MONTHLY WEATHER REPORT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE.

SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS COMPILED FROM RRTIIkYB nu IRFICiAI. STATInVS Aan Vnr TTUTRRR nRCRDVRDC
BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be directly
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NOVEMBER, 1928. Quiet and rather cold first occasional slight rain,
at with
from 10th onwards unusually mild and stormy.
The outstanding
features of the weather of November were the unusual ryuals the previous highest in November, 1906. The observer at .rotund
lasted from the 10th 26th.
mildness, which to the and the widespread Bay reports that the mean maximum temperature of
53.1F. is the highest
destructive during the second half
of the month. for November 1899 that in
gales since and adds raspberries were gathered an open
garden until November 28th. At Eastbourne
values of daily
the maxi- mean
During the early part of the month, pressure was high to the north-west
mum minimum temperature were the highest recorded in November since
low over the British Isles : winds, in consequence, from and
and relatively were 1921. Amongst
1913. At Belper the month was the mildest November since
between north and east and the weather was cloudy and rather cold with
the low temperature during the cold period in the early
in general. slight precipitation. A readings recorded
occasional and, remarkable exception,
the in part of the month were 28' F. in the screen and 14' F. on the
grass at Birr
on
however. to general slight precipitation occurred the south-east of
heavy fell Ist-2nd, the morning of the 2nd. 21 F. in the screen and 13` F. on the grass at Eskdale-
England, where rain on the night of the on the 2nd and 9th, 20' F. in the 15 F. on the
the 2nd-3rd : during the 40 hours 9h. 3rd, muir on the morning of the and screen and
during the night of ending on the
Deal 78 mm. grass at South Farnborough on the morning of the 10th.
96 mm. were measured at and at Dover. Sunny periods were

in northern districts Ist 2nd

Wales,
experienced and western on the and (8.2 hr. at The extreme temperatures for the month were : -England and
7.0 hr. at Renfrew 1st, 6-8 hr. at Pembroke
Cahirciveen, on the on the 2nd) 66' F. at Wakefield on the 12th, 20 F. at Roden Wellington on the 9th. and
in districts on the 3rd. 4th, 5th and 6th. In districts, St. Albans South Farnborough the 10th. Scotland, (33' F.
and many northern at and on at
on the 8th, 9th
anticyclonic conditions prevailed and on the extended to the Liberton on the 12th and 16' F. at Braemar on
the 9th : Ireland. 64 F. at
British Isles. Excellent 22 F. Castle 9th.

whole of the sunshine records were obtained in Dublin (Trinity college) on the 12th. at \Iarkree on the

districts in Ireland on the Sth 9th. Much

northern
and and widely on the
fog from the 4th to the 7th, 6th. Dav

mist and occurred notably on the Precipitation. in districts during the

-Precipitation nearly all was slight
during these nine days were mostly moderate to low
temperatures rather first 9 days, but thereafter was both heavy and frequent. The general pre-
minimum temperatures frequently well below the normal,
and night unusually for the British Isles as a percentage of the normal for
cipitation expressed
grass minimum temperatures being
low screen and recorded widely on the the period 1881-1915 132 ; the values for the constituent countries were :-
4th, 5th, 9th 10th. was
of the and
mornings England and Wales, 126 ; Scotland, 134 ;
Ireland, 142.
The. to mild unsettled conditions began in the
change extreme north of
Wales below the
fell Lerwick In England and rainfall totals were
the normal along

9th, during day,

Scotland on the when rain at the widely in Ireland
north-cast coast of England and in Cornwall, and over a large area which
Scotland the night of the 9th to 10th and in all districts 10th.
and (luring on the included London. Kent, the
the parts of Surrey and and greater part of the eastern
Air temperature rose well above normal and on the 12th maximum tem-
counties ; in the districts there was in general an excess which was
F. and remaining
peratures of 60' above were recorded in several districts. Rain was districts in Wales.
most pronounced in the central and the north-west and
frequent, heavy falls occurring in
widespread and northern and western Belper 1914 and
10th 11th,
The month was the wettest November at since at Eastbourne
districts on the and widely on the 14th, 15th and 16th, during the
1919 Bradford than twice thenormal rainfall fell during the
18th to 19th 19th in many since ; at more
of the and on the parts of Scotland and Ireland, Dungeness
night month. including heavy fall of 48 nim. on the 23rd and at the
from the 21st to the 23rd. Strong local a
and widely winds with gales at times
the month's total amounted to nearly two and a half times the normal. Amongst
frequently experienced, most notable gales being associated with 4R
were heavy daily falls mm. Princetown on the 23rd and 24th,
depressions England notable were at
the deep which passed across on the 16th, southern at Keswick
23rd Scotland 25th. and 40 mm. on the 23rd.
Scotland on the and northern on the These gales.
in
in the in
nearly
which wind speeds and gusts neighbourhood of 90 mi/hr. were recorded, In Scotland,precipitation was appreciably above the normal all
damage loss but here Balmoral,
occasioned much material and some of life. districts. notably in the south and west, and there, as at
depression Logie Coldstone, Perth, Kelso, there was a trifling deficiency. At
In the of the of the 25th, northerly and
rear winds of polar origin
the country temperature fell Rothesav, during the last 120 years, the aggregate of 233 nim. has been
flowed over and considerably : the 27th and 28th

28th in November only in 1917, with 265 mm. From Ist-8th slight

decidedly cold and on the the day maximum temperature failed to exceeded
were in but little in the On 9th
37 F. at Aspatria 39' F. at Nairn F. skdalemuir. Showers rain occurred the east, or none west. rain
and and of

exceed in day thereafter in many

hail occurred locally. Temperature, however, commenced west and north, with rain on every
rain, and snow quickly recovered 21st 24th.
districts, and some extremely wet periods notably from to
by the 30th was again above the normal. The unsettled
and weather was
bright Amounts 25 mm. were recorded over limited or wide areas on
by many periods, notably on the 13th. 14th, 17th, 18th, 20th exceeding
relieved day from 9th to 14th from 16th to 26th, in the far north
to the 28th. and and
from the 26th each
and 29th 30th. On 23rd the Scotland was involved in a
on and whole of
Winds. considerable rainstorm, with more than 511 mm. at e. g- Carsphairn. Arrochar
pressure and were cyclonic during the
--Conditions greater part of from 21st
barometer frequently falling and Inverarary ; and at Arrochar the aggregate rainfall to 24th
the to low levels during the period
the month, At Cargen, Dumfries,
from 10th exceeded 150 mm. near the wettest year on record
about the to the 26th
of disturbed weather ; at all stations monthly
is 1887 1,613 the for the first of 1928,
pressure were markedly below with mm.: aggregate eleven months
means of atmospheric the normal, the defi-
from 2 to 8 millibars. At Edinburgh, fell to 950.7 1,629 mm., exceeds that amount.
ciencies ranging pressure mb.
23rd, the lowest value noted there since December. 1886. There is
on the In Ireland, monthly totals of precipitation were everywhere well above the
of a pressure of 930 mb. at Edinburgh in January. 1884. Winds were to or and a half times the normal in some

a record normal. amounting exceeding one

from between north and east and light to moderate in force during
mainly the
central and north-eastern districts.
I

days ; thereafter they varied from south-west to north-west

first ten and were i
in force with local gales at times. The Sleet or snow fell in the north-east of Scotland on a few days but in general
generally strong most severe gales
there important falls. Hail showers occurred on several days in
were with the intense depressions which crossed the country were no
those associated
16th, 23rd and 25th. The first of these developed various parts and thunderstorms on a few days.
the off south-west
on England.
moved north-east across Gusts exceeding 70 mi, rhr.
Ireland and
the 16th in many in southern England Ireland Sunshine. in general the normal in the
on places and ; 93 -Sunshine aggregates were above
occurred

in a gust at Cardington (anemometer head districts Britain in the of Scotland,

mi/hr. was recorded 150 ft. above central and eastern of Great and west and

86 at Cahirciveen, 81 mi/hr. Croydon 79 below the Representative totals for districts expressed as
mi/hr at and mi/hr. normal elsewhere.
ground),
These far the highest 1881-1915, from 118 per in England
Lympne. values are so recorded values at these a percentage of the normal, varied cent.
at Cahirciveen, days
except at where the highest on record is 96 N. E. to 77 per cent. in the Channel Isles. There were many sunny on
stations, mi%hr.
7th, 1923. As in the
on
February a result of the gale numerous telephone lines which excellent sunshine records were obtained, notably north-west I

down. The second of these depressions crossed southern Scotland on the Ist and 2nd (8.2 hr. at Cahirciveen and 7.0 hr. at Renfrew on the Ist,
were
23rd by the 6.8 hr. at Pembroke 2nd), in many districts the 3rd, in
the and was accompanied gales over entire country ; on the scattered on
on Lympne),
highest in 87 English districts 5th (8.2 hr. in Scotland. Ireland
the recorded velocities gusts were mi/hr. at Eskdalemuir, on the at and
amongst Southport, 84 mi/hr. 9th hr. at South
South Shields and at Aldergrove and 83 mi/hr. at St. northern districts of England on the 8th, widely on the (8.2
Scilly. The third of these depressions to the Farnborough Calshot, 8.1 hr. Winchester), 13th, 14th, 17th, 18th,
Marv's passed north of Scotland and at
25th. Gales were again widespread, the wind attaining in a 20th from the 26th to the 28th. The observer at Copdock states that on
on the a velocity and
of
88 mi/hr. at Sealand and 84 mi /hr. at Dunfanaghv. The gales caused the 18th, 7.4 hrs. sunshine were recorded, "an amount which eclipses
gust loss
damage, some of life and much interference to in my record at a period of the year except in the
much structural cross- anything corresponding
steamship services. wonderful November of 1920 ".
channel

November, 1928. on the

Temperature. was whole
unusually mild and at Fog.
-Fog occurred in the early part of the month and on the 29th and was
in the British Isles the mean temperature
for the from 4th 7th. Dense fog occurred in the Clvde
stations month exceeded widr. pread the to the area on
all
Rather low temperatures frost
the normal. with severe ground occurred the Sth
-9th.
the first ten days and on the 27th 28th, but during
during and the remaining

both by day by decidedly

days temperature and night was above the normal. Miscellaneous phenomena. halos 22,
-Halo phenomena, mostly of were
Copdock reports that on the night 12th
The at of the the thermometer
observer observed at a few stations. Aurora was frequently observed ; at Lerwick on
to fall below 54 F.. a minimum temperature has only been equalled
failed which 13 nights and at Aberdeen 9. A display the 15th far
on on was observed as
in November once at that station in the last 55 The
exceeded years. south as Dublin. The Zodiacal light Deerness the 6th,
or was observed at on
minimum temperature was as much as 3.9F. above the normal and 26th and 27th Oxford the 15th.
average and at on

40-9999