Department of Statistics

COURSE STATS 330

Assignment 1, 2005

Instructions: Hand in your completed assignment to the Student Resource Centre by 4pm
on Thursday 4th August.

Question 1.
The data set in the file gradrate.csv contains historical data on student graduation
rates for 264 colleges in the United States. This file (in the form of a csv file) can be
downloaded from the course web page. The data are also reproduced at the end of this
assignment.

In the early 80s, there was concern over the graduation rates of student athletes. With
some justification, it was thought that college admission boards were placing insufficient
weight on the academic caliber of potential recruits, and admitting them purely on
atheletic ability. Accordingly, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
introduced rules (Proposition 48) that set minimum admission standards for student
athletes. These rules came into force in 1986.

The data in the file gives graduation rates (as percentages) for all students (as) and
student athletes (sa) for students entering college in the indicated year, with the exception
of sa83 and as83, which refer to all students entering college between 1983 and 1985
inclusive. Thus the variables sa83 and as83 refer to students admitted BEFORE the new
rules came into effect, and the other variables refer to students admitted AFTER the rules
came into effect.

Load the data into R. Then answer the following by drawing suitable graphs. Do not fit
any models for this question.

1. Is there any evidence that the rules have had the effect of raising the graduation rates of
student athletes? Draw a graph to support your conclusion.

2. Is there any change in the relative graduation rates of student athletes (i.e. relative to all
students)? Again, draw a graph to support your conclusion.

3. What is the relationship between student athlete graduation rates and all student
graduation rates? Does this relationship change from year to year?

1
Question 2.

The data in the data set clocks.txt relate to auction sales of antique clocks. The
variables in the data set are the sale price in $$ (variable price), age in years of the clock
(variable age) and number of bidders (variable bidders). Download the file (which is
a text file); read the data into R and then answer the following questions by fitting a
suitable regression model, and drawing any suitable graphs.

1. Is there any evidence that the number of bidders has an effect on the price? If so,
how?

2. Is there any evidence that the age of the clock has an effect on the price? If so,
how?

3. Do you think these data are suitable for a regression analysis (i.e. randomly
scattered about a plane)?

Data sets follow overleaf

2
 Data for Question 1 (also in file gradrate.csv)

as83 sa83 as86 sa86 as87 sa87 as88 sa88 as89 sa89 as90 sa90 as91 sa91
Akron 42 63 41 58 40 49 39 47 36 41 34 53 37 43
Alabama-Birmingham 36 28 31 33 32 47 31 45 33 32 31 37 31 34
Alabama 52 36 55 57 57 52 57 55 57 39 57 59 57 56
Alabama State 18 29 16 22 14 21 20 39 20 23 21 50 18 26
American University 66 64 67 60 68 76 69 73 67 58 67 74 70 59
Appalachian State 54 55 59 58 64 60 66 59 61 71 64 60 62 44
Arizona 46 46 49 54 49 49 51 51 50 50 51 64 52 54
Arizona State 45 40 45 52 46 57 45 50 45 50 46 53 48 45
Arkansas 35 41 39 46 41 44 41 39 41 35 41 34 42 29
Arkansas State 30 27 29 37 26 26 31 32 30 38 31 49 27 33
Auburn 64 53 65 58 69 65 66 51 68 55 66 55 65 53
Austin Peay 29 31 32 29 29 34 25 35 33 39 35 50 29 40
Ball State 48 61 48 68 51 73 54 73 57 66 55 73 54 55
Baylor 69 63 71 66 71 53 71 55 70 61 69 60 70 66
Bethune-Cookman 37 32 36 57 38 50 23 67 36 71 30 44 38 23
Boise State 19 36 18 27 21 43 23 44 25 31 25 26 20 41
Boston College 85 86 88 94 87 92 91 87 87 84 86 90 85 71
Boston University 63 75 67 77 72 76 71 76 71 70 69 77 69 70
Bowling Green 54 54 63 61 60 56 65 59 64 67 62 71 60 69
Bradley 64 67 64 52 69 66 66 65 68 75 68 56 64 68
Brigham Young 39 41 48 42 51 55 52 50 56 56 58 59 67 40
Bucknell 90 93 94 97 89 85 95 92 92 91 92 96 89 87
Butler 58 72 66 80 66 77 65 61 66 73 62 80 60 63
California 73 67 77 61 76 71 79 76 79 57 80 64 81 57
Cal-Irvine 58 58 65 57 71 58 73 59 68 54 72 41 75 64
Cal-Santa Barbara 64 66 66 67 68 61 69 70 70 65 70 73 72 69
Cal State-Fullerton 41 29 45 38 45 38 45 31 44 35 42 24 40 18
Cal State-Sacramento 38 34 34 32 40 37 40 29 40 54 36 56 43 46
Canisius 55 58 59 76 58 56 66 84 55 82 55 64 54 63
Centenary 46 61 57 58 54 52 56 50 54 67 54 54 52 57
Central Florida 43 40 49 56 47 54 51 42 51 59 51 52 50 47
Central Michigan 53 63 56 60 61 57 57 65 53 58 51 63 54 63
Chicago State 11 20 8 25 20 38 22 18 23 39 16 27 12 31
Cincinnati 46 51 47 42 47 59 47 53 46 56 46 48 48 56
The Citadel 71 67 66 63 70 88 70 75 73 89 77 86 73 50
Clemson 70 50 70 47 71 64 72 53 72 53 70 41 70 50
Cleveland State 34 33 34 48 37 34 32 48 29 44 28 54 25 31
Coastal Carolina 31 47 34 62 30 62 32 46 35 56 31 43 34 32
Colgate 89 84 91 84 90 92 89 93 89 84 88 82 85 76
Colorado 60 56 66 58 64 43 66 51 66 54 66 51 65 49
Colorado State 55 60 57 55 58 58 55 58 56 45 56 33 58 61
Connecticut 68 55 68 70 72 71 68 55 70 58 68 70 68 62
Creighton 66 53 65 31 67 59 67 51 66 74 67 59 72 68
Davidson 88 81 91 66 87 57 88 50 92 100 89 79 89 73
Dayton 70 78 72 90 75 73 73 73 75 82 75 78 71 89
Delaware 69 61 71 57 73 75 73 64 72 67 71 63 70 82
Delaware State 30 41 26 38 26 31 22 26 29 44 30 52 30 50

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DePaul 61 69 61 81 58 85 56 71 56 71 58 88 58 74
Detroit Mercy 47 49 54 68 48 37 53 42 49 67 37 68 40 51
Drake 55 56 60 56 62 45 62 67 71 57 61 60 68 61
Drexel 65 75 54 64 59 73 55 70 53 70 47 75 40 56
Duke 92 91 94 89 95 94 94 90 94 91 93 91 92 97
Duquesne 69 78 71 72 69 69 65 78 68 74 69 71 64 74
East Carolina 46 56 50 52 49 52 49 56 49 52 49 64 48 58
East Tennessee State 34 49 34 58 34 58 34 53 36 56 37 48 34 48
Eastern Illinois 54 59 61 53 62 63 63 58 65 57 69 63 70 61
Eastern Kentucky 33 43 30 61 31 61 30 54 28 59 25 47 27 48
Eastern Washington 35 39 38 42 39 31 40 35 41 28 44 46 45 32
Evansville 52 61 59 55 61 72 57 64 59 61 59 67 60 68
Fairfield 82 76 86 69 86 88 84 100 87 93 83 88 83 88
Fairleigh Dickinson 39 37 39 53 36 40 34 58 31 41 22 47 31 32
Florida 56 45 61 52 63 54 61 55 63 59 63 57 64 39
Florida A&M 35 28 33 41 36 31 42 37 43 29 42 48 45 35
Florida International 56 47 55 50 54 34 61 55 58 28 55 45 51 33
Florida State 53 43 50 50 61 51 63 73 65 55 64 68 65 61
Fordham 77 87 77 84 78 81 78 89 77 75 74 69 77 75
Furman 73 74 81 82 80 80 81 77 77 78 76 73 75 78
George Mason 41 54 46 63 51 60 50 55 53 67 48 62 49 59
George Washington 67 79 70 76 72 63 68 71 69 72 65 79 68 79
Georgetown 89 86 92 95 92 95 92 89 90 77 90 88 89 92
Georgia 59 43 61 58 59 47 61 61 62 55 60 51 62 55
Georgia Tech 66 60 68 57 69 60 68 53 69 59 67 68 68 57
Georgia Southern 38 48 36 45 36 50 40 52 41 75 40 47 36 51
Georgia State 32 31 40 52 36 33 41 49 39 44 41 54 25 43
Gonzaga 55 58 61 62 61 75 57 60 62 63 64 50 63 75
Grambling State 49 47 45 35 47 36 50 45 37 43 33 47 33 72
Hartford 56 80 51 65 54 65 50 62 53 70 50 68 53 76
Hawaii 81 75 78 78 80 79 78 77 73 73 72 71 55 62
Hofstra 57 59 58 55 57 45 57 71 57 58 61 53 62 69
Howard 41 41 45 49 50 41 44 49 47 41 47 51 54 83
Idaho 44 41 43 47 43 54 42 51 48 59 47 41 49 45
Idaho State 46 41 59 36 32 46 36 33 39 50 36 43 24 44
Illinois 78 66 78 74 80 64 80 73 79 74 78 76 77 64
Illinois-Chicago 33 48 32 55 36 58 35 51 38 58 34 74 32 58
Illinois State 49 49 53 62 55 60 59 56 53 57 54 67 53 64
Indiana State 37 44 36 49 35 60 35 59 35 61 36 49 35 59
Indiana 56 61 65 62 67 62 70 65 68 65 70 65 67 73
Iona 61 66 56 38 62 69 54 39 60 67 59 59 51 47
Iowa 60 63 59 63 62 67 61 72 61 66 63 68 62 72
Iowa State 60 51 64 67 63 58 64 63 62 59 60 62 60 59
Jackson State 19 37 34 43 28 43 33 41 34 39 33 47 29 24
Jacksonville University 39 41 50 56 42 42 52 25 36 37 41 44 41 46
James Madison 79 68 82 69 81 72 82 74 83 76 82 84 81 74
Kansas 54 48 55 56 56 49 58 64 57 52 56 56 54 56
Kansas State 48 46 48 66 54 57 48 48 45 52 48 48 45 43
Kent State 42 52 43 48 48 53 47 55 45 59 43 61 45 54
Kentucky 45 56 50 59 50 52 50 50 49 43 50 48 48 60

4
Lafayette 87 84 89 82 89 79 86 80 84 83 87 86 87 86
Lamar 18 15 25 36 22 24 21 28 20 18 22 38 20 30
Lehigh 87 83 87 89 85 90 85 91 87 87 85 90 81 94
Liberty 26 48 35 49 37 54 36 48 37 47 37 49 39 52
Long Island University 32 43 28 44 27 41 24 70 28 45 27 73 20 64
Louisiana State 34 30 37 36 38 49 44 44 47 43 47 32 47 43
Louisiana Tech 39 41 36 59 41 55 40 46 38 38 39 35 38 51
Louisville 28 42 31 54 32 43 29 43 30 63 26 54 28 49
Loyola (MD) 69 82 74 71 79 78 76 77 76 71 78 78 77 88
Loyola Marymount 67 42 68 68 71 64 72 56 79 44 74 75 71 72
Loyola (IL) 59 87 63 77 65 73 63 61 62 88 66 83 63 81
Maine 49 53 56 59 57 56 53 63 52 53 54 43 53 60
Manhattan 70 83 70 100 72 93 71 87 66 86 71 93 73 96
Marist 60 50 63 67 62 100 61 50 66 60 61 54 64 63
Marquette 74 83 74 70 74 70 77 80 74 70 75 75 74 74
Marshall 39 39 39 51 39 43 38 46 35 47 41 41 32 39
Maryland-Baltimore Co. 36 61 35 66 42 71 42 62 46 58 45 59 46 54
Maryland 56 58 64 54 61 57 64 65 66 68 61 69 63 51
Maryland-Eastern Shore 19 23 21 25 22 33 30 43 27 48 30 50 32 5
Massachusetts 63 66 68 73 66 85 67 50 65 75 60 68 61 59
McNeese State 27 29 28 33 28 36 28 35 27 34 28 34 24 41
Memphis 34 37 33 64 26 59 35 58 34 51 34 59 32 30
Mercer 40 54 40 59 42 46 39 48 40 43 43 37 51 64
Miami (FL) 56 48 55 52 60 54 58 54 63 62 58 58 58 46
Miami (OH) 75 65 83 75 83 68 82 76 81 78 82 67 80 66
Michigan 82 65 85 79 85 76 85 71 85 80 84 71 82 68
Michigan State 66 64 69 62 72 52 70 74 69 51 66 74 66 67
Middle Tennessee State 33 31 36 44 36 48 36 40 38 46 38 31 33 47
Minnesota 34 47 42 53 49 52 51 46 48 62 52 56 52 48
Mississippi 48 48 49 57 51 59 49 58 48 55 47 60 49 50
Mississippi State 51 52 52 53 50 51 48 49 51 53 45 51 49 55
Mississippi Valley State 31 42 43 44 64 64 36 41 42 38 53 52 25 16
Missouri 55 53 55 54 58 51 60 55 60 53 57 58 58 63
Monmouth (NJ) 48 48 52 48 47 68 50 75 45 45 45 47 47 37
Montana 28 35 28 38 32 51 37 41 35 39 38 52 40 54
Morehead State 38 44 44 69 41 59 38 45 37 50 40 54 40 44
Morgan State 38 46 16 40 32 40 34 30 34 41 31 37 36 40
Mount St. Marys 71 70 73 70 73 85 72 74 67 71 65 83 63 76
Murray State 39 47 43 40 46 68 41 48 49 55 46 43 39 33
Nebraska 48 48 50 64 53 58 48 59 48 60 49 61 46 57
Nevada-Las Vegas 27 34 27 40 34 38 33 23 35 43 35 37 37 36
New Hampshire 67 72 74 75 73 64 73 77 74 78 73 75 74 80
New Mexico 28 36 33 47 33 50 38 53 37 48 33 37 37 51
New Mexico State 37 41 38 51 40 43 38 50 41 40 40 45 39 58
New Orleans 18 25 19 21 20 34 20 56 24 44 26 37 24 27
Niagara 55 78 56 82 53 69 54 79 52 64 48 61 53 69
Nicholls State 18 28 22 35 20 44 22 31 20 31 19 38 23 33
North Carolina-Asheville 34 43 35 47 42 65 43 70 42 42 41 32 45 100
North Carolina 78 74 82 67 83 75 85 76 84 74 82 63 84 66
North Carolina-Charlotte 49 50 49 64 53 54 61 57 58 61 53 51 51 41

5
North Carolina-Wilmington 42 67 46 67 49 76 55 67 52 76 57 69 54 83
North Carolina A&T 38 40 37 44 44 50 40 29 44 48 44 31 45 50
North Carolina State 60 51 60 57 64 48 68 59 67 68 67 73 64 61
North Texas 32 29 34 42 36 15 36 48 38 33 35 41 35 45
Northeast Louisiana 27 36 32 43 27 36 31 46 34 39 30 32 28 36
Northeastern 47 67 46 60 43 67 42 64 39 64 40 67 42 56
Northern Illinois 52 52 52 57 54 63 57 65 55 52 51 50 50 60
Northern Iowa 56 61 62 58 62 64 60 71 62 74 59 70 60 69
Northwestern State 14 30 22 32 30 26 33 46 27 39 28 34 27 45
Northwestern 87 82 89 77 89 84 88 82 89 82 91 93 90 85
Notre Dame 92 83 94 84 95 82 93 85 94 86 93 93 93 88
Ohio State 52 60 54 69 59 59 61 61 60 67 55 49 57 54
Ohio University 53 69 61 70 65 59 66 76 70 76 58 66 66 69
Oklahoma 43 39 42 46 43 53 41 40 45 35 44 46 42 54
Oklahoma State 43 27 44 30 47 48 48 38 50 47 48 41 49 36
Old Dominion 47 44 45 38 47 38 47 57 45 50 40 44 41 68
Oregon 47 47 54 66 56 60 61 63 61 68 56 56 59 63
Oregon State 50 54 52 47 54 56 63 88 63 95 63 61 61 53
Pacific 62 65 62 63 63 64 56 81 58 46 59 70 62 53
Penn State 74 67 77 78 77 78 79 77 79 83 78 81 81 76
Pepperdine 59 42 68 50 64 48 65 50 63 54 69 79 72 80
Pittsburgh 61 55 62 56 62 75 65 65 65 59 62 49 61 64
Providence 83 84 95 93 87 100 92 98 57 84 93 86 83 82
Purdue 68 60 70 65 69 62 70 59 71 65 69 64 64 70
Radford 52 67 54 68 52 51 58 81 57 89 58 58 50 57
Rice 86 69 87 78 88 75 88 75 88 80 90 74 88 81
Richmond 82 75 81 73 79 76 82 68 77 87 83 83 83 79
Rider 62 60 63 74 61 64 63 63 60 68 55 74 54 57
Robert Morris 55 57 48 80 55 27 49 61 49 79 47 50 52 69
Rutgers 73 69 76 69 75 74 76 64 76 66 75 54 73 66
St. Bonaventure 68 76 70 83 73 63 72 73 65 50 72 80 76 76
St. Francis (NY) 34 57 34 27 44 67 40 70 45 45 39 53 39 66
St. Francis (PA) 55 61 64 80 53 53 55 58 52 56 53 62 55 65
St. Johns 64 78 62 73 64 58 66 79 65 62 63 75 66 66
St. Josephs 71 78 73 88 79 74 72 75 76 80 73 89 71 75
St. Louis U. 63 81 65 92 64 84 66 72 64 67 60 68 62 56
St. Marys 65 63 66 100 64 68 65 86 64 69 68 68 62 68
St. Peters 47 57 49 59 47 57 59 58 58 68 47 51 46 49
San Diego 53 72 60 81 67 59 68 88 70 90 67 70 65 75
San Diego State 37 31 41 40 39 39 41 39 36 37 34 40 36 31
San Francisco 56 61 58 100 63 71 58 62 56 62 61 68 61 92
San Jose State 30 33 39 36 39 38 36 38 35 56 39 46 34 47
Santa Clara 78 77 81 81 81 86 83 79 84 79 80 61 79 67
Seton Hall 59 59 61 71 65 64 64 73 65 72 65 70 64 71
Siena 79 67 81 75 82 83 79 100 81 100 81 83 84 88
South Alabama 25 33 23 48 36 63 32 47 30 42 30 42 30 39
South Carolina 59 56 61 49 61 67 62 63 62 64 63 73 56 62
South Carolina State 50 43 51 59 42 51 44 46 63 43 49 53 47 31
South Florida 38 46 46 54 42 58 43 45 47 64 46 39 47 50
Southeast Missouri State 34 33 34 48 35 41 36 49 34 52 37 53 36 47

6
Southeastern Louisiana 19 35 22 33 28 29 29 40 28 46 27 46 20 45
Southern California 64 51 66 69 67 53 67 56 65 71 67 57 69 53
Southern Illinois 43 56 20 61 43 62 44 69 43 58 39 57 35 55
SMU 69 48 68 71 73 69 69 84 71 80 72 72 70 84
Southern Mississippi 40 41 40 43 46 55 44 54 47 42 46 57 40 46
Southern University 24 26 25 30 27 44 28 38 27 45 22 41 21 30
Southwest Missouri State 37 52 43 62 42 62 41 53 41 49 39 45 40 42
Southwest Texas State 29 33 30 44 32 33 30 32 31 50 30 43 32 49
Southwestern Louisiana 29 24 30 39 28 47 27 40 27 39 27 41 24 39
Stanford 92 84 92 86 93 81 93 89 93 78 94 91 92 88
Stephen F. Austin 40 41 40 58 41 61 42 53 42 55 41 39 38 58
Stetson 58 59 58 48 63 60 61 48 66 56 64 58 63 64
Syracuse 62 61 64 69 67 65 71 77 71 61 70 65 69 65
Temple 44 56 43 57 42 46 47 55 43 68 49 53 37 59
Tennessee-Chatt. 28 38 33 33 33 47 40 30 42 31 38 50 42 43
Tennessee 52 48 50 49 51 55 56 52 55 47 55 44 56 37
Tennessee Tech 45 58 41 53 40 47 40 36 46 50 44 48 42 42
UT-Arlington 28 23 28 30 25 34 28 39 28 28 27 42 28 48
Texas 59 43 63 55 62 52 62 49 65 57 63 58 65 59
UT-El Paso 25 23 26 38 25 36 23 32 24 21 24 32 22 28
UT-Pan Am 11 21 19 38 18 42 17 22 19 39 20 21 21 27
UT-San Antonio 21 32 22 26 23 22 23 30 23 22 24 32 24 39
Texas A&M 67 38 66 53 66 53 67 47 68 58 68 53 69 52
TCU 61 54 62 57 61 60 59 62 60 60 59 39 63 66
Texas Southern 9 13 10 24 10 15 11 23 13 32 12 24 8 23
Texas Tech 41 35 40 45 39 47 40 54 38 57 40 51 44 43
Toledo 39 45 47 52 31 47 41 65 39 53 37 51 37 53
Tulane 68 57 70 62 74 72 73 66 73 74 72 75 74 71
Tulsa 47 49 44 51 45 68 53 55 54 56 59 57 56 61
UCLA 70 60 74 60 77 66 77 51 77 61 77 57 79 63
Utah 33 49 34 50 42 51 41 51 44 62 38 55 38 59
Utah State 47 33 46 32 46 46 54 53 56 38 50 41 36 50
Valparaiso 69 67 74 75 74 85 71 83 73 69 72 76 68 59
Vanderbilt 78 71 81 82 82 69 81 89 83 83 82 79 81 83
Vermont 76 79 77 79 76 74 76 86 73 79 72 77 68 75
Villanova 83 83 86 76 68 83 85 77 84 81 84 77 86 84
Virginia 80 81 92 88 92 80 91 84 93 90 91 83 92 80
Virginia Commonwealth 41 58 46 55 45 64 46 45 46 51 43 50 45 46
Virginia Military 65 61 66 67 65 55 66 83 62 77 67 50 56 60
Virginia Tech 71 46 72 55 73 70 74 70 73 64 73 62 74 70
Wagner 36 57 48 50 50 64 57 76 69 40 70 68 70 52
Wake Forest 78 62 84 71 88 69 86 72 87 71 85 71 85 76
Washington 60 53 63 61 65 52 67 57 70 68 69 57 70 64
Washington State 52 48 55 49 55 49 61 57 62 50 63 58 63 60
Weber State 20 27 43 31 38 40 31 33 33 42 40 38 39 40
West Virginia 54 62 55 66 55 62 55 67 56 64 56 52 54 54
Western Carolina 42 44 45 62 47 59 47 51 50 51 48 49 48 57
Western Illinois 40 52 43 58 46 55 44 58 49 68 46 60 45 41
Western Kentucky 39 47 37 38 33 40 39 53 39 47 41 35 39 49
Western Michigan 46 50 54 49 51 46 55 63 52 57 52 47 52 48

7
Wichita State 45 27 44 33 32 57 31 41 28 44 27 50 24 46
William & Mary 84 83 89 85 92 87 90 84 92 87 91 73 89 90
Winthrop 51 44 50 49 48 52 50 45 51 51 57 70 51 54
Wisconsin 66 63 70 69 72 66 73 69 73 56 72 56 73 60
Wisconsin-Green Bay 32 53 37 67 40 60 40 70 39 60 41 53 42 70
Wright State 30 46 33 54 31 43 28 50 32 49 32 62 31 43
Wyoming 41 44 44 42 44 52 46 46 43 43 45 37 45 41
Xavier (OH) 66 78 65 77 64 92 66 83 66 71 69 83 67 100
Youngstown State 38 59 40 60 38 35 36 49 35 51 34 64 28 43

8
Data for Question 2 (in file clocks.csv)

age bidders price

127 13 1235
115 12 1080
127 7 845
150 9 1522
156 6 1047
182 11 1979
156 12 1822
132 10 1253
137 9 1297
113 9 946
137 15 1713
117 11 1024
137 8 1147
153 6 1092
117 13 1152
126 10 1336
170 14 2131
182 8 1550
162 11 1884
184 10 2041
143 6 845
159 9 1483
108 14 1055
175 8 1545
108 6 729
179 9 1792
111 15 1175
187 8 1593
111 7 785
115 7 744
194 5 1356
168 7 1262