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    LNG Fuel Systems

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    smithwork
    The document discusses LNG fuel systems for ships and the certification and approval process. It outlines the key drivers for switching to LNG fuel including new emissions regulations. It provides an overview of the regulatory framework from the IMO and ABS rules. It discusses important design considerations such as fuel tank capacity and location, leak mitigation, hazardous area classification, and ensuring safe machinery spaces.

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    LNG Fuel Systems

    Uploaded by

    smithwork
    361 views33 pages
    The document discusses LNG fuel systems for ships and the certification and approval process. It outlines the key drivers for switching to LNG fuel including new emissions regulations. It provides an overview of the regulatory framework from the IMO and ABS rules. It discusses important design considerations such as fuel tank capacity and location, leak mitigation, hazardous area classification, and ensuring safe machinery spaces.

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    The document discusses LNG fuel systems for ships and the certification and approval process. It outlines the key drivers for switching to LNG fuel including new emissions regulations. It provides an overview of the regulatory framework from the IMO and ABS rules. It discusses important design considerations such as fuel tank capacity and location, leak mitigation, hazardous area classification, and ensuring safe machinery spaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    361 views33 pages

    LNG Fuel Systems

    Uploaded by

    smithwork
    The document discusses LNG fuel systems for ships and the certification and approval process. It outlines the key drivers for switching to LNG fuel including new emissions regulations. It provides an overview of the regulatory framework from the IMO and ABS rules. It discusses important design considerations such as fuel tank capacity and location, leak mitigation, hazardous area classification, and ensuring safe machinery spaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key drivers for using LNG as fuel are compliance with emission regulations like MARPOL and EPA, along with potential cost savings over time. LNG fuel systems can help reduce SOx and NOx emissions.

    The main drivers for using LNG as fuel are compliance with sulfur emission control areas (ECAs) under MARPOL, Tier III NOx emission levels, and EPA emissions standards. Using LNG can also lower emissions and potentially reduce life cycle operating costs compared to other options.

    The main regulatory frameworks and guidelines are the IMO Interim Guidelines (MSC.285(86)), the draft IGF Code, and the ABS Guide for Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems for Gas Fueled Ships. Key issues under discussion include the application and harmonization of the IGC and IGF Codes.

    LNG Fuel Systems:

    Certification & Approval

    Steve Gumpel
    Vice President Business Development Americas

    Cleveland
    24 February 2012

    SNAME GREAT LAKES & GREAT RIVERS SECTION


    Outline

    Drivers for fuel switch


    Regulatory framework
    Key design issues and ABS Guide
    Further considerations

    2
    Why LNG as Fuel?

    Governing factors for selection of future fuel and power plants


    MARPOL 0.1% sulfur fuel in ECA (from 1 Jan 2015)
    MARPOL Tier III level NOx emission (from 1 Jan 2016)
    EPA Tier 3 and Tier 4 (2014 and 2016)
    Lowest possible EEDI (new MARPOL energy efficiency requirement)
    Life cycle operating costs

    Options
    HFO power plants with SOx scrubber
    LNG fueled propulsion and auxiliary systems
    Distillate fuel

    3
    Background & Key Drivers

    In recent years, dual fuel engine technology has been introduced to the marine
    market, primarily through medium-speed engine applications to LNG carriers
    Spark ignition gas engines have also been installed on a number of ferry and
    patrol craft vessels primarily operating in Norway
    No SOx emission
    Otto cycle DF and single fuel gas engines meet IMO Tier III NOx
    24% NOx reduction for direct injection slow speed

    Mitsubishi GS16R-MPTK, Rolls Royce Bergen C26:33, Wartsila 50DF,


    Source: Diesel Power Source: Rolls Royce Source: Wartsila

    4
    Regulatory Framework

    IMO Resolution MSC.285(86) Interim Guidelines on Safety for Natural


    Gas-Fuelled Engine Installations in Ships adopted 1 June 2009
    voluntary
    IMO International Code for Safety for Ships using Gases or Other Low
    Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code) originally scheduled for completion in
    2012, BLG 15 in Feb 2011 extended that to 2014
    Needs to be mandated by SOLAS
    Needs to be reviewed by other IMO bodies, DE, FP, SLF, STW

    5
    Regulatory Framework

    BLG 15 directed harmonization of


    IGC and IGF Codes, where possible
    Paper 16/6/4 from Germany
    indicates a preference to delete
    Chapter 16 of the IGC Code and to
    be replaced with the IGF Code
    Norway have submitted 16/7/2 on
    the IGC Code suggesting changes
    to the requirements for gas
    detection, ventilation and actions in
    DF machinery spaces
    Is the 2014 deadline possible?

    6
    Regulatory Framework

    BLG 16 at IMO 30 Jan 3 Feb 2012


    SIGTTO submitted BLG 16/6/7 on
    IGF Code with following concerns
    Location of bunker tanks
    ESD protected machinery spaces
    Use of gases/fuels other than methane
    Bunkering
    Training
    Germany has submitted 16/6/4
    proposing to make IGF Code mandatory
    by amendment of SOLAS, including
    location of fuels with flashpoint less
    than 60oC

    7
    ABS Rules

    ABS Guide for Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems for Gas Fueled Ships
    Free download available Pub #181
    Under Alternative Compliance Program (ACP), US flag ships are built
    to ABS Rules with
    USCG supplemental
    requirements

    8
    Guide for Propulsion & Auxiliary Systems for
    Gas Fueled Ships

    The ABS Guide is arranged with the following sections


    Section 1 General
    Section 2 Ship Arrangements and System Design
    Section 3 Gas Fuel Storage
    Section 4 Fuel Bunkering System
    Section 5 Fuel Gas Supply System
    Section 6 Re-liquefaction Unit
    Section 7 Gas Combustion Units/Thermal Oxidizers
    Section 8 Dual Fuel Diesel and Single Gas Fuel Engines
    Section 9 Dual Fuel Gas Turbine Propulsion System
    Section 10 Surveys After Construction and Maintenance of Class

    9
    Key Design Issues

    LNG fuel tank capacity and type


    LNG fuel tank location
    Leak mitigation in tank hold space
    Fuel gas pipe arrangements
    Bunker station
    BOG management
    Continuity of power fault tolerant design

    10
    Fuel Tank Capacity

    Gross Calorific Values


    HFO 41.2 MJ/Kg
    LNG 55.5 MJ/Kg

    and
    Density
    HFO 991 Kg/m3
    LNG 464 Kg/m3

    For the same energy input, LNG need 1.6 times more
    storage volume (m3)
    Type C tanks with access around tank, it could be
    3 to 4 times
    Tank type is a function of required capacity

    11
    Fuel Tank Requirements: Meet IGC

    Independent tanks

    Type C Tank

    Type B Tank

    12
    Location of Tanks

    Risk of sustaining mechanical damages


    Risk of fire in adjacent space causing over pressure
    Risk of leaked flammable product causing fire and explosion
    Risk of leaked cryogenic fluid leading to loss of structural integrity

    13
    Fuel Tank Requirements: Type & Locations

    Normal fuel storage tank location B/5 from side shell as per
    IGC Code Type 1 ship:

    14
    Fuel Tank Requirements: Type & Locations

    For ships other than passenger vessels the revised IGC Code
    tank location criteria may be applied

    15
    Leak Mitigation: Tank Spaces

    Fuel gas conditioning and preparation to be undertaken in a


    space outside of the engine room
    For smaller vessels using Type C fuel storage tanks, this is
    typically undertaken in the tank connection space or tank room

    FROM
    BUNKER FUEL STORAGE
    STATION ROOM

    TANK
    CONNECTION
    SPACE

    TO HEATER
    ENGINE
    LNG TANK
    FUEL PBU
    VAPORIZE VAPORIZER
    R

    16
    Hazardous Area Classification

    Hazardous areas IEC 60092-502

    17
    Hazardous Area Classification

    Vacuum insulated Type C arrangements

    ZONE
    1?

    Source: Wartsila 18
    Gas Safe Machinery Space

    19
    GVU Room Requirements

    ABS Gas Fueled Ships Guide GVU room requirements


    30 air changes/hour
    2 permanent continuous
    Gas detectors with alarms
    Electrical equipment should be certified
    as safe
    Self-closing gastight door with alarm
    Explosion mitigation
    Access arranged in consideration of
    hazardous area ratings, generally
    by air lock

    Source: Wartsila 20
    Fuel Preparation & Supply

    Master gas valve to be located outside machinery space


    Block and bleed valve required for each consumer
    Venting and purging facility

    Vent Vent
    GVU room
    Master gas
    valve

    Gas fuel
    To gas from FGS
    consumer system
    Block and
    bleed valve

    Machinery
    N2 space N2

    21
    Single Wall Piping: ESD Protected E/R
    Exhaust ventilation Inlet air @ min. 30 air change
    @ min. 30 air change + combustion air

    Master gas valve


    Shut-off upon detection of
    gas leakage

    Ventilation Gas fuel


    (negative pressure) Single wall piping Max. 10 bar

    Gas detectors-2 Gas detectors-1

    DFD or
    gas engine

    E/R

    22
    Single Wall Piping: ESD Protected E/R

    Low pressure gas systems (<10bar) only


    Two separate machinery spaces are to be provided
    Spaces to contain only engines and minimum necessary equipment
    Alarm upon gas detection at 20% LEL
    Upon gas detection (40% LEL), shut-off gas supply and shutdown the machinery
    Electrical equipment that needs to be operational is to be of Zone-0 certified safe
    type (Ex-ia only) IEC 92-502
    Ventilation fans redundancy (100% fan capability maintained)
    Access to the spaces through double self-closing doors, or single self-closing
    door with left-open alarm
    Two independent gas monitoring systems. Locations of gas detectors to be
    verified by smoke tests or gas dispersion analysis.

    23
    Bunker Station Requirements
    Gas detection
    No gas is to be discharged to air Stop and ventilation
    valve for enclosed or
    during bunkering operations and ESD semi enclosed
    valve station

    Key bunker station requirements


    Sufficient natural ventilation
    LNG SUPPLY
    Physical separation and structural Drip trays
    and means
    protection of drainage
    VAPOR RETURN to be
    Stainless steel drip trays provided

    Class A-60 protection


    COMM LINK/ESD
    Remote control and monitoring BONDING CONNECTION

    Manual and remote ESD valves


    Draining/purging/inerting provision
    Ventilation and gas detection of
    bunkering lines CONTROL STATION

    24
    Bunker Station Requirements

    ABS Guide Section 4 Fuel Bunkering System


    The Guidelines for systems and installations for
    supply of LNG as fuel to ships is under development
    under ISO TC67 WG10
    Target is to standardize the
    interface between the ship and the
    fuel supply facilities, to ensure that
    a LNG fueled ship can refuel in any
    port with LNG fuel supply facilities
    SIGTTO has published Ship to Ship
    Transfer Guidelines

    25
    Ship Arrangements

    Gas fuel storage tanks can be located on deck or in enclosed


    spaces
    Requirements for tank connection spaces are given which are
    typically to be applied to smaller vessels with Type C LNG fuel
    tanks where the tank connection space incorporates vaporizers,
    valves, etc., forming part of the
    fuel gas supply system
    Engine block and bleed and
    regulating valves typically
    located in separate GVU room

    Source: TGE 26
    Safe Utilization or Disposal of NBO

    Means of pressure and temperature control must be available at all


    times even when in port or maneuvering
    System is required to safely handle all natural boil-off under upper
    ambient conditions
    Means may be
    Refrigeration and re-liquefaction 9.5

    9
    Pressure accumulation
    8.5
    maintain tank pressure

    Tank Pressure, bar


    8
    below MARVS and not to
    become liquid full for a 7.5

    period of 15 days 7

    Burning gas for propulsion 6.5

    power and steam dump 6

    Gas combustion unit 5.5

    5
    0 5 10 15 20 25 30
    Days

    27
    Table 2: Certification of Gas Fuel Storage Tanks &
    Gas Fuel Storage Rooms

    28
    Table 3: Certification of Fuel Gas Supply Systems

    29
    Harvey Gulf/ Trinity Offshore/ Wartsila/ STX/ ABS

    (4) 92m L x 19.5m B x 7m D, dual fuel PSVs

    A1 Offshore Support Vessel , FFV Class 1, AMS, ACCU GFS


    (Dual Fuel Diesel), NBLES, POT DPS-2, ENVIRO+, UWILD GP

    30
    Further Considerations

    Availability of LNG fueling terminals


    Sufficient storage space
    LNG tank under accommodation
    Crew training

    31
    Benefits of Choosing ABS

    Early design stage evaluations


    Joint development projects
    Advice on Regulatory issues
    Training courses for crews

    32
    www.eagle.org

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