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    Socialism in Europe-The Russian Revolution

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    Ratul Ranjan
    This document contains answers to multiple questions about socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. It provides details on the differences between liberals and conservatives in Russia prior to the revolution, the poor social and economic conditions including high unemployment and food shortages, reasons for revolutionary disturbances in 1905 including Bloody Sunday protests, impacts of World War 1 on Russia including millions of casualties and refugees as well as breakdowns of infrastructure, and factors leading to the February Revolution in 1917 including severe food shortages and strikes in Petrograd.

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    Socialism in Europe-The Russian Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Ratul Ranjan
    31 views3 pages
    This document contains answers to multiple questions about socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. It provides details on the differences between liberals and conservatives in Russia prior to the revolution, the poor social and economic conditions including high unemployment and food shortages, reasons for revolutionary disturbances in 1905 including Bloody Sunday protests, impacts of World War 1 on Russia including millions of casualties and refugees as well as breakdowns of infrastructure, and factors leading to the February Revolution in 1917 including severe food shortages and strikes in Petrograd.

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    This document contains answers to multiple questions about socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. It provides details on the differences between liberals and conservatives in Russia prior to the revolution, the poor social and economic conditions including high unemployment and food shortages, reasons for revolutionary disturbances in 1905 including Bloody Sunday protests, impacts of World War 1 on Russia including millions of casualties and refugees as well as breakdowns of infrastructure, and factors leading to the February Revolution in 1917 including severe food shortages and strikes in Petrograd.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views3 pages

    Socialism in Europe-The Russian Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Ratul Ranjan
    This document contains answers to multiple questions about socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. It provides details on the differences between liberals and conservatives in Russia prior to the revolution, the poor social and economic conditions including high unemployment and food shortages, reasons for revolutionary disturbances in 1905 including Bloody Sunday protests, impacts of World War 1 on Russia including millions of casualties and refugees as well as breakdowns of infrastructure, and factors leading to the February Revolution in 1917 including severe food shortages and strikes in Petrograd.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Socialism in Europe-The Russian Revolution

    Q1. Differentiate between the liberals and conservatives.

    Ans. Liberals - These were the socio-political groups of people who


    opposed the uncontrolled power of the monarchs.
    They wanted an elected parliamentary government which would serve the
    interests of the people.
    They were against the system of universal adult franchise and wanted only
    the propertied class to vote.
    They did not support womens right to vote.

    Conservatives- These were the people who opposed the ideas of the
    liberals and the radicals.
    They were opposed to the idea of bringing about change in society.
    They had respect for the old institutions of governance.
    They believed that gradual transformation could be brought about through
    a slow process of discussions and compromise.

    Q2. Analyze the social and economic condition in Russia prior to the
    Russian Revolution.

    Ans.Social conditions- 85% of the population in Russia was agriculturist.


    Industry was existent and owned mostly by private owners.The workers
    were a divided social group but during times of crisis,they would unite
    together and protest.They had migrated to cities in search of employment
    in factories.Peasants had no respect for nobility and wanted land to be
    given to them.

    Economic conditions-Russia was going through a bad economic period.


    Prices of essential commodities had risen but real wages could not keep
    pace with it.Unemployment and food shortages were common.More and
    more workers formed associations and participated in industrial strike.

    Q3.Analyze the reasons for the revolutionary disturbances in Russia in


    1905.
    Ans.Following were the reasons for revolutionary disturbances in Russia in
    1905 :
    1. Russia was an autocracy.The Tsar was not subject to Parliament,unlike
    other European rulers.
    2.Prices of essential goods rose and real wages had declined by 20% in
    1904.
    3.Membership of workers association had risen dramatically.
    4.Four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers, were dismissed at
    the Putilov Iron Works.
    5.A call for industrial action was made and over the next few days more
    than 10,000 workers in St.Petersburg went on strike demanding reduction
    in working hours ,increase in wages and improvement in working
    conditions.
    6.A procession of workers led by Father Gapon to Winter Palace of the
    Tsar, was attacked upon by police and the Cossacks.
    7.Over 100 workers were killed and 300 wounded,which came to be known
    as the Bloody Sunday incident.
    8.This was followed by a series of strikes and walkouts all over the country.

    Q4.Examine the main outcomes of the first world war on the Russian
    empire.
    Ans.
    1. Russians were badly defeated between 1914 and 1916,in Germany and
    Austria.There were over 7 million casualties by 1917.
    2.Retreating Russian armies destroyed crops and buildings leading to over
    3 million refugees in Russia.
    3.People lost all faith in the Tsar and soldiers did not wish to fight.
    4.Russias industries were few in number and the country was cut off from
    other suppliers of industrial goods by German control of the Baltic sea.
    5.Industrial equipment began to disintegrate and railway lines began to
    break down by 1916.
    6.Labour shortages led to closure of essential goods producing workshops.
    7.Food supply being sent to troops, led to scarcity of bread and flour in
    cities.Food riots had become common by 1916.

    Q5.List the main factors which lead to the February revolution.


    Ans.Following were the main factors that led to the February Revolution:
    1.In the winter of 1917,conditions in the capital, Petrograd,were grim.
    2.Feb.1917 saw severe food shortages in the workers quarters.
    3.The workers lived on the right side of the river Neva and the rich and
    famous lived on the left, in sharp contrast to each others living conditions.
    4.Winter was very cold with exceptional frost and heavy snow which had
    made life for the poor more difficult.
    5.Parliamentarians were opposed to the idea of the Tsar to dissolve the
    Duma.
    6.On 22 Feb.,a lockout took place at a factory.The very next day, workers
    of fifty other factories called a strike in sympathy.
    As the workers surrounded the centre of the capital,curfew was imposed.
    Thus,the February revolution started.

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