I.

INTRODUCTION

(Timeline ng Worst Philippine Disasters)

from these examples, place emphasis that disasters are not limited to natural calamities
ex. 9/11 attack considered pala na disaster(man made)

Photos of Disasters in the Philippines... with year

II. Disaster Concepts

L: All of these appear to be a plethora of disasters, some appears to be natural calamities or events
caused by man. What really is a disaster? What are the requisites for an event to be categorized as disaster?

DISASTER
(RA 10121, SEC. 3, H.)

Requisites:
1. a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society
2. widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts
3. exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources

Q: But why do you think these happen? Why does disaster occur when we have
advancement of technology, resources to withstand all of them? Why

Result of: ---HIV---Maniwala kayo HIV tlga

1. Exposure to a HAZARD

What is a hazard?
a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss
of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

2. Conditions of VULNERABILTY that are present

What do you mean by vulnerability?

the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and environmental
factors such as poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of
assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official recognition of risks and
preparedness measures, and disregard for wise environmental management.

(Q: What is the difference of RISK and VULNERABILITY?

"Risk" - the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.)
Q: Who are the vulnerables? The Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups
- those that face higher exposure to disaster risk and poverty
ex. women, children, elderly, differently-abled people, and ethnic minorities

3. INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY/MEASURES to reduce or cope with the potential negative

consequences
 "Disaster Mitigation"
"Disaster Preparedness"
"Disaster Prevention"
Disaster Risk Reduction
"Disaster Response"
Rehabilitation

IMPACTS: ----PEN----(People, Economic, Nature)

P -loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental and social
well-being,
E- together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services
N- Social and economic disruption and environmental degradation.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DRRM: 3RS

"Response" - any concerted effort by two (2) or more agencies, public or private, to provide assistance
or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence
needs of those people affected and in the restoration of essential public activities and facilities.

"Resilience" - the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb,
accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including
through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.

"Rehabilitation" - measures that ensure the ability of affected communities/areas to restore their normal
level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructures and increasing the
communities' organizational capacity.

CONCEPTS AND MISCONCEPTS

DISASTER DISASTER RISK DISASTER RISK

MITIGATION REDUCTION REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
- the lessening or - the concept and practice - the systematic
limitation of the of reducing disaster risks process of using
adverse impacts of through systematic efforts administrative
hazards and related to analyze and manage directives,
disasters. the causal factors of organizations, and
disasters, including operational skills and
through reduced capacities to
exposures to hazards, implement strategies,
lessened vulnerability of policies and improved
people and property, wise coping capacities in
management of land and order to lessen the
the environment, and adverse impacts of
improved preparedness for hazards and the
adverse events.(MAS possibility of disaster.
BROAD ANG DRR)
 Disaster Preparedness Disaster Prevention
to effectively - the outright avoidance of
anticipate, respond to, and adverse impacts of hazards
recover from, the Impacts of and related disasters
likely, imminent or current - expresses the concept and
hazard events or conditions intention to completely avoid
- based on a sound analysis potential adverse impacts
of disaster risk and good through action taken in
linkages with early warning advance
systems, and includes such
activities as contingency
planning, stockpiling of
equipment and supplies, the
development of arrangements
for coordination, evacuation
and public information, and
associated training and field
exercises

Disaster Response Response

the provision of - any concerted effort by two
emergency services and (2) or more agencies, public or
public assistance during or private, to provide assistance
immediately after a disaster or intervention during or
focused on immediate immediately after a disaster
and short-term needs and is - to meet the life preservation
sometimes called "disaster and basic subsistence needs
relief". of those people affected and in
SHORT TERM the restoration of essential
public activities and facilities.
- LONG TERM (hanggang
rehab)

(NOT FOR PPT: note to self

Emergency Management- the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all
aspects of emergencies, in particular
1.)preparedness, 2.) response and 3. )initial recovery steps/rehabilitation.

"Disaster Mitigation" - the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation
measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental
policies and public awareness.

"Disaster Preparedness" - the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and
recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the
Impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the
context of disaster risk reduction and management and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all
types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery. Preparedness is based
on a sound analysis of disaster risk and good linkages with early warning systems, and includes such activities as
contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination,
evacuation and public information, and associated training and field exercises. These must be supported by formal
institutional, legal and budgetary capacities.

"Disaster Prevention" - the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the
 concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as
construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any
settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical
building in any likely earthquake.

"Disaster Response" - the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a
disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs
of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is
sometimes called "disaster relief".

"Rehabilitation" - measures that ensure the ability of affected communities/areas to restore their normal level of
functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructures and increasing the communities' organizational
capacity.

"Disaster Risk Reduction" - the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to
analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened
vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness
for adverse events. )

"Disaster Risk Reduction and Management" - the systematic process of using administrative directives,
organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping
capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster
risk reduction and management refers to risk reduction and management activities that address and seek to avoid
the development of new or increased disaster risks, especially if risk reduction policies are not put m place.

"Disaster Response" - the provision of emergency services and public assistance

during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts,
ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.
Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is
sometimes called "disaster relief".

"Response" - any concerted effort by two (2) or more agencies, public or private, to
provide assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life
preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the
restoration of essential public activities and facilities.

THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OFFICE (NDRRMC or NC)

- Is this an agency? (NO)

It is only a council, a culmination/group of departments involved in DRRMC
it is a task force of permanent nature /existence
Mandate:
The National Council, being empowered with policy-making, coordination, integration,
supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions (ETO UNG PINAKAIMPORTANT NA SAGOT)

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS (WAG NA TO IREPORT, PAG TINANONG LNG NI MAM SAKA NATN IPRESENT. WALA NMN NAKIKINIG
DITO.
(a) Develop a NDRRMF which shall provide for a comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based
approach to disaster risk reduction and management. The Framework shall serve as the principal guide to disaster risk reduction and
management efforts in the country and shall be reviewed on a five(5)-year interval, or as may be deemed necessary, in order to ensure
its relevance to the times;
(b) Ensure that the NDRRMP is consistent with the NDRRMF;
(c) Advise the President on the status of disaster preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and rehabilitation operations being
undertaken by the government, CSOs, private sector, and volunteers; recommend to the President the declaration of a state of calamity
in areas extensively damaged; and submit proposals to restore normalcy in the affected areas, to include calamity fund allocation;
(d) Ensure a multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating, and sharing of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Information System and Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy, planning and decision-making tools;
(e) Establish a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency
response organizations and to the general public through diverse mass media to include digital and analog broadcast, cable, satellite
television and radio, wireless communications, and landline communications;
(f) Develop appropriate risk transfer mechanisms that shall guarantee social and economic protection and increase resiliency in the face
of disaster;
(g) Monitor the development and enforcement by agencies and organizations of the various laws, guidelines, codes or technical
standards required by this Act;
(h) Manage and mobilize resources for disaster risk reduction and management including the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund;
(i) Monitor and provide the necessary guidelines and procedures. on the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
(LDRRMF) releases as well as utilization, accounting and auditing thereof;
(j) Develop assessment tools on the existing and potential hazards and risks brought about by climate change to vulnerable areas and
ecosystems in coordination with the Climate Change Commission;
(k) Develop vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms for a more coherent implementation of disaster risk reduction and
management policies and programs by sectoral agencies and LGUs;
(l) Formulate a national institutional capability building program for disaster risk reduction and management to address the specific'
weaknesses of various government agencies and LGUs, based on the results of a biennial baseline assessment and studies;
(m) Formulate, harmonize, and translate into policies a national agenda for research and technology development on disaster risk
reduction and management;
(n) In coordination with the Climate Change Commission, formulate and implement a framework for climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction and management from which all policies, programs, and projects shall be based;
(o) Constitute a technical management group composed of representatives of the abovementioned departments, offices, and
organizations, that shall coordinate and meet as often as necessary to effectively manage and sustain national efforts on disaster risk
reduction and management;
(p) Task the OCD to conduct periodic assessment and performance monitoring of the member-agencies of the NDRRMC, and the
Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs), as defined in the NDRRMP; and
(q) Coordinate or oversee the Implementation of the country's obligations with disaster management treaties to which it IS a party and
see to It that the country's disaster management treaty obligations be incorporated in its disaster risk reduction and management
frameworks, policies, plans, programs and projects.

Q: Who are the members of NDRRMC:

COOL to ask mo sa student, name all you want lol..halos lahat kasama...
to wit:
(DOH); (DENR); (DA); (DepED); (DOE); (DOF); (DT!); (DOTC); (DBM);(DPWH); (DFA);
(DOJ); (DOLE);(DOT); The Executive Secretary;(OPAPP); (CHED);(AFP); (PNP); The Press
Secretary; Secretary General of the Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC); Commissioner
of the National Anti-Poverty Commission-Victims of Disasters and Calamities Sector
(NAPCVDC);Chairperson, National Commission on the Role of Filipino
Women;Chairperson, Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC);
Executive Director of the Climate Change Office of the Climate Change Commission;
President, Government Service Insurance System (GSIS); President, Social Security
System (SSS);President, Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth);President of
the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines (ULAP); President of the League of
Provinces of the Philippines (LPP); President of the League of Cities of the Philippines
(LCP);President of the League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP); President of the
Liga ng Mga Barangay (LMB); Four (4) representatives from the CSOs; One (1)
representative from the private sector; and Administrator of the OCD.
Q: Who is the head of NDRRMC?

Chair: SEC. OF DND

The Chairperson of the NDRRMC may call upon other instrumentalities or entities of the
government and nongovernment and civic organizations for assistance In terms of the use
of their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and properties in
the whole range of disaster risk reduction and management. This authority includes the
power to call on the reserve force as defined in Republic Act No. 7077 to assist in relief and
rescue during disasters or calamities.

V-CHAIR:
Disaster Preparedness: DILG
Disaster Response: DSWD
Disaster Prevention: DOST
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery: NEDA

Q: Who is the Executive Director? OFFICE OF THE CIVIL DEFENSE ADMINISTRATOR

 shall have the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and
disaster risk reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous
development of strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the
vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters.
shall have the same duties and privileges of a department undersecretary
All appointees shall be universally acknowledged experts in the field of disaster
preparedness and management and of proven honesty and integrity.
The National Council shall utilize the services and facilities of the OCD as the secretariat of
the National Council.

ORG CHART (FOUR TIERS)

NDRRMC(national)

RDRRMC(regional)

P/C/MDRRMC(Provincial, City, Municipality)

-headed by their LOCAL CHIEF EXECUTIVES

BDC(Barangay Development Council)

COORDINATION

(kung may heirarchy of courts, may heirarchy of DRRMC din)

Section 15. Coordination During Emergencies. - The LDRRMCs shall take the lead in preparing for,
responding to, and recovering from the effects of any disaster based on the following criteria:
(a) The BDC, if a barangay is affected;
(b) The city/municipal DRRMCs, If two (2) or more barangays are affected;
(c) The provincial DRRMC, if two (2) or more cities/municipalities are affected;
(d) The regional DRRMC, if two (2) or more provinces are affected; and
(e) The NDRRMC, if two (2) or more regions are affected.
****The NDRRMC and intermediary LDRRMCs shall always act as support to LGUs which have the
primary responsibility as first disaster responders. Private sector and civil society groups shall work in
accordance with the coordination mechanism and policies set by the NDRRMC and concerned
LDRRMCs.

RULES ON THE DECLARATION OF STATE OF CALAMITY

State of Calamity
a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of
livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the
 occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard.

Who declares SC? National ----* President (warrant international humanitaraian assistance)

Local ----* LOCAL SANGGUNIAN

Criteria for Declaration?

Remedial Measures:

1. Imposition of Price Ceiling

2. Prevention of Overpricing, Profiteering and Hoarding
3. Funds Programming for Inreastructure and Facilities
4. Granting of non-interest loans

Section 17. Remedial Measures. - The declaration of a state of calamity shall make mandatory the Immediate undertaking of the
following remedial measures by the member-agencies concerned as defined in this Act:
(a) Imposition of price ceiling on basic necessities and prime commodities by the President upon the recommendation of the
implementing agency as provided for under Republic Act No. 7581, otherwise known as the "Price Act", or the National Price
Coordinating Council;
(b) Monitoring, prevention and control by the Local Price Coordination Council of overpricing/profiteering and hoarding of
prime commodities, medicines and petroleum products;
(c) Programming/reprogramming of funds for the repair and safety upgrading of public infrastructures and facilities; and
(d) Granting of no-interest loans by government financing or lending institutions to the most affected section of the population
through their cooperatives or people's organizations.

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

(pabullet form na lng)

Section 18. Mechanism for International Humanitarian Assistance. -

(a) The importation and donation of food, clothing, medicine and equipment for relief and recovery and
other disaster management and recovery-related supplies is hereby authorized in accordance with
Section 105 of the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines,

(b) as amended, and the prevailing provisions of the General Appropriations Act covering national
internal revenue taxes and import duties of national and local government agencies; and

(c.) Importations and donations under this section shall be considered as importation by and/or
donation to the NDRRMC, subject to the approval of the Office of the President.

FUNDING
National Disaster Risk" Reduction and Management Fund / CALAMITY FUND
- in the GAA
- used for disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities such as but
not limited to training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital expenditures. It can also
be utilized for relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services in connection with natural
or human induced calamities which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the
past two (2) years from the budget year. ***
OCD FUNDING
- As lead agency to carry out the provisions of this Act, the OCD shall be allocated a budget of One
billion pesos (Php1,000,000,000.00) revolving fund starting from the effectivity of this Act.
Local Disaster Risk" Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)
Not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set
aside as the LDRRMF to support disaster risk management activities. ***
***thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that
situation and living conditions of people In communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex
emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible.

PROHIBITED ACTS
(a) Dereliction of duties which leads to destruction, loss of lives, critical damage of facilities and
misuse of funds;
(b) Preventing the entry and distribution of relief goods in disaster-stricken areas, including
appropriate technology, tools, equipment, accessories, disaster teams/experts;
(c) Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods, equipment or
other and commodities which are intended for distribution to disaster affected communities;
(d) Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient disaster affected persons any relief goods,
equipment or other aid commodities received by them;
(e) Selling of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities which are intended for distribution
to disaster victims;
(f) Forcibly seizing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities intended for or consigned to
a specific group of victims or relief agency;
(g) Diverting or misdelivery of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities to persons other
than the rightful recipient or consignee;
(h) Accepting, possessing, using or disposing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities
not intended for nor consigned to him/her;
(i) Misrepresenting the source of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities by:
(1) Either covering, replacing or defacing the labels of the containers to make it appear that the
goods, equipment or other aid commodities came from another agency or persons;
(2) Repacking the! goods, equipment or other aid commodities into containers with different
markings to make it appear that the goods came from another agency or persons or was
released upon the instance of a particular agency or persons;
(3) Making false verbal claim that the goods, equipment or other and commodity m its
untampered original containers actually came from another agency or persons or was released
upon the instance of a particular agency or persons;
(j) Substituting or replacing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities with the same
items or inferior/cheaper quality;
(k) Illegal solicitations by persons or organizations representing others as defined in the
standards and guidelines set by the NDRRMC;
(l) Deliberate use of false at inflated data in support of the request for funding, relief goods,
equipment or other aid commodities for emergency assistance or livelihood projects; and
(m) Tampering with or stealing hazard monitoring and disaster preparedness equipment and
paraphernalia.

PENAL PROVISIONS
VIOLATION OF RA 10121, SEC 19
JURISDICTION: RTC?
Who may institute prosecution?
-without prejudice to liability under RPC
Req:
1. Any individual, corporation, partnership, association, or other juridical entity
- IF corporation, partnership or association, or other juridical entity = officer or officers of such)
2. commits any of the prohibited acts provided for in Section 19 of this Act (A-M)

Penalties
if Private Individual
- a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) or any amount not to exceed Five hundred
thousand pesos (php500,000.00)
and/or
- imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day or more than twelve (12) years,
if public official
- a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) or any amount not to exceed Five hundred
thousand pesos (php500,000.00)
and/or
- imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day or more than twelve (12) years,
- with perpetual disqualification from public office

If foreigner
- a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) or any amount not to exceed Five hundred
thousand pesos (php500,000.00)
and/or
- imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day or more than twelve (12) years,
- deportation,, bye bye yooo

ENDING NOTES
"THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT RESILIENCE CAN NEVER BE PRODUCED IN
ISOLATIONWE NEED TO BRING ACTORS TOGETHER AND PROVIDE THE
MEANS FOR MULTISECTORAL COORDINATION BASED ON A WHOLE OF
SOCIETY APPROACH.
HELENA LINDBERG, DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE SWEDISH CIVIL CONTINGENCIES AGENCY

hanap kayo iba...