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    Phylum Urochordata: Class Ascidiacea

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    isfatun chasanah
    The document discusses three classes of urochordates: ascidians, larvaceans, and thaliaceans. Ascidians are also known as sea squirts and lack a notochord as adults. Their tadpole larvae have a notochord but it does not extend into the head. Adult ascidians are sessile filter feeders. Larvaceans have an elongated flat body and secrete a jelly-like house. Thaliaceans include barrel-shaped doliolids and larger salps, which can be solitary or aggregate together.

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    Phylum Urochordata: Class Ascidiacea

    Uploaded by

    isfatun chasanah
    117 views2 pages
    The document discusses three classes of urochordates: ascidians, larvaceans, and thaliaceans. Ascidians are also known as sea squirts and lack a notochord as adults. Their tadpole larvae have a notochord but it does not extend into the head. Adult ascidians are sessile filter feeders. Larvaceans have an elongated flat body and secrete a jelly-like house. Thaliaceans include barrel-shaped doliolids and larger salps, which can be solitary or aggregate together.

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    Keanekaragaman Hewan

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    Urochordata English

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    The document discusses three classes of urochordates: ascidians, larvaceans, and thaliaceans. Ascidians are also known as sea squirts and lack a notochord as adults. Their tadpole larvae have a notochord but it does not extend into the head. Adult ascidians are sessile filter feeders. Larvaceans have an elongated flat body and secrete a jelly-like house. Thaliaceans include barrel-shaped doliolids and larger salps, which can be solitary or aggregate together.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    117 views2 pages

    Phylum Urochordata: Class Ascidiacea

    Uploaded by

    isfatun chasanah
    The document discusses three classes of urochordates: ascidians, larvaceans, and thaliaceans. Ascidians are also known as sea squirts and lack a notochord as adults. Their tadpole larvae have a notochord but it does not extend into the head. Adult ascidians are sessile filter feeders. Larvaceans have an elongated flat body and secrete a jelly-like house. Thaliaceans include barrel-shaped doliolids and larger salps, which can be solitary or aggregate together.

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    of 2

    sea squirts or tunicates

    notochord present only in free-swimming larvum


    notochord does not extend into head
    larvum is free-swimming but non-feeding
    adult is sessile filter feeder

    Ascidians
    Adult ascidians lack a notochord and there is only a single ganglion in place of the
    dorsal nerve cord.
    Of the five characteristics of chordates adults possess only two: pharyngeal gill slits
    and an endostyle, both of which they use in filter feeding.
    The adult sea squirt draws water in through an incurrent siphon and pushes it back
    out an excurrent one.
    Food particles are filtered out in the pharyngeal slits with mucus from the endostyle
    used to trap particles.

    PHYLUM UROCHORDATA
    Urochordates do not have a backbone but share our phylum, because during a stage in their life
    cycle they have a primitive notochord. The y are represented in the plankton by three main
    classes.
    CLASS ASCIDIACEA
    A common ascidacean is the sea squirt, which is typically found on the seabed or attached to
    the bottom of ships. It has a larval stage called an ascidian tadpole (as it superficially resembles
    a frog tadpole) which often occurs in plankton samples.
    Ascidian tadpole larvae (from Wickstead, 1965).

    CLASS LARVACEA
    Larvaceans, also known as appendicularia, have an elongated, flat paper- like body of varying
    width. They have a head which usually appears to be very loosely attached to the body and is
    often broken off in samples. They secrete a jelly- like house inside which they live, but the
    house and animal are generally sampled separately when they are caught in the plankton net.
    Examples of appendicularia (From Wickstead, 1965).
    CLASS THALIACEA
    There are two main groups of thaliaceans. The doliolids are barrel-shaped and have complete
    and separate circles of muscle-bands around the body e.g. Doliolum. They have a complex life
    history involving three stages, apart from the larvae. One of the stages is sometimes found in a
    disintegrating form (old nurse), where the individual becomes very flabby and the muscle band
    widen till they can become continuo us in some species.
    The second group, the salps, are generally larger than doliolids and have more jelly in their
    bodies. In salps, some of the muscle bands join together at certain points and do not go
    completely round the body e.g. Thalia. They have a less complex life cycle than dolioids. The
    asexual individuals live singly and are called solitary. They bud off sexual individuals in a
    chain, which stick together for some time, so are called the aggregate phase.
    Examples of thaliaceans (A-C From Wickstead, 1965). A: Thalia democratica, aggregate form;
    B: Thalia democratica, solitary form; C: Doliolum sp. D: Doliolum sp. old nurse stage (From
    Fraser, 1947).

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