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    Generator Systems Presentation

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    WAPP
    This document discusses generator system considerations and operation. It explains that an exciter provides DC current to the rotor windings, creating magnetic flux that generates AC voltage in the stator windings through relative motion. The regulator senses output and controls exciter current. Types of excitation include self-excited using output to power the exciter, and permanent magnet eliminating exciter dependence on output voltage. Winding types include random wound for lower power and form wound for higher power applications. The document also covers motor starting capabilities, power factor, non-linear loads, and harmonics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Generator Systems Presentation

    Uploaded by

    WAPP
    209 views20 pages
    This document discusses generator system considerations and operation. It explains that an exciter provides DC current to the rotor windings, creating magnetic flux that generates AC voltage in the stator windings through relative motion. The regulator senses output and controls exciter current. Types of excitation include self-excited using output to power the exciter, and permanent magnet eliminating exciter dependence on output voltage. Winding types include random wound for lower power and form wound for higher power applications. The document also covers motor starting capabilities, power factor, non-linear loads, and harmonics.

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    Generator Systems Presentation

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    This document discusses generator system considerations and operation. It explains that an exciter provides DC current to the rotor windings, creating magnetic flux that generates AC voltage in the stator windings through relative motion. The regulator senses output and controls exciter current. Types of excitation include self-excited using output to power the exciter, and permanent magnet eliminating exciter dependence on output voltage. Winding types include random wound for lower power and form wound for higher power applications. The document also covers motor starting capabilities, power factor, non-linear loads, and harmonics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    209 views20 pages

    Generator Systems Presentation

    Uploaded by

    WAPP
    This document discusses generator system considerations and operation. It explains that an exciter provides DC current to the rotor windings, creating magnetic flux that generates AC voltage in the stator windings through relative motion. The regulator senses output and controls exciter current. Types of excitation include self-excited using output to power the exciter, and permanent magnet eliminating exciter dependence on output voltage. Winding types include random wound for lower power and form wound for higher power applications. The document also covers motor starting capabilities, power factor, non-linear loads, and harmonics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Generator

    System
    Considerations
    Generator Operation
    Exciter- Provides DC Current to the Rotor
    Windings

    Current Through These Windings Create


    Magnetic Flux

    This Magnetic Flux Generates an AC Voltage in


    Nearby Stator Windings when There is Relative
    Motion Between The Rotor and Stator

    The Regulator Senses This Output and Controls


    the Exciter Current
    Types of Excitation
    Self Excited: Uses The Output From The
    Main Generator To Supply its Own Exciter
    Current.

    Permanent Magnet: Furnishes Power To


    The Main Exciter, Thus Eliminating The
    Main Exciter Dependence on the Output
    Voltage. Essentially a Mini-Generator-
    required to produce 300% current to
    trip down stream breakers.
    Winding Types
    Random Wound- Use Coils of Round Wire
    Advantage: Material Cost Lower
    Used with lower power ratings
    Standby applications (low hour)
    Clean enviroment
    Low non linear loads
    Form Wound Use Square of Rectangular
    Wires
    Advantage : Strength ROBUST DESIGN
    Superior Efficiency and Durability
    Used with high power ratings
    Prime power applications
    Dirty enviroments
    High non linear loads
    Disadvantage: Usually Impractical in smaller Generators
    Winding Types
    DECREMENT CURVE
    The generator decrement current curve
    gives the
    symmetrical current supplied by the
    generator for a three phase bolted fault at
    the generator terminals.

    Generators equipped with the series


    boost attachment or generators with PM
    excitation system will supply 300% of
    rated current for at least 10 seconds.
    TYPICAL GENERATOR WITHSTAND CURVE
    Motor Starting Capabilities
    SKVA at a Voltage Dip of ________%
    Satisfy starting SKVA and running loads when sizing a
    generator system
    How to increase SKVA
    Oversize generator, not the engine $
    Oversize the engine/generator package $$$$$
    Reduce SKVA required
    Stagger Start loads (Timers, ATSS)
    Motor Starters
    Compare using Cat Specsizer program
    Both generator and the engine have a transient response
    as a result to a large motor start, therefore we model the
    engine and generator with the specsizer program. (not
    just the generator)
    TMI SKVA DATA
    Power Factor
    Amps = watts / volts x PF x 1.732

    Power Factor = watts / volt x amps x 1.732

    Unity PF : Resistive, Power Factor of 1

    0.8 Power Factor (industry standard)

     Caution: Sizing to Amps only (know the Power


    Factor)

    Effects of low power factor - Generator (not


    engine) overload
    Mechanical Performance of Engine

    Utility Bus versus Engine

    Load Changes, Engine Governor


    responds, speed and voltage dips

    Engine Speed 1800 RPM 60 Hertz, 4


    Pole Generator
    EXHAUST SYSTEMS

    System Backpressures (typical 27H2O)


    Considerations
    Silencer size
    Distance of pipe run
    Pipe size
    Pipe fittings- ells, 45 deg ells, etc
    Corrections
    Larger silencers
    Larger pipe
    ***Discharge away from air intakes
    Definitions

    Non-Linear Loads
    Load current is not proportional to instantaneous
    voltage
    Harmonics
    Normally comprising odd multiples of the fundamental
    frequency.
    Typical Linear Loads
    Resistance Heaters or Load Banks
    Incandescent Lights
    Transformers (not saturated)
    Induction and Synchronous Motors
    Electromagnetic Devices
    Typical Non-Linear Loads

    Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR)


    Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
    Computers
    Transformers (saturated)
    Variable Speed Drives (VSD)
    Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
    Fluorescent & Gas Discharge Lighting
    X-Ray Machines
    UPS Systems

    Inverter
    150
    HARM ONIC WAVEFORM S
    INTEGRAL MULTIPLES OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY

    100

    50
    AMPLITUDE

    0
    0

    -50

    -100

    -150

    TIME
    Fundamental 3rd Harmonic 5th Harmonic
    WAVEFORM DISTORTION
    150
    EFFECT OF 3 rd & 5 th HARMONICS

    100

    50
    AMPLITUDE

    0
    0

    -50

    -100

    -150
    TIME
    Fundamental 5th Harmonic Resultant
    Non-Linear loads cause system problems
    Prepare
    Educate
    Proper system design can avoid or eliminate
    problems
    Get complete load details when sizing
    generator and generator set
    Apply proper generator and voltage regulator

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