Leica XPro 6.2 Manual

Leica Geosystems
Leica XPro 6.2
User Manual
Leica Geosystems AG
9435 Heerbrugg, Switzerland
Document Code: 769340
Document release: 6.2-6, 14-08-2014
This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without prior permission in writing from Leica Geosystems AG, 9435 Heerbrugg
(Switzerland), either by mechanical, photographic, electronic, or other means (including conversion into or transmission in machine-readable form);
stored in any retrieval system; used for any purpose other than that/ those for which it is intended; nor accessible or communicated in any form to
any third party not expressly authorized by Leica Geosystems AG to have access thereto
Trademarks
Windows, Windows XP and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
International Warranty
The International Warranty can be downloaded from the Leica Geosystems home page at http://www.leica-geosystems.com/international warranty
or received from your Leica Geosystems dealer.
Software License Agreement
This product contains software that is pre-installed on the product, or that is supplied to you on a data carrier medium, or that can be downloaded
by you online pursuant to prior authorization from Leica Geosystems. Such software is protected by copyright and other laws and its use is defined
and regulated by the Leica Geosystems Software License Agreement, which covers aspects such as, but not limited to, Scope of the License,
Warranty, Intellectual Property Rights, Limitation of Liability, Exclusion of other Assurances, Governing Law and Place of Jurisdiction. Please
make sure, that at any time you fully comply with the terms and conditions of the Leica Geosystems Software License Agreement.
Such agreement is provided together with all products and can also be found at the Leica Geosystems home page at http://www.leica-
geosystems.com/swlicense or your Leica Geosystems dealer.
You must not install or use the software unless you have read and accepted the terms and conditions of the Leica Geosystems Software License
Agreement. Installation or use of the software or any part thereof, is deemed to be an acceptance of all the terms and conditions of such license
agreement. If you do not agree to all or some of the terms of such license agreement, you may not download, install or use the software and you
must return the unused software together with its accompanying documentation and the purchase receipt to the dealer from whom you purchased
the product within ten (10) days of purchase to obtain a full refund of the purchase price.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Chapter 1
Leica XPro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Configure XPro Initialization file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Security Options in Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Set virtual memory paging file size larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
License setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
License tool installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Using Node Locked licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Using Floating licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Offline License Transfer Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Application setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
License update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Re-hosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Necessary for MM80 connection - for ADS80 data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Necessary for MM30 connection - for ADS100 data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Starting Leica XPro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 3
Data Download for ADS80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Preparation for download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Data download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Create / select Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Select data for download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Start download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Downloaded data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Disconnect MM80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter 4
Data Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Data Preparation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ADS100 data on MM30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Data Preparation Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
iii
Table of Contents
Using raw MM data in workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Select Flight on MM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Select Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Run Session Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Select Takes and georeferencing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Data Preparation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Run image georeferencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Output data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
EOP Export Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Chapter 5
QC Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
QC Viewer Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
QC Viewer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
QC Viewer Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Selecting an image to view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Status Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Moving Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Image pyramids availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Toggle image bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Toggle image zoom level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Viewing cross-eyed stereo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Histograms View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Image Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Orientation Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Chapter 6
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Measurement Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Measurement Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Core functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Output Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Automatic Point Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
APM Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Measurement Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Select Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Select Image Bands to measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Load Ground Control Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Measure Ground Control Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Generate tie points using APM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
iv Leica XPro
Chapter 7
Block Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Block Preparation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Block Preparation Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Create New Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Set Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Add Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Add GPro triangulated Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Add DSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Add Reference Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Add Ground Control Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Save Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Export to Shapefile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Supported Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Data Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Example Block File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
ASCII geoid file format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Chapter 8
Aerial Triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Triangulation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Triangulation flow in brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Input Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Output Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Triangulation Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Open Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Run APM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Import Ground Control Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Measurement in Triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Create New Adjustment Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Edit Ground Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Set Parameters for Bundle Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Run Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Validate Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Further Improvement of Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Write Out Adjusted Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Self-calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Export Adjusted Ground Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Block Check tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Chapter 9
Product Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Product Generation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Input data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Output data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Product Generation Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Select Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Open AOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Processor Manual v
Table of Contents
Open DEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Edit Product Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Create a Product Generation Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Execute Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Rectifier Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Minifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Product Export Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Chapter 10
Appendix A - Automated Point Matching File Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
APM File Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
APM Settings File Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Chapter 11
Appendix B - HTC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
HTCondor installation instructions on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
IT infrastructure testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Installation for Master- and Submitter Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Installation option B for Master Node installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Installation option B for Submitter Node installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Installation on the Worker nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Full Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Specify Local License Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Potential issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
vi Leica XPro
Chapter 1
Leica XPro
Introduction Leica XPro is a software package performing the ADS ground processing workflow from data
download to image generation and dense DSM extraction.
This manual describes how to use Leica XPro software.
Where to get assistance and training

Please be aware, that for a complete understanding of the functionality and operation of the
system it is necessary to participate in an ADS data processing training and maintenance course.
For assistance and training courses please contact your local Leica Geosystems subsidiary or
representative.
Headquarter
Internet http://www.leica-geosystems.com
Contact Leica Geosystems AG e-mail:
Business Unit Digital Imaging [email protected]
Heinrich-Wild-Strasse Phone: + 41 71 727 3131
9435 Heerbrugg Fax: + 41 71 727 4674
Switzerland
User Manual 1
Leica XPro
2 Leica XPro
Chapter 2
Installation and Configuration
System Leica XPro is software that runs under the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.
Requirements Requirements for an optimal processing workstation are the following:
IBM PC-compatible computer,
Windows 7 64-bit OS, English language, English language.
Windows Server 2008 for High Performance Computing (HPC) environment.
12 GB or more RAM for using XPro DSM; (4 GB or more RAM for other applications).
3 TB or more free disk space for data processing. Disk space for data processing depends
largely on the characteristics of production work and back up cycles used. It is
recommended to have 20 TB or more available. One full day flight data with products may
require about 3 TB.
3 GHz processor speed, total of 8 cores or more
Graphics card - NVIDIA GeForce 9600/ 9800 or Nvidia GeForce 285/ 295 (basically any
current with at least 512 MB RAM; RAM speed is important - DDR 3 or better; OpenGL
version 2.0 or greater is required).
ADS80 - MM80 data download workstation has to have the following for mounting the
adapter card:
- one unused PCIe slot on the backplane

- two open slots in the housing.
ADS100 - MM30 data download workstation has to have the following for mounting the
adapter card:
- one unused PCIe slot on the backplane

- one open slot in the housing.
Installation It is recommended to uninstall the previous version of the software before installing the new
version.
To install Leica XPro, double-click the setup.exe file on the software CD. Follow the
instruction provided by the installation program.
User Manual 3
The license server name used for XPro licenses is asked during the XPro installation. User can
change the name in the XPro Initialization file (xpro.ini) at later stage, if required.
Configure XPro XPro requires certain data locations to be defined in XPro initialization file after the software
Initialization file installation. Initialization file, xpro.ini, is provided with XPro installation, usually at location
C:\Program Files\Leica Geosystems\XPro\
The required settings in the initialization file are:
- location of sensor calibration files
- location of APM settings file
- location of global elevation file - GTopo or SRTM
- location of XPro license server
Examples of the location definitions are given below:
Sensor calibration
====
; default location for calibrations
[Calibrations]
location=C:/ADS/calibrations
Avoid spaces in the path of the location for calibration. In case the spaces are in the
calibration path then the .sup files for Products will not get the proper calibration
location.
APM settings file

[APM]
setting_file=C:/Program Files/Leica Geosystems/XPro/etc/apm_settings.txt
Global elevation file

[GTopo]
; location and filename for the GTopo global elevation database file
; default is etc/dem/gtopoDem_ell.jptf
datafile = C:/Program Files/Leica Geosystems/XPro/etc/dem/gtopoDem_ell.jptf
[SRTM]
; location of the data directory for SRTM3
; there is no default location, please specify (or leave it empty)
;datapath = etc/dem/SRTM/SRTM3
4 Leica XPro
Installation
XPro uses global elevation files for footprint computation, for point measurement in
Triangulation and as option for ortho calculation in Product Generation. XPro
installation comes with GTopo global elevation file - GTopo is used by default. User has
option to comment out GTopo use in xpro.ini and to define the location of the SRTM files.
The DVD with SRTM3 files can be ordered from Leica Geosystems (the same SRTM3 files
can be used for flight planning in Leica MissionPro).
Location of XPro license server

[Licensing]
; Specify the license server used for XPro licenses.
; Must use IP adress or host name
; If all licenses are installed on the client use localhost
server=localhost
Please note - xpro.ini file does not support backslashes.
Security Options in In case experiencing issues with getting the processing logs populated into the Leica XPro
Windows 7 installation folder with Windows 7 OS, it might be required to change the Security Options.
It should help going to
Administrative Tools > Local Security Policy > Local Policies > Security Options
and setting
User Account Control: Virtualize file and registry write failure to Disabled.
Set virtual memory For systems lacking RAM for Leica XPro DSM Extraction step it is recommended to set the
paging file size larger paging file size value higher than the Windows OS default value is.
Paging can make data processing significantly slower though - thus adding RAM to the system
is the more preferred solution.
User Manual 5
License setup
Introduction This part of user documentation describes office software licensing as implemented for all
airborne data post processing software from Leica Geosystems and Z/I Imaging.
For all products Leica Geosystems (LGS) FlexNet licensing is used.
Two license types are available:
Node locked licenses
Floating licenses
Leica XPro uses floating licenses.
ORIMA DP M license setup
Either ORIMA BA with LGS FlexNet licensing or alternatively ORIMA DP M license is

required for Leica XPro triangulation flow.
ORIMA DP M uses Intergraph FlexNet licensing for Geospatial 2013 products provided
with IntergraphLicenseAdministrationTool_v11.10.1_win.zip.
Solution is described at:
https://support.intergraph.com/licensing.asp
Licensing software
LGS FlexNet uses the following tools:
On the application machine:
The Client License Manager (CLM) Local Software (clm-admin.exe).
For installation see "License tool installation" on page 9.
The CLM Local Software is used:
To activate, update and re-host node locked licenses from the Leica Geosystems License
server. See "Using Node Locked licenses" on page 12, "License update" on page 25.
To display a list of all floating licenses which are activated on the local license server to check
what is available for checkout by an application or for borrowing.
To borrow floating licenses from the local license server and to return borrowed floating
licenses to the local license server
On the local license server:

The Client License Manager (CLM) Server Software (clm_server_package.exe).
For installation see "Using Floating licenses" on page 16.
The CLM is used:
to activate, update and re-host floating licenses from the Leica Geosystems License server
In the application:
A license configuration dialog.
This dialogue is used
To specify the license type (either node locked or floating)
6 Leica XPro
License setup
To enter the local license server name or address (In case of floating licenses)
In the case a product is only available with floating licenses the license configuration
dialogue in the application might be not available. In this case an executable is used to
specify on the application machine the name of the local license server.
Entitlement-ID
When ordering a software product, customer gets an entitlement certificate with an Entitlement-
ID.
The Entitlement-ID is the key to the license(s) of each product. The Entitlement ID must be
entered during the license activation at customer site.
License activation
For the license activation, users computer must be connected to the internet.
All issued licenses must be activated on the users computer. That means the users computer
must be connected online to the Leica Geosystems License Server [FlexNet Operations (FNO)
license server] through the internet when getting the license. The license information is stored
in a trusted storage on the computer. For node locked licenses this is the users computer. For a
floating license this is the users local license server.
For running a software product, there is no further connection to the Leica Geosystems License
Server required.
For customers who cannot establish an internet connection on the PC where the application
software shall be used (i.e. on the target PC) there is option to use Offline License Transfer
functionality.
The option to activate/return or update a license offline is offered via a second PC or via any
other device that must at least have e-mail connection to the internet (e.g. a smartphone).
Node locked licenses

A node-locked license is bound to a single machine and can not be used on another machine at
the same time. A re-hosting functionality for moving a license to another machine is offered.
The number of re-hosts depends on the type of software product.
Floating licenses
Floating licenses are used for sharing a license between different users within an organization.
The number of concurrent users is defined by the number of available licenses.
A float license is bound to a single machine running the local license server. Several float
licenses can be activated on the local license server. Float licenses can be re-hosted once per
year to move a license to another local license server machine.
The address of the local license server machine has to be entered in the software product
configuration on each machine where the software is installed. It is possible to install and
execute the software on the same machine where the local license server is running.
User Manual 7
Check out of floating licenses

When the software product is started it automatically checks out a license from the local license
server. If the software product is shut down the license is returned to the local license server. In
this setup the machine running the software has to be permanently connected to the local license
server.
Application computers using checked out floating licenses must stay connected to the local
license server.
For using checked out floating licenses in a single computer environment the computer has to
be set up for local license server.
Borrowing of floating licenses

Clients can borrow from the local license server float licenses for a number of days. A borrowed
license can be used similar to a time limited node locked license. It allows executing the
software product on a client machine without needing permanent access to the local license
server. If the borrowing period expires the borrowed license expires on the client machine.
Check out or borrowing of this license from the local license server becomes possible again.
Any time during the borrowing period, the client can return the license to the local license server
to make it available for other clients.
Maintenance concept
Software maintenance entitles a customer for a free of charge update of the software within a
given period. The Software maintenance can be ordered with duration of 1, 2, or more years.
Without Software maintenance a product includes free of charge update for a period of 30 days
after first entitlement activation.
An expired maintenance does not stop the usage of the product (it's not an expiring
license). An expired maintenance prevents only the use of newer software versions. The
software version is linked to a date.
Upgrades
The Entitlement number remains if a Software is upgraded to a newer version or if additional
modules to a Software are purchased. Leica Geosystems generates a new or subsequent item to
the existing Entitlement and place it on the Leica Geosystems License Server. The new or
subsequent item to the existing Entitlement needs to be activated by the user on his local
machine. Activation of this item is similar as activation of a new license.
Activation of upgrades or renewed Software Maintenance

Activation is similar as activation of a new license. When updating a license, a line item of the
license will be updated or added.
Re-hosting
Depending on the license model, a license can be returned to the Leica Geosystems License
Server (FNO) and re-hosted to another machine.
Re-hosting, as extended licensing functionality, is available only for registered customers.
8 Leica XPro
License setup
Return to Leica Geosystems License Server (FNO) function should be used also for expired
evaluation licenses.
Details see "Re-hosting" on page 27.
Important before re-installing the operating system

Return the license to the Leica Geosystems License server before you reinstall the operating
system on your computer. After your computer is setup activate the licenses again. If the license
cannot be recovered, contact Customer Support.
Summary
Figure 2-1: Licensing Overview
License tool
installation
Important when upgrading from older Leica licensing tools
CLM software installation performs automatically temporary stop of license services and
removal of the old software versions. Using Windows Add or Remove Programs to
remove the previous versions of the licensing tools is not recommended.
Activated node locked license(s) can remain. It has not to be returned to the Leica
Geosystems license server before upgrading the licensing tools.
Installation DVD
To install the CLM Local software, follow these steps:
Insert the Product DVD.
The installation menu dialogue opens:
User Manual 9
Figure 2-2: Example Z/I Software Packages
From the Z/I Software Packages Installer select License ... to open the License Installer sub-
menu
Installation procedure
1. Click CLM Local software and follow the instructions in the installation dialogue.
Figure 2-3: Installation Dialogue
2. Click Install to continue with the installation procedure
10 Leica XPro
License setup
Figure 2-4: Installation Next
3. Click Next to continue with the installation procedure
Figure 2-5: Software License Agreement
4. Do one of the following:
Click I agree to if you agree to the terms and conditions set forth in the Leica Geosystems
Software License Agreement.
Click Cancel to exit the installation program if you do not agree to the terms and
conditions.
5. Click Next to continue installation
User Manual 11
Figure 2-6: Complete Installation
6. Click Finish to complete the installation.
For how to activate the license see "Using Node Locked licenses" on page 12.
Using Node Locked

licenses
Procedure to activate the node locked license

To activate the products node-locked license you need the following:
The Entitlement ID of the Z/I Imaging & Leica Geosystems Products license
Your computer has to be connected to the internet. In case internet connection cannot be
established for the computer then please use Offline License Transfer - see "Offline License
Transfer Process" on page 22.
To activate the license, follow these steps:
1. Start the CLM Local software from Start Programs Leica Geosystems Client License
Manager License Administrator. Select Tab Node-locked Licenses. The following dialogue
opens:
12 Leica XPro
License setup
Figure 2-7: Open CLM Local software
2. In case your Internet connection is via Proxy Server configure the Proxy Server settings.
Figure 2-8: Configure Proxy Server settings
Select page Options
Enter the Proxy Server configuration data
Confirm with clicking Apply
User Manual 13
3. Enter the software product Entitlement ID.

Go to the Activate new licenses page and enter the Entitlement ID. Entitlement ID is listed on the
Subject line of the e-mail with the attached software products Entitlement certificate. The
Entitlement ID is also listed in the certificate.
Figure 2-9: Enter Entitlement ID
Click Check for activatable licenses
Software connects to the Leica Geosystems License Server and lists the licenses which can be
activated.
14 Leica XPro
License setup
Figure 2-10: Licenses to activate
4. Activate the license by clicking Activate new licenses

Activation may take up to one minute.
After successful process the list of activated licenses of the Entitlement ID can be expanded and
viewed.
Figure 2-11: Activated licenses
5. Close CLM Local software.
User Manual 15
Using Floating
licenses
A floating entitlement can be valid for 1 to n licenses of a software product. If you own
more than one floating licenses for a product the licenses shall be combined in one single
Entitlement ID, because on a local license server only one Entitlement ID per software
product should be activated. If this is not the case, borrowing of licenses and check out of
licenses may fail.
Troubleshooting
If you have your floating licenses for a product not combined in a single Entitlement ID
then either:
- Setup more than one local license server
or
- Contact Customer Support to get the floating licenses combined in an Entitlement ID
If you have activated more than one floating license Entitlement per software product on
a local licenses server machine, you may have to restart the license server application on
your local license server machine, if borrowing or check out failed.
Local license server setup
Environment
Local License Server is usually a server machine in the environment which serves the licenses
to the application machines connected in the company network.
It is also possible to use the floating license model if only one workstation is available. In that
case this single workstation has to fulfil both functions - being license server and application
machine.
The software product can check out licenses from the local license server if
the licensing code in the application (software product) and the Leica CLM Administrator
Server Software are of the same version.
if the licensing code in the application (software product) is of a newer version than the
Leica CLM Administrator Server Software.
If you are already running Software from Leica Geosystems check if the Leica CLM
Administrator Server Software is already installed on your local server machine. If this is the
case start the CLM, select About and check the version. e.g. 1.0.1068. Compare the number
of the already installed Leica CLM Administrator Server Software version with the number of
version provided on the software product Installation DVD.
16 Leica XPro
License setup
Update the CLM Local software on all client machines. If the already installed Leica CLM
Local software version is older than the version provided on the software product Installation
DVD, then install the version which is provided on the software product Installation DVD.
If newer versions of other Leica Geosystems software are available it is highly recommended
to upgrade those, to have always the latest Software version in use.
Click Leica CLM Administrator Server to install (or update) clm_server_package.exe to the
local license server. Follow the instruction provided by the installation program.
Procedure to activate the float license

Open the CLM Server software and activate the licenses by entering the Entitlement ID.
For the license activation users local license server computer must be connected to the internet.
Once the floating licenses have been activated the connection to the internet is no longer
required for the local license server.
In case internet connection cannot be established for the computer then please use Offline
License Transfer - see "Offline License Transfer Process" on page 22.
Figure 2-12: Activate Floating Licenses
Click View Licenses in use in order to see the activated licenses.
User Manual 17
Figure 2-13: View licenses in use
Use Return licenses function on View Installed Licenses page in case the re-hosting of the
licenses to another local license server is intended.
Application machine setup for floating licenses

The application machine is the workstation with software product installation.
CLM Local software is used on application machine in order to borrow the floating licenses
from Local License Server i.e. from the PC which serves the licenses in the company network.
CLM Local software is not required for the single workstation installation cases in which the
Local License Server with the floating license is running on the same application workstation.
Installation and using of CLM Server software on the application machine is sufficient in that
case.
The definition of the local license server in the CLM Local software is required:
- To display in the CLM Local software a list of all floating licenses which are activated
on the Local License Server to validate what is available for checkout by an application
or for borrowing.
- To use the CLM Local software to borrow floating licenses from the local license server
and to return borrowed floating licenses to the Local License Server
18 Leica XPro
License setup
In addition to the above the Local License Server needs to be specified in the application
itself as well. See "Application setup" on page 24.
Borrowing Floating Licenses

CLM Local software allows the Borrowing of Floating Licenses from the Local License Server
in order to make the licenses available in application machine(s) for the cases when the network
connection between the local server and the application machine will not be available.
Application machine has to be connected to the Local License Server as well as to the Leica
Geosystems license server (Internet) for Borrow and Return operations.
The Local License Server does not need connection to the Leica Geosystems license server
(Internet) when an application machine borrows or returns a floating license.
1. Install the CLM Local software to the application machine. Follow the instruction provided by
the installation program. See "License tool installation" on page 9.
2. Open the CLM Local software and go to Options window for defining from which license
server the licenses are used. Type in the server name. Specify the number of days for borrowing.
License will be returned automatically once the number of the borrowing days has passed. User
can return the licenses earlier than specified. Click Apply.
Figure 2-14: Options window
3. The Local License Server name you have specified appears in the list under Borrowing from:
on CLM Local software main window. Click on the server name for displaying the list of
licenses on the server. Select the licenses to be borrowed.
User Manual 19
To run the software product on a client machine all desired modules including the
Software Maintenance module have to be borrowed from the local license server. For an
early return all borrowed modules have to be also returned to the local license server.
Figure 2-15: Borrowing from Local License Server
4. Click Borrow.
Returning Floating Licenses

License will be returned automatically once the number of the borrowing days has passed. User
can return the license also earlier.
1. Go to the View Installed Licenses page of CLM Local software. Select the licenses to be
returned. For an early return all the modules of the borrowed license have to be selected for
return.
20 Leica XPro
License setup
Figure 2-16: View Installed Licenses
2. Click Return borrowed licenses
Figure 2-17: Return licenses
3. Click Continue to confirm the returning.
User Manual 21
Offline License The Offline License Transfer functionality is helpful for the users who cannot establish an
Transfer Process internet connection on the PC where the application software shall be used (i.e. on the target
PC).
The option to activate/return or update a license offline is offered via a second PC or via any
other device that must at least have e-mail connection to the internet (e.g. a smartphone).
When a customer has got the Entitlement ID, the following steps have to be taken to activate
the Entitlement offline:
1. Get Start File

On a computer or other device with an internet connection get from Leica Geosystems a Start
file via e-mail and transfer it via a portable storage device, e.g. a USB stick, to the target PC (i.e.
the PC which uses the licensed software or serves the floating licenses to the other PC-s in the
customer's internal network).
Enter the Entitlement ID to be activated offline as body text into the e-mail and send the
e-mail to [email protected]
The offline activation Start file will be sent back to your e-mail address
Save the Start file to a portable storage device, e.g. a USB stick, and transfer it to the target
PC.
2. Create Request File

Install the CLM software on the target PC and create a Request file.
Dependent on the license type (node locked or floating) install CLM Local or CLM Server
software and follow the steps of offline license transfer.
22 Leica XPro
License setup
Figure 2-18: Offline license transfer
Figure 2-19: Activate licenses offline
Insert the Start file
Create a Request file and save it to a portable storage device, e.g. a USB stick.
3. Get Response file

Transfer the Request file via a portable storage device, e.g. a USB stick, to a computer or other
device with an internet connection and request Leica Geosystems for a Response file via e-mail.
User Manual 23
Save the activation Request file as an attachment to the e-mail and send the e-mail to
[email protected]
The offline activation Response file will be sent back to your e-mail address.
Save the Response file to a portable storage device, e.g. a USB stick.
4. Process Response file

Transfer the Response file via a portable storage device, e.g. a USB stick, back to the target PC
and process the Response file in CLM software. License will be activated and the application
software is ready to use.
Application setup If no license is activated or the server is not defined for floating license a message window
appears after starting the software product: No valid basic license found.
Depending on the application either
a license configuration dialogue appears
or
an executable is used to specify on the application machine the name of the Local License
Server name or address (in case of floating licenses)
or
as in Leica XPro - the SW installation wizard asks user to specify the Local License Server,
the setting is saved and can be redefined in the xpro.ini file.
License settings in the software product

Start the software product, accept the message No valid basic license found. The application
preference or similar window will open.
24 Leica XPro
License setup
Figure 2-20: Example: Z/I Imaging & Leica Geosystems Products Application
Preferences, Tab License settings
Select the radio button of the option which corresponds to your license type.
In case of Floating License enter the license server name
If the software product is running on the same machine as the Local License Server, enter
@localhost
In all other case enter either
the server name
or
the IP address of the local server
with typing @ as first character

Examples:
@CHPETER
@10.10.0.5
License update Without valid software maintenance the upgrade is not free of charge. An order for the upgrade
is required. The deliverable for this order is a subsequent item to the existing Entitlement.
User Manual 25
Activation of this item is equal as activation of a new license. See "Using Node Locked
licenses" on page 12 or "Using Floating licenses" on page 16.
Node Locked Licenses

For node locked licenses use the CLM Local software to check the expiration date of Software
Maintenance.
Figure 2-21: CLM Local Software
Floating Licenses
For floating licenses use the CLM Server software to check the expiration date of Software
Maintenance.
Figure 2-22: CLM Server Software
26 Leica XPro
License setup
Re-hosting Depending on the license model, a license can be returned to the Leica Geosystems License
Server (FNO) and re-hosted to another machine.
Re-hosting, as extended licensing functionality, is available only for registered customers.
Node Locked Licenses

Re-host is used to transfer a node locked license from application machine A to Application
machine B
To re-host proceed as follows
1. Start CLM Local software on application machine A
2. Select page View installed licenses
3. Select an Entitlement to be returned
4. Click Return Licenses
5. Activate the Entitlement on the application machine B.

See "Using Node Locked licenses" on page 12.
Floating Licenses
Re-host is used to transfer a floating license from the local license server machine A to the local
license server machine B
To re-host proceed as follows
1. Start CLM Server software on the local license server machine A
2. Select View Installed licenses
3. Select view: Entitlements
4. Check the Entitlement you want to return
5. Select Return licenses
6. Confirm Continue
7. Activate the Entitlement on the local server machine B

See "Using Floating licenses" on page 16
User Manual 27
Necessary for ADS80 data is captured to MM80.

MM80 connection - The following parts have to be available for connecting 2 MM80 Mass Memories to the
for ADS80 data workstation:
2x 776572 - MM80 download adapter with cable, 2 m
2x 763812 - Power Supply Set MM80 for data download
1x 763937 - SAS Host Bus Adapter, PCIe Bus (LSI SAS3442E-R)
Including:
- 777426 - SAS Host Bus Card, PCIe Bus
- 767993 - Slot Cover
- 767994 - Internal SAS cable
Mounting the adapter
1. Mount the HBA Adapter with slot cover and internal SAS cable in a PC to a free PCIe slot.
2. Attach power supply sets and download adapter to the PC.
Necessary for ADS100 data is captured to MM30.

MM30 connection -
for ADS100 data
MM30 Download Station

The download station is used to copy the image and flight data from the MM30 to a post
processing computer with eSATA controller.
- Article #784797, MM30 Download Station with eSATA port
Two MM30 can be inserted and powered simultaneously.
Figure 2-23: MM30 Download Station
Instructions how to use the Download Station are given in the Users Guide delivered with the
MM30 Download Station.
28 Leica XPro
Starting Leica XPro
eSATA controller card is required to connect the MM30 Download Station to a computer:
- Article #790732, eSATA Controller card for Desktop PC, 4 x eSATA cables included
or
- Article #785918, eSATA Controller card for Notebook, with cable
Instructions how to install the cards are given in the corresponding Users Guide delivered with
the cards.
Due to the high risk of accidentally deleting the flight data it is not recommended to use
the HighPoint RAID Management Software to handle the MM30 Download Station. It is
more preferred using Windows OS means for disk connections.
Workstation would have to be shut down before disconnecting MM30.
In case still using the HighPoint RAID Management Software, then please do not press
Yes for the initialization message which pops up while connecting MM30 - unless the
data on MM30 will be deleted.
Starting Leica Start Leica XPro with selecting from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Leica XPro or
XPro click to the Leica XPro Shortcut on Desktop.
XPro toolbar is launched with listing the XPro applications from left to right according to the
sequence in workflow.
Figure 2-24: XPro Toolbar
User Manual 29
Application names are displayed by moving mouse over the toolbar:

Downloader
Data Preparation
QC Viewer
Block Preparation
Measurement
Triangulation
Product Generator
Rectifier Monitor
Minifier
30 Leica XPro
Chapter 3
Data Download for ADS80
Introduction Downloader software module is performing the first step of ADS80 ground processing
workflow. After this the data processing can continue with using whether Leica GPro or Leica
XPro software.
ADS80 Downloader gives a captured Mass Memory data overview and executes data extraction
or data replication to a user defined repository.
XPro v5.1 and later have new option to skip the Data Download step and to use the raw MM80
data in the workflow from Data Preparation to Product Generation. Further description of this
workflow is provided in Data Preparation Workflow .
ADS100 data is captured to MM30 and the Data Download step is always skipped. ADS100
workflow starts with Data Preparation step.
Preparation for Data storage on MM80 is performed whether in Single Operation, Joint Operation or Backup
download Operation modes. Dependent on the MM80 storage mode selected for data capture one or both
MM80-s have to be attached to the download workstation.
Additional information about the data storage modes is provided in Leica ADS80 User Manual.
Attach the MM80-s to the MM80 download adapter
Open an Explorer, right click on MyComputer and select "Manage"
Select Disk Management
Wait some seconds until the disks are recognized by the system
There should be 6 Dynamic Disks (for 2 MM80-s) which can be Reactivated or,
alternatively, Foreign Disks which can be Imported .
DO NOT CLICK "Convert to Basic Disk" - all data would be lost on the MM80
Check that an usable drive letter gets assigned after the reactivation / import
User Manual 31
Figure 3-1: Reactivate Offline Disks
Figure 3-2: Import Foreign Disks
Access rights to MM
Download process requires that user has write access to the Mass Memory - writing permission
is necessary for Index file.
When attaching an MM to workstation with Windows 7 OS then the user has to be owner of the
disk and has to gain write access to the Index file.
In case the Mass Memory is formatted with FCMS 3.22 or greater, then the access rights for the
volume are already set to allow access for everyone.
There is no need to format the MM80 before each flight.
32 Leica XPro
Data download
Data download Start the Downloader program with selecting from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro >
Downloader or click to the Downloader button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 3-3: Start Download
Figure 3-4: Downloader window
Create / select Repository has to be pointed out into which the data download will be performed.
Repository Click Create New Repository button on the Destination line. Browse the location and type in
the repository name for creating a new repository.
Alternatively, click Attach existing Repository button on the Destination line in case the
existing repository is intended to be used for the download.
Created repository folders carry the extension .xpro.
Select data for Data for download and download options have to be picked after creating and selecting the
download repository.
Select download operation mode from Operation selection box:
- Store and Extract - for performing copy of session on MM80 to the repository; copy
is followed by data extraction to the repository
- Store only - for performing copy of session on MM80 to the repository
User Manual 33
- Extract only - for performing data extraction to the repository.
Select the Mass Memory location from which the data will be downloaded by clicking the icon
behind the MM field.
Browse to the Mass Memory location and Open the MMVolume.xml.
The selection process is the same for the real MM80 connected to the workstation and as well
for the previously copied Mass Memory data location.
There can be several sessions captured to one Mass Memory.

Select the session from which you wish to download the data by using the Session selection box.
Figure 3-5: Select data for download
Once the session is selected the view gets filled with listing the takes captured during the
particular session.
34 Leica XPro
Data download
All the takes from the session appear as activated for download. Click the check boxes for
deselecting/reselecting the takes.
Selection button for CCDs in the lower left corner of the ADS80 Downloader main window
opens the dialog for selecting image bands for download.
All the image bands appear as activated for download. Click the check boxes for
deselecting/reselecting the image bands.
Figure 3-6: Select Image Bands dialog
Click OK for confirming the image band selection and closing the dialog.
Image compression selection box in the bottom of the Downloader main window offers the
following choices:
- Decompress data
- Do not change compression
Note: For downloading the data for Leica GPro workflow the option has to be set to
Decompress data. GPro is not able to handle the compressed images from ADS80.
Check box for Extract GNSS/IMU Data in the bottom of the Downloader main window offers
the option to perform the image and GNSS/IMU data extraction separately.
Commonly, GNSS/IMU data is always selected for the extraction as it is required for
georeferencing the images in the later stage of ADS data processing.
Start download Click Start Download button in the lower right corner of the Downloader main window in
order to perform the download.
User Manual 35
Progress of the download process can be observed in the download Progress window.
Figure 3-7: Download Progress window
Downloaded data Data is downloaded to the repository into the workspace folder.
Workspace contains Session folder, where for each downloaded session the following data is
extracted:
- gps-imu - folder containing the raw GNSS-IMU data and additional folders ready to
use for GNSS-IMU processing,
- images - folder containing ADS80 images and camera time (CT) files,
- mm - folder containing the copy of Mass Memory data in case the Store option has
been selected; folder is containing as well FPES fight planning and evaluation data,
- raw - folder containing info and support files related to the downloaded images.
Split raw files

In case the MM80-s have been exchanged in the flight session, then the session is on two or
more MM raw files. The name of raw file will then reflect that it is a successor of another file
(20090909075340_FlightData.raw, 20090909075340_A_FlightData.raw,
20090909075340_B_FlightData.raw, etc).
The exchange in the air is performed between the flight lines while the image recording is off.
While the user swaps the MM then the GNSS-IMU data recording is buffered and not
interrupted.
Downloader treats each split session MM raw file as if it were from an independent flight.
Thus for GNSS-IMU processing the separately downloaded GNSS-IMU raw file parts would
have to be copied together into one folder.
IPAS Pro and IPAS TC can handle multiple input files for extract - the extensions of the
subsequent GNSS-IMU raw files would have to be renamed as .000, .001, .002, etc.
36 Leica XPro
Data download
Disconnect MM80 Before detaching MM80 from workstation press the Disconnect MM button.
Note: Disconnect MM button has to be used before detaching MM80 in order to avoid
inconsistencies in file system.
Figure 3-8: Select Disconnect MM
The Disconnect MM dialog window opens with asking to specify the device to disconnect.
Figure 3-9: Disconnect MM window
User Manual 37
After selecting the device and clicking OK please wait for the next dialog message before
disconnecting the MM cable.
Figure 3-10: MM cable ready to disconnect
The confirmation message is displayed after the remove is complete.
Figure 3-11: MM removed confirmation
38 Leica XPro
Chapter 4
Data Preparation
Data Preparation Data Preparation is a tool for data validation and for image georeferencing.
Overview Data Preparation is the first step of data ingestion into the Leica XPro system. It ties together
the various bits of information that were created as separate files on the airborne system. Data
Preparation uses for input the data whether from GPro download step (ADS40 data) or from
ADS80 download step. XPro v5.1 and later have new option to skip the ADS80 Data Download
step and to use the raw MM80 data in the workflow from Data Preparation to Product
Generation.
Data from ADS100 at MM30 is always accessed without Data Download step. Data Preparation
is the first ground processing step for ADS100 data.
Data Preparation combines a number of different steps into one user interface. These steps and
tools are:
ct transformation - transforms the ct (camera time) file for each band into a ctg file
(camera time in GPS time system). It is done by interpolating within the TM (time mark)
file. In addition, integrity of ct files is checked.
eop generation - creates initial exterior orientation file (eop files) for each Take. The
values are obtained by applying a number of coordinate transforms and interpolation
within the orientation data delivered by the GNSS/IMU system. In addition, integrity of
TM files is checked.
GNSS-IMU real-time trajectory extraction - extracts and uses optionally the GNSS-
IMU real-time trajectory, in case the post processed trajectory is not available
footprint generation - creates footprints (fpt files) for each image band by using a sensor
model and running image-to-ground with a rough global elevation model (gTopo).
pyramid generation - creates image pyramid levels (minifications) for L0 images.
statistics generation - creates image statistics files for use with other XPro software
components (radiometric corrections).
Quick L2 Overview generation - creates optionally RGB Quick L2 Overview images

with using the orientation form direct georeferencing. Using this option requires Product
Generation licenses.
User Manual 39
Data Preparation
ADS100 data on MM30 The MM (Mass Memory) for ADS100 will no longer consist of a software raid. Instead Leica
FlightPro will spread the data across an array of disks. This has the advantage that the MM can
be handled as simple disks, not requiring any specific drivers or operating system support - the
disks of the MM30 appear as normal drives in the Windows Operating System and each disk
will have its own drive letter.
One MM30 consists of n disks and there can be m MM-s. At the moment the CU is physically
capable of working with 4 disks.
The MM-s support 2 different modes of operation:
- Joint
- Back up
And there is in addition the hot-swap mode of operation, which can be used with any of the 2
modes of operation mentioned above. Leica FlightPro will automatically rename the session
folders on the swapped MM30-s. And the flightdata.xml file contains information about the
continued file on the next pair of MM30-s.
Joint Operation
In joint mode the recorded data is spread across all available disks. Some data is duplicated and
other is unique:
- There is exactly one file containing the per image data (like TIF file, ct files, ...)
- GNSS-IMU data exists exactly on one of the n disks
- All other meta data (including Flightdata.xml) exist on exactly one disk
- The whole directory structure exists n times
Back up Operation
In back up mode the data is spread across the disks of one MM (like in joint mode) but the whole
MM is duplicated. Thus making it possible to recover data in the case of a disk error.
There will be an entry in mmvolume.xml of flightdata.xml to mark the system as running in
back up mode.
Meta data files

This is the list of additional per session meta data files.
- <SessionName>_FlightData.xml
- <SessionName>_FlightPlan.fpd
- <SessionName>_LogData.mdb
- <SessionName>_RTMsg.txt
- <SessionName>_SystemDesc.xml
- Radiometric calibration files
- <SessionName>_Ipas.dat
- <something>.PDC
40 Leica XPro
Data Preparation Workflow
Using the Flight data in Data Preparation

Data Preparation supports three folder layouts. The selectable folder is the one that the user
selects in Data Preparation.
- One drive per MM, each with one Session folder - the regular setup
- One Session folder containing 4 folders (MM1, ..., MM4)
- Four folders (MM1,...,MM4) each containing the Session folder
Data Preparation Start the Data Preparation from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Data Preparation
Workflow or click to the Data Preparation button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 4-1: Start Data Preparation
Using raw MM data in XPro v5.1 and later have new option to skip the ADS80 Download step and to use the raw
workflow MM80 data in the workflow.
Users who have selected to use ADS80 Downloader and have already the Sessions with the raw
downloaded images on the processing environment, should skip the instructions in Select
Flight on MM and should work further from step Select Session .
The raw MM data can be processed from MM directly or from the copy of MM Flight located
in the network / drive.
MM data is used as read only.
Information for connecting the MM to the processing workstation can be found at Preparation
for download .
For disconnecting the MM80 follow the instructions in Disconnect MM80 .
The main difference in using the MM80 data in the workflow is about creating the Session by
Data Preparation and not by ADS80 Downloader.
The step of creating the Session in Data Preparation is described in Select Flight on MM .
For further steps, starting from Select Session , the workflow with the raw MM80 data and
the workflow with the downloaded raw images are similar.
The process of creating Session from MM80 raw data in Data Preparation includes:
creating a new Session folder, according to the pre-defined Session name in the Data
Preparation Settings
creating mm sub-folder with writing the location of the raw MM80 into it
(yyyymmddhhmmss_FlightData.raw.xml file).
User Manual 41
Data Preparation
extracting the GNSS-IMU raw file and also the GNSS-IMU real-time solution into the
gps-imu sub-folder
creating the references of raw image files (.rds) into the images sub-folder, according to
the pre-defined Image name in the Data Preparation Settings
creating .info files into the raw sub-folder
Leica XPro v5.2 and later can take the benefit from using the additional data prepared on MM80
by the newer versions of FCMS during the flight mission.
FCMS v3.38 and later prepare during the Index file generation the following data, in order to
minimize XPro data preparation time:
- GNSS-IMU realtime solution file
- GNSS-IMU raw file
- TM (Time Mark) file
- CT (Camera Time) files
Select Flight on MM Data Preparation opens with the dialog window offering to browse the location of the Flight
folder on MM.
Figure 4-2: Open MM Flight
Select the Flight folder on MM or select the copy of MM Flight located in the network / drive.
42 Leica XPro
Figure 4-3: Select Flight on MM
Select the location on processing workstation or in network to where the new Session will be
created.
Figure 4-4: Select Session location
File naming of the images will be performed according the Data Preparation Settings.
Click Create Session.
User Manual 43
Data Preparation
After the Session has been created the further steps of the workflow with raw MM data are
similar to the workflow with downloaded images - Data Preparation performs the validation and
georeferencing as described on the next pages.
Select Session Select a Session folder. This a folder holding the raw downloaded data from a single Session (or
ADS40 Flight). This folder must contain at least the three sub folders "images" , "raw" and "gps-
imu". An error message will be displayed if no valid Session data is found in the selected folder.
Figure 4-5: Select Session
Data Preparation picks the proper sensor calibration file according to the sensor head number.
The location of the sensor calibration files is user defined in the xpro.ini initialization file.
Users can change the preset calibration location in the xpro.ini file in [Calibrations] section.
xpro.ini file is provided with XPro installation, usually at location C:\Program Files\Leica
Geosystems\XPro\.
Data Preparation displays the calibration file version description.
The processed GNSS-IMU trajectory with the extracted TM file have to be present in the
Sessions gps-imu proc and extract subfolders respectively.
In case there are multiple processed GNSS-IMU trajectory files, then user is asked to pick one
in the Data Preparation interface.
Extraction of GNSS-IMU real-time trajectory

In case user selects a Session for which the IPAS GNSS-IMU post-processing is not done yet,
then it would be possible in Data Preparation to extract the real-time solution and to use it for
image georeferencing.
Figure 4-6: Extraction of GNSS-IMU real-time trajectory
44 Leica XPro
Figure 4-7: Selected trajectory and calibration
Note that the accuracy of GNSS-IMU real-time solution is generally lower than of post-
processed. Real-time solutions are flagged with the red exclamation mark and the images
georeferenced with real-time solution are not supposed to be used for the further steps of Block
Preparation and Aerial Triangulation.
Run Session After selecting GNSS-IMU trajectory press Open button in order to start the Session
Validation validation.
User Manual 45
Data Preparation
Figure 4-8: Session validation
Session validation runs and reports Messages, Warnings and Errors, in case found.
Warning is displayed in case for some of the image bands the data is not found.
Angular velocity validation

Data Preparation analyses the roll and pitch angular velocity according to the GNSS-IMU
trajectory and displays a warning in case the velocity exceeds the preset value for a certain Take.
The default preset and recommended value is 2 deg/s.
Users can change the preset value in the xpro.ini file in [Validation] section. xpro.ini file is
provided with XPro installation, usually at location C:\Program Files (x86)\Leica
Geosystems\XPro\.
High angular velocity values point to turbulent image capturing conditions and let the user know
about the potential issues with the upcoming image rectification in the early stage of QC. The
georeferenced images from Data Preparation can be loaded into the QC Viewer with the L1 on-
the-fly rectification and validated visually.
Select Takes and Select the Takes to be processed. By default, all Takes will be prepared, as indicated by the
georeferencing checkbox in front of the corresponding Take.
options
46 Leica XPro
Figure 4-9: Take selection
Select the image bands to be georeferenced.
Figure 4-10: Image band selection
Image Pyramids and Statistics

Data Preparation offers ability to create L0 image pyramids and to collect image statistics for
use with QC Viewer and product generation.
Select Pyramids and Statistics check boxes in Data Preparation window respectively.
User Manual 47
Data Preparation
Image pyramids (minified images) are required for these L0 image bands which are
expected to be QC-d before the Product Generation in the QC Viewer with full swath of
the image.
Image Statistics has to be collected in order to be able to use the QC Viewer with the
certain correction options (Modified Chavez, Atmospheric Correction, BRDF)
For instance, in order to view for QC the full swath of Virtual L1 RGB with Atmospheric
Corrections it is required to create image pyramids and collect image statistics for Red,
Green and Blue L0 image bands.
For getting the advantage from the BRDF correction it is required that RED and also NIR
image band are worked through by the image statistics collection in Data Preparation, as
the water mask is calculated for BRDF correction.
The steps of APM, Triangulation and Rectification do not require preparing minifications
nor image statistics. In case the L1 or L2 product is expected with Atmospheric
Corrections then the Rectification itself is taking care of collecting the image statistics.
Still, in case the BRDF correction is intended to use for the L1 and L2 products then the
image statistics have to be collected in the DataPrep Minify tool (NIR image band is
required) before the Image Generation step.
APM step has option to avoid water bodies detected by Image Statistics calculation. Select
Statistics to be calculated in Data Preparation step in case it is intended that APM will use
this information in later stage.
DSM Extraction step requires image pyramids for the input image bands.
Quick L2 Overview creation

Data Preparation has option for creating orthorectified L2 RGB overviews per take.
The settings for the Quick L2 Overview images creation can be set in Data Preparation
Settings .
The created Quick L2 Overview images are maintained as part of the Session information.
Drawing is supported on Quick L2 Overview images after loading the Session in QC Viewer.
48 Leica XPro
Figure 4-11: Quick L2 Overview creation
Footprints and centre lines

Data Preparation creates footprint- and centre line shape files for the selected Takes. Users have
option to browse the location of output folder for the shape files. Otherwise the shape files will
be created into the Session folder.
Figure 4-12: Shape file location selection
Update Georeferencing Only

The option to update only georeferencing for the selection of Takes is useful for the cases when
user decides to run Data Preparation for the second time with the improved e.g. post-processed
GNSS-IMU solution. It could be that the first run has been done with including the Quick L2
Overview products and the reference to these is beneficial to retain in the already existing Strip
(.stp) files. Reference to the Quick L2 in the Strip files is helpful for viewing the images when
Session is loaded into the QC Viewer.
Update Georeferencing Only requires existing Strip files.
User Manual 49
Data Preparation
Figure 4-13: Update Georeferencing Only
Data Preparation Data Preparation Settings window can be opened from File > Settings menu.
Settings
General settings
Settings are provided for whether to run the process locally or on cluster.
Users can define in settings the default folder location into which new Sessions are created.
Figure 4-14: Data Preparation Settings window
50 Leica XPro
Statistics Parameters
Statistics Parameters define the image statistics collection settings.
Water NDVI value is taken into account for collecting the water mask information required for
BRDF corrections. The default value is -0.1. With raising the value from -0.1 towards 0 there
will be less water-like pixels included while calculating the statistics. In cases the data set
includes many bright pixels (e.g. from reflections), then it is suggested to raise the value to 0.
Lowering the value to -0.2 would make sense when the images in the data set include large
percentage of water bodies i.e. have many dark pixels.
Figure 4-15: Settings - Statistics Parameters
Statistics settings window offers option for creating histograms from the collected statistics
information in .PNG or in .CSV format.
Histogram files are created to the Session folder or to the folder defined by the user.
Histogram information will be created only for these image bands, which are selected for
'Statistics' in the DataPrep main window ( Image Pyramids and Statistics ).
Pyramids settings
Settings window offers option to define the location for the L0 image pyramids.
Figure 4-16: Settings - Pyramids
User Manual 51
Data Preparation
Quick L2 Overviews settings

Settings window includes the settings for Quick L2 Overviews. The target location folder and
the coordinate system would have to be selected.
User has option to define other GSD than the nominal one for the Quick L2 Overviews.
Figure 4-17: Settings - Quick L2 Overviews
Session- and Image file naming settings

Data Preparation Settings interface provides options to configure Session and Image file
naming. The Name Fields can be switched On/Off and can be moved up/down to ensure the
preferred resulting Session and Image name.
Session- and Image file naming settings are applied for the cases when processing the raw
MM80 data directly.
The naming settings do not impact the data while performing the Data Preparation to the
already downloaded Session.
52 Leica XPro
Figure 4-18: Settings - Session Naming
User Manual 53
Data Preparation
Figure 4-19: Settings - Image File Naming
Run image Click Process button in order to start the image georeferencing process.
georeferencing Data Preparation asks the confirmation - in case the georeferecing exists from the previous runs,
then it will be overwritten.
Figure 4-20: Confirm overwrite
54 Leica XPro
Figure 4-21: Image georeferencing process
User Manual 55
Data Preparation
Figure 4-22: Data Preparation completed
Data Preparation saves the log file into the Session folder.
Output data Data Preparation outputs:

*.stp file (one per take)
*.eop file (one per take)
*.fpt file (one per image band)
*.ctg file (one per image band)
*.shp files for take centre lines and footprints
EOP Export Tool EOP Export Tool is offered for converting the L0 image orientation into the format usable
outside the Leica XPro workflow, for the SW packages with ADS sensor model. EOP Export
Tool converts .eop orientation to .odf and updates the L0 .sup files according to the output folder
which the user selects.
The tool is not required for Leica XPro workflow as all the XPro applications take the image
orientation from .eop files.
EOP Export Tool is not suitable for converting the adjusted orientation (.eop.adj) after the XPro
Triangulation step.
56 Leica XPro
Start the EOP Export Tool by double-clicking the eop2odf.exe in the Leica XPro installation
folder (usually at location C:\Program Files (x86)\Leica Geosystems\XPro\).
EOP Export Tool requires Leica XPro installation, but does not require any XPro SW license.
Figure 4-23: Start EOP Export Tool
EOP Export dialog window asks user to select the Session for export and to browse the Output
Directory for .odf and .sup files.
Figure 4-24: EOP Export window
Click Export for starting the export process.
User Manual 57
Data Preparation
58 Leica XPro
Chapter 5
QC Viewer
QC Viewer QC (Quality Control) Viewer is used to display any image in the supported formats of TIFF,
Overview ADS image with TIFF blocks, RDS and LRI.
One of the main uses of QC Viewer is to quickly validate the quality of downloaded images for
cloud coverage, reflections, etc.
The viewer can as well load a block file and display the images in that block using the sensor
model. This allows viewing and moving the images using ground coordinates instead of image
pixel locations. In this case the images are rotated to North up, East right.
QC Viewer Smooth roaming of any image in the supported formats of TIFF, ADS image with TIFF
Features blocks, RDS and LRI.
Support for 1, 2, 3, or 4 band images. Up to 3 bands can be viewed at a time and can be
rearranged in different orders.
Support for L1 on-the-fly (OTF) rectified images. Users can load a Session with
georeferenced L0 images - while selecting L1 mode in QC Viewer the images are displayed
with OTF L1 rectification. This feature allows viewing the RGB and FCIR for QC without
the need for rectifying the products on the disk.
Support for 8 bit and 16 bit images.
Support for using minification levels when viewing an image. Minification levels must be
generated before using the QC Viewer. The existing/missing pyramid levels are indicated
by the pyramid symbol in the QC Viewer.
Dynamically stretches the brightness of the currently viewed area of the image. Update is
performed as the view is moved. Additionally, user can adjust the minimum and maximum
percentage and offset to use for the stretch.
Allows for loading of a block or strip file which allows for viewing and moving the imagery
in ground space using the sensor model.
Allows viewing footprints of the images when the session or the block of image takes is
loaded.
Provides a continuous movement mode which causes the view to move down at a certain
rate.
Allows multiple images in a block or in a session to be loaded in a synchronized viewing

mode.
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Provides option for viewing cross-eyed stereo
Allows drawing and exporting polygons
Measuring length and area while drawing polygons
Allows importing and viewing existing shape files as Overlay
Provides a histogram view per each band of the image.
Offers creating Radiometric Profiles in Image Adjustment window for the later use in
Product Generation.
Allows copying the text on the QC Viewer status bar to the clipboard for pasting.
Offers viewing an image synchronized Orientation Plot
QC Viewer requires a 3D video card that supports OpenGL version 2.0 or greater.
QC Viewer requires a 3D video card that supports 16 bit texture formats. Image Viewer
has the function for disabling the use of 16 bit textures, which would solve the issues for
the video cards not providing this support, but this degrades viewer output quality.
QC Viewer requires minification levels to be generated before viewing the image.
QC Viewer Start the QC Viewer from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > QC Viewer or click to the
Workflow QC Viewer button on the XPro toolbar.
Figure 5-1: Start QC Viewer
Selecting an image to On initial start up the image viewer will be blank. The user will need to click on the Open
view command item located on the command bar. Alternatively you can use the File menu and select
Open.
The Open File Dialog will then be presented in which the user can select a LRI, ADS, RDS or
TIF file from the list. Alternatively, user can change the "Files of type" filter to Blocks or Strips.
Loading a block or take will load the first image in that block or take. The remaining bands in
the block or take will be added to the image list.
Loading the session of image takes works from File > Open Session with pointing to the Session
folder containing the takes.
Users can switch the band that is displayed by clicking on a band in the image list and then
clicking "Load" in the image list's command bar.
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QC Viewer Workflow
Synchronized views of multiple bands or images in the block or take can be created. First the
user has to load a take or a block or multiple images with getting the image list populated. Then
with the Right mouse click onto the items in the images list user gets the option to load the
image into the left or right view.
The synchronized view will be removed with hitting the "-" button on the command bar.
Figure 5-2: QC Viewer
Status Information When an image is loaded the name of the file that was loaded will be displayed on the top
window bar. Also the X and Y coordinates for the center of the pixel under the center mark is
displayed in the bottom left status bar along with the Minfication/Magnification level.
Selecting DRA Settings form the Settings menu will open the window showing the Min
and Max threshold percentages which are used for the dynamic brightness stretch.
Brightness offset can be adjusted to increase or decrease the overall brightness of the image.
Checking in the Lock Brightness Changes box freezes the brightness settings for not changing
according to the image contents in the view.
While working with the split view, the pressing of buttons Left, Both or Right on the QC
Viewer toolbar defines to which view the change of the settings gets applied.
Clicking Both will apply the current settings of the Left view also to the Right view.
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Figure 5-3: Left, Both Right buttons
If a block or strip file are loaded then the x, y and z ground coordinates will be displayed along
with the line and sample coordinates of the image. The coordinate system will be displayed in
the bottom right. The coordinate system can be changed and the movement and display will
change to the new coordinate system.
Controls By selecting the "Control Settings" menu item from the "Settings" menu, you will bring up the
current control settings for both the mouse and keyboard. Currently only the mouse buttons can
be modified to perform different functions. Each button has a pull down list which allows any
mouse button to be mapped to a any of the allowed functions. The default keyboard shortcuts
are also shown. The current allowed functions are:
1) Restart Scroll - Sets the view window to the start of the image.
2) Start/Stop Scroll - Toggles the auto-scrolling of the image.
3) Stop Scroll - Stops the auto-scrolling of the image.
4) Increase Scroll Speed - Increases the speed of the auto-scroll.
5) Decrease Scroll Speed - Decreases the speed of the auto-scroll.
6) Toggle Cursor - Toggles the display of the center mark on the display.
7) Fit to window - Minimizes the image until the full width of the image fits into the view.
8) Go to coordinate - Pops up a dialog that allows you to select the x, y, z coordinate to go to.
9) Toggle smooth roam - Toggles moving the view using the movement of the mouse.
10) Increase Zoom - Increases the zoom by 2x magnification
11) Decrease Zoom - Decreases the zoom by 2x minification
12) Increase Z axis - Increase the z coordinate value.
13) Decrease Z axis - Decrease the z coordinate value.
14) Increase Brightness Max Cutoff - Increase the percentage used for the max cutoff.
15) Decrease Brightness Max Cutoff - Decrease the percentage used for the max cutoff.
16) Increase Brightness Min Cutoff - Increase the percentage used for the min cutoff.
17) Decrease Brightness Min Cutoff - Decrease the percentage used for the min cutoff.
18) Scroll View Down - Move the view down
19) Scroll View Up - Move the view up
20) Scroll View Left - Move the view left
21) Scroll View Right - Move the view right
22) Copy StatusBar Text - Copies the text on the QC Viewer status bar to the clipboard for
pasting
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QC Viewer Workflow
23) Draw Mode - Switches in and out the Drawing mode

24) Remove Polygon - Removes the polygon in Drawing mode
25) Add Point - Adds the vertex point to the polygon in Drawing mode
26) Polygon End - Ends and saves the polygon in Drawing mode
27) Cancel Polygon Drawing - Cancels the drawing of polygon in Drawing mode
28) Toggle between first three and last three bands of a 4 band image
Moving Around There are a number of ways to move around an image once it is loaded. The main way is to use
the mouse and to toggle the smooth roaming. By default the left mouse button will toggle
smooth roam. When smooth roam is enabled the system mouse cursor will be hidden and all
mouse movement will cause the view to move in the same direction. To disable the smooth roam
just click the left mouse button again and smooth roam will be disabled.
The next way to move is to use the auto-scroll feature. The auto-scroll is controlled by the play,
stop and rewind buttons on the main control bar. There is also a slider that controls the speed of
the scroll. Hitting the play button will start the scroll and hitting the stop will stop it. The slider
can be changed while the scroll is active. Also using the "Page Up" and "Page Down" keys on
the keyboard will increase or decrease the speed respectively.
The last way to move around is to use the arrow keys on the keyboard. Up will move the view
up, down moves down, left to the left, and right to the right.
If minifications are available the viewer can be zoomed out to show a minified view of the
image. By default the mouse wheel controls the zoom of the viewer. To magnify the image roll
the wheel forward. To minify the image roll the wheel backwards.
When a block or strip file are loaded the sensor model will be used. All movement will be based
on the ground coordinates of the take being viewed. Images will be displayed with North to the
top of the screen and East to the right. Movements left or right will change the x ground
coordinate and movements up or down will change the y coordinate.
Image pyramids The availability of image pyramids for the loaded image is indicated by the pyramid icon in the
availability lower right corner of the QC Viewer.
Available pyramids allow zooming out of the loaded image in the viewer.
Users can switch on the Analyze Sessions and images for existing minifications check box
from Settings > Performance Settings. The check box enables the option of flagging the
missing image pyramids for the images in the product list with the icon.
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QC Viewer
Figure 5-4: List of selectable image products
Toggle image bands While viewing 4-band images the image bands can be toggled easily with the toggle button on
the QC Viewer bar.
Figure 5-5: Image Bands Toggle Button
The settings of which of the image bands are toggled can be defined under Settings > Band
Toggle Settings.
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QC Viewer Workflow
Figure 5-6: Image Bands Toggle Settings
Toggle image zoom User has option to toggle the zoom level of image or images in case working with split view.
level
Figure 5-7: Toggle image zoom level
Zoom levels can be redefined in the Image Display Settings window from Settings menu.
Zoom level toggle honours the Left, Both, Right button selection while working with split
view.
Viewing cross-eyed Users can load the L1 on-the-fly rectified images to the split screen and view cross-eyed stereo
stereo for QC.
Open Image Display Settings window from Settings menu.
Figure 5-8: L1 Alignment in Image Display Settings
Change the L1 Alignment from North Up to Stereo or to Stereo Right. Stereo Right
setting aligns the images always by turning from North up to the clockwise direction - to the
right. Alignment settings are explained on the drawing below.
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Figure 5-9: L1 Alignment settings for Cross-eyed Stereo
Images have to be reloaded for the alignment change to take place.
Histograms View The viewer can display the histogram of the luminance of the image being viewed. For starting
the histograms view open the Image Adjustment window (View->Image Adjustment) and click
the Histograms View button on the upper right corner.
Figure 5-10: Start Histograms view
The histogram displays a graph of luminance value per image band.
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QC Viewer Workflow
Users can change between viewing in the composite or individual bands mode by clicking to
the coloured buttons below the histogram view respectively.
Auto button scales the histogram view automatically according to the input image histogram.
Alternative to automatic scale is to select a certain bit depth range by typing in the number: 12,
14 or other.
Figure 5-11: Histograms View
Users can zoom in the histogram view with drawing the zoom-in rectangle by mouse. Zoom
out is performed by double mouse click.
Drawing QC Viewer has the ability to draw and export closed polygons.
The polygons are representing a type of object that covers an area - for example: clouds,
reflections, disaster regions, etc.
Each polygon can be grouped and named.
A typical workflow for Drawing
Open a Session and load an Image
Open the Drawing View
Switch the cursor to Roaming Mode
Start Drawing Mode
Draw polygons
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Export polygons

The drawing abilities of the viewer are available in a Session only.
After starting the QC Viewer go to File>Open Session and select the session you wish to work
with. Load an Image from the Session.
Figure 5-12: Open Session
Open the Drawing View

To make the Drawing View visible press the Drawing button on toolbar
or open the view from View > Drawing.
Figure 5-13: Open Drawing View
Drawing View opens with showing the drawing tooltip and the two tabs for drawing parameters
and for export/delete tools respectively.
68 Leica XPro
QC Viewer Workflow
Figure 5-14: Drawing View
Switch to Roaming Mode by Left clicking on the image.
Drawing Mode
Hit the 'D' key for starting the Drawing Mode.
Cursor shape change and drawing tooltip indicate that you are in the Draw Mode.
The other QC Viewer actions remain available - zoom in/out and roam in the image are enabled.
In Drawing Mode each of the Left mouse click is converted into the insertion of a new vertex
of polygon.
The Drawing Mode provides automatic incrementing of the polygon Names - this enables
drawing multiple polygons without leaving the Drawing Mode. The type of Object stays in
Drawing Mode unchanged.
Hit the 'D' key for leaving the Drawing Mode.
Drawing polygons
Left mouse click in the Drawing Mode inserts a vertex of a polygon.
Close the polygon by clicking the Right mouse button. The polygon gets saved to the Session
with the name and the object type chosen.
The Drawing is automatically handling the names of the polygons. By default the name of a
polygon is Poly_ followed by a counter. The incrementing is automatic when finishing a
polygon. The name and type displayed in the Drawing View will be taken for the polygon you
are going to draw or which you have already started to draw.
The automatic naming strategy uses the pattern name given by the user and increments it by a
counter.
You still have the possibility to change the polygon parameters before closing the polygon by
leaving the Drawing Mode and the Roaming Mode. Enter the correct parameter value(s) and
continue the drawing by getting back to the Drawing Mode afterwards.
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QC Viewer
Figure 5-15: Drawing polygons
In order to cancel the unfinished polygon drawing press Esc key.
In order to delete a polygon go in Drawing Mode with the cursor into the polygon area and press
ALT+E.
Alternatively, users have an option to define a mouse key for deleting polygons. Go to the QC
Viewer menu Setting>Control Settings and define Remove Polygon to the mouse middle
button, for instance.
In case of pointing to the overlap area of multiple polygons, ALL polygons will be removed.
Drawing View provides ability to delete multiple polygons from the Session in one go.
Tools tab of the Drawing View lists the filter by the object types. Hitting Delete will remove
all the polygons from the Session according to the object types checked in the filter.
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QC Viewer Workflow
Figure 5-16: Drawing View Tools tab
Measuring length and area

QC Viewer supports measuring area and length in Drawing mode.
Length of an uncompleted polygon is displayed in status bar in Drawing mode and updated in
real-time for finished vectors.
Area is displayed in status bar by moving mouse over the closed polygon in Roam mode or in
Drawing mode and hitting "i" or "I" on the keyboard.
In case the cursor is within in the area of multiple overlapping polygons, then the area displayed
is the sum of the polygon areas.
Area and length are displayed in the units of Coordinate System (for Geographic metres is
used).
Copy and paste of the status bar information is supported.
Exporting polygons
Tools tab of the Drawing View lists the filter by the object types. Hitting Export will export
all the polygons from the Session into ESRI shape file format according to the object types
checked in the filter.
Select a location to where the shape files would be exported.
Type a name related to the project or session. The Export tool exports all the selected object
types in file, named as following:
<Name typed while exporting>.shp
Configuring the Drawing

User can configure the object types and colours used in Drawing.
The xpro.ini file is provided with XPro installation, usually at location C:\Program Files
(x86)\Leica Geosystems\XPro\.
The entry [FeatureDrawing] in xpro.ini file provides the way for setting the preferred object
types and colours for the Drawing. Edit the objecttypelist row manually with respecting the
separators. The configured list will be used by the start of the QC Viewer.
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QC Viewer
Figure 5-17: Configuring Drawing
Overlay QC Viewer offers an option to import and view existing shape files as Overlay.
Open the Import Overlay dialog from File > Import Overlay.
Figure 5-18: Import Overlay
Coordinate system of Shape files is defined in the .prj file, which usually accompanies the .shp
file.
In addition to WGS84 Geographic also UTM and Grid State Plane (both in 2D) Coordinate
Systems are supported.
In case the .prj file is missing then QC Viewer assumes WGS84 Geographic while loading the
Overlay.
Overlay can be switched On/Off from View > Overlays.
Figure 5-19: Toggle Overlay for viewing
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QC Viewer Workflow
Overlay is not persisted for the viewing session - user needs to reload the Overlay every
time after restarting the QC Viewer.
Image Adjustment QC Viewer offers tools for creating Radiometric Profiles in Image Adjustment window for the
later use in Product Generation. Radiometric Profile captures the settings user selects in the QC
Viewer with virtual products and ensures the same radiometric properties for the 16-bit and 8-
bit products which are rectified to a disk.
A typical workflow for Image Adjustment
Open a Session and load an Image - usually a virtual (on-the-fly) L1 RGB or NRGB
Open the Image Adjustment view
Adjust the image
For 4-band image product - switch the image display settings to the other set of 3 bands and
verify/adjust the Radiometric Profile
Save the Radiometric Profile

The full functionality of Radiometric Profile creation is available in a Session only.
Adjusting Input Levels and Gamma works also for images loaded into the QC Viewer as not
part of the Session, but in these cases the saving of Radiometric Profiles is not supported.
After starting the QC Viewer go to File>Open Session and select the session you wish to work
with. Load an Image from the Session - usually a virtual (on-the-fly) L1 RGB or NRGB.
As the process of adjusting the image would require viewing the full swath of image take, then
the Pyramids from Data Preparation step would have to be available for the image bands.
In case the atmospheric and BRDF corrections are intended to use, then the image Statistics
from Data Preparation step would have to be available for the image bands.
The type of atmospheric correction which user selects while loading the image into the QC
Viewer will be saved into the Radiometric Profile.
Open the Image Adjustment view

To make the Image Adjustment view visible press the Image Adjustment button on toolbar
or open the view from View->Image Adjustment.
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QC Viewer
Figure 5-20: Open Image Adjustment View
Image Adjustment window opens with loading the histograms per image band and performing
the Auto Scale adjustment for the Input Levels.
While working with Image Adjustment the Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA) in the image
view is automatically switched Off.
Adjust the image

Image Adjustment view allows user to adjust shadows and highlights by setting the input levels
(Min and Max) for darker and lighter area and by changing the Gamma value in the middle.
Settings can be done whether by moving the points on the histogram view or by changing the
values numerically.
For more detailed adjustments users have option to select from the pull-down menu Linear or
Spline mode instead of Gamma.
Auto button scales the histogram view automatically according to the input image histogram.
Alternative to automatic scale is to select a certain bit depth range by typing in the number: 12,
14 or other.
Users can zoom in the histogram view with drawing the zoom-in rectangle by mouse. Zoom
out is performed by double mouse click.
Reset button in the upper right corner of the Image Adjustment view sets back to linear the
changes done for the composite tone curve and/or for the curves of individual image bands.
Image curve adjustment works whether for composite image or for individual image bands.
Users can change between working in the composite or individual bands mode by clicking to
the coloured buttons below the histogram view respectively.
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QC Viewer Workflow
Figure 5-21: Image Adjustment View
Infrared Scaling factor value is available for adjustment with FCIR and NRGB images. NIR
Factor changes the intensity of NIR compared to the other image bands.
Sharpening option can be selected - whether mild-sharp, middle-sharp or strong-sharp.
Save button opens the dialog window for saving the Radiometric Profile file. The file name is
proposed according to the Take and Image - the naming is helpful for further use of profiles in
Product Generation.
Load button, in the lower left corner of the Image Adjustment window, loads and applies the
already saved Radiometric Profile file for the currently loaded image. Loading the profile which
is saved from another Take works, only condition is that the existing Radiometric Profile has to
include the information for all the image bands of the loaded image. Loading of a 4-band
(NRGB) Radiometric Profile for a 3-band (RGB) image is supported, but not the other way
around. While loading the Radiometric Profile also the type of correction (Calibrated,
Atmospheric etc.) is read from the file and applied to the image in view.
Users can load also GPro .bpf TTC curves into the Image Adjustment view. The GPro .bpf
curves can be saved into the XPro Radiometric Profiles.
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Figure 5-22: Image Adjustment
The controls for panning and zooming in Image View remain active while working with Image
Adjustment view.
Toggle image bands and verify / adjust

In case the image adjustment is performed for a 4-band image, then toggle the image display to
the other set of 3 bands for the Radiometric Profile verification and adjustment.
Figure 5-23: Image Bands Toggle Button
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QC Viewer Workflow
Figure 5-24: Verify / adjust the profile with the other set of 3 image bands
While adjusting or validating the Radiometric Profile in the Left view, users have option to load
a neighbouring flight line image into the Right view with an already saved existing Radiometric
Profile as for comparison. Right mouse click to a Take in the list offers this option for image
loading.
Figure 5-25: Load to the Right view with Radiometric Profile
Save Radiometric Profile

After completing adjustment save the Radiometric Profile file (.xml) with clicking the Save
button and confirming the file name and location.
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The file name is proposed according to the Take and Image - the naming is helpful for further
use of profiles in Product Generation.
Orientation Plot QC Viewer Offers an image synchronized Orientation Plot.

Select View > EOP for opening the Orientation Plot.
Figure 5-26: Open Orientation Plot
In order to synchronize the Orientation Plot with the image in the loaded Session check in the
Sync with View box at the lower-right corner of the Orientation Plot.
In addition to the orientation information EOP View provides plots also for Scanline Data.
The values for Integration Time, Cycle Time and TDI Stage are displayed on the Scanline
Data plot.
Figure 5-27: Orientation Plot
78 Leica XPro
Chapter 6
Measurement
Measurement Measurement module is used to measure the tie points for tying the images from 3 different
Overview viewing angles of a take and as for tying the overlapping takes to each other. The measurement
of tie points can be executed as Automatic Point Matching or performed manually.
Measurement can be used as well for measuring Ground Control Points.
With Leica XPro v4.2 and higher the measurement functionality is alternatively offered from
the XPro Triangulation interface. With Leica XPro v4.4 and higher also the initial APM run can
be started from XPro Triangulation interface.
Thus starting from version 4.4 the Leica XPro workflow can be executed with skipping the
Measurement module.
Measurement
Features
Core functionality Core functionality of Measurement is listed as follows:
Selection of working block
Selection of bands to be measured
Block overview displaying
- footprints for all measured bands in all takes

- shaded relief colorized DSM
Measured points displaying
- list of points
- point statistics: number of measured/unmeasured control/tie points
- point location on top of block overview
- point ID
- type: control point or tie point
- measured / unmeasured state
- measurement information: number of measured image points / total number of
image points
- image views displaying
- all image points related to the current object point (control or tie)
- flight direction of each band
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- measured / unmeasured state

- master image flag
Importing/adding/deleting control/tie points
- control/tie points imported from: the legacy Measurement format, the control/tie
coordinate file (ASCII or XML format), IPF file
- tie points generated by APM module
- adding control/tie points in the block overview
- deleting control/tie points by
- single deletion
- regional deletion by defying a rectangle in the block overview window
Measuring points
- manual measurement by clicking the point in the image view

- updating the measurement information from previous measurement file
- auxiliary functions for manual measurement: auto measure, auto transfer, point-image
relationship check, etc
Adjusting points
- adjusting control points from a control coordinate file (ASCII or XML format)
- moving tie points in the block overview window
Measurement information export
- footprints as ESRI shape file

- block overview as image file
- control / object points coordinates
- image points in XML format / IPF format / IPT (XPro image point format )
Manipulation of view
- zoom in, zoom out, pan in block overview window and image views
- roaming in image views (single view or all views)
- image smoothing on/off in image views
- brightness control in image views
Input Data Measurement needs the block definition file (*.blf) created by Block Preparation.
This contains:
*.stp file (one per take)
*.eop file (one per take)
*.fpt file (one per band): used to determine the bounding box for rectification
*.ctg file (CT file in GPS time, one per band)
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Automatic Point Matching
*.sup/*.ads/*.tif/*.lri (raw L0 data)

*.tfw/*.tif (elevation source): DSM file is optional. Users have the choice to select elevation
source from: one of DSM file defined in the block; gTopo; or a constant elevation.
Output Data *.msf file contains a reference to its block file, the measured bands, and all point measurement
information.
Other files exported by user, such as:
- footprints as ESRI shape file
- block overview as image file
- control / object points coordinates file
- image points file in XML format / IPF format / IPT format
Automatic Point
Matching
APM Overview The ADSAPM module has been designed to optimize the automatic point matching task on
ADS imagery by taking advantage of the sensor's characteristics. Specifically, the APM
module uses and requires:
- A valid camera calibration
- Valid direct georeferencing information with known error characteristics
- Multi-view geometry
By using this information, the search algorithm can quickly zero in on the appropriate area in
the image. In the diagram below, a master point is selected; the georeferencing and camera
calibration allows us to choose a small area along the epi-polar line in an adjacent view of the
ground. By sampling the search area, a cross-correlation function results with having a
maximum value at the correct match point.
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Measurement
Figure 6-1: APM Overview
1. A series of 'seed' points are pre-computed on the master image using the pattern information.
2. The seed point areas are searched to find an interest point (a point with high contrast).
3. The interest point location, along with the minimum and maximum search elevations defines an
epipolar line (a geometrically constrained search area) in the target images. The area
perpendicular to the line can be searched by increasing the expected parallax value.
4. The search area is evaluated by performing a cross-correlation and difference computation on

each pixel.
5. The computation results are analyzed to pick the most likely match that meets your cutoff
specifications.
This contains the image information and image order (important to determine the 'master'
image)
This document assumes the user has access to an APM Settings file; and it will make references
to specific criteria in the following sections.
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Automatic Point Matching
APM Operation
The search criteria on which the APM operates is defined in the APM settings file.
The more detailed description of the APM setting file is given in Chapter 10 Appendix A -
Automated Point Matching File Description
The APM module has 3 modes which are all related (settings file key APM_MODE):
INLINE_ONLY
This creates new points and matches only within single ADS lines. A line should contain
multiple images. This mode will not transfer points between overlapping lines.
TRANSFER_ONLY
This will transfer points between lines only. No new points will be created.
FULL
This will run the INLINE_ONLY mode first, then followed by the TRANSFER_ONLY mode.
This is considered the default case.
The INLINE_ONLY and TRANSFER_ONLY modes vary only is the source of the tie points.
In INLINE_ONLY, new points are created based on Settings File criterion; in
TRANSFER_ONLY, points are read from IPF and GPF files. The remaining matching logic is
the same.
APM Matching Flow

The INLINE matching workflow proceeds as follows:
1. Read input files and verify contents

- Each SUP file and ADS image file is opened and validated. Errors here will terminate
the APM
- The settings file is read and stored. If a DEM is specified in the settings file, its
existence is verified (using DEM_NAME)
- IPF and GPF files are read and stored
2. Create list of new tie points

- A new list is created using the Settings file parameters which define a repeating tie
point patter in the image using:
- PATTERN_SAMP_START - across track direction start (%)
- PATTERN_SAMP_REPEAT - across track repeat (%)
- PATTERN_LINE_START - along track dir. start (# pixels)
- PATTERN_LINE_REPEAT - along track direction (pixels)
- Points are labeled based on the master image name and a number sequence
- The maximum number of points per image is 99999
- If tie points already exist for that image, the new points will begin numbering after the
last existing tie point
- Currently, no spatial checks are done to see if the new tie points overlap existing points
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Measurement
3. For each line:

- Load line (sup, open image)
- If using DEM, load DEM covering line extents
4. For each new tie point,

- If DEM, get elevation from DEM and define min/max based on the current elevation
+/- dem accuracy; else use min/max elevation based on ELEV_MODE. Values for
ELEV_MODE are:
- PROJ_MINMAX - values are taken from the project min/max
- USER_MINMAX - user specifies min/max elevation with the
INLINE_MIN_ELEV and INLINE_MAX_ELEV keys
- EXTERNAL_DEM - a DEM is referenced with a known accuracy specified with
DEM_ACCURACY
- Search the Master L0 image. Search centers on the current tie point value and the user
specified INLINE_INIT_MASTER_SEARCH_SIZE value (pixels). A Fornster
operator is applied over the search region to detect points with high and symmetric
gradients. The operator size is defined by INTEREST_WINDOW_SIZE (pixels) and
the symmetric threshold value INTEREST_CIRCLE_CUTOFF.
- If an interest point is located, perform an L1 rectification of a patch around the point.
The patch size is defined by INLINE_TARG_TEMPLATE_SIZE and the rectification
height is either the DEM elevation (if EXTERNAL_DEM), the average elevation of
the PROJ_MINMAX, or the user specified rectification height INLINE_L1_ELEV
when using (USER_MIN_MAX). L1 rectification is controlled by the user value
RECTIFY_SUBBLOCK_SIZE. The smaller the value, the longer the time required to
rectify, but the more accurate the rectification.
- An epi-polar line is defined using the location of the interest point and the min/max
elevations.
5. For each target image within the ADS line

- A patch in the target image that encompasses the epi-polar line is L1 rectified at the
rectification height. The patch is buffered by the user value
RECTIFY_BUFFER_MULT.
- At this point the true search space is a rectangular patch along the epi-polar line. The
length of the search space is defined by the min/max elevation; the width of the search
space is defined by the INLINE_EXPECTED_PARALLAX value. To reduce the
search space, the target rectified patch is 'minified' by the
INLINE_EXPECTED_PARALLAX value. This reduces the search space to a 1
dimensional line.
- For each pixel in the minified patch that corresponds to the epi-polar line, an RMS
difference and cross-correlation value is computed.
- The cross-correlation response curve is analyzed to identify the top 8 values (local
suppression is applied to identify unique peaks the curve)
- The top results from the minified patch are transferred onto the original un-minified
patch.
- For each transferred point, a rectangular region around the point is searched (defined
by the INLINE_EXPECTED_PARALLAX size) by applying RMS difference and
cross-correlation calculations. Within each search rectangle, the top value (lowest
RMS, highest cross-correlation) is identified.
84 Leica XPro
Measurement Workflow
- For each search result, values are checked against the user supplied
INLINE_RMS_CUTOFF_PER_PIXEL and INLINE_CORRELATION_CUTOFF
values. If the search results pass, they are stored in a list.
- The next target image is search
6. When all target images have been searched, the list of all results is compared
- All lists are searched for the point with the highest cross-correlation and lowest RMS.
Its ground position is recorded.
- The remaining image lists are searched for the point with the minimum spatial offset
in object space to the highest correlated point.
7. The selected target points are reviewed for parallax

For each target point, a parallax value is computed with respect to the master tie point
The parallax is compared to the user defined INLINE_PARALLAX_CUTOFF. If it fails, the
point is rejected.
8. The point results are stored in memory.
9. When all images are processed, the results are written to the IPT/IPF/GPF files.
10. Done.
The TRANSFER_ONLY function varies from above by:

Instead of point 2 (tie point creation), points are reviewed from the IPF file. For each IPF point,
every line is loaded that could contain the point (by comparing the object space coordinate with
the image bounding box). Once the target images are identified, the matching proceeds in the
same way except that the rectification height is set by the tie point elevation; and the min/max
values are computed as +/-5 metres from the tie point elevation. Thresholds for the transfer
mode are specified by TRANSFER_CORRELATION_CUTOFF,
TRANSFER_PARALLAX_CUTOFF and TRANSFER_TEMPLATE_SIZE; which directly
substitute the inline values.
By default, the TRANSFER_ONLY mode will not transfer points within the same ADS line;
only across different lines. This behavior can be altered by specifying TRANSFER_INLINE =
1. This function can be useful is the user wants to add a new image view to an ADS line that
has already run APM.
Measurement Start the Measurement from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Measurement or click
Workflow to the Measurement button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 6-2: Start Measurement
Select Block Click to a New icon for opening the Block Selection dialog window.
User Manual 85
Measurement
Figure 6-3: Measurement window
Select an existing block created in the Bock Preperation step. Measurement works on one block
at a time.
Options are:
- pick a block from the recently visited block list, or
- browse for a block file.
Figure 6-4: Block Selection dialog
Select Image Bands to Measurement, APM and Triangulation work on 3 image bands from a take. Points are measured
measure on these 3 image bands from different viewing angles - Forward, Nadir (or close to Nadir) and
Backward. 3 panchromatic image bands are preferred for this purpose. After the Bundle
Adjustment with these 3 image bands the improved orientation is written out to all of the images
in the take, including those image bands which did not directly participate in Measurement and
Triangulation.
Select the image bands to measure:
- check 3 bands to be measured - 3 panchromatic image bands are preferred
- select the master band - usually most nadir-looking band.
86 Leica XPro
Figure 6-5: Measurement Image Bands dialog
Load Ground Control In case the Ground Control Points (GCP) file has been added during the Block Preparation step
Points then the GCP-s are loaded automatically into the Measurement.
Only the GCP-s in the block area will be loaded.
User can alternatively load and measure the GCP-s in the Triangulation interface. Thus, there is
option to skip this step and run only the APM from Measurement interface.
In Measurement interface the GCP-s would be measured on non-rectified L0 images. While in
Triangulation interface the measurement of GCP-s is performed on the automatically rectified
L1 images (on-the-fly rectification). Latter is covered in Chapter 8 Aerial Triangulation .
Measure Ground GCP-s appear on Footprint window. The images of the green rectangle marked first GCP
Control Points location are loaded.
Figure 6-6: GCP-s ready to measure
User Manual 87
Measurement
Optionally, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) which has been added to the block in Block
Preparation step can be switched to view on Footprint window.
Left mouse click on first image in the GCP location in order to measure the GCP. Software
takes the first image on which the user measures the GCP as Master Image. Software correlates
the GCP measurements for the rest of the images in other views. In case the operator wishes to
correct the measurement in any of the images, then new Left mouse click to the proper location
is required.
Right mouse click is giving the option for changing the Master Image view.
Figure 6-7: Right mouse click options
Zooming in and out can be performed by changing the value in the Zoom Scale pull-down
selection box in the measurement main window.
Zooming out from 1:1 is supported only when image pyramid has been minified for the images.
Image Contrast and Brightness can be changed:

- whether for all the loaded images together from the two sliders in the Measurement
main window
- or for each image separately from the sliders in the corresponding image view window.
After the GCP has been measured in the view the mark X appears in the lower right corner of
the image view.
Master image view is marked with M in the upper right corner of the image view.
88 Leica XPro
Figure 6-8: GCP measurement
In order to move to the next GCP location:

- use the pull-down GCP selection box in the Measurement main window
- or click to the GCP on the Footprint view.
After going through all GCP-s start Automatic Point Matching (APM) for measuring the tie
points.
Generate tie points Select menu Point > Generate Tie Points using APM from Measurement main window in
using APM order to start APM.
Figure 6-9: Start APM
User Manual 89
Measurement
A notification message pops up, as all the GCP measurements have to be saved into the image
point files (IPT) before the APM start.
Figure 6-10: Save GCP-s measurements into image point files (IPT)
Click Yes for saving the GCP measurements.
APM starts with measuring tie points and continues with point transfer.
Figure 6-11: APM in process
The tie points are saved automatically into the IPT files for the Triangulation step.
After the APM run exit Measurement with closing the Measurement main window.
Say No for the offer of saving the measurement file.
Figure 6-12: Exit Measurement
Import of IPT files into Measurement is a process used only in cases when the points are
intended to be verified / re-measured in Measurement. The verification and re-measuring is
however usually performed in the XPro Triangulation interface.
90 Leica XPro
Chapter 7
Block Preparation
Block Preparation Block Preparation is used to assemble individual flight takes into one triangulation block (group
Overview of takes that together undergo the bundle block adjustment process.) The central data structure
is a block file, which references all Takes (Strips) in this Block. Because a Take (Strip) can be
used in multiple blocks, BlockPrep makes local copies of all relevant files for a Take (Strip)
(*.stp file, *.ctg files, *.eop file) and assembles them into subfolders of the block location.
The different parts that make up a block are:
Reference Coordinate System
Flight takes
Digital Elevation Model
Reference Image
Ground Control Points
Version and description information
Block Preparation Start the Block Preparation from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Block Preparation
Workflow or click to the Block Preparation button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 7-1: Start Block Preparation
Create New Block Create a new block file or open an existing file for modification. When creating a new file, the
user has to specify location and name. The name is used as a default for the folder containing
the block data. Still, it can be changed in the dialog if required.
User Manual 91
Block Preparation
Figure 7-2: Create New Block dialog
Set Coordinate Set the Coordinate System to be used for aerial triangulation and product generation.
System
Figure 7-3: Set Coordinate System dialog
Add Takes Add the takes to be used in the block via menu Block > Add Take and selecting the required
.stp files from Session\yyyymmdd..\raw folder.
92 Leica XPro
Block Preparation Workflow
Figure 7-4: Add Takes
Add GPro triangulated User has option to add into XPro block the takes triangulated with the previous workflow
Takes software GPro. In this way the already existing improved image orientation can be used in XPro
Product Generation and DSM Extraction without the need of readjustment in XPro
Triangulation.
Select the L0 image .sup files from GPro workflow location and proceed with Block
Preparation.
Figure 7-5: Select GPro triangulated takes
User Manual 93
Block Preparation
Add DSM In case DSM is intended to be used add the DSM corresponding to the block area and to the
selected coordinate system via menu Block > Add DSM.
DSM-s in IMG and TIFF format are supported. The IMG and TIFF DSM-s would have to be 32
bit floating point single band images.
According to the choice, a newly added DSM is copied to the "dsm" folder of the new block
location, or alternatively, referencing is made to the original location of the DSM without the
copy.
Several DSM-s can be added to a Block.
In the later Product Generation step users have the ability to select one of the DSM-s from the
list for orhtorectification. Thus it is not required to remove the previously added DSM-s.
Add Reference Image In case reference image is intended to be used then add it via menu Block > Add Reference
Ortho.
Add Ground Control In case ground control points are intended to be used in aerial triangulation then add the points
Points in ASCII file via menu Block > Edit Ground Control.
Alternatively, users can add and measure the GCP-s in the later step of the workflow i.e. in the
Triangulation step after the APM has been already performed.
Click to Import Control Points icon in upper left corner of the Edit Ground Control window
and browse to the location of the ASCII GCP-s file.
ASCII GCP file can contain header of rows commented out by the semicolon character (;).
Figure 7-6: Edit Ground Control window
94 Leica XPro
In case the selected GCP-s file is in different coordinate system than the block, then pick the
GCP-s file coordinate system. GCP-s file will be transformed and copied to the block location.
Figure 7-7: GCP Coordinate System dialog
Figure 7-8: Edited Ground Control
Edit Ground Control window allows changing values for multiple rows / columns of the GCP
file in one edit operation. Activate the required rows and Right mouse click for changing the
values.
User Manual 95
Block Preparation
The sequence of the GCP list can be sorted by any of the column with clicking to the header of
that particular column.
Save the edited ground control data.
Save Block Upon Save, BlockPrep creates a new copy of all newly added Strips (Takes) within the "strips"
subfolder of the block and adds a reference to this Strip (Take) to the contents of the block file.
A Strip (Take) only then belongs to a block when it is referenced in the block file, regardless of
physical location.
BlockPrep will display a dialog with the progress of the copy while busy.
Figure 7-9: Save Block dialog
Export to Shapefile Block Preparation has option to generate ESRI shape file from the footprints of the Takes in an
already saved Block. Shape file will be created together with .prj file in Geographic WGS84
coordinate system.
Go to Block > Export to Shapefile and browse to the intended location for saving the shape.
Supported Coordinate Systems:

Systems
LSR (Local Rectangular System) - This is a computational frame with an anchor point used
to move between systems
Geographic - Standard curvi-linear description (Latitude/Longitude/Elevation)
Projected - Map projected system
Projected Systems
Transverse Mercator (including special support for UTM)
Oblique Mercator
Lambert Conformal
Swiss Projection
Mercator (1 standard parallel)
96 Leica XPro
Others by request
Vertical Reference:
The coordinate library supports conversion between ellipsoidal and geoid vertical references.
Current Geoid support:
AUSGeoid98 Australia
CGVD28 (HT2_0) Canada
CGVD28 (HT97) Canada
EGM96 (NGA) Global Geoid
JGD2000 Japan
LV98 Latvia
NAVD88 (Geoid03) ContUS, Alaska, Hawaii, PR
NAVD88 (Geoid09) ContUS, Alaska, Hawaii, G&NMI, AS
Others by request
The supported ASCII geoid file format is described at: ASCII geoid file format
Units:
Linear:
metres, intl. foot, US Survey foot
Angular:
degree, radian, gon (gradian)
Others by request
Ellipsoid:
User definable. Many predefined in file: ellips.dat
Ellipsoid Transformation:
User definable; up to 16 parameters transformations supported. Defined in files: 3_param.dat,
7_param.dat
The file format descriptions are given in file_descriptions.txt
User Manual 97
Block Preparation
in the XPro installation folder, usually at C:\Program Files (x86)\Leica

Geosystems\XPro\etc\geodetic
Data Layout Although the block model file references all resources by name and relative/absolute path and
therefore a fixed structure is not necessary, there is a default layout:
|- project folder
|- strips
|- 1715
|- 1715.eop
|- 1715.stp
|- 1715PANN00A.fpt
|- 1715PANN00A.ctg
|- 1718
|- 1718.eop
|- 1718.stp
|- 1718PANN00A.fpt
|- 1718PANN00A.ctg
|- cam
|- ADS40_300017
|- v001
|- *.cam
|- misalignment.dat
|- dsm
Example Block File <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<Block version="1.0" name="f_12">
<Strips>
<Strip filename="strips/022814180530117/022814180530117.stp" />
98 Leica XPro

</Strips>
<CoordinateSystem>
<Horizontal units="metres" datum="WGS84" name="UTM_17N" />
<Vertical units="metres" name="ellipsoid" />
<WKT>COMPD_CS["Projected", PROJCS["UTM_17N", GEOGCS [ "WGS84", DATUM [
"WGS84", SPHEROID ["WGS 84", 6378137.000, 298.257223563 ], TOWGS84 [ 0.000,
0.000, 0.000, 0.0000000000, 0.0000000000, 0.0000000000, 0.0000000000 ] ], PRIMEM [
"Greenwich", 0.000000 ], UNIT [ "metres", 1.00000000] ],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["Latitude_of_Origin",0.0000000000], PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-
81.0000000000], PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996000000],
PARAMETER["False_Easting",500000.000], PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.000], UNIT
[ "metres", 1.00000000]] ], VERT_CS["ellipsoid", VERT_DATUM["ellipsoid", 0 ], UNIT [
"metres", 1.00000000] ] ]</WKT>
</CoordinateSystem>
<Models>
</Models>
<ReferenceImages>
</ReferenceImages>
<GroundControls>
<GCP filename="R:/ADS/Flori/f_12/control/controls.gpt" />
</GroundControls>
</Block>
ASCII geoid file format Reference documentation (in Japanese):

http://vldb.gsi.go.jp/sokuchi/geoid/download/down.html
The eye after the header line and the 2nd line geoid high in the lattice point is housed in the
following order.
The latitude line of the south edge (20 degrees in north latitude) from facing toward north the
latitude line of the north edge (50 degrees in north latitude) in order, in each latitude line
Being, Nisibata (120 degrees in east longitude) from Higasibata (150 degrees in east longitude)
geoid high numerical value being m unit in order, case
Paying/inserting it is done. The prescribed form of the data is as follows.
User Manual 99
Block Preparation
(Header line: 2F10.5, 2F9.6, 2I5, I2 and A8)

glamn, glomn, dgla, dglo, nla, nlo, ikind and vern
glamn = 20.0: Latitude value of south edge (20 degrees in north latitude)
glomn = 120.0: Nisibata's longitude value (120 degrees in east longitude)
dgla = .016667: Latitude interval (degree unit: However, it is made round)
dglo = .025000: Longitude interval (degree unit)
nla = 1801: Quantity in latitude line
nlo = 1201: Quantity in longitude line
ikind = 1 : The format identifier (here there is no especially meaning)
vern = ver4.0: Version of data
(Data line: 28F9.4)

And so on 1201 data the prescribed form (28F9.4) with have lined up every latitude line.
With the model, among the lands, the conformity processing for the data of geoid measurement
is not done
Concerning the remote island ' 999.0 ' m calls numerical value is buried, it is the invalid territory
of the data
Thing is meant.
Furthermore, in order to make direct access possible, as for each data being attached to one line
252 letter + (CR+LF) it is arranged. According to need, header line and so in the latitude line
most
In end of end line, blank is added.
example:
20.00000 120.00000 0.016667 0.025000 1801 1201 1 ver4.0

999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000
999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000 999.0000
999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000
999.0000
999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000
999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000 999.0000
999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000
999.0000
100 Leica XPro

999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000

999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000 999.0000
999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000999.0000 999.0000 999.0000 999.0000
999.0000
User Manual 101

Block Preparation
102 Leica XPro

Chapter 8
Aerial Triangulation
Triangulation The main goal of Triangulation is the reconstruction or adjustment of exterior orientation
Overview parameters (EOP), which consist of sensor positions and attitudes. For line scanner imagery,
each individual scan line features its own exterior orientation, which is observed with
GNSS/IMU - IPAS solution. Although this so-called a-priori solution can be used for Direct
Georeferencing of the imagery, the EOP can be improved by involving ground control and tie
points that connect adjacent takes and overlapping images into the Triangulation bundle
adjustment.
Triangulation also enables for solving for and regarding IMU misalignments and datum shifts.
Such a Triangulation is essential for high-resolution applications that assume high ground point
accuracy.
The Leica XPro Triangulation is based on the well-known ORIMA approach, which has been
significantly improved regarding both speed and flexibility. Leica XPro provides newly
designed analysis tools and automatically interacts with APM and targets image point
measurements where necessary to improve the triangulation accuracy.
With Leica XPro v4.2 and higher the measurement functionality is alternatively offered from
the XPro Triangulation interface. With Leica XPro v4.4 and higher also the initial APM run can
be started from XPro Triangulation interface.
Triangulation flow in Triangulation is based on loading either:

brief - an existing Block
- or an existing Triangulation Scenario.
A Scenario represents a set of input data and triangulation parameters that can be saved to or
loaded from disk. Block data - block, image, and/or take footprints; trajectory - as well as
triangulation-related information, such as, ground control points, check points, and tie point
locations can be viewed after loading.
The Triangulation adjustment is carried out within a Scenario. To triangulate a new block, a new
Scenario has to be created first. A triangulation run is based on a set of control parameters,
which are editable by the advanced user. The run will initialize and kick off the bundle
adjustment, automatically compare the results in terms of ground quality with the user's needs
and iteratively improve the results within an APM-triangulation loop. The final results are
presented in terms of:
- Adjustment statistics (overall quality measures),
- Ground Cell-based Analysis (GroundCBA; local quality measures),
- Information on individual ground points (residuals, reliability, blunders), and
- Adjusted EOPs / trajectory quality.
In case the results fulfill the desired accuracy needs, the results should be saved for further use
in subsequent Leica XPro applications, e.g., the Product Generation.
User Manual 103

In case the Triangulation adjustment has not been able to generate satisfactory results from the
input data and parameter settings, such analysis tools should support targeted parameter
adaptations as basis for a new run. Several runs may be carried out within one scenario but only
the actual parameter settings can be saved to disk.
Entirely different modeling approaches should be stored in different Scenarios in order to be
able to reproduce the results.
User has option to remeasure the tiepoints or ground control points in Triangulation.
Input Data - Block file (*.blf). This file will contain further information, such as, take files, which
then refer to EOP data, image point measurements, etc.
- Point Measurements:
- Initial image points, one file per image. These *.ipt files are created by APM or
can be interactively generated using manual measurement. They are referred to in
each take file and automatically loaded into the Triangulation application.
- Ground control points and check points (*.gpt, *.xyz). File name and location are
contained in the Block file. Ground points will be loaded after opening the block.
- Triangulation control parameters (*.trg)
Output Data - Adjusted EOPs; related take files are automatically updated with file names and
locations.
- Adjusted ground points (<original_name>.adj). This file contains the updated input
ground points as well as ground coordinates of all tie points.
- Adjusted image points, one file per image (<original_name>.adj).
Triangulation Start the XPro Triangulation window from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro >
Workflow Triangulation or click to the Triangulation button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 8-1: Start Triangulation
Open Block Open Block from File > Open Block menu.
104 Leica XPro

Triangulation Workflow
Figure 8-2: Open Block
The block gets loaded - the footprints of the images appear.

In case user has performed the APM and the GCP measurements in Measurement interface then
together with footprints also the tie points and GCP-s appear. Otherwise run APM and GCP
measurements in Triangulation.
Run APM General information about APM and APM settings can be found from Automatic Point
Matching and from Chapter 10 Appendix A - Automated Point Matching File Description .
APM can be started from the Measurement window of Triangulation interface after the Block
is loaded. The initial APM run cannot be started when Scenario is loaded - close the current
Scenario first.
In case not open already, start Measurement window from menu Window > Measurement.
Figure 8-3: Start APM dialog window
Click on Run APM icon for starting the APM dialog window.
User Manual 105

Figure 8-4: APM dialog window
The preferred image bands for running APM are detected automatically. User can change the
band selection if required.
User has option to browse for selecting different APM Settings File.
Void Shape can be selected as option to not get tie points in the void area - browse to an ESRI
shape file.
Check in the Eliminate points based on Image Statistics option in case you have the Statistics
calculated from Data Preparation ( Image Pyramids and Statistics ) and you wish to not get
tie points in the water mask areas.
Click OK for starting Automatic Point Measurement.
In case the automatically detected image band selection for APM would have to be changed,
then click Band Selection icon on Measurement window for starting the selection widget.
Select Green bands for APM while processing ADS100 data.
Figure 8-5: Start Image Band Selection widget
106 Leica XPro

Figure 8-6: Image Band Selection widget
Import Ground Control The measurement of GCP-s is suggested to be performed in the Block mode of Triangulation,
Points without going into a Adjustment Scenario mode - in that way as the GCP measurements will be
saved into the Block for all the future Scenarios.
Select Edit Ground Control for opening the dialog window.
Figure 8-7: Start GCP import
Further details of how to import GCP-s with the Edit Ground Control dialog are provided in
Add Ground Control Points
The unmeasured GCP-s appear marked with yellow in the Triangulation footprint window.
Measurement in Triangulation interface provides the functionality to measure GCP-s and to re-measure tie
Triangulation points, in case required.
The point measurement is integrated into a dockable window within the Triangulation.
User Manual 107

The dockable window pops up automatically when selecting a point to measure with Right
mouse click from the footprint window, but it can be reached as well from menu Window >
Measurement.
Each image patch of the selected bands is rectified on-the-fly to L1.
The patched are displayed in matrix:
each row corresponds to one take
each column corresponds to one image band used for the manual measurement
Labels are displaying the take name and image name correspondingly.
The location of the displayed images is given in the footprint view as a red box.
Figure 8-8: Measurement window
Measurement window tool bar

The tool bar contains from left to right:
- Band selection widget
- Run APM
- Mode:
- Measure mode
- Measure with Cross-correlation mode
- Panning mode
- Synchronize panned location to all images
108 Leica XPro

- Radiometric correction
- Switch correction to global for all images
- Minimum cutoff slider
- Maximum cutoff slider
- Zoom level
- Zoom In
- Zoom Out
- Point ID
Figure 8-9: Measurement window Tool Bar
Band selection widget

Band selection widget allows to choose, which images will be used for measuring.
Figure 8-10: Band selection widget
There is ability to Select / Deselect all bands and also to Reset the selection back to default.
The default selection for ADS100 is:
GRNF26A
GRNN00A
GRNB19A
User Manual 109

The default selection for ADS80 is:

PANF27A
PANF02A
PANB14A
Measure / Panning modes

Clicking on the Measure- or on the Panning mode icons allows to enter / exit one of these two
main modes.
Figure 8-11: Measure and Panning modes
In the Measuring mode

- each click on an image patch is interpreted as a measurement
- the cursor changes to a measuring cross in image
In Measure with Cross-correlation mode
- each click on an image is interpreted as a measurement on that image and triggers a
cross-correlation process for getting the measurement also on the other open images
- the cursor changes to a measuring cross in image
- in case of successful match the image window will be framed green
In the Panning mode
- user can navigate on an image by holding the Left mouse button and sliding the image
- the cursor changes to a panning hand
- click on the Synchronize icon sets the panned location to all images
The three modes of Measure, Measure with Cross-correlation and Panning are exclusive.
Changing the modes and synchronizing can be performed also by keyboard shortcuts:
M - Change into Measure mode
A - Change into Measure with Cross-correlation mode
V - Change into Panning mode (Sliding)
U - Synchronize position in all views
Cross-correlation mode settings

Measurement with Cross-correlation is controlled by the settings in [Measurement] section of
the xpro.ini file.
Initialization file, xpro.ini, is provided with XPro installation, usually at location
C:\Program Files\Leica Geosystems\XPro\
110 Leica XPro

Figure 8-12: Cross-correlation settings in xpro.ini
Table 8-1: Cross-correlation settings
Default
Setting Comments
value
auto_correlation_mode 1 Sets the Cross-correlation mode on/off; 1/0
auto_correlation_dsm_buffer 20.0 m Limitation of the cross-correlation search in epipolar
direction, accuracy (buffer) of the reference DEM;
>10.0 m dependent on the global- or user DEM used
auto_correlation_eripolar_buffer 15 pixels Limitation of the cross-correlation search left and
right of the epipolar line; > 5 (depending on the
orientation accuracy)
auto_correlation_window 7 pixels 7 to 9 pixels suggested
auto_correlation_threshold 0.7 > 0.0 ... < 1.0
auto_correlation_distinctness 0.1 Threshold for the minimum 'curvature' when
comparing the max correlation to its neighbors; 0.0 to
0.2 suggested
auto_correlation_sound 0 Sets the sound of the cross-correlation success on/off;
1/0
Image correction
Figure 8-13: Image correction in Measurement window
Image correction options contain:

- The global button in order to apply your changes to one / all image patches.
- The minimum cutoff and maximum cutoff sliders for:
- 0-10 % for the minimum cutoff
- 90-100% for the maximum cutoff
User Manual 111

Figure 8-14: Image correction sliders
The contrast of each image is dynamically stretched according to the content of the patch.
Navigation in images
Navigation in images is performed by
- sliding the image after entering into the Panning mode
- zooming in and out with the scroll wheel of mouse or by changing the zoom level from
the pull-down zoom window on the tool bar.
Zooming can be performed also by keyboard shortcuts:

+ - Zoom into image
- - Zoom out of image
Zoom out will be available only if minification levels are available.
Image view
Yellow frame is displayed around the active image patch.
Measured locations are marked in two different ways:
- The thin red cross displays the new measurement.
- The doubled cross is centered on an existing measurement, as in case the
measurement window is opened for re-measuring.
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Figure 8-15: Image view
The image is display with the L1 rectification on-the-fly.
Start Measurement from the footprint view

The selection in the footprint view has to be done with the selection cursor mode - mouse cursor
as arrow. The ability to start measurement in the footprint view at a specific location, is
available in a context menu, which pops up after the Right mouse click.
Depending on whether the certain footprint view location is empty or having points the
possibilities are:
Right Click in an empty location - Measurement window will be triggered at that empty
location for measuring a new point. The ID of this new point follows the naming mask of:
Mpm_<date>@<time>.
Figure 8-16: Click in an empty location
Right Click on an existing point - the mouse cursor changes from arrow to cross when
reaching close to a point. Measurement window will be opened for verification or for re-
measuring the existing point.
User Manual 113

Figure 8-17: Click on an existing point
- With selecting Remove Point the point will be completely removed without
opening the Measurement window.
Click in a location with dense point coverage. In case more than 10 points are present in the
location, then a message will pop up with asking to zoom in, in order to specify better which
item to select.
Figure 8-18: Click in a location with dense point coverage
Click in a location with less than 10 points - the context menu is extended with showing the
list of available points. Certain point has to be picked to be re-measured or to be removed.
Figure 8-19: Click in a location with less than 10 points
Point List for GCP measurements

Point List holds the list of Ground Control Points, Check Points and Tie Points of the block with
their point ID, type, residuals and standard deviations.
Point List can be opened from menu Window > Point List or by clicking the Point List icon
on the toolbar.
Selected points in the Point List appear highlighted on the footprint view.
Point list lines are colored: yellow - not measured; blue - measured; red - blundered.
Select a point from the list and click Go To Current Point in order to open the Measurement
window in the location of that point.
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Figure 8-20: Point list for GCP measurements
For loading the next point in the list into the measurement window click Go To Next Point.
In addition to the buttons on the Point List window toolbar, also the keyboard shortcuts can be
used for changing the point in the measurement window:
G - Go to Current Point
F - Go to First point
P - Go to Previous point
N - Go to Next point
L - Go to Last point
Re-measurement of already measured points

In case it would be required to re-measure an already measured point then:
- Open the point location in the Measurement window. The previously measured
locations are marked by doubled cross.
- Activate the required image view by Right Mouse Click. Active view gets marked by
yellow frame.
User Manual 115

Figure 8-21: Select image view for Re-measurement
- Place the mouse cursor into the approximate location of the measurement and press
space bar on keyboard. Image gets zoomed in and the double cross disappears to
facilitate the measurement.
- With keeping the space bar pressed move the mouse cursor to the exact measurement
location and measure with Left Mouse Click. Release the space bar.
Figure 8-22: Re-measurement
Create New Click the Create New Scenario button for creating a new adjustment scenario.
Adjustment Scenario
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Figure 8-23: Create New Scenario
There is option for typing in a specific descriptive name for the Scenario. However, all the
Scenarios will be saved together with the creation date and time, thus the option of accepting
the default name by clicking OK is nicely valid.
Figure 8-24: New Scenario Name dialog
New adjustment scenario is created with displaying the adjustment parameters.
Edit Ground Control In case the triangulation is performed with ground control there might be need for editing
ground control file for setting some of the GCP-s to Check Points or for changing the SD a priori
of the points, for instance.
Click to Edit Ground Control button on XPro main window for opening the ground control
editing window.
User Manual 117

Figure 8-25: Select Edit Ground Control
Edit Ground Control window allows changing values for multiple rows / columns of the GCP
file in one edit operation. Activate the required rows and Right mouse click for changing the
values.
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Figure 8-26: Edit Ground Control window
Click Save and Close button for accepting and committing the changes.
Control Points and Check Points are shown in Triangulation interface as triangles and circles
respectively. In case the Control Points and Check Points are not of Full type, but of Planar and
Height type, then letters H and Z are added to the symbol respectively. Tie points are shown as
small circled dots on the image footprints.
User Manual 119

Figure 8-27: GCP-s, Check Points and Tie Points on image footprints
Set Parameters for Bundle adjustment parameters are grouped to Basic and Advanced:
Bundle Adjustment - Basic adjustment settings: sigma0, GPS- and IMU parameterization
- Advanced adjustment settings: blunder elimination, variance components, etc.
Typically user operates with Basic Parameters.
GPS Parametrization
In case Ground Control is used in triangulation for compensating the datum deficiencies, then
one of the Datum types should be selected for GPS parameterization.
With Datum per Block adjustment is estimating one datum shift per triangulation block.
In case the triangulation block consists of image takes which are captured with multiple flight
Sessions, and sufficient Ground Control is used per area of each Session, then multiple datum
shifts can be estimated by selecting Datum per Session.
In case the triangulation block consists of image takes which are captured with multiple Sensors,
and sufficient the Ground Control is used per area of each Sensor, then multiple datum shifts
can be estimated by selecting Datum per Sensor.
While selecting Datum user has option to lock one or several of the parameters to not include
these in the adjustment. Locking Datum or Rotation retains the related transformation
parameters at 0. Locking Scale keeps the scale factor 1. User can get hint for whether to lock
certain parameters when observing the standard deviation of the parameters in the adjustment
protocol at Printout View. Locking certain parameters has also an impact on the number of
ground control points required for defining the datum. For instance, while locking Rotation and
Scale one would need only 1 full ground control point to solve for the datum parameters.
In the rare cases of having significant systematic errors in the position residuals of the
orientation fixes between the neighboring takes user should try adjustment with Drift for GPS
parametrization.
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IMU Parametrization
In case the block has the configuration of allowing IMU parameterization, which is containing
at least two overlapping takes flown from opposite directions, then the IMU parameterization
per Sensor should be used.
In case the triangulation block consists of image takes which are captured with multiple flight
Sessions, each containing at least two overlapping takes flown from opposite directions, then
IMU Parametrization can be estimated per Session by selecting Session.
In the rare cases of having significant systematic errors in the attitude residuals of the orientation
fixes between the neighboring takes user should try adjustment with Take for IMU
parametrization.
Sigma0 a priori value should be adjusted during the bundle adjustment runs so that it would
match the value of Sigma a posteriori.
Triangulation is able to place the Orientation Fixes automatically according to the amount of
measured tie points in take. The default minimum number of Tie Points between Orientation
Fixes to be placed is 20. This number is commonly not changed.
Once the parameters are accepted, the bundle adjustment can be started.
Run Adjustment Click Run Adjustment button for starting the adjustment.
Figure 8-28: Run Adjustment
Once the adjustment run is finished, the results are imported with showing the Ground Cell-
based Analysis of the block.
User Manual 121

Figure 8-29: Imported adjustment results
Within a Scenario the adjustment can be run multiple times if necessary and/or desired.
Validate Results Leica XPro Triangulation offers helpful tools - whether for a quick validation or for a thorough
analysis:
- Triangulation results in main window controlled by the settings in the Layer Display
- Triangulation statistics shown in Statistics Display
- Protocol window with Printout View.
The following views can be switched On/Off for displaying form the
Layer Display
Layer Display controls the block overview given in the XPro Triangulation main window.
Information layers overlap in the main window according to the sequence of listing in Layer
Display view. The sequence of the layers in the list can be changed by users - most up in the
Layer Display list will be shown as the top layer in main window.
Right mouse click to the Quality rows in the Layer Display list is offering the Analysis
window with the slider for changing the quality criteria represented in the main window.
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Figure 8-30: Quality Analysis
In similar way, with Right mouse click on the Residuals row in the Layer Display list, the scale
of the residual vector representation in main window can be changed.
Moving mouse over Ground Points, Orientation Fixes and Ground Cells in the Triangulation
main view opens additional information window. The information window can be
alternatively opened by Left mouse click on the point.
User Manual 123

Figure 8-31: Information window with Mouse Over function
Ground Cell-based Analysis

GroundCBA (Ground Cell-based Analysis) is intended to provide a quick overview on the
triangulation quality on the ground. Generally, errors in observables-ground control points, tie
points, GNSS/IMU trajectory-will affect the unknown parameters: ground coordinates of tie
points and the corrected trajectory. While the trajectory is important - e.g., to reveal systematic
effects - after all a user is interested in ground-based quality measures since those determine the
product accuracy (orthoimage, DTM). Consequently, ground coordinates of tie points should be
evaluated, particularly ground space standard deviations and, more meaningful, reliability
measures.
The idea is not to show such reliability for each individual point but to group neighboring points
and provide area-related statistics - a large block could have several hundreds of tie points. The
block is divided into a regular grid of cells that are assigned parameters like external reliability
or remaining parallax.
GroundCBA is the basis for the internal interaction between triangulation and APM - for the
iterative Triangulation-Analysis-APM loop. GroundCBA is then "translated" into needs in
terms of regional point density for the APM. This will of course be necessary only if desired
accuracy demands are not met in certain areas of the triangulation block.
Statistics Display
Statistics Display presents the following adjustment results:
- Sigma0
- Variance Components
- Ground Points
- Orientation Fixes
- Additional Parameters
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Figure 8-32: Statistics Display
Point List
Point List holds the list of Ground Control Points, Check Points and Tie Points of the block with
their point ID, type, residuals and standard deviations.
Point List can be opened from menu Window > Point List or by clicking the Point List icon
on the toolbar.
Selected points in the Point List appear highlighted on the footprint view.
Point list lines are colored: yellow - not measured; blue - measured; red - blundered.
Point list has filters to facilitate block analysis and block adjustments with subsets of points.
Points can be filtered by type, residuals and by several other parameters. For adding the filters
click the Add Filter icon on the Point List window and select the required filter from the small
filter list window which pops up.
User Manual 125

Figure 8-33: Add Filter in Point List
Each added filter appears with its parameters as a line in the upper part of the Point List window.
It is possible to add a filter twice for filtering out the range with less-than and greater-than
signs. Signs can be toggled by Left mouse click.
Note that by clicking the symbol at the end of each filter line the line disappears, but leaves the
filter active.
A highlighted selection of points in the Point List can be excluded from bundle adjustments runs
temporarily by clicking the Disable icon.
Figure 8-34: Disable point selection for bundle adjustment runs
User has option to hide the Disabled tie points on footprint view by switching on the Hide
deactivated tie points check box on the Analysis Tool window - available by Right mouse click
on Triangulation Layer Display items.
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Figure 8-35: Hide Disabled tie points on footprint view
Printout View
Click Show Protocol Window button for Printout View display.
Figure 8-36: Show Protocol Window
Printout View is presenting the adjustment results in the format known from ORIMA.
Further Improvement In several cases the Quality achieved with bundle adjustment after the initial APM run already
of Quality meets the requirements.
Still, in cases the image orientation quality is required to be improved further then the following
techniques can be used:
- iterative Triangulation-Analysis-APM loop
- manual measurement of additional tie points.
In both techniques the areas to be worked on are the ones marked with the lowest Quality by the
GroundCBA.
Triangulation-Analysis-APM loop
Triangulation-Analysis-APM loop function is triggered as soon as the check box of Densify
Points if needed in Basic Parameters View is switched on. User specifies the number of
attempts given for software for achieving the targeted Quality in the Attempts field.
User Manual 127

Figure 8-37: Triangulation-APM loop
Densification with APM is performed in these Ground Cells for which the Quality has been
lower than the level user has specified with the Densify Points Threshold in the Advanced
Parameters view.
Figure 8-38: Densify Points Threshold
Triangulation-Analysis-APM loop starts with the click to the Run Adjustment button.
The tie points from the APM looping get imported to the block only in case they have led to
improvement of the Quality level.
User can analyze the results of looping runs in the Statistics Display.
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Manual measurement of additional tie points

In case the quality would have to be improved in certain location of the block, then user can add
or re-measure the tiepoints in this certain area by starting the Measurement window. Please see
Start Measurement from the footprint view for additional information.
This method would as well allow the one-by-one validation of the tie points measured by APM.
Figure 8-39: Improve quality by manual measurement
Adjustment run (see Run Adjustment ) has to be performed after the re-measurement in order
to validate the improvement.
Alternatively, user has the option of measuring the additional tie points manually in
Measurement tool, see Chapter 6 Measurement .
The triangulation block has to be opened in Measurement and the IPT files containing the
existing APM and GCP measurements have to be imported.
Write Out Adjusted After the required accuracy for the triangulation block is achieved the adjusted orientation
Orientation should be written out for all the image bands.
Click Write to Block button for writing the adjusted orientation.
Figure 8-40: Write Out Adjusted Orientation
User Manual 129

Self-calibration
Self-calibration is provided in XPro v6.1 as beta functionality. ADS workflow is not yet
triggered to handle the changed calibration files automatically in Product Generation
after the adjustment with self-calibration switched on.
XPro Triangulation provides the possibility to estimate camera parameters during the bundle
block adjustment. The main window offers a new scenario tab called Calibration.
Figure 8-41: Self-calibration tab
User can switch on the self-calibration, by checking Use Self-Calibration check box.
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Figure 8-42: Use Self-calibration
The ADS sensor parameters are organized in three groups:
1. The first group is used to handle global effects like principal distance (scale), principal point
(shift) and lens distortions (1 to 5 on Figure 8-43: Self-calibration parameters below). These
effects apply to all sensor lines.
2. The second group of parameters is used to handle shift and rotation of individual sensor lines.
This group becomes active as soon as a parameter from the first group has to be estimated. There
is no GUI to control it directly.
3. The third group - Use Node Correction (6 on Figure 8-43: Self-calibration parameters below)
is used to handle local systematic effects on each sensor line
User Manual 131

The Self-calibration tab provides following controls:

1 - Sensor, in case of a block flown with multiple sensors, select here the sensor for which
the parameterization should apply.
2 - Focal length, with the 3 state slider select between the locked, constrained and free state.
3 - Principal point, with the 3 state slider select between the locked, constrained and free
state.
4 - Point of symmetry, with the 3 state slider select between the locked, constrained and
free state.
5 - Distortion, with the 3 state slider select between the locked, constrained and free state.
6 - Use Node Correction is used to handle local systematic effects on each sensor line. To
model the local effects each line is divided into evenly sized small pieces. The size of the
intervals is user definable, e.g. 5 mm. The number of intervals per line is automatically
calculated so that it will cover the full length of the sensor line. With an interval of 5 mm a
line of length 102 mm will be modeled by 2x21 correction parameters. One set of correction
parameters is for "x" and the second one is for systematic errors in "y". All image points
measured in the image of a certain sensor line e.g. "GRNF26A" will contribute to the
estimation of the local line correction parameters. To be able to determine all local line
correction parameters the image points must be distributed in such a way that they are
distributed along the whole sensor line. If the points are only at the edge of the image to tie
to the neighboring strip then the local line correction can only be computed in those areas
of the sensor line where there are points. There will not be any corrections in the middle of
the image. Therefore the local line correction should only be used when the total amount of
points and their distribution along the sensor line allows for a reliable calculation of these
parameters. Furthermore the local line correction parameters should only be used if a
systematic error remains that cannot be compensated by other parameters, e.g. a shift and
rotation of an individual line should be modeled by the second group of sensor parameters
(by having at least one parameter switched "on" in the GUI). The use of local line correction
parameters will lead to heavily extended computation time.
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Figure 8-43: Self-calibration parameters
State of all the sliders in the parameter group can be changed by clicking on icons:
sets all sliders to the Locked state;
sets all sliders to the Constrained state.
sets all sliders to the Free state;
Mathematical model
The new self-calibration capability allows switching on the estimation of the internal
parameters of the camera according to this model:
User Manual 133

The shift and rotation parameters will be estimated as soon as any of the other parameters
is switched on. There is no direct control for the user over shift and rotation parameters.
The estimation is done for all looking angles together. There is no possibility to control a
looking angle independently.
The Nodes Correction computes for all looking angles one unique set of parameters.
Self-calibration Output
Always verify the correlation between parameters in the printout file. A high correlation
coefficient indicates a dependency between parameters and is a sign of over
determination. Over determination should be avoided as it slows down or prevents the
convergence.
The printout file provides detailed values for the estimated parameters their standard
deviation, reliability and correlation. Check those values before writing the results out.
In order to get the adjustment results written out the output folder for the new calibration files
has to be specified in the xpro.ini file:
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Self-calibration is provided in XPro v6.2 as beta functionality. ADS workflow is not yet
triggered to handle the changed calibration files automatically in Product Generation
after the adjustment with self-calibration switched on.
For using the new adjusted calibration for Product Generation it is required to copy the
Adjusted calibration files from the output folder to the Sensor Calibration location (see
Sensor calibration ) for replacing the Original calibration.
Original calibration would have to be backed up (renamed).
In next XPro versions this manual operation will be not required and the new calibration
files will be not written into the location specified in xpro.ini any more, but maintained
with the block instead.
User Manual 135

Export Adjusted Triangulation offers an option for exporting adjusted ground points from Adjustment Scenario
Ground Points into ASCII text files.
Select Export Ground Points from Scenario menu.
Figure 8-44: Select Export Ground Points
Browse the location for the text files. Two files will be exported, containing the point numbers
and their adjusted ground locations in the coordinate system of the Block:
adjustedGroundControlPoints.txt and adjustedGroundTiePoints.txt.
Figure 8-45: Exported adjustedGroundControlPoints.txt
136 Leica XPro

Block Check tool Block Check tool helps XPro users to evaluate whether the image orientation accuracy of block
fulfills the requirements to the upcoming DSM extraction step.
Two DSM-s extracted from the two neighboring overlapping flight lines match in the limits of
the image orientation accuracy. Block Check performs the extraction of two DSM-s in the user
defined location points in the overlap area and compares the height difference. This evaluation
with Block Check would give the confidence of image orientation being sufficiently accurate
and thus helps to ensure the expected DSM product accuracy.
Start Bock Check

Start the Block Check tool from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Block Check.
Select Block and Point File

Select a Block in which the check will be performed.
Select a Point File containing the locations of interest where the check will be performed. Point
Files in ASCII format with having 4 space-separated fields per line (ID X Y Z) are supported.
Point Files exported from triangulation ( Export Adjusted Ground Points ) are suitable.
Figure 8-46: Select Block and Points File
Alternatively, users can collect the points for the regions of interest (ROI) also by QC Viewer.
Loading the L1 OTF images of the flight line, moving the cursor to the region of interest to the
correct surface height and collecting the coordinates with the help of Right mouse click from
the viewer status bar will buffer the location for pasting into the Point File.
User Manual 137

Figure 8-47: Collecting ROI coordinates with QC Viewer
The height of the ROI location in the Point File would have to be close to the correct
surface height. It is recommended to select ROI-s in flat areas and in areas without trees
and water bodies.
While loading the Point File to the Block Check tool, user interface offers the option to
transform the Point File coordinates into the coordinate system of the Block.
Generate DSM-s
Footprints and ROI-s appear in the Block Check view after the Block and Point File are loaded.
Only these points are shown and marked as ROI-s which are located in the overlap areas of the
Takes.
Block Check user interface organizes ROI-s and Overlaps into two tables below the footprint
view.
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Figure 8-48: Generate DSM-s for ROI-s
Click to the Generate DSMs button for starting the DSM extraction in the ROI-s.
DSM generation supports HPC processing with Condor setup.
DSM tiles are extracted as about 500 by 500 GSD-s large areas around the ROI centre points.
Analyze DSMs
After the DSM run the block is ready to be analyzed - the Quality Marker information is
automatically populated into the footprint view.
Analyze button would have to pressed for the cases after a different BlockCheck folder is
selected which already contains the DSM tiles from the previous extraction run.
User Manual 139

Figure 8-49: Analyze DSMs
Quality Marker size and quality threshold value can be adjusted by moving the two sliders
in the Block Check window.
The difference between the DSMs in certain ROI is populated into the list below the footprint
view after clicking on the Quality Marker of the ROI.
A click to the camera icon in the lower right corner of the footprint view is saving the
screenshot of the footprint into the BlockCheck folder.
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Chapter 9
Product Generation
Product Product Generation delivers stereo viewable images (L1) and ortho images (L2) with using
Generation image rectification.
Overview Starting from Leica XPro v6.0 also the DSM Extraction is started from Product Generator user
interface.
XPro DSM Extraction is providing dense point clouds from ADS imagery. The extraction
approach used is Semi-Global Matching (SGM), which is suited for high-performance and
high-resolution DSM computation.
Running of XPro DSM Extraction sets higher requirements for the system memory than any
other of the XPro applications - 8 GByte or more RAM is required.
Product Generation is a time consuming process, the use of distributed HPC environment is
highly recommended.
Input data The input files for Product Generation are:
Block definition file (*.blf) created by BlockPrep It contains:
- *.stp file (one per take)

- *.eop file (one per take)
- *.fpt file (one per band) - used to determine the bounding box for rectification
- *.ctg file (CT file in GPS time, one per band)
- *.sup/*.ads/*.tif (raw L0 data)
- *.tfw/*.tif (elevation source) - DEM file is optional. Users have the choice to select
elevation source from: one of DEM file defined in the block; SRTM or GTopo global
elevation file; a constant height; an average Take height.
Input Data for DSM Extraction

XPro DSM uses ADS L0 images as input. The images have to be with the existing image
pyramids. Whether Panchromatic, Green or Near Infrared images can be used as input.
The images would have to be in the Block i.e. XPro Block Preparation step has to be completed.
Output data rectified images (*.tif with *.ads); their georeference files - support files (*.sup),
orientation files (*.odf, *.odf.adj, if applicable) for L1 products and *.tfw files for L2
products
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Product Generation
shape files of L1 and L2 product footprints in WGS84 Geographic coordinate system.
meta data files (*.xml)
Output Data for DSM Extraction

After the completed DSM Extraction the Output folder contains:
- dense point cloud files in LAS 1.2 format
- thinned point cloud files in LAS 1.2 format
- processing logs
- 5-band RGBNZ tiff images, as option
Output points carry GPS time of capturing the Nadir looking view.
According to the user selection the output can be colorized - with whether RGB- or FCIR
information, making it to an image cloud.
Product Start the Product Creation from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Product Generator
Generation or click to the Product Generator button on XPro toolbar.
Workflow
Figure 9-1: Start Product Generator
Product Generator user interface brings up the Footprint view with the additional views for
listing Takes, Digital Elevation Models, Areas of Interest and Jobs.
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Product Generation Workflow
Figure 9-2: Product Generator user interface
Select Block Select Block from File > Open Block ...
Multiple Blocks can be loaded into Product Generator.
Figure 9-3: Select Block
The Takes of the Block get listed in the Take view and appear at the Footprint view.
User can activate/deactivate Takes for defining the Product Generation Jobs by clicking the
check box in the Take list view.
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Product Generation
Figure 9-4: Block loaded
Open AOI In case there is intention to generate products from parts of the Take areas, then add an Area of
Interest (AOI). Select from File > Open AOI and browse to a ESRI shape file.
The shape files could be created with Drawing in XPro QC Viewer or could come from other
sources.
Coordinate system of Shape files is defined in the .prj file, which usually accompanies the .shp
file.
In addition to WGS84 Geographic also UTM and Grid State Plane Coordinate
Systems (both in 2D) are supported.
In case the .prj file is missing then WGS84 Geographic is assumed.
User can activate/deactivate a loaded AOI for defining the Product Generation Jobs by clicking
the check box in the Areas of Interest list view.
Open DEM User can add Digital Elevation Models in addition to the worldwide gTopo and SRTM by
browsing from File > Open DEM.
The boundary of the worldwide DEM-s is shown in Product Generator as bounding box around
the loaded Block(s) only.
Activate/deactivate a loaded DEM for defining the Product Generation Jobs by clicking the
check box in the Digital Elevation Models list view.
Edit Product User creates product generation jobs with the help of wizard by selecting a combination from
Templates the existing Product Templates and specifying additionally the Project Settings.
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Product Templates are for Product Settings, Radiometric Settings and Output Settings. Output
Settings are kept separately for image products and for DSM products.
Leica XPro installation comes with a set of predefined Product Templates, however, in most
cases users wish to define and save according to their needs new product templates.
Product Templates are saved in the .xml files in folder ...\etc\producttemplates\ at XPro
installation - typically at:
C:\Program Files\Leica Geosystems\XPro\etc\producttemplates\
Edit Product Settings Template

Select Edit > Products for opening the template edit window.
Figure 9-5: Open Product Settings Template editing
Window pops up with the list of already saved product setting templates.
Click to the green Add new template icon below the list for adding a new Product Settings
template. Give a meaningful name to the new template.
Figure 9-6: Add Product Settings Template
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Product Generation
Define the product setting properties of: Type, Bands, Looks, Channel, Sampling, HiRes.
Click Apply to get the newly defined template added to the list.
User can edit the already defined Product Setting templates in the list or also remove any of the
templates.
Edit DSM Product Settings Template

In case DSM is selected for product Type, then the template changes.
Figure 9-7: Edit DSM Product Settings Template
Image bands for DSM extraction

Define in Base Info the Base image band - usually Panchromatic or Green and in Nadir
viewing angle.
Select in First Pair the image band which will be matched to the Base image.
User has option to select an additional viewing angle image in Second Pair.
DSM Extraction with 2 stereo angles (Backward Nadir & Nadir Forward) is significantly
more time consuming, but will lead in several cases to a better point coverage.
In specific cases, as snow covered surfaces, using NIR image bands as input can be preferred.
Existing image pyramids are required for the input images.
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Thinning Rate
In addition to the main product defined in Extraction Mode DSM extraction outputs also the
thinned point cloud. Point cloud Thinning Rate options are:
- Mild about 95% of points are thinned out
- Medium about 97% of points are thinned out
- Aggressive about 99% of points are thinned out
Extraction Mode
Select one of the Extraction Modes:
- Quick 8:1 uses image minification levels and does not go to matching on 1:1 image
- Intermediate 4:1 uses image minification levels and does not go to matching on 1:1
image
- Intermediate 2:1 uses image minification levels and does not go to matching on 1:1
image
- Full Resolution for applications as orthorectification, where DTM is targeted after
the point cloud treatment
- Full Resolution (Urban) for applications as city modeling, where DSM is targeted
Quick mode can be useful for overview DSM-s - the processing time is several times shorter
and density of the output point cloud is lower. Quick mode uses 8:1 image pyramid for matching
and minifies the point output to 16:1.
Full Resolution uses 1:1 image for matching and optionally minifies the point output to 2:1
when specified so in DSM Output Settings Template (see Edit DSM Output Settings
Template ).
Full Resolution (Urban) takes special care for not skipping the high features with relatively
small footprint (poles, towers) for matching.
Click OK when done with the Product Settings Template page.
Edit Radiometric Settings Template

Select Edit > Radiometries for opening the template edit window.
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Product Generation
Figure 9-8: Edit Radiometry Template
User can add a new template or edit the already defined Radiometry templates in the list or also
remove any of the templates.
Define the radiometric properties of: Radiometric Profile, Base Correction, Extended
Correction, Sharpening, TTC (Tonal Transfer Curve - from GPro workflow), Gamma, NIR
Scaling.
Radiometric Profile
When user selects Radiometric Profile, then the radiometric properties are used from the profile
and not from the other fields of the template.
For the field Radiometric Profile user is able to insert a profile or, alternatively, a folder where
the radiometric profiles have been saved. The folder would have to contain the profiles with the
matching Take names - as saved from QC Viewer Image Adjustment step (see Adjust the
image ).
148 Leica XPro

TTC (Tonal Transfer Curve)
The .bpf file from GPro has to be changed in order to use it in XPro. Instead of the band
definition 0, 1, .. the real CCD names have to be used e.g. instead of
BREAK_POINTS band=0 XPro accepts BREAK_POINTS band=GRNN00A.
It is recommended to verify and convert the GPro TTC files to XPro Radiometric Profiles in
Image Adjustment step.
Click OK when done with the Radiometric Settings Template page.
Edit Image Output Settings Template

Select Edit > Image Output for opening the template edit window.
Figure 9-9: Edit Image Output Template
User can add a new template or edit the already defined Image Output templates in the list or
also remove any of the templates.
Define the image output properties of: Output Format, Bit Depth, Tile Size [pixels], Max TIFF
Size [MB], Max TIFF Dimensions [pixels], Overlap Tiles [number of tiles], Clipping on Both
Sides [%], Generate Footprints.
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Product Generation
Click OK when done with the Image Output Template page.
Edit DSM Output Settings Template

Select Edit > DSM Output for opening the template edit window.
Figure 9-10: Edit DSM Output Template
User can add a new template or edit the already defined DSM Output templates in the list or also
remove any of the templates.
Define the DSM output properties of: RGB- and FCIR Encoding to Info Cloud File, Minify Info
Cloud, Generate Raster Product (5-band tiff image), Output to LAS or to LAZ Format, Generate
TerraScan Trajectory, Sidelap Clipping, Keep Vertical Surfaces, Classify Vegetation, Generate
Footprints.
RGB- and FCIR Encoding to Info Cloud File

Each point from DSM extraction can carry RGB- or FCIR information from the Nadir looking
view.
The name of the output LAS files will reflect the used colour encoding.
150 Leica XPro

RGB- and FCIR encoding require Image Statistics for NIR, RED, GRN and BLU image
bands from Data Preparation step, as colorizing uses Atmospheric and BRDF correction.
Minify Info Cloud

When extracting DSM in Full Resolution 1:1 mode, it could be beneficial to get the output one
level minified in order to keep the number of the output points lower. When the option is
checked then the output is minified by one level.
Generate Raster Product

Users can order the output of 5-band (RGBNZ) tiff images from DSM extraction with height
information being the 5th band in the image.
GSD of the output 5-band image would have to be specified.
Output to LAS or to LAZ

Output format of the point cloud can be specified to whether LAS or to compressed LAZ.
Generate TerraScan Trajectory

DSM extraction has an option to provide TerraScan trajectory file in order to facilitate the
further LAS data processing steps.
Switching on the Create TerraScan trajectory (.trj) file check box will ensure that the
trajectory per Take gets exported into the DSM output subfolder.
Keep Vertical Surfaces

User has option to output points on vertical surfaces, as building facades, from DSM extraction.
The option is beneficial for other applications than ortho production.
Classify Vegetation
Users have option to Classify Vegetation based on NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index) in the output LAS files. Classes 3 - Low vegetation and 5 - High vegetation
The default values of the setting are: 3 - Low vegetation > 0.3 and 5 - High vegetation > 0.5.
Click OK when done with the DSM Output Template page.
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Product Generation
Create a Product Product generation Job has to be built as a combination of the existing Product Templates. User
Generation Job can build several Jobs which will be listed in the Job list window before executing them.
Click to Generate button starts the Job building wizard.
Figure 9-11: Start Job building wizard
Wizard walks through the Product Template pages - user has to select a template from the list
and then go the next page. New Job gets built when user finishes with the last wizard page which
defines Project Settings.
Select a template and click Next.
Figure 9-12: Select Product Settings
152 Leica XPro

Figure 9-13: Select Radiometric Settings
Figure 9-14: Select Output Settings
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Product Generation
User has options to go back to the previous wizard page by clicking the back arrow in the upper
left corner of the window or to cancel the Job creation.
Figure 9-15: Define Project Settings for L2 Generation
On the last wizard page user is asked to define the Project Settings: Reference System, Area of
Interest (AOI) and Exclusion as ESRI shape file, Ground Sample Distance (GSD), Elevation
Source, Minifications format, Output folder, product name Prefix.
Elevation Source
Specify the elevation source for product. The options are:
- Select a DEM - Browse to a DEM. DEM-s in IMG and TIFF format are supported.
The IMG and TIFF DEM-s would have to be 32 bit floating point single band images.
TIFF DEM-s would need to be accompanied with TFW world files.
- Global DEM - SRTM or GTopo global elevation file gets used - according to the
settings in xpro.ini (see Configure XPro Initialization file)
- DEM per Take - All the DEM files (.img or tif) for the list of takes have to be located
in one folder which user selects. The DEM files have to be named exactly according
to the corresponding takes (e.g. <take_name>.stp> corresponds to <take_name>.img)
- DEM from Block - Select one of the DEM files defined in the block. DEM-s in IMG
and TIFF format are supported. The IMG and TIFF DEM-s would have to be 32 bit
floating point single band images. TIFF DEM-s would need to be accompanied with
TFW world files.
- Constant Height - User is asked to type in the height
154 Leica XPro

- Average Take Height - The mean terrain height of each Take will be used. The mean
terrain height value is written into the .stp file in the georeferecing process in Data
Preparation - calculated based on the Take footprint and global DEM.
Define Project Settings for L1 Generation

The last wizard page for the Project Settings is slightly different in case user defines a L1
generation Job.
Figure 9-16: Project Settings for L1 Generation
Check in the Create Stereo Block option in case creating Stereo Block file for ArcMap Stereo
Analyst for ArcGIS extension (SAFA) is intended.
Define Project Settings for DSM Extraction

The last wizard page for the Project Settings differs slightly in case user defines a DSM
extraction Job.
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Product Generation
Figure 9-17: Project Settings for DSM Extraction
Output Exclusion Feature boundary as

When users input Exclusions as shapes into the DSM Extraction, then there is option to switch
on the Output Exclusion Feature boundary as: check box and have the vertices of the
exclusion polygons classify to a user defined class in the output LAS files. Class is 9 - Water
by default.
Click Finish for building the defined Job.

The Job gets listed in the Jobs window.
156 Leica XPro

Figure 9-18: Job listed
Users can Delete and Edit the Jobs by clicking the icons above the Jobs list.
The defined Workspace with the selected Block(s) and created Job(s) can be saved for future
use by selecting File > Save Workspace As ...
Figure 9-19: Save Workspace
Execute Jobs Click the Execute Job icon for submitting the listed Job(s) to product generation.
Figure 9-20: Execute Job
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Product Generation
Dialog window opens asking whether the Job has to be processed Locally or submitted to
HTCondor.
Figure 9-21: Submit
Process starts and delivers the products to the output folder location.
The logs of the process are gathered into the logs folder of XPro installation - typically at:
C:\Program Files\Leica Geosystems\XPro\logs\
Rectifier Monitor Rectifier Monitor enables to monitor the jobs submitted to HPC cluster.
Launch the Rectifier Monitor from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Rectifier
Monitor or click to the Rectifier Monitor button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 9-22: Start Rectifier Monitor
Minifier Minifier is a tool for submitting the L1 and L2 image pyramid generation jobs to HPC cluster.
Start the Minifier from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Minifier or click to the
Minifier button on XPro toolbar.
Figure 9-23: Start Minifier
Click Add button and browse for the L1 or L2 images for which the image pyramids are
required.
Options button will open the window for defining the configuration file, job submission
directory and the runner .bat file.
The guidance for setting up the HPC environment is found at Chapter 11 Appendix B - HTC
Setup .
158 Leica XPro

Figure 9-24: Minifier Options
Click Submit button to start the minifier job.
L0 Minifier
L0 Minifier tool allows to create L0 statistics and image pyramids outside of Data Preparation.
The minification jobs are submitted to the HPC cluster.
Start the L0 Minifier from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > MinifierL0.
Figure 9-25: L0 Minifier
The calculation of Statistics Parameters is further explained in Data Preparation Settings .

The guidance for setting up the HPC environment is found at Chapter 11 Appendix B - HTC
Setup .
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Product Generation
Product Export Tool Product Export Tool provides assistance for exporting the L1 products to a new location on
network- or on external drive with maintaining the correct data paths in the .sup file, which is
essential for using the image orientation in the new location.
Similarly, the tool can be used for data import and edit - modifying the data paths in the .sup
files with pointing to the intended data locations.
Product Export Tool has option to slice imagery - cutting L1 images in ground- and image
space.
Start the Product Export Tool from Programs > Leica Geosystems > XPro > Product Export
Tool.
Figure 9-26: Product Export Tool
Click Add button for selecting the image products for Export, Slice or Edit.
The selected images will be added into the product list.
Image names can be modified during the Export, Slice or Edit according to the settings in the
the Image Name dialog window. Click Pattern button for opening the Image Name window.
160 Leica XPro

Figure 9-27: Modify Image Name
Users have option to modify image name and to add prefix/suffix.

In case the existing image name does not contain all the standard fields, then the window part
with field editing is greyed out.
Figure 9-28: Product List
Select the Image Location folder for Export, Slice or Edit on the main window of Product
Export tool.
Option for selecting separate locations for Orientation and Sensor Calibration is offered after
checking off the Use Image Location for all files check-box.
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Product Generation
Sensor Calibration location is the upper folder containing one or several subfolders per
different ADS sensor heads.
Highlighting certain product(s) in the list works for Remove from List.
All products in the list, independent on the highlighting, will be further worked on after clicking
the Next button.
Edit
In case the products in the list had no valid reference to the image-, orientation- and calibration
files in the .sup file, then only the Edit mode becomes available after user has clicked the Next
button in the Product Export window.
Figure 9-29: Edit mode
Clicking Process button will edit the .sup files according to the selected data locations.
Export & Edit, Export & Slice

In case the products in the list already had valid reference to the image-, orientation- and
calibration files in the .sup file, then the available selections, after user has clicked the Next
button in the Product Export window, are Export & Edit and Export & Slice.
Export & Slice offers options for cutting L1 images in ground- or in image space.
While slicing in Image Space the units for the input Upper Left Corner, Size and Overlap are
in pixels.
Check in the Repeat Pattern box in case the input image(s) are required to be cut into multiple
slices.
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Figure 9-30: Export & Slice
While slicing in Ground Space the units for the input Anchor Point, Size and Overlap are the
same as for the Coordinate System which user selects.
Check in the Repeat Pattern box in case the input image(s) are required to be cut into multiple
slices.
Slicing in Ground Space provides stereo-viewable image tiles with 100% overlap.
Figure 9-31: Stereo-viewable image tiles with 100% overlap
For the Takes not flown in parallel to the coordinate system axis the sliced images are cut with
bounding area i.e. the area of the slice is larger than specified in the Size box.
Slicing supports distributed processing in HPC environment.
At the end of the process the sliced images together with shape files and orientation files are
populated into the predefined folder(s).
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Product Generation
164 Leica XPro

Chapter 10
Appendix A - Automated Point Matching File

Description
APM File
Description
This Section contains a description of different files that are used during
Automated Point Matching (APM). At times, it may be necessary for you
to edit the Tie Point Pattern files to achieve the best ties between your
ADS images.
The Level 0 (L0) APM Settings File (apm_settings.txt) is used for fine
tuning APM on L0 ADS images. Changes to the file are made by hand
editing the contents to suit the needs of the project. Care must be taken
not to introduce errors into the file that might cause problems in reading
the file.
Table 10-1: APM Settings File
Value Ran
Keyword Unit Default Description
Type ge
PATTERN_SAMP_START Double Percent 0-100 10 Across line start position of the first point to
find.
PATTERN_SAMP_REPEAT Double Percent 0-100 20 Across line repeat positions for each row of
lines to find.
PATTERN_SAMP_USER Multi- Percent 0-100 Across line positions for each row of lines to
Double find, specified by the user (in percent), e.g.
PATTERN_SAMP_USER 10.0 20.0 50.0 80.0
90.0
When this field is present, the
PATTERN_SAMP_START and
PATTERN_SAMP_REPEAT will be ignored.
PATTERN_LINE_START Integer Pixels >0 200 Along line start position of the first pixel to
find.
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Appendix A - Automated Point Matching File Description
Value Ran
Type ge
PATTERN_LINE_REPEAT Integer Pixels >0 500 Along line repeat distance to search for
points until the end of the line. ADS APM will
automatically adjust this value internally if
the value given is too large and thus not
provide the required amount of points to
form a strong photogrammetric solution.
The strongest geometry for ADS points is to
have three columns of points between
projection centers, if the value given here
does not meet this criteria, the software will
adjust this automatically.
PATTERN_LINE_USER Multi- Percent 0 - 100 Along line positions for each set of sample
double patterns to find, specified by the user (in
per-cent of total line length), e.g.
PATTERN_LINE_USER 10.0 30.0 50.0 70.0
90.0
When this field is present, the

PATTERN_LINE_START and
PATTERN_LINE_REPEAT will be ignored.
INLINE_INIT_MASTER_SE Integer Pixels >0 100 This is the width and height of the initial
ARCH_SIZE search area around the seed point on the
master image to locate an interest point.
INLINE_TARG_TEMPLATE_ Integer Pixels >0 24 This is the size of the image template given
SIZE in pixels.
INLINE_L1_ELEV Double Proj 1000 If the ELEV_MODE from above is set to

Dist MANUAL then this is the L1 rectification
Unit elevation used within the ADS APM to rectify
the master and target patches.
INLINE_MIN_ELEV Double Proj 800 If the ELEV_MODE from above is set to

Dist MANUAL then this is minimum elevation
Unit used for the epipolar search.
INLINE_MAX_ELEV Double Proj 1200 If the ELEV_MODE from above is set to

Dist MANUAL then this is maximum elevation
Unit used for the epipolar search.
INLINE_RMS_CUTOFF_PE Double Unitless >0 2.0 Represents gray value differences between
R_PIXEL the master and target templates.
INLINE_CORRELATION_CU Double Unitless 0-1.0 0.6 Cross-correlation threshold for inline

TOFF matches.
INLINE_PARALLAX_CUTOF Double Pixels 0 3.0 Parallax threshold used for discarding points
F while finding points in the same strip.
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APM File Description
Value Ran
Type ge
INLINE_EXPECTED_PARAL Integer Pixels >0 3 The a priori parallax error. This affects the
LAX search width and minification logic for the
target area. Increasing this value will
increase the number of pixels searched (at
the price of speed). Increase this value (and
the cutoff value) when large initial
parallaxes are observed.
TRANSFER_TEMPLATE_SIZ Integer Pixels >0 10 Size of the image template used for transfer
E operation.
TRANSFER_CORRELATION Double Unitless 0-1.0 0.6 Threshold correlation value to accept points
_CUTOFF during transfer.
TRANSFER_PARALLAX_CU Double Pixels >0 3.0 Parallax threshold used for discarding points
TOFF during a transfer operation.
TRANSFER_INLINE Integer Boolean 0 or 1 0 This option is used when adding bands to a

strip and transferring points to these new
bands without having to re-run the point
finding operation on the entire strip. Setting
value to 1 will allow the existing points to be
transferred to newly added band in the
same strip.
SUBPIXEL_SEARCH Integer Boolean 0 or 1 0 Sets whether subpixel matching estimation

will be used. Subpixel matching should
improve the matching accuracy. This should
be reflected in a smaller a-posteriori sigma0
in the AT. This function will increase
matching time.
RECTIFY_SUBBLOCK_SIZE Integer Pixels >0 5 The L1 subpatch to be rectified. A larger

value will increase speed but possible
decrease rectification accuracy (depending
on flight dynamics). A smaller value will
decrease speed but increase rectification
accuracy.
ALLOC_MAXSIZE Integer Bytes >0 4000000 The largest allowable buffer memory
allocation size to be created for reading
image buffers.
INTEREST_WINDOW_SIZE Integer Pixels >0 7 Interest operator window size (value should
be an odd number).
INTEREST_CIRCLE_CUTOF Double Unitless 0-1.0 0.75 Interest operator "roundness" cutoff for
F determine best interest point.
User Manual 167

Value Ran
Type ge
APM_MODE String FULL, FULL This tells the APM operation to find and
INLINE transfer points. Allows for transfer of points
_ONLY, only, find new points within ADS Lines only,
TRANS or perform both operations.
FER_O
NLY
ELEV_MODE String DEM, DEM This elevation mode is used to select the
MANUA method which APM will use to set the terrain
L height seed point for finding points. Valid
entries are DEM or MANUAL. The DEM
setting will force ADS APM to use the DEM
specified by the user in the XPro
initialization file or alternatively with the
DEM_NAME. Leica XPro installation supplies
a global JPTF DEM with grid spacing of 30
arc seconds (derived from USGS GTOPO30
dems). Accuracy varies by location but is
typically better than 100m.( MANUAL will
force the ADS APM to use elevations defined
within this settings file.
DEM_NAME String When the elevation mode is set to DEM, this

value can identify the full path of the JPTF
dem file. APM will use the default DEM
specified in the XPro initialization file.
DEM_ACCURACY Double Proj >0 50 This is a scalable value that allows you to set
Dist the perceived accuracy of the DEM. Since
Unit the JPTF DEM is roughly 1 km spacing, not
all regions on the surface of the earth can be
represented very well. For instance,
mountainous regions with many valleys and
fast changing terrain will not be described
very well with a coarse JPTF DEM. This value
allows the APM to expand the search along
the epi-polar line for points. A larger
DEM_ACCURACY value will open a longer
search space along the epi-polar line to
search for points. A larger value will also
generate more samples for the APM to test,
thus slowing down the overall APM process.
For flat terrain this value can be set lower,
but for mountainous regions, this might be
set higher to aid in finding more points.
INLINE_MATCHMODE Integer Integer 1,4 1 This is the algorithm used to match points.
1 = Conventional epi-polar constrained
cross-correlation; 4 = Hierarchical search
cross-correlation
168 Leica XPro

Value Ran
Type ge
TRANSFER_MATCHMODE Integer 1,4 1 This is the algorithm used to match points.

1 = Conventional epi-polar constrained
cross-correlation; 4 = Hierarchical search
cross-correlation
USE_MULTITHREADING Integer Boolean 0 or 1 0 Whether to use multi-threaded approach
NUM_THREADS Integer >=1 By default, the number of threads created

will be equal to the number of processors
de-fined in the environment variable
(NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS). The user can
set this to any value they choose.
TP_FILE_FORMAT String IPT, IPT IPF is the old SOCET SET image point format
IPF, (which can be imported directly into Orima).
BOTH IPT is the new format in XPro.
PRESMOOTH_IMAGES Integer Boolean 0 or 1 1 Smooth the imagery before matching. This

is useful with SH40 data where there is a
mix of PAN and GRN lines. The GRN lines
tend to be noisier than the pan, so
smoothing improves matching performance.
Not needed for normal SH52 data.
POINT_CLUSTER Integer Boolean 0 or 1 0 Option to try to match a single point at the

pre-calculated line/sample position, or a
cluster of 5 points at the line/sample
position. The cluster will have 5 points
equally distributed with an area with the
width of
INLINE_INIT_MASTER_SEARCH_SIZE. Final
matched points will likely move from their
pre-calculated positions in order to find an
appropriate interest point - or no match may
result due to poor imagery.
APM_MODE FULL
This is will always be set to FULL for running APM from within XPro. This
tells the APM operation to find and transfer points.
ELEV_MODE DEM
This elevation mode is used to select the method which APM will use to set
the terrain height seed point for finding points. Valid entries are DEM, or
MANUAL.
The DEM setting will force ADS APM to use a USGS GTOPO30 DEM. The
USGS GTOPO30 DEM is coarse, 30 arc second, grid of points with global
coverage. These are freely downloadable and usable from:
http://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/gtopo30.html
User Manual 169

MANUAL will force the ADS APM to use elevations defined within this
settings file.
DEM_NAME
Leica XPro installation supplies a global JPTF DEM. gtopoDem_ell.jptf unifies all
GTOPO30 dems into 1 file giving the global coverage. APM will use the default
DEM specified in the XPro initialization file. Still, this value can be used to override
and identify the full path of the JPTF dem file.
DEM_ACCURACY 100
This is a scalable value that allows you to set the perceived accuracy of the
DEM. Since the GTOPO30 DEM is roughly 1 km spacing, not all regions on
the surface of the earth can be represented very well. For instance,
mountainous regions with many valleys and fast changing terrain will not be
described very well with a coarse GTOPO30 DEM. This value allows the APM
to expand the search along the epi-polar line for points. A larger
DEM_ACCURACY value will open a longer search space along the epi-polar
line to search for points. A larger value will also generate more samples for
the APM to test, thus slowing down the overall APM process. For flat terrain
this value can be set lower, but for mountainous regions, this might be set
higher to aid in finding more points.
PATTERN_SAMP_START 5
Across line start position of the first point to find, this value is given in
percentage.
PATTERN_SAMP_REPEAT 20
Across line repeat positions for each row of lines to find, this value is given
in percentage.
PATTERN_LINE_START 500
Along line start position of the first pixel to find, this value is given in pixels.
PATTERN_LINE_REPEAT 500
Along line repeat distance to search for points until the end of the line. ADS
APM will automatically adjust this value internally if the value given is too
large and thus not provide the required amount of points to form a strong
photogrammetric solution. The strongest geometry for ADS points is to
have three columns of points between projection centers, if the value given
here does not meet this criteria, the software will adjust this automatically.
INLINE_INIT_MASTER_SEARCH_SIZE 100
This is the size of search area at the seed point around the epi-polar line,
given in pixels.
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INLINE_TARG_TEMPLATE_SIZE 15
This is the seed size of the target template given in pixels.
INLINE_L1_ELEV 1000
If the ELEV_MODE from above is set to MANUAL then this is the L1
rectification elevation used within the ADS APM to rectify the master and
target patches. This value is given in meters.
INLINE_MIN_ELEV 300
If the ELEV_MODE from above is set to MANUAL then this is minimum
elevation used for the epi-polar search. This value is given in meters.
INLINE_MAX_ELEV 1200
If the ELEV_MODE from above is set to MANUAL then this is maximum
elevation used for the epi-polar search. This value is given in meters.
INLINE_RMS_CUTOFF_PER_PIXEL 1.5
Represents gray value differences between template and slave on a pixel
ratio. This value is unitless.
INLINE_CORRELATION_CUTOFF 0.7
Cross-correlation threshold for inline matches. Values are unitless (0-1).
INLINE_EXPECTED_PARALLAX 3
The a priori parallax error. This affects the search width and minification
logic for the target area. Values are given in pixels.
INLINE_PARALLAX_CUTOFF 5
Parallax threshold used for discarding points while finding points in the same
strip. Values are in pixels.
TRANSFER_CORRELATION_CUTOFF 0.7
Threshold correlation value to accept points during transfer. Values are
unitless (0-1).
TRANSFER_PARALLAX_CUTOFF 5
Parallax threshold used for discarding points during a transfer operation.
Values are given in pixels.
TRANSFER_TEMPLATE_SIZE 15
Size of the template used for transfer operation. Values are given in pixels.
User Manual 171

TRANSFER_INLINE 0
This option is used when adding bands to a strip and transferring points to
these new bands without having to re-run the point finding operation on the
entire strip. Setting value to 1 will allow the existing points to be transferred
to newly added band in the same strip. Value of 0 is default and for the
normal workflow.
RECTIFY_SUBBLOCK_SIZE 8
The L1 subpatch to be rectified, unit is pixels.
ALLOC_MAXSIZE 4000000
The largest allowable buffer memory allocation size to be created for
reading image buffers, values is in bytes.
INTEREST_WINDOW_SIZE 7
Interest operator window size, the value is in pixels.
INTEREST_CIRCLE_CUTOFF 0.75
Interest operator "roundness" cutoff
APM Settings File APM Setting file example:

Example
APM_SETTINGS
;; apm settings file Nov 26
APM_MODE FULL
ELEV_MODE DEM
DEM_ACCURACY 50
PATTERN_SAMP_START 10
PATTERN_SAMP_REPEAT 40
;; PATTERN_SAMP_USER will override PATTERN_SAMP_START and
PATTERN_SAMP_REPEAT
PATTERN_SAMP_USER 5.0 15.0 50.0 85.0 95.0
PATTERN_LINE_START 500
PATTERN_LINE_REPEAT 500
;; PATTERN_LINE_USER will override PATTER_LINE_START and
PATTERN_LINE_REPEAT
PATTERN_LINE_USER 10.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 90.0
POINT_CLUSTER 0
172 Leica XPro

INLINE_INIT_MASTER_SEARCH_SIZE 100
INLINE_TARG_TEMPLATE_SIZE 15
INLINE_L1_ELEV 1000
INLINE_MIN_ELEV 400
INLINE_MAX_ELEV 1000
INLINE_RMS_CUTOFF_PER_PIXEL 1.5
INLINE_CORRELATION_CUTOFF 0.7
INLINE_EXPECTED_PARALLAX 4
INLINE_PARALLAX_CUTOFF 6
TRANSFER_CORRELATION_CUTOFF 0.7
TRANSFER_PARALLAX_CUTOFF 7
TRANSFER_TEMPLATE_SIZE 15
TRANSFER_INLINE 0
SUBPIXEL_SEARCH 1
RECTIFY_SUBBLOCK_SIZE 4
ALLOC_MAXSIZE 4000000
INTEREST_WINDOW_SIZE 11
INTEREST_CIRCLE_CUTOFF 0.75
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174 Leica XPro

Chapter 11
Appendix B - HTC Setup

This Section contains a description of High Throughput Computing (HTC) setup for Leica
XPro.
Introduction A HPC Cluster consists of at least 6 computers. One will be the server, one submitter and four
nodes. It is recommended to have a high performance graphics card in the submitter for QC
applications.
Server configuration:
- NAS System - 4 GB RAM (8 GB suggested)
- hard drive for OS and SW
- RAID for data
- 10Gb LAN or better
- Server 2008 R2
- .Net Framework 2.0 SP1
- HTCondor 8.0.6 (or newer stable release)
- Leica XPro 6.x
- CLM Administrator Server (License Manager Server)
- Share drive for SW (Leica XPro)
- Share drive(s) for Data
Node configuration:
- 4 GB RAM or more (12 GB RAM for XPro DSM or more)
- hard drive for OS, dual core processor
- Windows 7 x64 or Server 2008 R2
- Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0 SP1
- Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package (x64)
(vcredist_x64.exe can be downloaded from Microsofts webpage)
- Microsoft .NET Framework 4 (dotNetFx40_Full_x86_x64.exe)
- CLM Activation Service (clm-activation-service-x64.msi)
- CLM Administrator Local (License Manager Local)
Submitter configuration:
- 4 GB RAM or more
User Manual 175

- hard drive for OS, dual core processor

- Optional small but fast raid to hold a local copy of job related data
- Windows 7 x64 or Server 2008 R2
- NVIDIA 8800 series (NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GTX recommended)
- Microsoft .Net Framework 2.0 SP1
- Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package (x64)
(vcredist_x64.exe can be downloaded from Microsofts webpage)
- Microsoft .NET Framework 4 (dotNetFx40_Full_x86_x64.exe)
- Leica XPro 6.x
- CLM Administration Local (License Manager Local)
HTCondor Manual
Current manual of your HTCondor installation can be found in different formats at:
http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/manual/
The installation part can be found at:

http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/manual/v8.0/3_2Installation.html
FAQ of HTCondor chapter 7 in the .pdf version:

http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/manual/v8.0/7_Frequently_Asked.html
Activating Windows
Windows needs to be activated on all nodes.
If you need to activate the system after an new installation go to:
Control Panel-> System->Change Product Key
and type in the key for the current system (the one used during installation).
176 Leica XPro

HTCondor installation instructions on Windows
HTCondor
installation
instructions on
Windows
Prerequisites
P1
Use Windows Server 2008 (R2, x64 recommended) to use as the cluster master. This machine
is also used as the shared installation location for Leica XPro that all the submitters and cluster
nodes use. Windows XP is not recommended as it has a limit of 10 concurrent network
connections. This machine must have reliable network connectivity and we recommend
trunked connections for redundancy. This is also an ideal machine for the license server. For our
examples we will call this machine cluster-master.leica.com
P2
Windows 7 x64 or Server 2008 R2 for submission nodes. Please have a list of the machine
names and IP addresses. For our example, we shall call these machines cluster-
submitter.leica.com
P3
Windows 7 x64 or Server 2008 R2 for worker nodes. Please have a list of these machine names
and IP addresses. For our example, we shall call these machines cluster-worker1.leica.com
P4
All machines must be part of an active directory. This is important to eliminate authentication
issues.
P5
Proper DNS service functioning on the network.
P6
A list of all data shares (both drive letters and UNC names) that the production environment
uses and needs to be accessible to the cluster. A single user account and password that has
read/write permissions to all the above shared folders is required. We strongly suggest using
DFS (Distributed File System), to simplify this to a single DFS root share to be mapped by all
production users.
P7
For the ease of setup and maintenance all machines in the cluster should have RDP (Remote
Desktop Protocol) turned on.
User Manual 177

P8
On the cluster-master machine setup a share called XPro. Set the permissions so that the
account in P6 can read/write from this share. If you are using DFS you can mount this share as
a DFS leaf with a name such as cluster_software
P9
Download the latest stable HTCondor version (8.0.2) from the HTCondor website
(http://research.cs.wisc.edu/htcondor/downloads) and store it in the share created in P8.
P10
An account with administrator rights on all cluster machines to use for installation of
HTCondor.
IT infrastructure
testing
DNS testing
T1
From the machine identified as the cluster master open a command line window and confirm
that it can ping the submitters and worker nodes by DNS name:
i.e.: ping cluster-worker1.leica.com
Response should be the IP address.
Repeat for all worker nodes and all submitters and ensure the name resolves to the correct
IP!
T2
Login to worker nodes and confirm they have correct DNS resolution for the cluster master:
i.e.: ping cluster-master.leica.com
Response should be the IP address for the master machine.
Repeat for all the worker nodes!
T3
Login to submitters nodes and confirm they have correct DNS resolution for the cluster
master:
i.e.: ping cluster-master.leica.com
Response should be the IP address for the master machine.
Repeat for all the submitter nodes!
178 Leica XPro

We are now confident that the DNS resolution is correct. If you had any errors above or
timeouts getting a response, there is no point in continuing as HTCondor WILL NOT work
reliably.
Drive mapping testing
T4
Edit the attached "drive_map.bat" batch file using the information from P6 and put it in the
shared folder you created in step P8.
T5
From each worker and submitter node execute the batch file and ensure the shares from P6 are
accessible for read and write.
We are now confident that the nodes and submitter can map the drives required.
User Manual 179

Installation for Master- In case users would be ready to set up the environment in the way that full XPro is
and Submitter Nodes installed on Submitter Nodes, then the requirement of using the UNC paths is not there.
Open File Security Warning

In order to get rid of this warning during software installation from trusted sources like your
local host, go to the IE -> InternetOptions->Security->TrustedSites->Sites and add your local
machine. However this differs depending on the Windows OS (Windows 7, Server2008) where
and if you have to add the qualified name of the domain, e.g. file://*.hostname.domain
An other way to add local shares is to add the machine to the Local Internet at the Security tab.
Help can be found at:
http://support.tabs3.com/main/R11124.htm
On Server2008 turn off UAC. Go to Start > Settings > Control Panel > User Accounts
1. Install XPro into the local default installation folder (e.g. C:\Program Files\Leica
Geosystems\XPro).
2. Edit the xpro.ini to set condor_temp_dir = C:\XPRO_Temp and point to the share letter used for
the Calibrations folder location = s:\calibrations.
3. Rename and edit the xpro_condor_runner_OS_ARCH.bat files that were created by the
installer. You need to modify these by pasting the contents of the drive_map.bat file into
these files so that they can correctly map the data.
Newer Condor versions use OpSys Windows to identify the operating system and ARCH
X86_64 for both AMD and Intel 64-bit processors or INTEL for Intelx86 (Pentium, Xenon,
etc.).
The previously delivered bat files were removed from the installer:
xpro_condor_runner_WINNT61/WINNT60/WINNT52/WINNT50_INTEL/X86_64.bat
4. Start Leica XPro to ensure it works on the master (to ensure no missing DLL errors or similar).
5. Install HTCondor.
Add the bin directory of your HTCondor installation to the System PATH variable
6. In c:\Condor edit the condor_config or condor_config.local file:

## If you want to "lie" to Condor about how many CPUs your machine has
set (#NUM_CPUS = N) NUM_CPUS = 1
## If your site needs to use TCP updates to the collector

UPDATE_COLLECTOR_WITH_TCP = True
COLLECTOR_SOCKET_CACHE_SIZE = 300
## If you wish to prevent overwriting *dag.lib.err
180 Leica XPro

DAGMAN_ON_EXIT_REMOVE = (ExitBySignal == false)
## to ensure dagman does not lose jobs

DAGMAN_MAX_JOBS_SUBMITTED = 350
DAGMAN_MAX_SUBMITS_PER_INTERVAL = 10
- Restart the HTCondor service (net start condor or condor restart, condor_startd)
The HTCondor service might take several minutes until it starts.
- use command condor_status to check the number of virtual machines. After editing the
condor_config file there should be only one machine listed per node. If up till now only the
server is configured AND the server is not used as a node, then no machines will be listed.
7. Once installation is complete do a condor_status command and confirm HTCondor responds

and you see an empty queue.
Open the Task Manager/Processes and verify that condor_master, condor_collector,
condor_negotiator, condor_schedd and condor_procd have started
8. Use the condor_store_cred add command to add the user name and password using the
account created in P6.
If the desired processes / daemons have not started and are not visible in the task-manager check
the variable DAEMON_LIST in the condor_config file.
A typical master node should control the following daemons.
DAEMON_LIST = MASTER SCHEDD COLLECTOR NEGOTIATOR
A submitter will have

DAEMON_LIST = MASTER SCHEDD
And an executer will have in addition STARTD
Checking of different HTCondor variables is essential for running and security issues:
HOSTALLOW_WRITE = *
User Manual 181

Installation option B Optional installation if IT environment restrictions / limitations apply

for Master Node
installation
Open File Security Warning

In order to get rid of this warning during installation of software from trusted sources like your
local host, go to the IE -> InternetOptions->Security->TrustedSites->Sites and add your local
machine. However this differs from one Windows OS (Windows 7, Server2008) that you have
to add the qualified name of the domain, e.g. file://*.hostname.domain
An other way to add local shares is to add the machine to the Local Internet at the Security tab.
Help can be found at:
http://support.tabs3.com/main/R11124.htm
On Server2008 turn off UAC from Start > Settings > Control Panel > User Accounts.
1. Install XPro into the share created in P8 above. Do a full installation.
2. Edit the xpro.ini to point to the share letter used for the Leica XPro installation for the
location of all required files. For example if the share is the S drive edit xpro.ini to point
to s:\XPro\etc for the required data.
3. Rename and edit the xpro_condor_runner_OS_ARCH.bat template file that was created by
the installer (depending on the Windows and Condor versions you are using). You need to
modify these by pasting the contents of the drive_map.bat file into these files so that they can
correctly map the data.
Newer Condor versions use OpSys Windows to identify the operating system and ARCH
X86_64 for both AMD and Intel 64-bit processors or INTEL for Intelx86 (Pentium, Xenon,
etc.).
The previously delivered bat files were removed from the installer:
xpro_condor_runner_WINNT61/WINNT60/WINNT52/WINNT50_INTEL/X86_64.bat
4. Start Leica XPro to ensure it works on the master (to ensure no missing DLL errors or similar).
- Add the bin directory of your HTCondor installation to the System PATH variable.
182 Leica XPro

- In c:\Condor edit the condor_config or condor_config.local file:




- Restart the HTCondor service (net start condor or condor restart, condor_startd)
The HTCondor service might take several minutes until it starts.
- use command condor_status to check the number of virtual machines. After editing
the condor_config file there should be only one machine listed per node. If until now
only the server is configured AND the server is not used as a node, then no machines
will be listed.
6. Once installation is complete do a condor_status command and confirm HTCondor responds

and you see an empty queue. .
Open the Task Manager/Processes and verify that condor_master, condor_collector,
condor_negotiator, condor_schedd and condor_procd have started.
If the desired processes / daemons are not started and are not visible in the task-manager check
the variable DAEMON_LIST in the condor_config file.
A typical master node should control the following daemons.
DAEMON_LIST = MASTER SCHEDD COLLECTOR NEGOTIATOR
A submitter will have

DAEMON_LIST = MASTER SCHEDD
And an executer will have in addition STARTD
Checking of different HTCondor variables is essential for running and security issues:
HOSTALLOW_WRITE = *
User Manual 183

Installation option B Optional installation if IT environment restrictions / limitations apply

for Submitter Node
installation
1. Using the "drive-map.bat" to map the shares go into the share where XPro is installed. Create
shortcuts on the desktop for productgenerator.exe, rectifymonitor.exe and dataprep.exe
(\\Tango3100nas\xpro\XPro\productgenerator.exe, using the UNC path).
2. From the shared XPro directory in the prereq\ folder install the vcredist_x64.exe.
3. Start Leica XPro to confirm it works. We strongly suggest you start a small rectification job on
the LOCAL machine to confirm everything is working and the data can be mapped correctly.
Also save this recitification job file, so we can use it for testing the remote worker nodes later.
You can start this local test and move onto the next steps while it runs
4. Install HTCondor on the submitter machine.
5. Use the condor_store_cred add command to add the user name and password using the
account created in P6.




- Restart the HTCondor service (net start condor or condor restart, condor_startd). The
HTCondor service might take several minutes until it starts.
- Use command condor_status to check the number of virtual machines. After editing
the condor_config file there should be only one machine listed per node. If up until
now only the server is configured AND the server is not used as a node, then no
machines will be listed yet.
7. Type condor_q and see if HTCondor returns the empty queue.
8. Manually create a XPRO_Temp folder on the submitter machine. This is where the job queue
will go.
184 Leica XPro

Installation on the The procedure for the installation on the Worker nodes applies in both installation cases
Worker nodes - it is not dependent on whether Installation option B for Master- and Submitter nodes
is used or not.
1. From the XPro share prereq\ folder install the vcredist_x64.exe, dotNetFx40_Full_x86_x64.exe
and clm-activation-service-x64.msi.




- Restart the HTCondor service (net start condor or condor restart, condor_startd). The
condor service might take several minutes until it starts.
- Use command condor_status to check the number of virtual machines. After editing
the condor_config file there should be only one machine listed per node. If up until
now only the server is configured AND the server is not used as a node, then no
machines will be listed.
4. Type condor_q and see if HTCondor returns the empty queue.
5. Type condor_status command and you should see a list of the worker nodes already installed
in the cluster. Ensure the node name you are working on is visible.
User Manual 185

Full Test
1. Login to the server machine edit the xpro_condor_runner_WINNT61_INTEL.bat in

s:\Program Files\Leica Geosystems\XPro, modifying the mapping drives section strings to
match drive letters and User account information (depending on your environment may require
user@yourdomain).
2. Login to the submitter machine.
3. Confirm the local job on the submitter machine ran fine. If it didn't examine the log files to find
out why. It's most likely a drive mapping or xpro.ini problem.
4. Now load the job you ran locally and instead of submitting it to run locally, submit it to run on
the cluster (e.g. Rectifier > Rectify > Generate > Submit to HTCondor).
5. Start rectifiermonitor and you should see the job listed in the queue as queued or idle
6. Within a few minutes that job should change to running and we should see the % complete
count up.
7. Submit more jobs and the other nodes should pick these up and run.
8. If jobs run and stop very quickly it indicates a drive mapping, file permission, or file not found
issue. Please zip up the .log, .err, and .out files from the XPRO_Temp folder on the submission
machine for sending to support.
9. The 2003 Server Standard edition does not have the ICS installed by default.
Additionally we want to make sure that the firewall is switched off for now.
Therefore go to your network connection, TCP/IP Firewall (it will tell you that you have to
install -> yes) and switch the firewall off.
10. Verify that c:\condor\bin is included to the PATH (right click on My Computer > Properties >
Advanced > Environment Variables > System Variables
If using Asian Regional Settings add the full PATH to the entries in the xpro.ini file
(instead the default XPRO_ROOT).
Specify Local License Specify the Local License Sever location in the xpro.ini file.
Server See Application setup for detailed installation instructions.
186 Leica XPro

Potential issues Condor provides different diagnosis tools to get more information about the status of available
machines and status of jobs.
condor_status
<machine> -long
condor_q
condor_q -analyze
condor_q -l <jobnumber>
If the OS of a submitter machine and the possible executing node differs, the jobs may not be
executed.
In order to execute a job the normal expectation is, to have the same environment on the
execution machine as the submitter machine. Therefore in the submit process some default
Requirements are added with the local values.
This can happen with the OpSys variable.
The local value can be checked with condor_status <machine> -long
For versions later than 7.7.2 (OpSys == "WINDOWS") is the general expression for all
Windows versions.
For previous versions use the older expressions as listed below::
Windows 7 x64 WINNT61
Windows XP x86 WINNT51
Windows XP x64 WINNT52

Windows 2008 WINNT60
Windows 2003 WINNT52
Adding the variable which leads to the rejection to the .sub file resolves this issue.
Requirements = (VirtualMachineID == 1) && (OpSys == "WINNT61")
User Manual 187

188 Leica XPro

Index
A
ADS80 31
APM file descriptions 175
I
Installation 3
M
MM80 connection parts 28
S
System Requirements 3
User Manual 189

Index
190

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Leica XPro 6.2

Document release: 6.2-6, 14-08-2014

Windows, Windows XP and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Software License Agreement

Using raw MM data in workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Open DEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

This manual describes how to use Leica XPro software.

Where to get assistance and training

Installation and Configuration

IBM PC-compatible computer,

Windows 7 64-bit OS, English language, English language.

Windows Server 2008 for High Performance Computing (HPC) environment.

3 GHz processor speed, total of 8 cores or more

- one unused PCIe slot on the backplane

- one unused PCIe slot on the backplane

APM settings file

Global elevation file

Location of XPro license server

Please note - xpro.ini file does not support backslashes.

Node locked licenses

Leica XPro uses floating licenses.

ORIMA DP M license setup

Either ORIMA BA with LGS FlexNet licensing or alternatively ORIMA DP M license is

On the local license server:

Node locked licenses

Check out of floating licenses

Borrowing of floating licenses

Activation of upgrades or renewed Software Maintenance

Important before re-installing the operating system

Figure 2-1: Licensing Overview

Important when upgrading from older Leica licensing tools

Figure 2-2: Example Z/I Software Packages

Figure 2-3: Installation Dialogue

2. Click Install to continue with the installation procedure

Figure 2-4: Installation Next

3. Click Next to continue with the installation procedure

Figure 2-5: Software License Agreement

4. Do one of the following:

5. Click Next to continue installation

Figure 2-6: Complete Installation

6. Click Finish to complete the installation.

Using Node Locked

Procedure to activate the node locked license

To activate the license, follow these steps:

Figure 2-7: Open CLM Local software

Figure 2-8: Configure Proxy Server settings

Select page Options

Enter the Proxy Server configuration data

Confirm with clicking Apply

3. Enter the software product Entitlement ID.

Figure 2-9: Enter Entitlement ID

Click Check for activatable licenses

Figure 2-10: Licenses to activate

4. Activate the license by clicking Activate new licenses

Figure 2-11: Activated licenses

5. Close CLM Local software.

- Setup more than one local license server

- Contact Customer Support to get the floating licenses combined in an Entitlement ID