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    Chemistry Notes Form 4 Chapter 4

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    lenovosuba
    Physical quantities such as atomic radius, melting/boiling points, density, and solubility generally increase when going down groups 18, 1, and 17. Group 18 elements are chemically inert noble gases, group 1 elements are highly reactive electropositive alkali metals, and group 17 elements are reactive halogens that gain electrons. While properties vary down each group, elements within the same group exhibit similar chemical behaviors because they share the same valence electron configuration.

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    Chemistry Notes Form 4 Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    lenovosuba
    526 views5 pages
    Physical quantities such as atomic radius, melting/boiling points, density, and solubility generally increase when going down groups 18, 1, and 17. Group 18 elements are chemically inert noble gases, group 1 elements are highly reactive electropositive alkali metals, and group 17 elements are reactive halogens that gain electrons. While properties vary down each group, elements within the same group exhibit similar chemical behaviors because they share the same valence electron configuration.

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    Physical quantities such as atomic radius, melting/boiling points, density, and solubility generally increase when going down groups 18, 1, and 17. Group 18 elements are chemically inert noble gases, group 1 elements are highly reactive electropositive alkali metals, and group 17 elements are reactive halogens that gain electrons. While properties vary down each group, elements within the same group exhibit similar chemical behaviors because they share the same valence electron configuration.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    526 views5 pages

    Chemistry Notes Form 4 Chapter 4

    Uploaded by

    lenovosuba
    Physical quantities such as atomic radius, melting/boiling points, density, and solubility generally increase when going down groups 18, 1, and 17. Group 18 elements are chemically inert noble gases, group 1 elements are highly reactive electropositive alkali metals, and group 17 elements are reactive halogens that gain electrons. While properties vary down each group, elements within the same group exhibit similar chemical behaviors because they share the same valence electron configuration.

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    of 5

    Physical quantities GROUP 18 GROUP 1 GROUP17

    ATOMIC RADIUS Increases Increases Increases


    down the when going when going
    group down group down group
    Because one. 17
    number of Because Because
    shells fileed number of number of
    with electrons shells fill shells filled
    increases with with
    electrons electrons
    increases increases
    MELTING AND Increases Decrease Atomic
    BOILING POINT down the when going radius
    group down group increases
    Atomic 1 when going
    radius Atomic down the
    increases radius group
    when going increases The force of
    down group when going attraction
    18 down group between
    The force of 1 molecule(Va
    attraction Forces of n Der
    between attraction Walls)increa
    particles(Va between ses
    n Der particles More heat
    Walls)increa (Metallic energy is
    ses bond)beco required to
    More heat mes weaker overcome
    energy is Less heat the force of
    required to energy is attraction
    overcome required to Hence, the
    the force of overcome melting
    attraction. the weak point and
    forces of boiling point
    attraction increases
    DENSITY Increases Increases Increases
    when going when going when going
    down group down group down group
    18 1 Because the
    Because the Because increment
    increment the in mass is
    in mass is increment bigger than
    bigger than in mass is the
    the bigger than increment
    increment the in volume
    in volume increment
    in volume

    SOLUBILITY Soluble in Soluble in Dissolve in


    organic water organic
    solvent Insoluble in solvent
    Insoluble in organic Does not
    water solvent dissolve in
    organic
    solvent
    ELECTRICAL Does not Good Cannot
    AND HEAT conduct conductor conduct
    CONDUCTIVITY electricity of heat and electricity
    Poor electricity Poor
    conductor conduct of
    of heat electricity

    CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    GROUP 18
    1.Nobel gases have maximum number of
    valence electron in the outermost shell,
    which is duplet(2)or octet(8)
    2.The duplet or octet electron arrangement is
    very stable since its filled with maximum
    number of electrons
    3.Hence, noble gases do not need to donate,
    receive or share electrons among themselves
    or with other elements.
    4.Therefore, Nobel gases are chemically
    unreactive(inert)
    5.Due to this , Nobel gases exist as
    monoatomic gases.

    GROUP 1

    1.All atoms of alkali metals have one valence


    electron. The atoms tend to donate the
    valence electron to form a positive ion.
    2.The tendency to loose electrons to form
    positive ions is called Electropositivity
    3.The easier an atom donates electrons, the
    more electropositive the metal is.
    4.The atomic radius increases when going
    down group 1 .The distance between
    nucleus and the valence electron
    increases .Hence,the force of attraction
    between nucleus and valence electron
    become weaker.
    5.It is easier for atoms 10 donate 1 valence
    electron to become a positive ion.
    Therefore, the electropositivity increases
    when going down.
    6.Alkali metals are highly reactive and shows
    similar chemical properties.
    7.Chemical reaction only involves valence
    electron. All the elements of group 1 have
    similar chemical properties because they
    have the same number of valence electron.

    GROUP 17
    1.All halogens have 7 valence electrons.
    Halogen atoms will gain/receive 1 electron to
    achieve stable electron arrangement and
    becomes a negative ion.
    2.The tendency to gain electrons to form a
    negative ion is called Electronegativity.
    3.The easier an atom gains electron, the more
    electronegativity it is.
    4.When going down group 17 ,the atomic size
    increases .Hence the distance between
    nucleus and the outermost shell
    increases.Therefore,the strength of the
    nucleus to attract one more electron into the
    outermost shell decreases.
    5.The electronegativity decreases when going
    down the group 17
    6.All halogens have a similar chemical
    properties because they have the same
    number of valence electron.

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