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NOZZLE FLEXIBILITIES - WRC 297 AND APPLICATIONS * Issued in August of 1984 * Treats two normally intersecting cylindical shells. * Solutions derived using thin shell theory, i.e. finite element analysis with plates will produce the same solutions. * Assumptions very similar to the types of plane-section- remain-plane assumptions made with beam theory. ——— pLane sections REMAIN PLANE TYPICAL Finite ELEMENT ON AN ENTERSECTION * Flexibility directions at intersections: CicUAPOLOSTIAL MOM ONT AKAL LONSeM DIAL MomLmnT¥ * All other directions are considered rigid: i. torsional ii, Longitudinal shear iii, Circumferential shear * Limitations to the applicability: dD < 0.5 ...reduced intersections. dit > 20 important for nozzle stresses DIT > 20 dT > 5 DIT < 2500 Stress calculations ae not applicable to nozzles that penetrate inside the wall. ‘The nozzle thickness should be uniform for a distance of 2 sqrt( dt ). * If the reinforcing pad is less than 1.65 sqrt(RT) in width then don't include it. (Although nozzle wall stresses will probably be higher because of the pad.) If the reinforcing pad width is greater than 1.65 sqrt(RT) in length then use Twall.+ Tpad for the vessel thickness. LG Be ears | * From WRC 297: "The nozzle [stiffnesses], ie. indicate that the nozzle flexibility is equivalent to the flexibility of 3 to 13 elbows; concentrated as a point spring at the junction of the pipe with the vessel.” * All of the WRC 297 stiffness data comes from the two curves on the following pages. CAESAR makes the following basic geometry checks to make sure the WRC 297 parameter requirements are satisfied. dD <05 DIT > 20 DIT < 2500 oe21532 7 = hLrr teers tan| pn PO D=48in. T=0.25 in, Ay le be 146 bw BOO in Il oe Base 19D a cqrentin Hoe 20 pel) Doe Mn 2809 64 one i ue Sh Ah a REE casonyt © Babe . CBR = 38 hie. Aoexares =, hew® : “ee KO (Bl O%ad = sae 4 50 From BY. 54 bo age haa ET DAY” (nae Eo) (0. 0" N08) "Ces nyY : = 4ieb tb fan ' (me /eT?e) 23,0 Ps FY Go i Ke = (2.0) GoptiotMo2t) "am = 24093 24/6 ly ' Bud Gas fette)# 2 osu wep lnghdawd snGiu Tha cuaine. ourpp tele aRGoaren ‘gue Chern, babs SeyThe particular checks on the nozzle diameter and thickness are not that critical when dealing with flexibilities. (i.e. solid plug junctions are not that much more or less flexible than hollow nozzle junctions). * The procedure for computing the stiffness is shown below: Compute L = 8(L1)(L2) / sqrt{ L1**1/2 + L2**1/2] Compute A = L / sqrt( DT ) Compute v = (d/D) sqrt( D/T) Read a from Fig. 59 Compute axial stiffness from 4,95(a)(E)T**2 / sqrt(D**2_ A) 6 - Read Fig. 60 for M/ET**3 Beircum and for M/ET**3 Blong. 7 - Compute stiffnesses from: Keircum = (W/ET**3 Beircum) ET**3 Klong = (M/ET**3 Blong) ET**3 unune Vessel Flexibilities generally reduce loads and stresses in the piping system and are not as conservative as completely rigid intersections The intention when using WRC297 flexibilities is to eliminate excess conservation. comspeereny Riad. i 7 TOT \ Tecook, LL TRAE OR THR ERC NO REES FLQKIBILIT ES | : Tests In some configurations the use of flexibilities redistributes loads to rotating equipment:e EecKk Pomp Sotios With the connection at(S)rigid, the loads from the thermal growth of the rack piping are taken by the nozzle and kept off of the pump battery. If the nozzle is flexible, it will defoim, loading up the pump flanges. A sensitivity study of the model can shed light on the true condition of the system analysis: % -Rieio Nozze Mover ©. ~ FLexibie Nozze Mover Regios 2.| Renin 2| Rearon 2! “Ase spuDes Region 1 - Stresses are high for both models - a redesign of the piping or reinforcement at the intersection is needed. Model is insensitive to vessel flexibilities (mostly with smaller diameter piping, heavy vessels). Region 2 - Stresses are high with the rigid model and low with the flexible model. Job is very sensitive to local flexibility. Need to take a closer look at the intersection: 1. Are the dimensionless parameters well within the limits of the theory? If not, vessel calculations may be way off. 2. Is the nozzle truly an isolated nozzle? If not, stresses near the nozzle could be much higher. ~156-3. In most cases of this type the WRC 297 stiffnesses are so much smaller than the rigid stiffness the user can adjust the WRC 297 results toward stiffer junctions, (i.e. greater wall thicknesses, smaller radii) Without affecting the piping solutions. Many times even a WRC 297 junction 10 to 100 times stiffer than what is normally calculated will still produce similar results. In these cases the analyst can comfortably put more confidence in the WRC 297 solution providing (1) and (2) above are answered in the affirmative. 4. Is the local vessel model very sensitive to changes? (i.e. if the "L" dimensions change, or if the reinforcing pad is left out do the stiffnesses change very much 2), If so, then need to build a range of the solutions to study the parameters that effect the model and try to extract the results that are most in line with the assumptions that surround each parameter being varied. (If close to an asymptotic curve position, then correlation of the solutions will be of no value.) 5. Are other stresses high (i.e. pressure)? If other stresses are high then the room for error is small. 6. Is the material highly susceptible to cracking or corrosion? In these cases, the room for error is small. Region 3 - Stresses for both models are low. There is probably no problem or need for further concern, Question: How accurate are the WRC 297 calculations? Answer: It is the opinion of the developers that the results of the WRC 297 flexibility calculations are within one order of magnitude of the exact solution, where the exact solution is defined by a plate finite element analysis of the model geometry. How accurate is a finite element analysis of the model? ‘As long as plate theory applies: very accurate for flexibilities, less accurate for stresses. (The problem with stress calculations is that they are typically very sensitive to the boundary conditions). One way to look at the plate theory assumption: F F = — BEAM TYPE BEAM-TYPE THEORY BEAM- TYPE THEORY. THEORY APPLIES PROBBELY STILL APPLIES PROBABLY DoesN'T APPLY -187-With very thin shells, geometric nonlinearities and local buckling can completely redistribute local stresses and loads. How about Flexibilities in heads? WRC 297 will give results that are closer than rigid connections. Because this is an extension of the WRC 297 application, the user might also want to study the effect that "crossbred" lengths have on the flexibility calculations. But in most cases going from rigid to flexible is a change of 5 - 7 orders of magnitude, where the change due to the “crossbred” engths is only on the order of 2 - 3. Question: What about Hillside nozzles and nozzles that aren't normal to the vessel shell? Answer: WRC 297 will give results that are closer than rigid connections. Providing these configurations are modelled as ¢ WRC297 flexibilities give recommended below, it is felt like th reasonable stiffness magnitudes. 7158+30-35 Rieid, WeiantLess, oD> Oj; THIET Bordo THSeay VRE 207 PLEKIBLITIES 40-45 V4" Lona PIPE ELEMENT ALONG The Ske LINE AS THe ELEMSHIT 30-35, S02 ad THKre As-SO HILLSIDE NOBeLe, op= 4, THKEE ns. wos-uo, Rigid, warghrless, OD=D, THE=T ho -11F Task Wee 247 flevibalier- WS Moyle Nest, 110 Yeiseh Node US-129%4" long pipe element along Hoe sane Via as Me clemoe® 105-110 oped THE Vio 125 Watered pagel D9 rote LATERAL BRANCH CONNEETION, / ore use of the 1/4" long nozzle he local vessel flexibilities with se vessel directions. Note: The key idea with the element is to properly orient tl respect to the axial, longitudinal and transver: Can WRC 297 be used to build models of pipe intersections. Question: ‘Answer: Yes, providing the parameters governing WRC 297's use are satisfied: d/D<05 D/T>20 ‘The following modeling method should be used:
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