Operation. Depending on
the Unit Operation, it may or may not require all of the Descriptor listed in a table of contents.
PROJECT No.
The front cover of the manual of the respective binders to be printed as follows:
OPERATION MANUAL
VOLUME 1
CONSULTANT:
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
2. Introduction
2.1 Record of Revision
2.2 Title Page
2.3 Acknowledgement
2.4 Table of Contents
4. Plant Overview
4.1 General
4.2 Plant History
4.3 Utility Classification
4.4 Operator Classification
4.5 Distribution System Classification
4.6 Certificate of Approval and Design Brief
4.7 Water Quality
4.8 Public Relations
4.9 Plant Tours
4.10 Requests for Information/Literature
4.11 Complains
4.12 Vandalism/Theft
4.13 Spill/Pollution
4.14 Injuries
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
30 Screening
40 Low Lift Pumping
50 Pipeline
5.4 DISINFECTION
10 Pre-Chlorination
20 Post Chlorination
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
6. Appendices
6.1 REFERENCE
6.2 CONVERSION TABLE
6.3 DIRECTORIES
Plant Personnel
Treatment Plants
Municipal Participants
MOE Personnel
Local Contractors
Equipment Service Representatives
Emergency
Media
6.4 FORMS
Index
6.5 GLOSSARY
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Water Treatment Chemicals
General terms
7. List of Figures
8. Drawing Number/Section/Title
2. Introduction
2.1 Record of Revision
2.2 Title Page
2.3 Acknowledgement
2.4 Table of Contents
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
4. Plant Overview
4.1 General
4.2 Plant History
4.3 Utility Classification
4.4 Operator Classification
4.5 Wastewater Collection System
4.6 Certificate of Approval and Design Brief
4.7 Wastewater Effluent Quality
4.8 Public Relations
4.9 Plant Tours
4.10 Requests for Information/Literature
4.11 Complains
4.12 Vandalism/Theft
4.13 Spill/Pollution
4.14 Injuries
5.2 PRETREATMENT
10 Inlet
20 Fine Screening
30 Screenings Compactor
40 Grit Removal
50 Odour Control
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
5.7 INCINERATION
10 Preheating
20 Sludge Feed
30 Continuous Emissions Monitoring
40 Gas Scrubbing
50 Auxiliary Fuel System
60 Fluidized Bed (Air/Sand)
6 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
7 March 2009
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
6. Appendices
6.1 REFERENCE
6.2 CONVERSION TABLE
6.3 DIRECTORIES
Plant Personnel
Treatment Plants
Municipal Participants
WASA Personnel
Local Contractors
Equipment Service Representatives
Emergency
Media
6.4 FORMS
Index
6.5 GLOSSARY
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Wastewater Treatment Chemicals
General Terms
7. List of Figures
8 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
9 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Water and Wastewater Design Guideline Manual Draughting Standards
The GIS Section produces several different types of maps and as such the need to have standard
formats to plot them is important. The following are currently used as standardize:
LINE FEATURES
LABEL TEXT
THEME TYPE THICKNESS COLOUR
COLOUR FONT SIZE
POINT FEATURES
FILE/SYMBOL
FEATURE TYPE SIZE COLOUR SYMBOL LIBRARY
GRAY
BUILDINGS 2-40 80%-30% SQUARE 1 ESRI
APPURTENANCES LEGEND 1. AVL
WATER/WASTEW
MAN HOLE SEWER 5-10 BLACK MANHOLE ATER
GUAGE RAINFALL 10-40 BLUE WATER ENVIRONMENTAL
STREAM 10-20 BLUE CIRCLE 18 ESRI
OBSERVAT WELL DRILLED
WELLS IONS 5-40 GREEN INDUS. VTILITIES
WELL DRILLED
PRODUCTI 5-40 BLUE INDUS. VTILITIES
1 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
ON
SPRING 5-20 RED CIRCLE 21 ESRI
INTAKE 5-20 GREEN TRIANGLE 7 ESRI
ENCLOSED WATER/WASTE
STORAGE TANK 10-40 BLUE STORAGE WATER
WATER
TREATMENT TREATMENT WATER/WASTEW
PLANT 10-30 BLACK PLANT ATER
BOOSTER PUMP WATER/WASTEW
STATIONS 10-30 BLACK STATION ATER
SEWER
TREATMENT
PLANT 10-30 GREEN STEP TRANS UTILITIES
SEWER PUMPING- WATER/WASTEW
STATION 10-30 BLACK LIFT STATION ATER
POLYGON FEATURES
ARIAL-
COUNTIES ST GEORGE 0.5 to 5 ROSE QUARTZ BLACK BLACK 5-50
ARIAL-
ST DAVID 0.5 to 5 LIGHT APPLE BLACK BLACK 5-50
ST ANDREW 0.5 to 5 30% GRAY BLACK ARIAL- 5-50
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
BLACK
ARIAL-
CARONI 0.5 to 5 SODALITE BLUE BLACK BLACK 5-50
RHODOLITE ARIAL-
NARIVA 0.5 to 5 ROSE BLACK BLACK 5-50
ARIAL-
VICTORIA 0.5 to 5 YUCCA YELLOW BLACK BLACK 5-50
ARIAL-
ST PATRICK 0.5 to 5 BERYL GREEN BLACK BLACK 5-50
ARIAL-
MAYARO 0.5 to 5 SUGILITE SKY BLACK BLACK 5-50
WARDS Erin 0.25 to 3.0 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 3-30
Toco 0.25 to 3.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
Blanchisseuse 0.25 to 3.0 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 3-30
St.Anns 0.25 to 3.0 255 190 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
Valencia 0.25 to 3.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
Diego Martin 0.25 to 3.0 255 255 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
Matura 0.25 to 3.0 255 190 232 Black Arial Black 3-30
Tacarigua 0.25 to 3.0 190 210 256 Black Arial Black 3-30
Arima 0.25 to 3.0 233 255 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
POS 0.25 to 3.0 232 190 255 Black Arial Black 3-30
Moruga 0.25 to 3.0 255 235 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
Manzanilla 0.25 to 3.0 190 255 232 Black Arial Black 3-30
Cunupia 0.25 to 3.0 156 156 156 Black Arial Black 3-30
Tamana 0.25 to 3.0 255 127 127 Black Arial Black 3-30
Cedros 0.25 to 3.0 255 255 115 Black Arial Black 3-30
Turure 0.25 to 3.0 115 255 223 Black Arial Black 3-30
San Rafael 0.25 to 3.0 223 115 255 Black Arial Black 3-30
Chaguanas 0.25 to 3.0 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 3-30
Couva 0.25 to 3.0 255 167 127 Black Arial Black 3-30
Montserrat 0.25 to 3.0 209 255 115 Black Arial Black 3-30
Charuma 0.25 to 3.0 115 223 255 Black Arial Black 3-30
Cocal 0.25 to 3.0 255 115 223 Black Arial Black 3-30
Point-A-Pierre 0.25 to 3.0 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 3-30
Guayaguayare 0.25 to 3.0 104 104 104 Black Arial Black 3-30
Savana Grande 0.25 to 3.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 3-30
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
DISTRICTS North East 0.5 to 50 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 5-50
North West 0.5 to 50 210 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
North Central 0.5 to 50 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 5-50
Port-of Spain 0.5 to 50 255 190 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
San Fernando/Central 0.5 to 50 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
South East 0.5 to 50 255 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
South West 0.5 to 50 255 190 232 Black Arial Black 5-50
HYDROLOGICAL North Coast 0.5 to 50 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 5-50
North Oropouche 0.5 to 50 210 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
West 0.5 to 50 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 5-50
Peninsula/Caroni 0.5 to 50 255 190 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
Nariva 0.5 to 50 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
Central/West Coast 0.5 to 50 255 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
Ortorie 0.5 to 50 255 190 232 Black Arial Black 5-50
Southern Range 0.5 to 50 190 210 255 Black Arial Black 5-50
South Oropuche 0.5 to 50 233 255 190 Black Arial Black 5-50
Cedros Peninsula 0.5 to 50 232 190 255 Black Arial Black 5-50
DISTRIBUTION Toco 0.25 to 2.0 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
San Juan-Santa Cruz 0.25 to 2.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
D'abadie (Arouca) 0.25 to 2.0 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 2-20
Tacarigua (Tunapuna) 0.25 to 2.0 255 190 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Ariam (North) 0.25 to 2.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Ariam (South) 0.25 to 2.0 255 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Diego Martin (North) 0.25 to 2.0 255 190 232 Black Arial Black 2-20
Diego Martin (South) 0.25 to 2.0 190 210 256 Black Arial Black 2-20
Barataria/Laventille 0.25 to 2.0 233 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Sangre Grande 0.25 to 2.0 232 190 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
Caroni 0.25 to 2.0 255 235 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Central North 0.25 to 2.0 190 255 232 Black Arial Black 2-20
Central South 0.25 to 2.0 156 156 156 Black Arial Black 2-20
4 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
BILLING Pt.Fortin/Cedros 0.25 to 2.0 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
Toco 0.25 to 2.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Blanchisseuse 0.25 to 2.0 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 2-20
S/Juan-Laventille 0.25 to 2.0 255 190 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Sangre Grande 0.25 to 2.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Dibe/Maraval 0.25 to 2.0 255 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Carenage-D/Martin 0.25 to 2.0 255 190 232 Black Arial Black 2-20
Santa Cruz 0.25 to 2.0 190 210 256 Black Arial Black 2-20
D'abadie/Tacarigua 0.25 to 2.0 233 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
O'mera/Malabar 0.25 to 2.0 232 190 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
POS 0.25 to 2.0 255 235 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Arima 0.25 to 2.0 190 255 232 Black Arial Black 2-20
Maturita 0.25 to 2.0 156 156 156 Black Arial Black 2-20
Central North 0.25 to 2.0 255 127 127 Black Arial Black 2-20
Central South 0.25 to 2.0 255 255 115 Black Arial Black 2-20
Caroni 0.25 to 2.0 115 255 223 Black Arial Black 2-20
Cumuto 0.25 to 2.0 223 115 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
Rio Claro 0.25 to 2.0 178 178 178 Black Arial Black 2-20
Biche 0.25 to 2.0 255 167 127 Black Arial Black 2-20
Princess Town 0.25 to 2.0 209 255 115 Black Arial Black 2-20
Naparima 0.25 to 2.0 115 223 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
Mayaro 0.25 to 2.0 255 115 223 Black Arial Black 2-20
San Fernando 0.25 to 2.0 190 232 255 Black Arial Black 2-20
La Brea/ Pt.Fortin 0.25 to 2.0 104 104 104 Black Arial Black 2-20
Penal/Erin 0.25 to 2.0 211 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Moruga 0.25 to 2.0 255 255 190 Black Arial Black 2-20
Cedros 0.25 to 2.0 255 190 232 Black Arial Black 2-20
5 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
6 March 2009
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.2.3 Standards
For any organization to function efficiently, it must be guided by appropriate standards. This
document contains information on the various components of drawing production that is
currently used by the Systems Optimization Department. Updates to this document will be made
only with the approval of the Manager, Systems Optimization Department.
7 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Layers
LINE USE(in order of pen
LAYERS COLOUR
TYPE weight from light to dark)
groundplan Black Continuous Light Lines
waterwa Blue Continuous Dark Lines
Detail Circle Cyan Continuous Light Lines
Matchline Red Dashdot Dark Lines
Text Black
Chainage Red Continuous Light Lines
Text Styles
8 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
9 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
10 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Text Styles
Drawing Scales
11 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Text Styles
TEXT NAME TEXT STYLE USE
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
13 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Text Styles
14 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.5.1 Schematics
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.6 Sketches
These drawings are not drawn to scale, they are consistently used to specify areas in which work
is to be done or in draughting terms (Proposed work to be done). These drawings are not to be
used for accurate measurement; they are only for proposals. Drawing standards that have been
set are to be met at all times to ensure proper quality control is maintained and kept.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Text Styles
17 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.7 Symbology
The following standards are used when producing surveying type drawings
18 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
19 March 2009
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
BLOCK DEFAULT
BLOCK BLOCK DESCRIPTIO SCALE ASSOCIATE COLO COLOUR
NAME ALIAS N FACTOR D LAYER UR CODE
Map 1 S Survey Station 0.85 Control White 7
Map 5 5 White 7
Map 6 6 White 7
Map 8 White 7
Map 9 White 7
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
ABBREVIATION MEANING
ABT ABUTMENT
AVE AVENUE
CORNER OF
b BUILDING
B BOTTOM
BM BENCH MARK
BEG BEGINNING
BE BOTTOM EDGE
BR BRIDGE
BDR BOX DRAIN
BF BLOCK FENCE
BUTTERFLY
BV VALVE
CI CAST IRON
CONC CONCRETE
CL CENTRE LINE
CENTRELINE OF
CTR TRACE
CENTRELINE OF
CRD ROAD
CONCRETE
CP PAVEMENT
KRB KERB
KERB AND
KSDR SLIPPER DRAIN
CULV CULVERT
DI DUCTILE IRON
DRN DRAIN
DW DRIVEWAY
EOR EDGE OF ROAD
EDG EDGE
EDT EDGE OF TRACE
EDR EARTHEN DRAIN
E EAST
ELECTRICITY
EP POLE
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
ABBREVIATION MEANING
FH FIRE HYDRANT
GP GATE POST
GS GROUND SHOT
CORNER OF
h HOUSE
IDR INVERT DRAIN
I INVERT
IR FD IRON FOUND
IR PT IRON PUT
JCT JUNCTION
LP LAMP POST
SDR SLIPPER DRAIN
L LEFT
MM MILE MARK
mm MILLIMETER
M METER
N NORTH
PRESSURE
PRV REDUCING VALVE
PS PUMP SET
PIPE
PD DOWNWARDS
PR PIPELINE ROUTE
PU PIPE UPWARDS
POLY VINYL
PVC CHLORIDE
R RIGHT
RW RETAINING WALL
RED REDUCER
RD ROAD
RV REFLUX VALVE
RIV RIVER
REINFORCED
RCP CONCRETE PIPE
S SOUTH
STL STEEL
SV SLUICE VALVE
SP STAND PIPE
SPK FD SPIKE FOUND
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
ABBREVIATION MEANING
SPK DT SPIKE PUT
ST STREET
STM STREAM
SGN SIGN
SEWER MAIN
SMH HOLE
T TOP
TEMPORARY
TBM BENCH MARK
TP TELEPHONE POLE
TR TRACE
T2, T5, .. TREE
W WEST
w WIDE
WO WASHOUT VALVE
WF WIRE FENCE
VRG GRASS VERGE
X CROSSING
INT INTERSECTION
AV AIR VALVE
PL PROPERTY LINE
SWK SIDEWALK
SOF SOFFIT
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
GIS SURVEYS
DEFAULT SCALE
FACTOR
GRAPHIC BLOCK FILE FIELD ASSOCIATED LAYER
SYMBOL NAME CODE BLOCK DESCRIPTION 1:000 1:500 LAYER COLOUR
PLUS SH TOPO SPOTS 0.3000 TOPO-SPOTS BLACK
EMH EMH ELECTRICAL MANHOLE 0.0030 ELECT-MH MAGENTA
FIREH FH FIRE HYDRANT 0.0030 W-SYM RED
VALVE1 SV SLUICE VALVE 0.0055 W-SYM RED
AVALVE AV AIR VALVE 0.0035 W-SYM RED
WVALVE WO WASHOUT VALVE 0.0085 W-SYM RED
RED RD REDUCER 0.0055 W-SYM RED
RVALVE RV RELUX VALVE 0.0055 W-SYM RED
PVALVE PRV PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE 0.0055 W-SYM RED
BVALVE BV BUTTERFLY VALVE 0.0050 W-SYM RED
METER M METER 0.0045 W-SYM RED
PUMP P PUMP SET 0.0060 W-SYM RED
PDN PD PIPE END DOWN 0.0023 W-SYM RED
PUP PU PIPE END UP 0.0023 W-SYM RED
SMH SMH SEWER MANHOLE 0.0020 S-SYM
MAP1 S SURVEY STATION 0.0018 CONTROL RED
MAP2 UP UTILITY POLE 0.0020 UTILITY
MAP7 BP BOUNDARY POST 0.0025 PROPERTY
SIGN SGN SIGN 0.0070 SIGN
TRI TVS TRAVERSE STATION 0.4500 CONTROL RED
TGS TGS TRIG STATION 0.4200 CONTROL RED
CIRPLP KM KILOMETER MARK 0.3800 CONTROL RED
RHO BM BENCH MARK 0.55 CONTROL RED
TREE1 T1 TREE 0.0090 VEGETATION GREEN
TREE2 T2 PALM TREE 0.0090 VEGETATION GREEN
TREE3 T3 MANGO TREE 0.0095 VEGETATION GREEN
TREE4 T4 TREE 0.0090 VEGETATION GREEN
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
GIS SURVEYS
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
The following are symbols used for the Emergency Evacuation Drawing
1. Additional symbols may be needed for the Emergency Evacuation drawings symbol set.
2. The text style used for labeling the symbols is Stencil
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.9.3 Sheet
Here the sheet number is entered. If the project consists of more than one drawing the
total amount of drawings should be indicated on each sheet.
E.g. Sheet # 5 Of 13
23.9.4 Drafted By
Here the draughting technician should enter his/her name.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
E.g. F. Wellington
Note: If the drawing is modified, the drawing should be saved as another version. In the example
the figure two indicates that the drawing has been updated.
E.g. ARC-PRO-FPLAN-MARAVAL-MARAVALWATERTREATMENTPLANT-2
23.9.5 Designed By
Here the designer of the proposed drawing should include his/her name.
23.9.6 Checked By
Here the drawing should be check and the person checking the drawing should indicate
his/her name.
23.9.7 Approved By
Here the person or body that is responsible for the works being done, should sign here
indicating that the drawings has meet the required standards.
23.9.8 Scale
The scale of the drawing on the present sheet should be indicated here.
The file naming rules developed were modeled after one used by the Connecticut Department of
Transportation whose approach seemed to best fit our needs. A series of discussions were held with
the major stakeholders (CAD/E and IT Staff) to determine the specific requirements of our CAD file
name and the working model is described below.
There are two major categories of file names; General and Block.
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Syntax:
CAD Type/Sub-Type/Sub-Sub Type/Location/Location-Type(Facililty)/Version.dwg
Syntax:
CAD Type/Blk/BlockName/User-DefinedIdentifier.dwg
The following diagrams illustrate the categories of CAD files (CAD Type) and their sub
classifications (Sub-Type).
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Water And Sewerage Authority (WASA)
Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
Key
CAD TYPE
SUB-TYPE
SUB SUB-TYPE
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.10.4 Architectural
Architectural
Proposed Existing
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.10.5 Schematic
Schematic
Proposed Existing
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.10.6 Survey
Survey
Surveys GPS
(From the Surveys Department) (From the GPS Section)
Cadastral Topographic
Topographic
As Laid
As Laid
Location Plan
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
23.10.7 Engineering
Engineering
Network Mechanical
Infrastructure
Pipe
Water Arrangem
Building ents
Waste
Water Pump &
Vat Details
Reservoir
Booster Appurtena
Station nce
Details
Miscellan
eous (Pipe
Fitting)
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23.10.8 Electrical
Electrical
Proposed Existing
Wiring Wiring
After some testing and research, it was agreed by all that in the case of the Location
component of the file name, the whole place name would be used to avoid confusion.
A list of common abbreviations was developed to help reduce the amount of typing. Both
the CAD application and Operating System are able to handle the long names.
It was assumed that this trend could be applied to present and future incarnations of the
applications.
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
LOCATION
CADTYPE CODE CODE
PRE FIX/SUB FIX
ARCHITECTUR
ARC AVENUE AVE
AL
SCHEMATIC SCH BOULEVARD BLVD
CNTR
SURVEYING SUV CENTRAL
L
ENGINEERING ENG DRIVE DR
ELECTRICAL ELEC EAST EST
GARDENS GDNS
SUBTYPE CODE JUNCTION JUCT
PROPOSED PRO LOWER LWR
EXISTING EXT MOUNT MT
BLOCK BLK NORTH NRT
SURVEYS SUV NUMBER NO
GPS GPS PARK PRK
NETWORK NTW PHASE PHS
INFRASTRUCTU
INF ROAD RD
RE
MECHANICAL MEC SAINT SNT
STLM
SETTLEMENT
T
3D 3D SOUTH STH
COMP
COMPLETE TOWN TWN
L
ELECTRICAL ELECT TRACE TR
ELEVATION ELEVA UPPER UPR
FLOORPLAN FPLAN VALLEY VLY
ROOFPLAN RPLAN VILLAGE VILL
PLUM
PLUMBING WEST WST
B
WATE
WATER
R
SITEPLAN SPLAN
CADA
CADASTRAL
S
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Project Design and Technical Specifications Manual Draughting Standards
TOPOGRAPHIC TOPOG
ASLAID ASLAD
SEWE
SEWER
R
BUILDING BLDG
RESERVOIR RESEV
BOOSTERSTATI
BSTAT
ON
MISCELLANEO
MSCEL
US
WIRING WIR
CADType-SUBType-SUBSUBType-LOCATION-USERIdentifie -
Version.dwg
xxx-xxx-xxxxx-Location-Identifier-#.dwg
e.g. ARC-PRO-COMPL-FOURROADS-PUMPINGSTATION-1.dwg =
Complete set of architectural drawings for the Four Roads Pumping Station
(elevations, site plan, floor plan, electrical etc)
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