CBSE XII | Physics

Board Paper – 2009

CBSE Board
Class XII Physics – Set 1
Board Paper – 2009 (Solution)

1. The electric potential energy is the external work done in bringing the charge q from
infinity to the point r in the electric field . It is assumed that the potential energy of
the system is zero when the charge separation is infinite.

2. The magnetic field is in the direction in which the electron moves. The force is given
by F = q (vxB) and for force to be zero, v and B must be parallel to each other.

3. X-rays are used to study crystal structure of solids. The frequency range is 1nm to
10-3 nm.

4. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted,

= 1.6 10-19 C ⨯ 2V = 3.2 10-19 J

5. Power of the combination is the sum of the power of the two lenses.
So power = +5D + (-2.5D) = +2.5D.
1
Focal length = 1/power = × 100 = 40cm
2.5

6. Angular separation of fringes in Young’s double slit experiment is given . So when

d
the distance between the slits and screen is halved, the angular separation of fringes
remains the same.

7. AND gate

8. The radii of the nucleus is given by

R = RoA1/3
1/3 1/3
R1 A1 27 3
R2 A21 / 3 125 5

So the nuclear radii are in the ratio of 3:5.

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

9. (i) Transducer converts energy from one form to another either at the input or at
the output. For example sound signals are converted to electrical signals so that they
can be transmitted through the communication channel.
(ii) Repeater stations receive the signal, amplify it and then transmit it. This helps to
increase the range of transmission of signals.
OR
(i) Modulation helps to increase the frequency of the signal. This helps to transmit it
over larger distances as a higher frequency signal will suffer less attenuation.
(ii) The size of the antenna required is proportional to (wavelength/4). So if waves
of large wavelength are transmitted then the size of the antenna required is
impractical. By increasing the frequency of the signal by modulation, its wavelength
is decreased. So now shorter and more practical size antennas can be built.

10. Electric flux is the number of field lines crossing an area. It is given by. Its SI unit is
N.m2/C.
The electric flux through a spherical surface of radius R for a charge q enclosed by
q
the surface is . If radius is reduced to half, the electric flux remains the same.
o
11. (i) The relation between critical angle and refractive index of a material is given by
1
n
sin ic
(ii) Yes, the critical angle will depend on the color of light. Different colors of light
have different values of refractive indices, so their critical angle will also be
different.

12. “Linearly polarized light” is a plane electromagnetic wave, in which the electric field
is restricted to a single plane. The intensity of transmitted light is given by,
I = Io cos2 θ
The intensity of transmitted light is maximum when θ = 0o or the polarizing axis of
the two Polaroids are parallel to each other.

13. (a) The mass of a nucleus in its ground state is always less than the total mass of its
constituents because some mass is converted into energy, in accordance with the
equation E = mc2 . This difference in mass is called the mass defect and the energy
corresponding to the mass defect is the binding energy. This is the energy that has
to be supplied to the nucleus to break it up into its constituents.

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

(b)

14. The current sensitivity of a galvanometer is the deflection per unit flow of current.
Voltage sensitivity is given by deflection per unit volt.
NiAB
k
Current sensitivity
NAB
i k
Voltage sensitivity
NAB
V kR
If the current sensitivity is increased by increasing the number of turns N, the
resistance R can also increase. So the voltage sensitivity might not increase, on
increasing the current sensitivity.

R1 R4
15. The following resistors form a balanced Wheatstone bridge as . So the
R5 R3
current flowing through R2 is zero and the

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

Total resistance of the

R1 and R4 in series) and then (R5 and R3 in series).
R14 and R35 are in parallel with each other.
Total resistance of the combination is found as follows:
R14 = 3
R35 = 6
1/R = 1/31/6
R=2

16. On stretching the wire to double its original length, its area of cross-section is
halved. The resistance of the new wire will be 4 times the original resistance.
So the resistance of the stretched wire will be 20 4 = 80
It is cut into two equal parts. The resistance of each part will be 40 .
The total resistance of the parallel combination of these two parts will be 20 .
4.0V
This combination is connected to 4.0V battery, so current = 0.2A
20
17. Planes parallel to the x-y plane. If the field increases and equipotential surfaces are
drawn for the same difference in potential then as the field increases the surfaces
will become closer to each other.

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

18. (a) X-rays from celestial objects cannot reach the earth’s surface. So for X-ray
astronomy to be possible the satellite has to be present in space.
However, visible light and lower wavelengths of light emitted by celestial objects
reach the surface of the earth. So these objects can be observed with optical and
radio telescopes.
(b) The ozone layer is crucial for human survival as they help to block UV radiations
and other high frequency harmful radiations and prevent them from reaching the
earth’s surface.

19. Draw a diagram of the Geiger Marsden experiment. The alpha particles that are
incident head-on with the gold nucleus experience a very large force of repulsion
and undergo maximum deflection. Equating the kinetic energy of the incident alpha
particle with the potential energy of the alpha particle and gold nucleus, the sum of
the approximate radius of the gold nucleus and alpha particle, can be found.

20. (i) A meter bridge is like a wheat stone bridge. The jockey is moved along the wire
and the resistances of the arms are varied, until the balance condition is reached.
l1 R
When the current in the galvanometer is zero, then
100 l1 S

After connecting X in parallel with S

l2 R R X S
100 l2 XS XS
X S
l1
R
100 l1 S XX
l2 R X S R X S
Taking the ratio of these two equations gives X 100 l2 XS
l1 100 l2 RX
100 l1 l2 R X S
Solving the above expression X can be found.

21. (i) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the induced emf is
proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

d
dt
(ii) The induced emf will be given by BlV where the magnetic field B is
perpendicular to the length l.
In the question the earth’s magnetic field is given and the angle of dip is 30 degrees,
so the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the plane is B sin 30o.
Hence induced emf = (5 10-4 sin 30o) (25 m) (1800) (5/18) m /s
= 3.125V
D
22. The separation between the fringes on the screen is given by t where D is the
d
distance of the slits from the screen and d is the distance between the slits.
600nm D
10mm =
d
For the second source
D
8mm
d
Taking the ratio of the above two equations gives
600nm D
10mm d
8mm D
d
480nm

23.

Take a charged conductor of any arbitrary shape with charge density C / m2.
The total flux through a small cylindrical Gaussian surface will be given by Gauss’s
law as follows:
ch arg e enclosed .A
E.A
o o

E n
o

The electric field will be normal to the surface at all points of the conductor.
OR
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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

(i) On inserting a slab of dielectric constant K between the plates, the capacitance of
the capacitor is K times. New capacitance, C = KCo.
(ii) The electric field between the plates of the capacitor decreases. It becomes E =
Eo
.
K
(iii) The energy stored by a capacitor is
Q2 Q2 Q2
Which becomes .
2Co 2C 2KCo
So the energy stored becomes 1/K times its original value.

24. The sky waves are reflected from the ionosphere and received by a receiver. Space
waves penetrate the ionosphere and are intercepted by a satellite. They can also be
used for line of sight communication.

25. A series resistor is put with the Zener diode. The Zener diode is kept reverse biased.
If the input voltage increases, the current through the series resistor and zener
diode increases. However the zener voltage remains constant. In the breakdown
region of the zener diode the voltage across it remains the same even if the current
through it increases.
If the input voltage decreases, the current through the series resistor and zener
diode decreases. The voltage across the series resistor also decreases, however the
voltage across the zener diode remains the same.
Thus the voltage across the zener diode remains the same even if the input voltage
changes.

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

26. The circuit diagram can be found in your NCERT textbook. The output wave form is
amplified but reversed in phase by 180 degrees.

Voltage gain is the product of the current gain and the ratio of the resistance of the
output circuit to the resistance of the input circuit.
vo RL
Av
vi r

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

27. The decay rate or the number of nuclei decaying per unit time is the activity of the
sample. Its SI unit is Bq.

The sample will decay to 1/8th of its initial value in 3 half lifes which is 3T years.

28. (a) For diagram refer to NCERT textbook.

(ii) Advantages of reflecting over refracting are:
1. Lenses suffer from chromatic aberrations that are not there in mirrors.
2. Lenses also have spherical aberration, a parabolic mirror will be free of spherical
aberration.
3. I t is easier to support large mirrors as the back surface is non- reflecting, but a
lens needs support around its rim.
(b) For convex lens of f = +10cm
u = -30cm; f = +10cm
1/v -1/u = 1/f
Substituting the values you get v = +15cm.
This image is at 10cm from the concave lens that is placed at a distance of 5cm from
the convex lens. It will act as a virtual object hence, u = +10cm.
For concave lens
u = +10cm, f = -10cm
1/v-1/u = 1/f
Substituting the above values we get
V = infinity. So the final image is formed at infinity.
OR
(a) Derive the mirror formula as given in the NCERT textbook.
(b) For the hypermetropic eye u = -25cm, v = -50cm
Use 1/v-1/u = 1/f
Plugging in values in this equation give f = 50cm
Hence power = 1/f (in meters) = 2D.

29. Changing magnetic flux across a conductor causes currents to flow in the body of the
conductor, these are called eddy currents.
Applications are: magnetic braking of trains, electromagnetic damping of
galvanometers.
(b) (i) Blv

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

Blv
(ii) F = ilB and here i = , where R is resistance of RS.
R
B2l2 v
F
R
B2l2 v2
P F.v
R
OR

(a) Whenever there is a change in magnetic flux linked with a loop, there is an
induced emf .The direction of the induced emf is such that it opposes the cause that
d
produces it. Hence the negative sign in the following equation. .
dt
This is a consequence of conservation of energy because a current flows in the
circuit when there is a changing flux through it and this means that electrical energy
is available. However, work needs to be done to make this energy available and
mechanical energy is spent.
(b) Derivation given in NCERT textbook.

30. Diagram of cyclotron as given in your textbook. Charged particles are introduced
between the dees. An alternating voltage applied between the dees accelerates these
particles by an electric field. A magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of
the dees exerts a force of the particles that is given by F = q (VxB). This causes the
particles to follow a circular trajectory. As they reach the dees the polarity is
reversed and the particles are once more accelerated. This continues and highly
energetic beams of charged particles are obtained.
Magnetic field is perpendicular to dees.
f qvXB
mv2
qvB
r
qB
m
m 1
T .
qB 2
The time period is indeptt of speed and radius of circular path.
(ii) Resonance condition is when the angular frequency of the rotating charged
particle and the angular frequency of the alternating voltage applied across the dees
of the cyclotron match.
The charged particles are only accelerated by the electric field. The magnetic field
only keeps it moving along a circular track. The acceleration happens when the
charged particle crosses the gap between the two dees. At this instant the field
between the dees has to be reversed so that the electric field can accelerate the
charged particle.
OR

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 CBSE XII | Physics
Board Paper – 2009

(1) Force on first wire due to current in second wire.

F12 i2lB2
oi2
B2
2 r
oi2
F12 i1l
2 r
F12 oi2
i1
l 2 r
This will also be equal to force on second wire due to first wire.

The direction of the magnetic moment of the current loop will be into the paper.
(ii) The torque on the loop is maximum when plane of loop and magnetic field is same. At
this position the magnetic moment and magnetic field are perpendicular to each other.
r r I
m B mB sin
Torque is maximum when 90
Torque is minimum when 0

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