VoLTE and SRVCC

2014-07

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Agenda

Overview of LTE
IMS Network
Standards and Test Requirements
VoLTE, Call Continuity, and IMS Services (RCS)
VoLTE vs VoIP and Other Solutions
VoLTE in Detail
Mobility/Call Continuity (SRVCC)
IMS Services (RCS)
Anritsu Solutions for VoLTE and Call Continuity
Anritsu Products Supporting New Features and Requirements

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LTE-SAE/EPC System Architecture

SGSN
2G/3G
UTRAN
PCRF

HSS
MME

E-UTRAN EPC
Operator
S-GW Services

P-GW/PCEF
ePDG

WiFi 1xEV-DO

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System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Synonymous with Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
ALL IP Architecture
Key Features:
Higher data rates and Reduce Latency
Multi-RAT Support
Allows integration of Non-3GPP networks
Optimized for all IP services

http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/100-the-evolved-packet-core

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LTE-EPC Network Nodes

MME (Mobility Management Entity)

UE Mobility Control
Security MME
Authentication
Bearer path control S6a (3Gpp 29.272)
HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
Master Subscriber Database that stores:
User ID HSS
Numbering and service/subscription profiles
Generates security relation information

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LTE-SAE/EPC System Architecture

S-GW (Serving Gateway)

Routes data packets between the P-GW and E-UTRAN S-GW
Buffers downlink data during paging operations

P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway)

Default router to the UE providing IP assignment/PDN
P-GW/PCEF
Connectivity
Handles mobility between 3GPP/non-3GPP access
systems
QoS/Policy enforcement/charging/lawful interception

PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules

Function)
Policy and Charging Enforcement Function PCRF

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IMS Development & History
Developed by the cellular industry to meet growing needs
across the mobile, fixed and IT/computing networks
Designed to allow ubiquitous access to multimedia
services from an access terminal
IMS Standards were developed by 3G.IP formed in 1999,
which is now taken over by 3GPP
In 2010, GSMA announced at MWC that they were
supporting the One World initiative for carrying Voice
over LTE (VoLTE)
Operators decided to incorporate IMS capabilities

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IMS Network Architecture

AS
EPC HSS
I-CSCF
PGW IBCF

BGCF
PCRF
P-CSCF S-CSCF
MRFC
MGCF

MRFP MGW
TrGW
PSTN
Internet
Media

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Call Session Control Functions
Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)
Provides IMS access to
mobiles/Forwards SIP messages
between mobile and a S-CSCF
Emergency Services
Security and QoS
Compression of SIP messages
Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)
Selects S-CSCF
Provides Load Distribution
Serving CSCF (S-CSCF)
Acts as a SIP registrar and the
primary call server for certain
registered UEs

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Additional IMS Functions

Media Gateway Control Function

Controls Media Gateways
Translates signaling messages (converts SIP to
ISUP)

Breakout Gateway Control

Function
SIP proxy between the S-CSCF and MGCF
Selects MGCF based on destination network
Determines PSTN breakout point
Chooses MGCF in its own network/Routes
requests to BGCF in a different network

Application Servers
Local SIP AS, OSA-SCS, and IM-SSF

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Putting it ALL Together

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Voice over LTE (VoLTE)
Why VoLTE?
LTE is seen as IP only system for data
Operators chose to carry voice over 2G/3G systems or VoIP in one form or
the other
This would lead to fragmentation and incompatibility not allowing all
phones to communicate with each other
VoLTE Formation
The system is based on the IMS MMTel concepts and are specified in the
GSMA IR.92

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Other Options for VoLTE

Circuit Switch Fallback (CSFB/1xeCSFB)

Data over LTE and when required voice (CS) services will fallback to
2G/3G

Simultaneous Voice LTE (SVLTE)

Requires 2 radios
Data Only over LTE and Voice (CS) services over 1x

Voice over LTE via GAN (VoLGA)

Based on existing 3gpp Generic Access Network
Aim to enable LTE users to receive consistent voice/SMS (CS) services
while transitioning between GSM, UMTS and LTE

Dual SIM

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VoLTE Challenges
Meeting end user expectations
Supplementary Services must work as current 2G/3G CS networks
Mobility/Roaming Interoperability between LTE and 2G/3G
networks
Regulatory Requirements (Emergency Calls)

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Motivation for VoLTE

VoIP Applications
Data streams of these applications are not
differentiated from other IP data traffic
No QoS

VoLTE
Uses LTE prioritization to deliver consistent QoS
Enables features users are accustomed to in their
2G/3G devices

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Why VoLTE over VoIP?

VoLTE VoIP
Guaranteed QoS
Carrier
Best- Effort
IMS Grade!
Generic IP Network
RAN Features
Semi Persistent Scheduling (SPS)
Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
Discontinuous Transmission (DRx)
Robust Header Compression
(RoHC)

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Key VoLTE/IMS Specifications

3GPP GSMA
TS 23.216 SRVCC Stage 2 IR.92 IMS Profile for Voice
TS 23.228 IMS Stage 2 and SMS
TS 23.237 IMS Service IR.64 IMS Service
Continuity Stage 2 Centralization and Continuity
TS 23.292 IMS Centralized Guidelines
Services Stage 2 IR.94 Video Call Support
TS 24.237 IMS Service IR.65 IMS Roaming and
Continuity Interworking Guidelines
TS 26.132 PESQ/POLQA IR.88 LTE Roaming
http://www.3gpp.org Guidelines
http://www.gsma.com

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 GSMA PRD IR.92

IMS Profile for Voice and SMS

A profile as opposed to a technical specification
Defines how the facilities already defined by 3GPP should be used to
ensure interoperability across various operators networks

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GSMA IR.92 v7.0 Focus Areas

IMS Feature Set IMS Media

SIP Registration Procedures Codecs
Authentication RTP Profile and SDP Considerations
Call Establishment and Termination RTCP Usage
Forking AMR Payload Format Considerations
Signaling Compression Jitter Buffer Management Considerations
DTMF Events
SMS over IP
Radio and Packet Core Feature Set
Supplementary Services Robust Header Compression
Multi Party Conference Radio Bearer and RLC configurations
Communication Waiting DRX Mode of Operation
Message Waiting Indication GBR and NGBR Services and Monitoring
Communication Diversion EPS Bearer Considerations for
Communication Barring SIP Signaling
XCAP
Voice

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GSMA PRD IR.64 v6.0
IMS Service Centralization and Continuity Guidelines
Centralization / Anchoring of services in the IMS Core
Continuity of service for single radio devices when access network
changes
Adds to the guidelines defined in IR.92

Focus Areas
Network based
solution
SRVCC from
LTE/HSPA to
GERAN/UTRAN
UE-based solution
and other service
continuity scenarios
are out of scope

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SIP and SDP

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)

Signaling protocol used for controlling multimedia communication
sessions in IP networks
Defined in RFC 3261
Application protocol designed to be independent of the underlying
transport layer

Session Description Protocol (SDP)

Responsible for session description
Transported in SIP message

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 VoLTE Pre-Call

IMS PDN Connection

Provides connection to one or more IP networks for services
For VoLTE UE will require connection to operators IMS-based services
network (PDN_ID/APN for the IMS network would be in the subscription
information in the HSS)

PGW
SIP Signaling and
IMS PDN
EPS Voice Packets

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Initial VoLTE Registration
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
visited.net S-CSCF
HOME.net

1. Proxy CSCF Discovery

3. I-CSCF Discovery
2. REGISTER
4. REGISTER
5. S-CSCF Selection

6. Subscriber Authentication

7. Profile Retrieval
8. 200 OK (Register Successful)

9. Service Control

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VoLTE Basic CallFlow

INVITE User2
User1 AMR, AMR-WB
Local QoS unsatisfied

183 Session Progress

AMR-WB, AMR
Local QoS unsatisfied

Final Decision
(AMR)
PRACK
AMR
Local QoS unsatisfied

Request Resources Request Resourses

200 OK
AMR
Local QoS unsatisfied

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EPS Bearers for IMS VoIP

EPS
Default EPS Bearer
Default Connectivity for IMS Signaling
IMS PDN
Dedicated EPS Bearer
Additional Bearer for
VoIP or Video Traffic

One PDN connection for IMS VoIP calls with more than
one EPS bearer
One IP address is used for PDN Connection
Each EPS bearer will have defined QoS Characteristics

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VoLTE Mobility

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IMS Service Continuity

Allows user to transfer media sessions across different access networks or UEs
Example: transfer ongoing media session from mobile device to TV
Sessions can be transferred as a whole (for example voice and video) or in part
User can add/delete sessions on multiple devices, controlled from a single device
Even control of a collaborative session can transfer from one user to another

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IMS Centralized Services (ICS)

Provides the same services

regardless of access network:
CS or PS
Users get new IMS services
while still using CS domain for
the media bearer
IMS sessions on CS bearers
treated like any other full IMS
session
All services provided by IMS
application servers and
controlled by IMS service control
architecture
Adds supplementary services to
VCC

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SRVCC For VoLTE
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)

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IMS Services - RCS

Rich Communication Services

Designed to offer richer yet simpler communication
services supported by a strong ecosystem and a
variety of architecture implementation options

Main Features:
Enhanced Phonebook: service capabilities and
enhanced contacts informations such as presence and
service discovery
Enhanced Messaging: enables a large variety of
messaging options including chat, emoticons, location
share and file sharing
Enriched Calls: enables multimedia content sharing
during a voice call, video call and video sharing
Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services

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RCS v5.1 Feature Set

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Anritsu MD8430/8480 Solution

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 Addresses Technology Challenges

IMS Signaling over LTE Transport

Test IMS protocols over the LTE radio interface
CSFB and SRVCC
Built in test cases
Over 100 example tests
IR.92, IR.94, PRS, XDM, AMR, H.264, etc
Rich Communication Services
Presence, Instant messaging, file transfer
Address book, XML Document Management (XDM)
XCAP server simulation
IMS Emergency Calls

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Media Quality Testing

Voice/Audio Quality Audio Video

MOS No-Reference ITU G.107 ITU G.107
Offline ITU-R BT.500.9
PESQ Full-Reference PESQ ITU J.247 (unique
Offline ITU P.862 (also synchronization
available online) algorithm)
No-Reference ITU G.107 ITU G.107
Online ITU-R BT.500.9

Video
No-Reference (online)
Full Reference

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Anritsu MD8475 Solution

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Tests Performed On MD8475

IMS registration
IMS security procedures
Device (SIP) addressing
Call processing including
abnormal call handling
Call conferencing
and supplementary services
such as call forwarding
Call drop and reestablishment
Emergency calls
SRVCC

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RCS On MD8475
MX847570A SmartStudio - IMS Services
RCS server component
CSCF
Presence server
XDM server IM server
XCAP

MX847570A-083 RCS Basic Option

Configuration/registration

Social Presence
IMS Core
1-to-1 chat
Capability discovery
3GGP
Key Value for Customer
Network
Users can test each service RCS 5.1 which needs
some servers with one box.
Target customer is leading-edge UE vendor which
* New MX847570A-083 RCS Basic Option required
develops for special operators.

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RCS 5.1 Service Support
Item Support Future Comment
Configuration & Registration (*1) (*1) (*1) Support only HTTP(S) base

Capability discovery

Standalone messaging

1-to-1 Chat (*2, 3) (*2) Support only IM. Not support CPM.
(*3) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

Group Chat
File Transfer
Content sharing
Social Presence Information (*4) (*4) Not supported geolocation service.

IP Voice Call (*5, 6) (*5, 6) (*5) Support only IR.92 base

(*6) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

IP Video Call (IR.94) (*7, 8) (*7, 8) (*7) Support only IR.94 base
(*8) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

Geolocation services (*9) (*9) Interaction with other RCS service is not supported.

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Anritsu ME7834L Solution

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3GPP and CAT
2G/3G Simulators Supporting Conformance
Components
36.521-1 RF
36.521-3 RRM
Test 36.523-1 Protocol
Controller
37.571-1 Emergency Calls

Test suites covering ancillary

functionality such as the UICC

Carrier-specific test plans

ATT
T-Mobile
Verizon
LTE Simulators Others
*Example configuration

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Conclusion
LTE EPC and IMS Networks are Complex
New Specifications and Recommendations
Including Signaling; Media; Services
Service Continuity SRVCC
RCS (Rich Communication Services)
Service Continuity is Important
SRVCC (GSMA indicates 3GPP Rel10 for initial rollouts)
Anritsu Products Meet the Challenges
Several different configurations based on needs of customer

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