SPECIFICATION FOR SEAMLESS COPPER TUBE

SB-75

(Identical with ASTM Specification B 75-95a for the alloys and tempers covered except that mechanical testing and certification
have been made mandatory.)

1. Scope B 577 Test Methods for Hydrogen Embrittlement of

Copper
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements
B 601 Practice for Temper Designations for Copper and
for seamless, round, rectangular, and square copper
Copper Alloys Wrought and Cast
tube suitable for general engineering applications.
E 3 Test Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Spec-
1.1.1 Tubes made from any of the following Copper imens
UNS No. designations may be supplied unless otherwise E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
specified in the contract or purchase order: rials
Copper Previously
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
UNS Used Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
No. DesignationA Type of Copper E 53 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
C10200 OF Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants
C12000 DLP Phosphorus deoxidized, low residual Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods)
phosphorus E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
C12200 DHP Phosphorus deoxidized, high residual E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Ex-
phosphorus amination of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
A
Designations of Specification B 7565. E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys
for Determination of Chemical Composition
1.2 The following hazard statement pertains only to E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
the test method described in Sections 20.5.2.1, 21.2.9, 2.2 ASME Standard:
and 21.2.10 of this specification: This standard does SB-251 Specification for General Requirements for
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Tube
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability
3. Ordering Information
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Orders for product should include the following
information:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 Copper UNS No. (for example, C10100);
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 Temper (Section 8);
B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper
and Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing 3.1.3 Dimensions: diameter or distance between
B 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper- parallel surfaces and wall thickness (Section 17);
Refinery Shapes
3.1.4 Length;
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
Materials 3.1.5 How furnished: coils or straight lengths;

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3.1.6 Number of pieces or footage: each size TABLE 1

and type; CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Composition, %,
3.1.7 Total weight;
Copper UNS No.
3.1.8 When product is purchased for ASME Boiler Element C10200A C12000 C12200
and Pressure Vessel Code application; and
Copper,B min. 99.95 99.90 99.9
3.1.9 When product is purchased for agencies of CopperB +
the U.S. government. phosphorus, min. ... ... ...
Phosphorus ... 0.0040.012 0.0150.040
3.2 The following options are available and should Arsenic ... ... ...
be specified at the time of placing the order, when A
Refer to Table 1, Chemical Composition, Grade 2, of Specification
required: B 170 for impurity limits for Copper UNS No. C10200.
B
Copper (including silver).
3.2.1 Electrical mass resistivity test;
3.2.2 Hydrogen embrittlement test;
3.2.3 Hydrostatic test;
3.2.4 Pneumatic test; 5.1.1 capable of the test need not be performed
by the producer of the material. However, should
3.2.5 Certification; and subsequent testing by the purchaser establish that the
material does not meet these requirements, the material
3.2.6 Test report.
shall be subject to rejection.
5.1.2 unaided eye without visual enhancement;
4. General Requirements however, corrective spectacles necessary to obtain nor-
mal vision shall be permitted.
4.1 The following sections of Specification SB-251
are a part of this specification.
4.1.1 Terminology; 6. Material and Manufacture
4.1.2 Materials and Manufacture; 6.1 Material:
4.1.3 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance; 6.1.1 The material of manufacture shall be billets,
bars, or tube of Copper UNS No. C10200, C12000,
4.1.4 Significance of Numerical Limits; or C12200, and shall be of such soundness as to
4.1.5 Inspection; be suitable for processing into the tubular products
described.
4.1.6 Rejection and Rehearing;
6.2 Manufacture:
4.1.7 Certification;
6.2.1 The tube shall be manufactured by such hot
4.1.8 Mill Test Report; and and cold working processes as to produce a homoge-
4.1.9 Packaging and Package Marking. neous, uniform wrought structure in the finished product.
It shall be cold drawn to the finished size and wall
4.2 In addition, when a section with an identical thickness. When cold drawn temper is required, the
title to those referenced in 4.1 above appears in this final drawing operation shall be such as to meet the
specification, such section may contain requirements specified temper. When annealed temper is required,
which supersede those appearing in Specification SB- the tube shall be annealed subsequent to the final
251. In case of conflict, this specification shall prevail. cold draw.

5. Terminology, Specific 7. Chemical Composition

5.1 Description of Terms Specific to This Specifi- 7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements in
cation: Table 1 for the specified Copper UNS No. designation.

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TABLE 2
MECHANICAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS OF DRAWN-TEMPER AND ANNEALED-TEMPER TUBE
Outside Dia.,
or Major Rockwell Yield
Temper Designation Distance Between Hardness Average Tensile StrengthA
Outside Parallel Grain Strength, min.,
Standard Former Surfaces, in. Wall Thickness, in. Scale Hardness Size, mm ksiB ksiB
C D
H55 Light-drawn All All 30T 30 to 60 3647 30

H58 Drawn All All 30TD 30 min. 36 min. 30

(general purpose)

H80 Hard-drawnC Up to 4 0.020 to 0.250, incl 30TD 55 min. 45 min. 40

O60 Soft anneal All 0.015 to 0.035 15TE 60 max. 0.040 min. 30 min. 9F

0.035 and over FE 50 max. 0.040 min. 30 min. 9F

O50 Light anneal All 0.015 to 0.035 15TE 65 max. 0.040 max. 30 min. 9F

0.035 and over FE 55 max. 0.040 max. 30 min. 9F

A
Yield strength to be determined at 0.5% extension under load.
B
ksi p 1000 psi.
C
Light-drawn and hard-drawn tempers are normally available in round tubes only.
D
Rockwell hardness values shall apply only to tubes having a wall thickness of 0.020 in. or over, to round tubes having an inside diameter of
5
16 in. or over, and to rectangular including square tubes having an inside major distance between parallel surfaces of 316 in. or over. Rockwell
hardness tests shall be made on the inside surface of the tube. When suitable equipment is not available for determining the specified Rockwell
hardness, other Rockwell scales and values may be specified to agreement between purchaser and supplier.
E
Rockwell hardness values shall apply only to tubes having a wall thickness of 0.015 in. or over, to round tubes having an inside diameter of
5
16 in. or over, and to rectangular including square tubes having an inside major distance between parallel sufaces of 316 in. or over. For all
other tube no Rockwell values shall apply. Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on the inside surface of the tube. When suitable equipment
is not available for determining the specified Rockwell hardness, other Rockwell scales and values may be specified subject to agreement between
purchaser and supplier.
F
Light straightening operation is permitted.

7.1.1 These specification limits do not preclude 8.2 The requirements and size availability of tube
the presence of other elements. Limits may be estab- in the annealed tempers O50 and O60, as defined in
lished and analysis required for unnamed elements by Practice B 601, are specified in Table 2.
agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and
NOTE 1 The purchaser should confer with the manufacturer or
the purchaser. supplier for the availability of product in a specific temper.

NOTE 2 Refer to Appendix X1 for recommended applications

based on temper.
8. Temper
8.1 The requirements and size availability of tube
in the cold drawn tempers H55, H58, and H80, as 9. Grain Size Requirements
defined in Practice B 601, are specified in Table 2. 9.1 Tube in the annealed temper shall conform to
the grain size specified in Table 2.
8.1.1 Rectangular, including square, tube shall
normally be supplied only in H58 temper; however,
tube in H55 or H80 temper may be supplied as agreed
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 10. Physical Property Requirements
10.1 Electrical Resistivity:
8.1.1.1 For any combination of diameter and wall
thickness not listed under H80 temper, the requirements 10.1.1 When specified in the contract or purchase
specified for H58 temper shall apply. order, tube ordered for electrical conductor application

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produced from Copper UNS No. C10200 or C12000 12. Performance Requirements
shall have an electrical mass resistivity, ohm g/m2,
12.1 Expansion Test for Round Tube:
not to exceed the following limit for the specified
copper and temper when tested in accordance with Test 12.1.1 When specified in the contract or purchase
Method B 193: order, annealed tubes shall be capable of withstanding
an expansion of the outside diameter of 40% for tube
Copper UNS No. 3
4 in. and under and 30% for tube over 34 in. The
Temper C10200 C12000
tube shall show no cracking or rupture visible to the
O60, O50 0.15328 0.17031 unaided eye.
H55, H58, H80 0.15737 0.17418

NOTE 3 Refer to Appendix X2 for the International Annealed 13. Microscopical Examination
Copper Standard (IACS) electrical conductivity equivalents.
13.1 Tubes furnished in Copper UNS Nos. C10200
and C12000 shall be essentially free of cuprous oxide
as determined by Procedure A of Test Methods B 577.
11. Mechanical Property Requirements
11.1 Tensile and Yield Strength:
14. Hydrogen Embrittlement
11.1.1 The tube shall conform to the requirements 14.1 When specified in the contract or purchase
of Table 2 for the specified temper and wall thickness. order, tubes produced in all designated copper material
11.1.2 For any combination of diameter and wall shall be capable of conforming to the requirements of
thickness not listed under H80, the requirements for Procedure B of Test Methods B 577.
H58 shall apply.

11.2 Rockwell Hardness: 15. Purchases for U.S. Government Agencies

11.2.1 The tube shall conform to the requirements 15.1 When the contract or purchase order stipulates
of Table 2 for the specified temper and wall thickness. the purchase is for an agency of the U.S. government,
the tubes furnished shall conform to the conditions
11.2.1.1 The Rockwell Hardness values for tube specified in SB-251.
in the H55, H58, and H80 tempers shall apply only
to the following:
(a) Tubes having a wall thickness of 0.020 in. 16. Nondestructive Test
and over;
(b) Round tubes having an inside diameter of 516 16.1 The tubes may be tested in the drawn tempers
in. and over; or as drawn prior to the final-annealed temper unless
(c) Rectangular and square tubes having major dis- otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
tances between parallel surfaces of 316 in. and over. the purchaser.
16.2 Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Test:
11.2.1.2 The Rockwell Hardness values for tube
in the O60 and O50 tempers shall apply only to the 16.2.1 Each tube up to and including 318 in.
following: outside diameter shall be subjected to test.
(a) Tubes having a wall thickness of 0.015 in.
16.2.2 When tested in accordance with Practice E
and over;
243, tubes which do not actuate the signaling device
(b) Round tubes having an inside diameter of 516 of the testing unit shall be considered as conforming
in. and over; and to the requirements of the test.
(c) Rectangular and square tubes having inside major
distances between parallel surfaces of 316 in. and over. 16.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Test:

11.3 Straightening: 16.3.1 When specified in the contract or purchase

order, each tube shall be capable of withstanding an
11.3.1 Light straightening is permitted for tube in internal hydrostatic pressure sufficient to produce a
the O60 and O50 tempers. fiber stress of 6000 psi without leakage. The tube need

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not be subjected to a pressure gage reading over 1000 17.1.3 Length Tolerances Refer to Tables 5
psi unless specifically stipulated in the contract or and 6.
purchase order.
17.1.4 Straightness Tolerance Refer to Table 7.
16.4 Pneumatic Pressure Test: 17.1.5 Corner Radius for Rectangular Including
Square Tube Refer to Table 8.
16.4.1 When specified in the contract or purchase
order, each tube shall be capable of withstanding an 17.1.6 Roundness, Squareness of Cut, and Twist
internal air pressure of 60 psi, minimum, for 5 s without Tolerances for Rectangular and Square Tubes Refer
leakage. to titled sections.
17.2 Length Tolerances for Tube in Coils Refer
to Tables 3, 4, and 5 of SB-75.

17. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible

Variations 18. Sampling
17.1 The dimensions and tolerances for product fur- 18.1 The lot size, portion size, and selection of
nished to this specification shall be as specified in the sample portions shall be as follows:
following tables and related sections of the current
edition of Specification B 251: 18.1.1 Lot Size An inspection lot shall be
10,000 lb or fraction thereof.
17.1.1 Wall Thickness Tolerances Refer to 18.1.2 Portion Size Sample pieces shall be
Tables 1 and 2. selected to be represented of the lot as follows:
17.1.2 Tolerances for Diameter or Distance Be- Number of Portions to
tween Parallel Surfaces Refer to Tables 3 and 4. Number of Pieces in Lot be TakenA

1 to 50 1
51 to 200 2
201 to 1500 3

A
TABLE 3 Each test portion shall be taken from a separate tube.
COIL LENGTH TOLERANCES
18.2 Chemical Composition:
(Specific Lengths)
Tolerances: in.,
18.2.1 The composite sample shall be taken in
All Plus, for Nominal Lengths in approximate equal weights from each portion piece
Feet selected in 18.1.2 and in accordance with Practice E
Outside Dia. or Major 255. The minimum weight of the composite shall be
Distance Between Over 50 to
Parallel Surfaces, in. Up to 50, incl 100, incl
150 grams.

Up to 2, incl 12 24
18.2.2 The manufacturer shall have the option of
sampling at the time castings are poured or taken from

TABLE 4
COIL LENGTH TOLERANCES (MILL LENGTHS)
(Applicable only to full length pieces)
Tube Outside Diameter or Tolerances, %, for Nominal Lengths in Feet
Major Distance Between
Parallel Surfaces, in. Up to 100, incl Over 100 to 2000, incl

Up to 1, incl 5A or 2 ft, whichever is greater 10A

Over 1 to 2, incl 5A or 2 ft, whichever is greater No tolerances established
A
Expressed to the nearest 1 ft.

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TABLE 5
COIL SCHEDULE OF MILL LENGTHS WITH ENDS
Shortest Max.
Permissible Permissible
Length, Weights of
Tube Outside Diameter or Ma- % of Ends, %
jor Distance Between Parallel Nominal of Lot
Surfaces, in. Nominal Length, ft Length Weight

Up to 1, incl Up to 100, incl 70A 10

Over 1 to 2, incl Up to 100, incl 60A 20
Up to 1, incl Over 100 to 2000, incl 50 50B
A
Expressed to the nearest 1 ft.
B
Short pieces may be included as follows: up to 10% of lot weight between 50 ft and one quarter of full
length; and up to 40% between one quarter and full length.

the semi-finished product. The number of samples taken 19.1.3 Other Tests At least two specimens shall
during the course of manufacture shall be as follows: be prepared for each of the other tests and each must
conform to test requirements.
18.2.2.1 When sampled at the time castings are
poured, at least two samples shall be taken, one after 19.2 Retests:
the start and one near the end of the pour, for each
group of castings poured simultaneously from the same 19.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer or
source of molten metal. supplier, a retest shall be permitted when test results
obtained by the purchaser fail to conform with the
18.2.2.2 When samples are taken from the semi- product specification requirement(s).
finished product, a sample shall be taken to represent
each 10,000 lb or fraction thereof, except that not more 19.2.2 Retesting shall be as directed in this specifi-
than one sample per piece shall be required. cation for the initial test except for the number of test
specimens which shall be twice that normally required
18.2.2.3 When composition is determined during for the test.
the course of manufacture, sampling and analyses of
the finished product is not required. 19.2.3 Test results for all specimens shall conform
to this specifications requirement(s) in retest and failure
18.3 Other Tests:
to conform shall be cause for lot rejection.
18.3.1 Specimens for all other tests shall be taken
from two of the sample portions taken in 18.1.2. In
the event only one sample portion is taken, all specimens
shall be taken from the portion selected. 20. Specimen Preparation
20.1 Chemical Analysis:
19. Number of Tests and Retests 20.1.1 Preparation of the analytical specimens shall
be the responsibility of the reporting laboratory.
19.1 Tests:
19.1.1 Chemical Composition Shall be deter- 20.2 Tensile and Yield Strength Test:
mined as the arithmetic mean of results from at least
20.2.1 The test specimens shall be of the full section
two replicate determinations for each specified element.
of the tube and shall conform with the requirements of
19.1.2 Grain Size, Electrical Resistivity, Tensile the test specimen section of Test Methods E 8, unless
and Yield Strength, and Rockwell Hardness Shall the limitation of the testing machine precludes the
be reported as the average of results from two test use of such specimen, in which case test specimen
specimens and each specimen must conform to specifi- conforming to Type No. 1 of Fig. 13 in Test Methods
cation requirements. E 8 shall be used.

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20.3 Rockwell Hardness: 20.8 Hydrogen Embrittlement:

20.3.1 The test specimen shall be of a size and 20.8.1 The test specimen shall conform to the
shape to permit testing by the available test equipment. appropriate requirements of Procedure B of Test Meth-
ods B 577.
20.3.2 The surface of the test specimen shall be
sufficiently flat and smooth so as to permit the accurate
determination of hardness. 21. Test Methods

20.3.3 The test specimen shall be free from scale 21.1 Chemical Composition The copper composi-
and foreign matter and care shall be taken to avoid tion shall be determined, in case of disagreement, as
any change in condition, for example, heating or cold follows:
working. Element Method

20.4 Grain Size: Copper E 53

Phosphorus E 62
20.4.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accord- Arsenic E 62
ance with the appropriate procedure in Methods E 3. 21.1.1 The test methods for the determination of
composition for Copper C10200 shall be as described
20.5 Electrical Resistivity:
in Annex A1 of Specification B 170.
20.5.1 The test specimen shall be full size and 21.1.2 Test method(s) for the determination of
shall be the full cross-section of the material it represents element(s) required by contractual or purchase order
when possible. agreement shall be as agreed upon by the manufacturer
20.5.2 When the test specimen is taken from and the purchaser.
material in bulk, care shall be taken that the properties 21.2 The tubes furnished shall conform with the
are not appreciably altered in the preparation. physical and mechanical properties and other require-
ments of this specification when tested or examined in
NOTE 4 Plastic deformation may work-harden a material and
tend to raise its resistivity, while heating tends to anneal the material accordance with the following appropriate test method
with a subsequent reduction in resistivity. or practice:
Test Test Method
20.5.2.1 When necessary, products are to be
Tensile srength E8
rolled or cold drawn to a wire appoximately 0.080 in. Yield strength E8
in diameter (12 gage AWG) and of a convenient Rockwell hardness E 18
length. At least two specimens of a length sufficient Grain size E 112
to accommodate the testing equipment shall be cut Electrical resistivity B 193
Expansion (pin test) B 153
from one end of the wire and annealed at approximately
Electromagnetic E 243
935 10F for 30 min in an inert atmosphere and examination (eddy
rapidly cooled to ambient temperature without undue current)
exposure to air. Microscopical B 577
examination
20.6 Expansion (Pin) Test: (Procedure A)
Hydrogen embrittle- B 577
20.6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the require- ment (Procedure B)
ments of the Specimen Preparation section of Test Hydrostatic pressure Section 21.2.9
Pneumatic pressure Section 21.2.10
Method B 153.
21.2.1 Tensile strength shall be determined in
20.7 Microscopical Examination: accordance with Test Methods E 8.
20.7.1 The test specimen shall be prepared in 21.2.1.1 Whenever test results are obtained from
accordance with Procedure A of Test Methods B 577 both full size and machined specimens and they differ,
and the specimen surface shall approximate a radial the test results from the full size specimens shall prevail.
longitudinal section of round tube or a longitudinal
section of rectangular and square tube perpendicular 21.2.2 Yield strength shall be determined at 0.5%
to, and bisecting, the major dimensional surface. extension-under-load.

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21.2.3 Rockwell hardness shall be determined on 21.2.8.2 Alternatively, at the option of the manu-
the inside surface of the tube and a minimum of three facturer, using speed insensitive eddy-current units that
readings shall be taken on each specimen, each at a are equipped so that a fraction of the maximum imbal-
different location. ance signal can be selected, the following percent
maximum imbalance signals may be used:
21.2.3.1 When suitable equipment is not avail-
able for determining the specified Rockwell hardness, Maximum Percent
Imbalance
other Rockwell scales and values may be specified by Standard Tube Size, in. Signal Magnitude
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Up to 38, incl 0.2
1
2 to 2, incl 0.3
21.2.4 Grain size shall be determined, in case of Over 2 to 3, incl 0.4
dispute, by the intercept method.
21.2.8.3 Tubes that do not activate the signalling
21.2.5 Electrical revistivity the limit of measure-
device of the eddy-current tester shall be considered
ment uncertainty shall be 0.30% as a process control
as conforming to the requirements of this test. Tubes
method and 0.15% as an umpire method.
with discontinuities indicated by the testing unit may,
21.2.6 Microscopical examination cuprous oxide at the option of the manufacturer, be reexamined or
content shall be determined in accordance with Proce- retested to determine whether the discontinuity is cause
dure A, or in case of dispute, Procedure C, Closed for rejection. Signals that are found to have been caused
Bend test, of Test Methods B 577 shall be followed. by minor mechanical damage, soil, or moisture, shall
not be cause for rejection of the tubes provided the
21.2.7 Hydrogen Embrittlement Procedure B tube dimensions are still within prescribed limits and
shall be followed, or, in case of dispute, Procedure C, the tube is suitable for its intended application.
Closed Bend Test, of Test Methods B 577 shall be
followed. 21.2.9 Hydrostatic test The internal hydrostatic
pressure necessary to produce the required fiber stress
21.2.8 Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Test shall be determined by the following equation for thin
Each tube up to and including 318 in. outside diameter hollow cylinders under tension.
shall be subjected to an eddy-current test. Testing shall
follow the procedures in Practice E 243. Tubes shall P p 2 St /(D 0.8t) (1)
be passed through an eddy-current test unit adjusted
to provide information on the suitability of the tube
where
for the intended application.
Pp hydrostatic pressure, psi (or MPa)
21.2.8.1 Either notch depth or drilled hole stan- tp thickness of tube wall, in. (or mm)
dards shall be used. Dp outside diameter of the tube, in. (or mm)
(a) Notch depth standards, rounded to the nearest Sp allowable fiber stress of the material, psi (MPa)
0.001 in. shall be 22% of the wall thickness. The notch 21.2.9.1 The tube need not be tested at a pressure
depth tolerance shall be 0.0005 in. gage reading over 1000 psi unless so specified.
(b) Drilled holes shall be drilled radially through the
wall using a suitable drill jig that has a bushing to 21.2.10 Pneumatic test The test method shall
guide the drill, care being taken to avoid distortion of permit easy visual detection of leakage, such as having
the tube while drilling. The diameter of the drilled the material under water or by the pressure differential
hole shall be in accordance with the following and method.
shall not vary by more than +0.001, 0.000 in. of the
hole diameter specified. 22. Certification

Tube Outside Dia. of Drilled Drill

22.1 Certification is mandatory when product is or-
Dia., in. Holes, in. Number dered for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
1 3
applications.
4 to 4, incl 0.025 72
3
Over 4 to 1, incl 0.031 68
Over 1 to 114, incl 0.036 64
Over 114 to 112, incl 0.042 58 23. Keywords
Over 112 to 134, incl 0.046 56
Over 134 to 2, incl 0.052 55 23.1 seamless copper tube; seamless tube; tube

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APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. RECOMMENDED APPLICATIONS

X1.1 Tube in the H55 temper is recommended when
a tube of some stiffness is required yet capable of
being bent when necessary.
X1.2 Tube in the H58 temper is recommended for
general applications where there is no specific need
for high strength or bending qualities.
X1.3 Tube in the H80 temper is recommended for
applications where there is a need for a tube as strong
as technically feasible for the size indicated.

X2. INTERNATIONAL ANNEALED COPPER

STANDARD (ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY EQUIVALENTS)
Electrical Electrical
Resistivity Conductivity Resistivity Conductivity
ohm g/m2 Percent, % ohm g/m2 Percent, %
0.15176 101.00 0.15940 96.16
0.15328 100.00 0.17031 90
0.15614 98.16 0.17418 88
0.15737 97.40

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