CNC Programiranje

MELDAS is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.
Other company and product names that appear in this manual are trademarks or
registered trademarks of the respective companies.
Introduction
This instruction manual mainly targets milling machines and machining centers. It is to
be used as a guide when using CNC MELDAS 600M Series fixed-format
high-performance contour control software.
This instruction manual describes the programming for all the models stated above, so
read this instruction manual thoroughly before using.
This manual has been written assuming that all functions have been provided in all of
the models stated above. However, not all options are provided with every CNC, so
always confirm functions, operations, etc., described in this manual with the
specifications issued by the machine manufacturer.
Thoroughly read the "Safety Precautions" given on the next page to ensure safe use of
this numerical control unit.
Details described in this manual
(1) This manual gives general explanations from the standpoint of the NC side.
For explanations concerning individual machine tools, refer to the instruction manual
issued by the machine manufacturer.
For items described as "Restrictions, "Usable State", etc., the instruction manual
issued by the machine manufacturer takes precedence over this manual.
(2) While every effort has been made to describe special handling in this manual, items
not described in this manual should be interrupted as "Not Possible".
(3) Refer to the following manual for details on the screen operations.
MELDAS M600M Series Instruction Manual ..... BNP-B2237
CAUTION
For items described as "Restrictions" or "Usable State" in this manual, the instruction
manual issued by the machine manufacturer takes precedence over this manual.
Matters not described in this instruction manual should be interpreted as "not possible".
This manual is written on the assumption that all option functions are added. Refer to
the specifications issued by the machine manufacturer before starting use.
Refer to the instruction manual issued by each machine manufacturer for details on
each machine tool.
Some screens and functions may differ or may not be usable depending on the NC
system version.
Precautions for Safety
Always read the specifications issued by the machine manufacturer, this manual, related
manuals and attached documents before installation, operation, programming, maintenance or
inspection to ensure correct use.
Understand this numerical control unit, safety items and cautions before using the unit.
This manual ranks the safety precautions into "DANGER", "WARNING" and "CAUTION".
When the user may be subject to imminent fatalities or major injuries if

DANGER handling is mistaken.
When the user may be subject to fatalities or major injuries if handling is

WARNING mistaken.
When the user may be subject to injuries or when physical damage may
CAUTION occur if handling is mistaken.
Note that even items ranked as " CAUTION", may lead to major results depending on the
situation. In any case, important information that must always be observed is described.
DANGER
Not applicable in this manual.
WARNING
Not applicable in this manual.
CAUTION
1. Items related to product and manual
For items described as "Restrictions" or "Usable State" in this manual, the instruction
manual issued by the machine manufacturer takes precedence over this manual.
Matters not described in this instruction manual should be interpreted as "not possible".
This manual is written on the assumption that all option functions are added. Refer to the
specifications issued by the machine manufacturer before starting use.
Refer to the instruction manual issued by each machine manufacturer for details on
each machine tool.
Some screens and functions may differ or may not be usable depending on the NC
system version.
2. Items related to programming
Because of key chattering etc., during editing, the commands with no value after G
become a "G00" operation during running.
";", "EOB" and "%" "EOR" are expressions used for the explanation. The actual codes
are "line feed" and "%" for ISO, and "EOB" (End of Block) and "EOR" (End of Record)
for EIA.
Do not change fixed cycle programs without the prior approval of the machine
manufacturer.
CONTENTS
1. OUTLINE OF NC PROGRAM................................................................................................1
1.1 Program Format ...........................................................................................................1
1.2 Word and Address........................................................................................................1
1.3 Block.............................................................................................................................1
1.4 End of Block .................................................................................................................3
1.5 Modal and Unmodal Commands..................................................................................3
2. BASIC CONCEPT FOR PROGRAMMING ............................................................................4

2.1 Control Axis and Axis Name.........................................................................................4
2.2 Minimum Program Unit and Minimum Movement Amount ...........................................4
2.3 Incremental Value Command and Absolute Value Command .....................................7
2.4 Reference Point (machine zero point position) and Zero Point Return ........................7
3. OUTLINE OF PROGRAMMING.............................................................................................8
3.1 Program to Specify the Movement of Tools along the Machining Workpiece
Shape ..........................................................................................................................8
3.2 Program to Command the Feed of a Tool at the Designated Rate to Cut a
Workpiece....................................................................................................................9
3.3 Program to Command Various Machine Operations such as Spindle Rotation
and Stop and Coolant ON/OFF ...................................................................................9
3.4 Program to Command the Spindle Rotation Speed ...................................................10
3.5 Program to Select an Appropriate Tool for Workpiece Machining .............................10
3.6 Configuration of Program ...........................................................................................11
3.7 Other Programming Notes .........................................................................................12
3.8 Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Zero Point Symbols .........................................12
3.9 Optional Block Skip (Block delete) .............................................................................13
4. POSITION COMMAND ........................................................................................................14

4.1 Absolute/Incremental Command; G90/G91 ...............................................................14
4.2 Inch/Metric Changeover; G20/G21.............................................................................15
4.3 Decimal Point Input I, II ..............................................................................................16
4.4 Command Value and Setting Value Range................................................................20
5. PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................22

5.1 List of G Commands...................................................................................................22
6. POSITIONING AND INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS.........................................................24

6.1 Positioning; G00 .........................................................................................................24
6.2 Unidirectional Positioning; G60 ..................................................................................25
6.3 Linear Interpolation; G01............................................................................................27
6.4 Circular Interpolation (designating center/radius); G02/G03 ......................................28
6.5 Hypothetical Axis Interpolation; G07 ..........................................................................31
6.6 Cylindrical Interpolation; G07.1 ..................................................................................32
6.7 Helical Interpolation; G02/G03 ...................................................................................35
6.8 Spiral Interpolation; G02.1/G03.1...............................................................................37
6.9 NURBS Interpolation; G06.2 ......................................................................................39
6.10 Thread cutting; G33..................................................................................................42
7. FEED FUNCTIONS..............................................................................................................46
7.1 Rapid Traverse Rate ..................................................................................................46
7.2 Cutting Feedrate.........................................................................................................47
7.3 Feed per Minute; G94 ................................................................................................49
7.4 Feed per Rotation; G95..............................................................................................50
7.5 Inverse Time Feed; G93.............................................................................................51
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7.6 Synchronized Tapping; ,R/,H .....................................................................................53
7.7 Dwell (Time designation); (G94) G04.........................................................................62
7.8 Dwell (Rotation designation); (G95) G04 ...................................................................63
7.9 F1-digit Feed ..............................................................................................................64
8. SPINDLE FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................67

8.1 Spindle Control Function ............................................................................................67
8.2 S Code Output............................................................................................................68
8.3 Spindle Position Control (Spindle C axis control).......................................................69
9. TOOL FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................70

9.1 T Commands..............................................................................................................70
10. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................72

10.1 Miscellaneous Functions ..........................................................................................72
10.2 M Individual Output ..................................................................................................73
10.3 2nd Miscellaneous Functions ...................................................................................74
11. TOOL COMPENSATION ...................................................................................................75

11.1 Tool Length Offset; G43/G44/G49 ...........................................................................75
11.2 Tool Radius Compensation; G40/G41/G42/G38/G39 ..............................................81
11.2.1 Outline .............................................................................................................81
11.2.2 Command format.............................................................................................82
11.2.3 Tool radius compensation operations .............................................................83
11.2.4 Other commands and operations for tool radius compensation......................92
11.2.5 G41/G42 commands and I, J, K designation.................................................101
11.2.6 Interrupts during tool radius compensation ...................................................106
11.2.7 General cautions for tool radius compensation .............................................108
11.2.8 Changing the compensation number in the compensation mode .................109
11.2.9 Tool radius compensation start and Z-axis cutting........................................111
11.2.10 Interference check.......................................................................................112
11.2.11 Compensation amount diameter designation..............................................118
11.3 Three-dimensional Tool Radius Compensation; G40/G41/G42.............................119
11.4 Shape Compensation Amount, Wear Compensation Amount ...............................129
11.4.1 Outline ...........................................................................................................129
11.4.2 Detailed description of shape compensation amount....................................129
11.4.3 Detailed description of wear compensation amount......................................130
11.5 Number of Compensation Sets ..............................................................................131
11.6 Tool Position Offset; G45/G46/G47/G48................................................................132
12. COORDINATE SYSTEM SETTING FUNCTIONS ...........................................................134

12.1 Automatic Coordinate System Setting....................................................................134
12.2 Machine Coordinate System ..................................................................................135
12.3 Workpiece Coordinate System; G54 to G59 ..........................................................136
12.4 Local Coordinate System; G52 ..............................................................................139
12.5 External Workpiece Coordinate Offset ...................................................................141
12.6 Coordinate System Setting; G92............................................................................142
12.7 Rotation Axis Coordinate System...........................................................................143
12.8 Plane Selection; G17/G18/G19 ..............................................................................144
12.9 Automatic 1st Reference Point Return; G28/G29 ..................................................146
12.10 2nd, 3rd and 4th Reference Point Return; G30....................................................148
12.11 Reference Point Check; G27................................................................................150
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13. PROGRAMMING SUPPORT FUNCTIONS .....................................................................151
13.1 High-speed Machining Mode; G05.........................................................................151
13.2 Subprogram Control; M98/M99 ..............................................................................153
13.3 Fixed Cycle; G80 to G89/G73/G74/G76.................................................................155
13.3.1 Outline ...........................................................................................................155
13.3.2 Command format...........................................................................................155
13.3.3 Description of operation ................................................................................157
13.3.4 Detailed description.......................................................................................159
13.3.5 Description of each command.......................................................................160
13.4 Corner Chamfering, Corner R; ,C/,R ......................................................................169
13.4.1 Outline ...........................................................................................................169
13.4.2 Corner chamfering.........................................................................................169
13.4.3 Corner R........................................................................................................171
13.4.4 Corner chamfering/corner R speed E designation ........................................173
13.5 Mirror Image; G50.1/G51.1 ....................................................................................174
13.5.1 Outline ...........................................................................................................174
13.5.2 External switch mirror image and parameter set mirror image......................174
13.5.3 G command mirror image..............................................................................175
13.6 Variable Commands...............................................................................................177
13.6.1 Outline ...........................................................................................................177
13.6.2 Detailed description.......................................................................................177
13.7 User Macro Specifications......................................................................................179
13.7.1 User macro commands .................................................................................179
13.7.2 Macro call instruction.....................................................................................180
13.7.3 Variables .......................................................................................................189
13.7.4 Types of variables .........................................................................................191
13.7.5 Arithmetic commands ....................................................................................212
13.7.6 Control commands ........................................................................................216
13.7.7 External output commands............................................................................219
13.7.8 Checkpoints...................................................................................................221
13.7.9 Actual examples of using user macros..........................................................223
13.8 Linear Angle Command..........................................................................................227
13.9 Geometric Command .............................................................................................228
13.10 Pattern Rotation; M98 l_J_...................................................................................229
13.11 Program Coordinate Rotation; G68/G69 ..............................................................231
13.12 Parameter Coordinate Rotation............................................................................233
13.13 Special Fixed Cycles; G34/G35/G36/G37.1.........................................................235
13.14 Circular Cutting; G12/G13 ....................................................................................240
13.15 Scaling; G50/G51 .................................................................................................241
13.16 Normal Line Control; G40.1/G41.1/G42.1 ............................................................244
13.17 Macro Interrupt; M96/M97 ....................................................................................249
13.18 Three-dimensional Coordinate Conversion Function; G68/G69 ..........................253
13.19 Cutting Mode; G64 ...............................................................................................269
13.20 Automatic Corner Override; G62..........................................................................270
13.21 High-accuracy Control; G61.1 ..............................................................................271
13.22 High-accuracy Control for Die Machining; G61.2/G61.3 ......................................276
13.23 High-accuracy Control for Part Machining; G61.5................................................279
13.24 Program Parameter Input; G10L70/G11 ..............................................................281
13.25 Program Compensation Input; G10......................................................................282
13.26 N Number Single Command Skip ........................................................................284
14. AUTOMATED SUPPORT FUNCTIONS ..........................................................................286

14.1 High-speed Skip; G31 ............................................................................................286
14.2 Multi-step Skip; G31.1 to G31.4 .............................................................................289
14.3 Automatic Tool Length Measurement; G37............................................................292
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15. PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................294
15.1 Pre-movement Stroke Check; G22/G23.................................................................294
APPENDIX 1. LIST OF VARIABLE NUMBERS....................................................................296
APPENDIX 2. FIXED CYCLE PROGRAM.............................................................................299

2.1 Parameters for Fixed Cycle Program Operation ......................................................299
2.2 Input/Output of Fixed Cycle Programs .....................................................................300
2.3 Standard Fixed Cycle Programs ..............................................................................301
2.4 Fixed Cycle Variables...............................................................................................307
APPENDIX 3. LIST OF ALARMS ..........................................................................................308

3.1 Program Errors.........................................................................................................308
3.2 Program Warnings ...................................................................................................321
iv
1. OUTLINE OF NC PROGRAM
1.1 Program Format
This chapter describes some of the terminologies of NC programming.
1.1 Program Format

There are some predefined formats to supply control information to numerical control unit (hereinafter
referred to as CNC) to control the movement of NC machine tool. This CNC employs the format of the
word address system.
In this system, the control information supplied to the machine is configured of a combination of each
alphabetic initial character and multiple digits of numeric characters. As the role (address) is assigned
to each alphabet, it can be specified in any order.
The following programs cause the machine to perform the same operation.
Example 1) N001 G00 X-100.0 Y150.0 M03 S1000 ;
Example 2) M03 G00 S1000 Y150.0 N001 X-100.0 ;
It is recommended to use the order of N, G, X, Y, Z, F, M, S, T... shown in Example 1) because it is
easier to read the program.
1.2 Word and Address

Each alphabetic initial character described in section 1.1 is called address, and the control information
that follows the address, consisting of multiple digits of numeric value, is called word data (or simply
word). The address has the predefined function.
The number of digits that can be designated for each word data varies depending on the address.
Word data
End of block (EOB)
N001 G00 X123.4 M03 S1000 ;
Address
Therefore, each word data is the basic element of the NC program and the series of these word data
forms the program that performs actual workpiece cutting.
The word data that are represented by the addresses G, M, S and T are called G code, M code, S
code and T code, respectively. Table 1 lists the specified number of digits of each word data.
1.3 Block
To cause the machine to make a necessary movement, generally, it is required to specify a line of
statement (control information) that is configured of multiple word data continuously. This line of
statement is called "block" (or 1 block).
A block is a self-sufficient program and the series of these blocks constitutes the machining program
(or NC program) used in the actual cutting.
1
1.3 Block
Table 1 Details of the number of digits in word data

Item Input unit Metric commands (mm) Inch commands (inch)
Program number O8
Sequence number N5
Ready function G3/G21
A 0.01 (), mm/0.001 inch X+52 Y+52 Z+52 +52 X+53 Y+53 Z+53
B 0.001 (), mm/0.0001 inch X+53 Y+53 Z+53 +53 X+44 Y+44 Z+44
Move-ment axis
B' 0.001 (), mm / 0.0001inch X+43 Y+43 Z+43 +43 X+34 Y+34 Z+34
C 0.0001 (), mm/0.00001 inch X+44 Y+44 Z+44 +44 X+35 Y+35 Z+35
A 0.01 (), mm/0.001 inch I+52 J+52 K+52 I+53 J+53 K+53
B 0.001 (), mm/0.0001 inch I+53 J+53 K+53 I+44 J+44 K+44
Auxiliary axis
B' 0.001 (), mm / 0.0001inch I +43 J+43 K+43 I+34 J+34 K+34
C 0.0001 (), mm/0.00001 inch I+44 J+44 K+44 I+35 J+35 K+35
A 0.01 (), mm/0.001 inch I+62 J+62 K+62 R+62 I+53 J+53 K+53 R+53
B 0.001 (), mm/0.0001 inch I+63 J+63 K+63 R+63 I+54 J+54 K+54 R+54
Arc center
B' 0.001 (), mm / 0.0001inch I +53 J+53 K+53 R+53 I+44 J+44 K+44 R+44
C 0.0001 (), mm/0.00001 inch I+54 J+54 K+54 R+54 I+45 J+45 K+45 R+45
A 0.01 (rev/s) X53 P8 X53 P8
B 0.001 (rev/s) X53 P8 X53 P8
Dwell
B' 0.001 (rev/s) X53 P8 X53 P8
C 0.001 (rev/s) X53 P8 X53 P8
A 0.01 (rev), mm/0.001 inch F62 F53
Feed function B 0.001 (rev), mm/0.0001 inch F63 F54
(feed per minute) B' 0.001 (rev), mm / 0.0001inch F53 F44
C 0.0001 (rev), mm/0.00001 inch F54 F45
A 0.01 (rev), mm/0.001 inch F53 F43
Feed function B 0.001 (rev), mm/0.0001 inch F44 F34
(feed per rotation) B' 0.001 (rev), mm / 0.0001inch F34 F24
C 0.0001 (rev), mm/0.00001 inch F35 F25
A 0.01 (), mm/0.001 inch R+52 Q52 P8 L4 R+53 Q53 P8 L4
B 0.001 (), mm/0.0001 inch R+53 Q53 P8 L4 R+44 Q44 P8 L4
Fixed cycle
B' 0.001 (), mm / 0.0001inch R+43 Q43 P8 L4 R+34 Q34 P8 L4
C 0.0001 (), mm/0.00001 inch R+44 Q44 P8 L4 R+35 Q35 P8 L4
Tool compensation number H3/D3
Miscellaneous function M8
Spindle function S8
Tool function T8
2nd miscellaneous function B8/A8/C8
Subprogram P8H5L4
Variable number #5
B' is internal sub-micrometric system (unit of display/setting is one micron, and an internal unit of
processing is 0.1 microns). Please inquire to the machine manufacturer whether the machine of your
use is an internal sub-micrometric system.
(Note 1) "" indicates the U, V, W, A or B additional axis address.
(Note 2) This format is the same for every numerical value input made from the tape, memory, MDI
or the setting and display unit.
(Note 3) Excluding tool compensation numbers, all leading zeros in numbers can be omitted.
(Note 4) Program numbers are commanded in independent blocks. Command them in the head
block of each program.
(Note 5) The significance of the abbreviations used are as follows.
Example 1) O8 : 8-digit program number
Example 2) G21 : Address G has two digits to the left of the decimal point and one digit
to the right.
Example 3) X+53 : Address X has a "+" or "-" sign and five digits to the left of the decimal
point and three digits to the right.
2
1.4 End of Block
The example given below is a case where the X axis is positioned (G00) at the 45.123mm
position in the absolute value (G90) mode.
G00X45 123 ;
Three digits below decimal point
This denotes 5 digits above decimal point. However, since the
actual value is "+00045", the leading zeros and "+" sign are omitted.
G0 may be applicable instead.
Example) Configuration of one block in the machining program

N100 G01 X123.4 Y-100.0 F1000.0 ;
N006 M03 S1000 T01 ;
N007 G0 Z-100.0 ;

To configure one block of data, care should be taken because the following restrictions exist.
1) The number of digits of word data that can be specified is determined by the type of address.
Refer to Table 1 for details.
2) The word data except those which are represented by the addresses G and M cannot be
designated in duplicate. If they are designated in duplicate, the word data which is designated later
becomes valid.
3) The total number of characters of each word that can be designated in a single line is limited to
within 128 characters including the end of block code (EOB) (described in later section).
4) The initial character of the address can be either lower or upper case.
1.4 End of Block

The end of block is abbreviated as EOB and is the information code to inform the CNC unit of the end
of each block of command. Therefore, the EOB should be designated for each block. In this manual,
the EOB is represented by the symbol " ; ". This corresponds to INPUT key on the keyboard of
CNC unit or the Enter key of a personal computer.
The CNC unit ignores all information until the first EOB code is read after the power is turned ON or
reset. To ensure the execution from the start block of the machining program, the EOB should be
designated in the start block.
Example 1) N001 G00 X100.0 Y50.0 ;
N002 G00 Z30.0 ;
N003 S3000 M03 ;
If this program is started after the NC power is turned ON or reset, the block N001 is ignored and the
block N002 and onward are executed. Therefore, the following programming should be made as
shown in Examples 2) and 3). (Except machining programs stored in the NC memory.)
Example 2) ; Example 3) TEST PROGRAM #1 ;
N001 G00 X100.0 Y50.0 ; N001 G00 X100.0 Y50.0 ;
N002 G00 Z30.0 ; N002 G00 Z30.0 ;
N003 S3000 M03 ; N003 S3000 M03 ;
1.5 Modal and Unmodal Commands

Some of the word data are stored in the CNC once they are designated and to when they are updated or
canceled, while other data need to be designated for each block each time they are used. The former is
called modal command and the latter is called unmodal command. For example, the word data F that
designates the feedrate described in later section of this manual is a typical modal command and the
word data that designates the movement amount such as data X, Y or Z is a typical unmodal command.
Avoiding the duplicate designation of the modal commands leads to efficient programming.
3
2. BASIC CONCEPT FOR PROGRAMMING
2.1 Control Axis and Axis Name

This section describes some of the basic concepts for programming.
2.1 Control Axis and Axis Name

The normal vertical machining center with a CNC (hereinafter referred to as MC) performs cutting
(machining) operation by singly or simultaneously moving the table that moves horizontally (left/right
and forward/backward) and the spindle head that moves up and down.
The mobile parts that move in three directions are called the "control axis" and have the following axis
names.
Control axis that carries out left/right feed of the table X axis
Control axis that carries out forward/backward feed of the table Y axis
Control axis of the spindle head that moves up and down Z axis
The axes of the horizontal machining center are called as follows because the spindle head is placed
horizontally (forward and back word movement)
Control axis that carries out left/right feed of the table X axis
Control axis of the spindle head that moves up and down Y axis
Control axis that carries out forward/backward feed of the table Z axis
The X, Y and Z axes are usually used for linear axis while the A, B and C axes are used for the
rotating axis such as rotary table. The U, V and W axes are used for the address of the additional axis
name.
Up to 14 axes can be used according to the CNC type. This instruction manual assumes the
maximum number of the control axes is 4.
Refer to instruction manual of machine manufacturer for the actual configuration of the control axes.
Fig. 1 shows the configuration example of the three control axes (X, Y, Z).
2.2 Minimum Program Unit and Minimum Movement Amount

In contrast to the movement amount of the control axis, the minimum unit of movement amount that
can be designated by the program and the minimum movement amount that the machine actually
makes consist of three types as shown in the Table 2. The type is selectable by the parameters
specified by the CNC unit.
The type CS-B of 1m system shown in the Table 2 is most frequently used.
4
Spindle head
Z+
Z
Tool magazine
Tool
Y+
X+
Table
X
Fig. 1 Outline of three-control-axis type vertical machining center
5
Table 2 Input command unit type and the type of minimum movement
amount
Linear axis
Rotating
Type Metric command Inch command axis ()
(mm) (inch)
CS-A 0.01 0.001 0.01
Input command
CS-B 0.001 0.0001 0.001
unit
CS-C 0.0001 0.00001 0.0001
(Note 1) The metric/inch command can be changed over by the parameters of CNC unit
and by the G command (G20/G21).
(Note 2) The metric/inch command cannot be used simultaneously.
[Example of designating the 1m system]
Designated by the program Movement amount of the machine

X1 X axis 0.001mm
Y10 Y axis 0.01mm
Z1000 Z axis 1.0mm
X0.1 X axis 0.1mm
Y10.0 Y axis 10.0mm
A90000 A axis 99.0
B10.009 B axis 10.009
Z1.0001 Cannot designate because the 1m system is limited
to
less than three digits under the decimal point.
[Example of designating by the 0.1m system] (This is especially called submicrometer command.)
Designated by the program Movement amount of the machine

X100 X axis 0.01mm
Y10 Y axis 0.001mm
Z1 Z axis 0.0001mm
X0.0001 X axis 0.0001mm
Y1.0 Y axis 1.0mm
Z10.0009 Z axis 10.0009mm
A90.0001 A axis 90.0001
B9000 B axis 9.0
Refer to the instruction manual of machine manufacturer for details of the actual setting unit.
6
2.3 Incremental Value Command and Absolute Value Command
2.3 Incremental Value Command and Absolute Value Command

To designate the movement amount of the control axis, either the relative value command method
(incremental) or the absolute value command method (absolute) can be chosen. The type can be
selected freely, but depending on the program details some machines need to be designated by the
incremental value type only.
Examples are given in the following for better illustration. Refer to Section "4. POSITION COMMAND"
for details.
Difference is shown between the increment value

Y
command program and the absolute value command
program when the table returns immediately to the point
D A after the table has moved from the point A to the point
20 . 0
D (positioning).
N3 Incremental value Absolute value

B N2 command method command method
10 . 0
C AB N1 G0 X10.0 Y10.0; N1 G0 X10.0 Y10.0;
N4
N1 BC N2 X10.0 Y0; (Note 1) N2 X20.0 Y10.0;
CD N3 X10.0 Y10.0; N3 X30.0 Y20.0;
A X DA N4 X30.0 Y-20.0; N4 X0 Y0;
0.0 10 . 0 20 . 0 30 . 0
(Note 1) The increment value command can be omitted if
the movement amount is zero.
The absolute value command method is more frequently used.
2.4 Reference Point (machine zero point position) and Zero Point Return
For each control axis of the machine, a specific machine position is specified as the reference point of
the machine coordinate system. This machine position is called reference point (or machine zero point
position). The reference point has the important role of being the reference point when changing the
coordinate system of the machining program or the tool as well as when setting the tool offset amount.
Most CNC machine tool are equipped with the function to automatically return to the zero point
position by the program or by manual operation. This is called zero point return.
Refer to the instruction manual of machine manufacturer for the reference point position of each axis.
If the operation is to be restarted after the NC power has been turned OFF or after emergency stop,
the return to the zero point return is performed. (Except in the case where the absolute position
detection function is provided.)
7
3. OUTLINE OF PROGRAMMING
3.1 Program to Specify the Movement of Tools along the Machining Workpiece Shape
3.1 Program to Specify the Movement of Tools along the Machining Workpiece
Shape
The shape of all machining workpieces is configured of combinations of lines and arcs. Therefore, the
program commands (Note 1) are divided into two groups; commands that move the tool along the line
and commands that move the tool along the arc. But, in the actual machining, commands to traverse
the table to the specified position at a higher speed are needed in addition to the commands that
move the tool along the shape.
(1) Program to command the movement of a tool along the line

Program format
G01 X Y F;
G01 (or G1).... G code that designates the movement

along the line (Note 2)
X, Y ................ End point coordinate value of linear
movement
F ..................... Tool feedrate
(2) Program to command the movement of a tool along the arc

Program format
G02 X Y R F;
G03 X Y R F;
G02 G code to designate the clockwise arc
G03 movement
G03 G code to designate the counterclockwise
arc movement
G02 X, Y Coordinate value of arc end point
R Arc radius (The arc center may be
designated by I, J, and K instead of arc
radius. Refer to details in later section.)
F Tool feedrate
(3) Program to designate the tool rapid traverse

Program format
G00 X Y;
G00 ................ G code to designate the tool rapid
traverse movement
X, Y ................ Coordinate value of positioning end
point
8
3.2 Program to Command the Feed of a Tool at the Designated Rate to Cut a Workpiece
(Note 1) In the actual machine, the table may move while the tool may not. This manual assumes the
tool moves to the workpiece. There is no difference in programming.
(Note 2) The leading zeros of the numeric value data that follow the address such as G00, G01 and
G02 can be omitted. The data can be represented as G0, G1 and G2.
The function to move the tool along the linear or the arc is called interpolating function and the
function to traverse the tool at a high rate is called positioning or rapid traverse function.
The G codes such as G00, G01, G02 and G03 are called preparation function (or G function) and
there are many kinds of G functions. Refer to Section "6. POSITIONING AND INTERPOLATION
FUNCTIONS" for details.
3.2 Program to Command the Feed of a Tool at the Designated Rate to Cut a
Workpiece
To cut a workpiece, the feedrate of a tool should be considered according to the material or tool used.
The function to designate the feedrate is called feed function (or F function). The feedrate is
designated by numeric values.
For example, command F200.0 (or F200.) to feed a tool at 200mm per minute.
F mm/min. Tool
Workpiece
Machining table
The F command is usually designated for the same block as the interpolation function such as G01
but it can be designated singly.
As this is one of the modal commands, it needs not be designated for each block until the feedrate
needs to be changed. This applies to all interpolation functions (G01, G02, G03).
Refer to Section "7. FEED FUNCTIONS" for details.
3.3 Program to Command Various Machine Operations such as Spindle Rotation

and Stop and Coolant ON/OFF
For machining a workpiece, it is necessary to rotate the spindle, to apply coolant (cutting oil) and to
turn ON/OFF devices on the other machine side. The function that commands this series of operations
is called miscellaneous function (or M function). This is generally designated by a two digit of numeric
value (M code) that follows the address M.
For example, M03 commands the forward rotation of the spindle, M04 does the reverse rotation of the
spindle and M05 stops the spindle. Refer to instruction manual of machine manufacturer for details of
the functions of the M code.
The M codes are not fully defined by machine manufacturer. The functions such as M00, M01, M02,
M30, M98 and M99 are fixed on the CNC side.
Refer to Section "10. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS" for details.
9
3.4 Program to Command the Spindle Rotation Speed
3.4 Program to Command the Spindle Rotation Speed

Like the F command, an appropriate tool rotation speed (spindle rotation speed) must be designated
according to the material of the workpiece and the tool used. The rotation speed of the tool can be
calculated based on the relative speed of the tool and the workpiece (cutting speed).
For example, if a workpiece needs to be machined at a cutting speed of 200m per minute with a
tool of 100, the rotation spindle speed is 640r/min. So, designate the rotation speed (r/min) after the
address S. That is the code of S640 used in this case.
It is also possible to command the required value directly without calculation.
The command related to the spindle rotation speed is called spindle function (S function). Since the S
function is a modal command, the designated spindle rotation speed does not need to be set until the
next change. If any new S function is commanded while the rotation spindle is rotating, the rotation
speed is changed immediately. If the power has been turned ON or the spindle has been stopped by
M05, the spindle rotation speed should be commanded simultaneously with spindle rotation
commands (M03 or M04) or a spindle rotation command (M03, M04) should be issued first.
Refer to Section "8. SPINDLE FUNCTIONS" for details.
3.5 Program to Select an Appropriate Tool for Workpiece Machining

In the actual workpiece machining process, milling, drilling, tapping and boring are performed and
appropriate tools should be used. Each tool has a number (tool number) and is commanded by the
2-digit numeric value (T code) following the address T. This is called tool function (or T function).
For example, if a 10 drill has the tool number 5, command program T05 or T5 to select it.
The tool selection is closely related to the tool change method (ATC) of each machine manufacturer.
Refer to instruction manual of machine manufacturer for details.
Refer to Section "9. TOOL FUNCTIONS" for other details.
10
3.6 Configuration of Program
3.6 Configuration of Program

One block of program is configured as follows.
N G X Y Z M S T F ;
Sequence Preparation Coordinate word Miscellaneous Spindle Tool Feed

number function function function function function End of block
(EOB)
The sequence number designated at the head of each block is commanded by the maximum 5-digit
numeric value following the address N. This is displayed on the screen while executing the program. It
can be used to monitor the machining program execution states or to call a specific process of the
machining program (program search).
The sequence number does not show the order in which the commands are executed. The program is
executed according to the order of the block written in the program. (The command in the block is
executed simultaneously.) The sequence number does not need to be commanded for each block.
There is no influence on the machining even if it is not commanded at all.
The words which are not needed for block operation (G, X, Y, Z, ... F) can be omitted.
The machining program is generally configured as follows.
; At the head of program EOB ( ; )

O1234 ; Program number
N001 G90 G00 X10.0 Y20 Z30.0 M03 S1000 ; Block
N002 M08 ; Block
N003 G01 Z40.0 F500.0 ; Block
N004 G00 Z30.0 ; Block
: :
; ;
N999 M02 Program end
The EOB ( ; ) at the head of the program is followed by the program number and each block for
machining, and the program end code of M02 or M30 is written at the end of the program.
The program number (maximum 8-digit numeric value following the address O) is displayed on the
screen in the same way as the sequence number. By controlling this number, it is possible to know
what machining program is being executed. This also used to select the program necessary for the
machining when some kinds of machining program are stored in the memory of the CNC unit.
The program number should be designated for each machining program. The same number cannot
be used twice. The block number is automatically assigned by the CNC, and need not be designated
when programming. This is cleared to zero each time a new program number or sequence number is
read, or counted up each time one block is read. If the count reaches 99999, it is cleared to zero and
the counting starts again. The block number is displayed on the screen as in the same way as the
sequence number.
11
3.7 Other Programming Notes
3.7 Other Programming Notes

The machining program is usually written in such a way that the tool center moves along the contour
lines on the machining drawing. But, in the actual machining, as tools of various thickness (tool radius)
and length (tool length) are used, the actual tool path deviates by the amount of the radius and the
length, and the exact machining cannot be expected if no measure is taken.
Tool center path when the tool radius Z axis

compensation is accomplished. reference
point
Machining shape (program path)
L1 L2
L1, L2: Tool length
Workpiece
Machining table
Therefore, this software is provided with the following tool offset functions so that programmers may
write programs without considering the deviation.
1) Tool radius compensation function
2) Tool length offset function
These functions allow to register the radius and the length of a tool in the memory (offset memory) of the
CNC unit and automatically compensate for the tool displacement due to the tool diameter and the tool
length when the dedicated G code and the registration number are designated.
Refer to Section "11. TOOL COMPENSATION" for details.
3.8 Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Zero Point Symbols
:Reference point
:Machine coordinate zero point
:Workpiece coordinate zero points

(G54 to G59)
12
3.9 Optional Block Skip (Block delete)
3.9 Optional Block Skip (Block delete)

This function selectively ignores specific blocks in a machining program which start with the " / "
(slash) code.
(1) Optional block skip

Provided that the optional block skip switch is ON, blocks starting with the " / " code are ignored.
They are executed if the switch is OFF.
Parity check is valid regardless of whether the optional block skip switch is ON or OFF.
When, for instance, all blocks are to be executed for one workpiece but specific blocks are not to
be executed for another workpiece, the same machining program can be used to machine
different parts by inserting the " / " code at the head of those specific blocks.
(2) Notes for using optional block skip

1) Put the " / " code at the head of the block. (In this example, an error of dividing by zero occurs.)
Example: N20 G01 X-25.0 /Y-25.0; Correct
/N20 G01 X-25.0 Y-25.0 ; Incorrect
2) Parity checks (H and V) are conducted regardless of the optional block skip switch status.
3) The optional block skip is processed immediately before the pre-read buffer.
Consequently, it is not possible to skip up to the block which has been read into the pre-read
buffer.
4) This function is valid even during a sequence number search.
5) All blocks with the " / " code are also input and output during tape storage and tape output,
regardless of the optional block skip switch status.
13
4. POSITION COMMAND
4.1 Absolute/Incremental Command; G90/G91
4. POSITION COMMAND
4.1 Absolute/Incremental Command; G90/G91
When issuing the axis coordinate data with the machining program commands, the
incremental command method (G91) to command the relative distance from the current
position, or the absolute command method (G90) to move to the designated position of the
predetermined coordinate system can be selected.
1) Command format
G90 Absolute command (Absolute value command)
G91 Incremental command (Incremental value command)
These G codes can be commanded multiple times within one block.
G90 X100. G91 Y200. G90 Z300. ;

Absolute value Incremental value Absolute value
(Note) Even in the MDI command, the modal executed before is followed when there is
no G90/G91 designation as with the memory command.
2) Combined use of absolute and incremental commands in the same block is possible. The
changeover is carried out with G90 or G91.
Note that the arc radius designation (R) is an incremental command.
The arc center designation (I, J, K) can be changed by the parameters so it is fixed to
incremental designation or so that it follows the G90 and G91 modal.
3) Figure description
(Incremental value command) (Absolute value command)
G91 X100. Y100. ; End point G90 X100. Y100. ;
End point
Y100. Y100.
Y100.
Current X100. Current

position position
Program coordinate Program coordinate

(0,0) (0,0)
X100. X100.
14
4. POSITION COMMAND
4.2 Inch/Metric Changeover; G20/G21
4.2 Inch/Metric Changeover; G20/G21

(1) Outline
The two unit systems handled by the NC are the metric unit system and the inch unit system. The
unit system can be designated by the parameters and the machining program. Commands from
the machining program are only valid in machining program commands; the unit system of the
position display, etc., does not change.
(2) Detailed description
Inch/metric
Target Remarks
changeover
Input unit Parameters (excluding some) Automatic conversion at
changeover Tool compensation amount parameter changeover
(parameters) Workpiece offset (mm fixed internally).
Machining program command Restart necessary.
Position display
Output unit Parameters (those depending No automatic changeover.
changeover on ball screws) Restart necessary.
(parameters)
G20/G21 Machining program command
only
(3) Command format

Inch command
G20 ;
Metric command
G21 ;
15
4. POSITION COMMAND
4.3 Decimal Point Input I, II

(1) Outline
This function enables the decimal point command to be input. It assigns the zero point in
millimeter or inch units for the machining program input information that defines the tool paths,
distances and speeds.
The two types of decimal point commands are as follows. They can be selected by the
parameters.
1) Decimal point input: Type 1 (When control parameter "Decimal point type 2" is OFF.)
2) Decimal point input: Type 2 (When control parameter "Decimal point type 2" is ON.)

(a) The decimal point command is valid for distance, angle, time, speed and scaling magnification
commands in the machining program.
(b) The two types of handling of command values for data with no decimal points are Decimal
point input: Type 1 and Type 2. The type is selected by the parameters.
1) Decimal point input: Type 1 (When control parameter "Decimal point type 2" is OFF.)
When the axis coordinates, etc., data is issued in the machining program command, the
program data designation can be simplified by using decimal point input. The least digit of
commands not using a decimal point becomes the minimum setting unit.
Besides the axis coordinate value, other addresses in which this input type can be used are
speed commands and dwell commands.
The decimal point position is a mm unit during metric mode, an inch unit during inch mode
and a second unit during dwell time setting. For the rotation axis, the decimal point position
is a degree, regardless of metric or inch mode.
2) Decimal point input: Type 2 (When control parameter "Decimal point type 2" is ON.)
Type 2 is different from Type 1. When there is no decimal point, the last digit is a mm unit
during metric mode, an inch unit during inch mode, and a second unit in time setting.
Always designate a "." (point) when commands below the decimal point are necessary.
(c) The valid addresses of the decimal point command are XYZUVWABCDIJKEFGPQR. Refer to
the list for details.
(d) The decimal point command is valid even for commands defining the variable data used in
subprograms.
(e) Decimal point commands for decimal point invalid addresses are processed as integer data
only and everything below the decimal point is ignored. Decimal point invalid addresses are
HLMNOS T.
All variable commands, however, are handled as data with decimal points.
(f) Example of program

Unit interpretation (for metric system)
Machining program
Type I Type II
G00 X100. Y200.5 X100mm, Y200.5mm X100mm, Y200.5mm
G1 X100 F20. X100m, F20mm/min X100mm, F20mm/min
Y200 F100 (Note 1) Y200m, F100mm/min Y200mm, F100mm/min
G4 X1.5 (Note 2) Dwell 1.5s Dwell 1.5s
X2 2ms 2s
(Note 1) F unit is mm/min. (inch/min. for inch system) for either type I or II.
(Note 2) Valid/invalid changeover of the decimal point command is possible with the control
parameter "G04P decim pt valid".
16
4. POSITION COMMAND
(g) Addresses used and valid/invalid decimal point commands
Decimal
Address point Application Remarks
command
A Valid Coordinate position data
Invalid Miscellaneous function code
Valid Geometric linear angle data
Invalid Rotation table
Invalid Program parameter input
(axis number/spindle number)
B Valid Coordinate position data
C Valid Coordinate position data
Valid Corner chamfering amount ,C
Invalid Offset number
D
(tool position, tool radius compensation)
Valid Automatic tool length measurement,
deceleration range d
Valid Program parameter input
Invalid Subprogram storage device No. ,D
E Valid Inch threads, Precision thread lead
F Valid Feedrate
Valid Thread lead
G Valid Preparatory function code
H Invalid Sequence number in subprograms
Invalid Offset number
(tool position, tool length offset)
I Valid Circular center coordinate
Valid Tool radius compensation vector component
Valid Special fixed cycle, hole pitch
J Valid Circular center coordinate
Valid Special fixed cycle, hole pitch and angle
17
4. POSITION COMMAND
Decimal
command
K Valid Circular center coordinate
Invalid Special fixed cycle, number of holes
Invalid Fixed cycle, number of repetitions
L Invalid Subprogram, number of repetitions
Invalid Fixed cycle, number of repetitions
Invalid Program tool compensation input type selection L2, L10, L11
Invalid Program parameter input L70
M Invalid Miscellaneous function code
N Invalid Sequence number
Invalid Program parameter input, data number
O Invalid Program number
P Valid/Invalid Dwell time Parameter
Invalid Subprogram call program number
Invalid Program tool compensation input,
compensation number
Invalid Special fixed cycle, number of holes
Invalid Helical number of pitches
Valid Scaling magnification
Invalid High-speed mode type
Invalid 2nd reference point number
Invalid Program parameter input,
broad classification number
Invalid Return sequence number from subprogram
Q Valid Deep hole drilling cycle, cut amount
Valid Back boring shift amount
Valid Fine boring shift amount
18
4. POSITION COMMAND
Decimal
command
R Valid R-designated arc radius
Valid Corner R arc radius ,R
Valid Program tool compensation input,
compensation amount
Valid Fixed cycle R point
Invalid Synchronous tap/asynchronous tap changeover
Valid Automatic tool length measurement,
deceleration range r
S Invalid Spindle function code
T Invalid Tool function code
U Valid Coordinate position data
Invalid 2nd miscellaneous function code
V Valid Coordinate position data
W Valid Coordinate position data
X Valid Coordinate position data
Valid Dwell time
Valid Program tool compensation input
Y Valid Coordinate position data
Z Valid Coordinate position data
19
4. POSITION COMMAND
4.4 Command Value and Setting Value Range

(1) Outline
A command range (maximum/minimum) exists for the setting values from the screen, command
values in the machining programs, etc. Commands outside of that range cause an error.
(a) Details of the number of digits in words data
Command value and
Minimum setting unit
setting value range
Metric command Inch command Metric command Inch command
Program number O O8
Sequence number N N5
Preparation function G G3/G21
Movement axis A: 0.01 A: 0.001 X+52 X+43
X, Y, Z, B: 0.001 B: 0.0001 X+53 X+44
B': 0.001 B': 0.0001 X+43 X+34
C: 0.0001 C: 0.00001 X+44 X+35
Auxiliary axis I, J, K A: 0.01 A: 0.001 I+52 I+43
B: 0.001 B: 0.0001 I+53 I+44
B': 0.001 B': 0.0001 I+43 I+34
C: 0.0001 C: 0.00001 I+44 I+35
Arc center (radius) A: 0.01 A: 0.001 I+62 I+53
(mm), (inch) B: 0.001 B: 0.0001 I+63 I+54
I, J, K, R B': 0.001 B': 0.0001 I+53 I+44
C: 0.0001 C: 0.00001 I+54 I+45
Feed function A: 0.01 A: 0.001 0.01 to 480000.00 0.001 to 18897.6378
(feed per minute) F B: 0.001 B: 0.0001 0.001 to 480000.000 0.0001 to 18897.6378
B': 0.001 B': 0.0001 0.001 to 100000.000 0.0001 to 3937.0078
C: 0.0001 C: 0.00001 0.0001 to 0.00001 to
100000.0000 3937.00787
Feed function A: 0.01 A: 0.001 0.001 to 99999.999 0.001 to 3937.007
(feed per rotation) F B: 0.001 B: 0.0001 0.0001 to 9999.9999 0.0001 to 393.7007
B': 0.001 B': 0.0001 0.0001 to 999.9999 0.0001 to 39.3700
C: 0.0001 C: 0.00001 0.00001 to 0.00001 to 39.37007
999.99999
Dwell A: 0.01 (rev/s) A: 0.01 (rev/s) X53 P8
B: 0.001 (rev/s) B: 0.001 (rev/s) X53 P8
B': 0.001 (rev/s) B': 0.001 (rev/s) X53 P8
C: 0.001 (rev/s) C: 0.001 (rev/s) X53 P8
Fixed cycle A: 0.01 A: 0.001 R+52 Q52 P8 L4 R+43 Q43 P8 L4
B: 0.001 B: 0.0001 R+53 Q53 P8 L4 R+44 Q44 P8 L4
B': 0.001 B': 0.0001 R+43 Q43 P8 L4 R+34 Q34 P8 L4
C: 0.0001 C: 0.00001 R+44 Q44 P8 L4 R+35 Q35 P8 L4
Tool compensation H3/D3, T1/T2
number
Miscellaneous function M8
Spindle function S8
Tool function T8
2nd miscellaneous B8/A8/C8
function
Subprogram P8H5L4
B' is internal sub-micrometric system (unit of display/setting is one micron, and an internal unit of
processing is 0.1 microns). Please inquire to the machine manufacturer whether the machine of your
use is an internal sub-micrometric system.
20
4. POSITION COMMAND
(Note 1) indicates the additional axis address.

(Note 2) Except for the tool compensation numbers, all leading zeros can be omitted.
(Note 3) Program numbers are commanded in independent blocks. Command them in the head
block of each program.
(Note 4) The significance of the symbols and abbreviations used are as follows.
Example 1) O8 : 8-digit program number
Example 2) G21 : Address G has two digits to the left of the decimal point, one digit
to the right.
Example 3) X+53 : Address X has a "+" or "" sign. It has five digits to the left of the
decimal point, and three to the right.
The example given below is a case where the X axis is positioned (G00) at the
45.123mm position in the absolute value (G90) mode.
G00 X45. 123 ;

Three digits below decimal point
This denotes five digits above the decimal point. However,
since the actual value is "+00045", the leading zeros and "+"
sign are omitted.
G0 may be applicable instead.
21
5. PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS
5.1 List of G Commands
Refer- Refer-
G code Group Function G code Group Function
ence ence
00 01 Positioning 6.1 31.3 00 Multi-step skip 3 14.2
01 01 Linear interpolation 6.3 31.4 00 Multi-step skip 4 14.2
02 01 Circular interpolation CW 6.4 32 (Spare)

03 01 Circular interpolation CCW 6.4 33 01 Thread cutting 6.10
02.1 01 Spiral interpolation CW 6.8 34 00 Special fixed cycle (bolt hole circle) 13.13
03.1 01 Spiral interpolation CCW 6.8 35 00 (line at angle) 13.13
04 00 Dwell 7.7 36 00 (arc) 13.13
05 00 High-speed mode 13.1 37 00 Automatic tool length measurement 14.3
06 (Spare) 37.1 00 Special fixed cycle (grid) 13.13

6.9 Tool radius compensation vector 11.2
06.2 01 NURBS interpolation 38 00
designation
07 00 Hypothetical axis interpolation 6.5 39 00 Tool radius compensation corner arc 11.2
07.1 00 Cylindrical interpolation 6.6 40 07 Tool radius compensation cancel 11.2
Tool radius compensation 11.2

08 (Spare) 41 07
Left compensation
Tool radius compensation 11.2
09 00 Exact stop check 42 07
Right compensation
Program parameter input/compensation 13.25 13.16
10 00 40.1 15 Normal line control cancel
input
11 00 Program parameter input cancel 13.24 41.1 15 Normal line control Left 13.16
12 00 Circle cutting CW 13.14 42.1 15 Normal line control Right 13.16
13 00 Circle cutting CCW 13.14 43 08 Tool length offset (+) 11.1
14 (Spare) 44 08 Tool length offset () 11.1
15 (Spare) 45 00 Tool position offset increase 11.6
16 (Spare) 46 00 Tool position offset decrease 11.6
17 02 Plane selection X-Y 12.8 47 00 Tool position offset 2-fold increase 11.6
18 02 Plane selection Z-X 12.8 48 00 Tool position offset 2-fold decrease 11.6
19 02 Plane selection Y-Z 12.8 49 08 Tool length offset cancel 11.1
20 06 Inch command 4.2 50 11 Scaling cancel 13.15
21 06 Metric command 4.2 51 11 Scaling ON 13.15
22 04 Stroke check before movement ON 15.1 50.1 19 Mirror image cancel 13.5
23 04 Stroke check before movement OFF 15.1 51.1 19 Mirror image ON 13.5
24 (Spare) 52 00 Local coordinate system setting 12.4
25 (Spare) 53 00 Machine coordinate system setting 12.2
26 (Spare) 54 12 Workpiece coordinate system 1 selection 12.3
27 00 Reference point verification 12.11 55 12 Workpiece coordinate system 2 selection 12.3
28 00 Reference point return 12.9 56 12 Workpiece coordinate system 3 selection 12.3
29 00 Start point return 12.9 57 12 Workpiece coordinate system 4 selection 12.3
30 00 2nd to 4th reference point return 12.10 58 12 Workpiece coordinate system 5 selection 12.3
31 00 Skip 14.1 59 12 Workpiece coordinate system 6 selection 12.3

14.2 Workpiece coordinate system 12.3
31.1 00 Multi-step skip 1 54.1 12
(expansion) selection
31.2 00 Multi-step skip 2 14.2 60 00 Unidirectional positioning 6.2
22
Refer- Refer-
G code Group Function G code Group Function
ence ence
61 13 Exact stop check mode 90 03 Absolute value command 4.1
61.1 13 High-accuracy control mode 13.21 91 03 Incremental value command 4.1
High-accuracy control for die machining 13.22 12.6

61.2 13 92 00 Machine coordinate system setting
(CAM data)
61.3 13 (height data) 13.22 93 05 Inverse time feed 7.5
61.5 13 High-accuracy control for part machining 13.23 94 05 Asynchronous feed (feed per minute) 7.3
62 13 Automatic corner override 13.20 95 05 Synchronous feed (feed per rotation) 7.4
64 13 Cutting mode 13.19 98 10 Fixed cycle Initial level return 13.3
65 00 User macro Simple call 13.7 99 10 Fixed cycle R point level return 13.3
66 14 User macro Modal call A 13.7
66.1 14 User macro Modal call B 13.7
67 14 User macro Modal call cancel 13.7
68 16 Coordinate rotation ON 13.11
69 16 Coordinate rotation cancel 13.11
70 User fixed cycle

71 User fixed cycle
72 User fixed cycle
73 09 Fixed cycle (step) 13.3
74 09 Fixed cycle (reverse step) 13.3
75 User fixed cycle

76 09 Fixed cycle (fine boring) 13.3
77 User fixed cycle
78 User fixed cycle
79 User fixed cycle
80 09 Fixed cycle cancel 13.3
81 09 Fixed cycle (drill/spot drill) 13.3
82 09 Fixed cycle (drill/counter-boring) 13.3
83 09 Fixed cycle (deep hole drilling) 13.3
84 09 Fixed cycle (tap) 7.6
85 09 Fixed cycle (boring) 13.3
87 09 Fixed cycle (back boring) 13.3
23
6. POSITIONING AND INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS
6.1 Positioning; G00

6.1 Positioning; G00
(1) Outline
This command is a function that sets the current point as the start point, and carries out
high-speed positioning commanded with the movement command value in the program at the
rapid traverse rate.
(2) Command format
G00 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ; (simultaneously with additional axis A, B, C, U, V and W also possible)
(x1, y1, z1 are numerical values indicating position data)
Positioning operation at the rapid traverse rate is carried out by the commands above. The path
takes the shortest distance in a straight line toward the end point.
Refer to the section on "Rapid traverse rate" for details on the NC rapid traverse rate.
Because the actual rapid traverse rate differs according to the machine, refer to the machine
specifications.

(a) The rapid traverse rate can be set independently for each axis with the parameters.
(b) The number of axes that can be simultaneously driven depends on the specifications (number
of simultaneous control axes). Axis combination within that range is random.
(c) Once this command has been issued, the G00 mode is retained until it is changed by another
G function (the G01, G02 or G03, etc.) in the 01 group is issued. If the next command is G00,
all that is required is simply to specify the coordinate words.
(d) Acceleration and deceleration are constantly carried out at the start and end of the program
command block. The in-position status is confirmed before advancing to the next block. Set
the in-position width in the parameters.
(e) Any G function (G72 to G89) in the 09 group is cancelled (G80) by the G00 command.
(f) The feedrate is controlled to the shortest time, in a range not exceeding the rapid traverse rate
of each axis. (Interpolation type)
The axis can also be moved at the respective rapid traverse rate of each independent axis,
using parameter settings. In this case, the path is not a straight line toward the end point.
(Non-interpolation type)
The positioning time does not change in either case.
(g) When no number following the G address, this is treated as G00.
(Example) (Example)
Interpolation type (movement in a straight Non-interpolation type (each axis moves at
line to the end point) the rate of the respective parameter)
G00 G91 X100. Y100. ; G00 G91 X100. Y100. ;

X
Y End point End point
100.
100.
100. Current position

Current position
100.
Z
X
24
6.2 Unidirectional Positioning; G60

(1) Outline
Final positioning is always carried out by the G60 command in the one direction specified in the
parameters.
Positioning excluding backlash can be carried out.
(2) Command format
G60 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ; (simultaneously with additional axis A, B, C, U, V and W also possible)
(x1, y1, z1 are numerical values indicating position data)
With the above command, the tool moves by rapid traverse rate from the final position to a position
separated only by the unidirectional positioning shift amount (parameter setting), and then moves
further to the final position and completes the positioning.
Refer to the section on "Rapid traverse rate" for details on the NC rapid traverse rate.
Because the actual rapid traverse rate differs according to the machine, refer to the machine
specifications.
Final positioning is as follows. (When final positioning is in the + direction)

(a) The unidirectional positioning shift amount for the final positioning as well as the final
positioning direction is set in parameters.
(b) After the tool has moved at the rapid traverse rate to the position separated from the final
position by an amount equivalent to the unidirectional positioning shift amount, it moves to the
final position in accordance with the rapid traverse setting where its positioning is completed.
(c) The above positioning operation is performed even when Z-axis commands have been
designated for Z-axis cancel and machine lock. (Display only)
(d) When the mirror image function is ON, the tool will move in the opposite direction as far as the
middle position due to the mirror image function but the unidirectional positioning shift amount
operation during its final advance will not be affected by mirror image.
(e) The tool moves to the end point at the dry run speed during dry run when the G0 dry run
function is valid.
(f) Feed during unidirectional positioning shift amount movement with final positioning can be
stopped by resetting, emergency stop, interlock, feed hold and rapid traverse override zero.
(g) The tool moves over the unidirectional positioning shift amount at the rapid traverse setting.
Rapid traverse override is valid.
(h) Unidirectional positioning is not performed for the hole drilling axis during hole drilling fixed
cycles.
(i) Unidirectional positioning is not performed for shift amount movements during the fine boring
or back boring fixed cycle.
(j) Normal positioning is performed for axes whose unidirectional positioning shift amount has not
been set by parameters.
(k) Unidirectional positioning is always a non-interpolation type of positioning.
(l) When the same position (movement amount of zero) has been commanded, the tool moves
back and forth over the unidirectional positioning shift amount and is positioned at its original
position from the final advance direction.
25
(m) During high-accuracy control, the unidirectional positioning operation is also carried out with
acceleration/deceleration before interpolation.
(Example)
1. Each of the axis rapid traverse
G60 G91 X100. Y100. ; rates is a value set in the
parameters as the G00 speed.
Endpoint
point
End 2. The vector speed to the middle
point is a value composed of the
respective speeds and distances.
3. The unidirectional positioning
shift amount of the distance
Y100.
between the middle point and end
point is set independently for
Current position each axis in the parameters.
Current position
X100.
(4) Notes
(a) The program error "PR0061" will occur if G60 is commanded in an NC not provided with this
specification.
26
6.3 Linear Interpolation; G01
6.3 Linear Interpolation; G01

(1) Outline
This command is accompanied by coordinate words and a feedrate command. It makes the tool
move (interpolate) linearly from its current position to the end point specified by the coordinate
words at the cutting feedrate specified by address F. In this case, the feedrate specified by
address F always acts as a linear speed in the tool nose center advance direction.
(2) Command format
G01 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Ff1 ; (simultaneously with additional axis A, B, C, U, V and W also
possible)
(x1, y1, z1 are numerical values indicating position data, f1 is a
numerical value indicating speed data.)
Linear interpolation is carried out by the commands above at the f1 speed. The path takes the
shortest distance in a straight line toward the end point.
The NC f1 command value is a maximum 480m/min (when the input unit is 0.001mm), however
this will differ according to the machine, so refer to the machine specifications.

(a) Once this command is issued, this mode is maintained until another G function (G00, G02,
G03, G33, etc.) in the 01 group which changes the G01 mode is issued. Therefore, if the next
command is also G01 and if the feedrate is the same, all that is required is to specify the
coordinate words.
(b) The feedrate of the rotation axis is commanded in /min (decimal point position unit ) or /rev
(per spindle rotation). (F300 = 300 /min)
(c) The G functions (G72 to G89) in the 09 group are cancelled (G80) by the G01 command.
(Example)
G01 G91 X100. Y100. F120 ; 1. The cutting feedrate becomes the
Y End point command to the vector direction.
2. The composite speed of each axis
becomes the proportional allocation
Feedrate of the respective command values.
120mm/min
100.
(85mm/min)
Current position 100. (85mm/min)
(d) The number of axes that can be simultaneously commanded depends on the specifications
(number of simultaneous control axes). Axis combination within that range is random.
(e) The feedrate is controlled so as not to exceed the cutting feedrate clamp.
If linear axis and rotation axis are commanded in the same block, this is regarded as a linear
axis using degree () (1 = 1mm) units, and linear interpolation is carried out.
(4) Notes
(a) The program error (PR0062) will occur if an F command is not issued in the first G01
command.
27
6.4 Circular Interpolation (designating center/radius); G02/G03

(1) Outline
(a) I, J and K designation circular interpolation
Using the movement command value issued in the program, this function moves the tool in an
arc on the plane selected by the plane selection G code.
(b) R-designated circular interpolation

In addition to the arc center coordinate designation by the I, J and K of the previous item, this
function can also issue arc commands by directly designating the arc radius.
(2) Command format

G02/G03 Xx1 Yy1 Ii1 Jj1 Ff1 ; (additional axis A, B, C, U, V and W possible)
Arc rotation End point Arc center Feedrate
direction coordinate value
value

In addition to the arc center coordinate designation by the I, J and K of the previous item, this
function can also issue arc commands by directly designating the arc radius.
G02/G03 Xx1 Yy1 Rr1 Ff1 ; (additional axis A, B, C, U, V and W possible)

Arc rotation End point Arc Feedrate
direction coordinate radius
value

1) G02 (or G03) is held until another G command (G00, G01 or G33) in the 01 group that
changes this mode is issued.
2) Circular interpolation operations are carried out at the f1 rate by the commands above. The
path is toward the end point, following an arc path centered at the position designated by
distance i (X axis direction) and distance j (Y axis direction) in respect to the start point.
3) The following information is necessary to carry out circular interpolation.

a. Plane selection Y G17 Z G18
The arc plane is designated by G17, G18 and G19.
G02 G03
G17 XY plane
G18 ZX plane
G19 YZ plane G03 G02
X X
The arc plane always follows G17, G18 and G19.
An alarm occurs if two addresses that do not match
Z G19
the plane are commanded.
The axes that configure the plane can be G02
designated in the parameters. Refer to the section
on plane selection.
G03
b. Rotation direction Y
The arc rotation direction is designated by G02 or
G03.
G02 Clockwise (CW)
G03 Counterclockwise (CCW)
28
c. Arc end point coordinates

Issued by addresses X, Y and Z. Absolute value and incremental value combined use
possible.
d. Arc center coordinates
Issued by addresses I, J and K. Absolute value and incremental value combined use
possible.
It is best to command with decimal points attached.
e. Feedrate
Issued by address F.
4) Notes related to circular interpolation

a. In arc operations, clockwise (G02) and counterclockwise (G03) are defined as: In a
right-hand coordinate system, looking in the minus direction from the plus direction of
the coordinate axis that is perpendicular to the target plane.
b. If the end point coordinates are all omitted, or the end point and start point are in the
same position, commanding the center using I, J and K is the same as commanding a
360 arc (perfect circle).
c. When the R command, and the I, J and K commands are omitted from the arc block, the
program error "PR0071 Can't calculate arc center" will occur.
By setting the parameter (#110136 CIR to G1 no CENT OP), linear interpolation can be
applied up to only the end point coordinate value of that block. Note that the modal is an
arc modal.
5) (Example) Examples of a 1/4 circle, half circle, 3/4 circle and perfect circle are given.
6)
(1) G02 X100. Y100. I100. End point (3) G02 X100. Y-100. I100. End point
1/4 circle 3/4 circle
Y100.
X100.
I100.
X100. Y-100.
Start point Start point
I100.
(2) G02 X200. Y0. I100. End point (4) G02 X0 Y0 I100. End point
Half circle Perfect circle
X200.
X0 Y0
I100. I100.
a. The axes that can be simultaneously commanded are the two axes of the selected
plane.
b. The feedrate is constantly controlled to be a rate that follows the circumference.
c. Circular interpolation can be commanded within a 360 rotation.
d. The maximum radius value can be designated up to six digits above the decimal point.
29

1) G02 (or G03) is held until another G command (G00, G01 or G33) in the 01 group that
changes this mode is issued.
2)
a. The arc rotation direction is designated by G02 or G03.
b. The arc plane is designated by G17, G18 and G19.
The arc plane always follows G17, G18 and G19. The alarm (PR0070) occurs if two
addresses that do not match the plane are commanded.
c. The arc center is on the perpendicular line that bisects the line segment connecting the
start and end points. The intersection of the arc center and the designated radius circle
that has the start point as its center is the center coordinate of the arc command.
d. The symbol of the command program R value is an arc command of 180 or less for the
plus direction, and an arc command exceeding 180 for the minus direction.
(Example 1) (Example 2)
G02 G91 X100. Y100. R100. F120 ; G02 G91 X100. Y100. R-100. F120 ;
Y Y
Arc end point
Feedrate Arc end point
coordinates
120mm/min coordinates
(X, Y)
(X, Y)
R100.
Feedrate
120mm/min
Current position (Arc start point) Current position (Arc start point)
X X
The axes that can be simultaneously commanded are the two axes of the selected plane.
The feedrate is constantly controlled to be a speed that follows the circumference.
The following conditions are necessary in R-designated circular interpolation commands.
L/2 r
The alarm (PR0071) occurs if L/2r > (parameter: Arc error).

L: Straight line segment from the start point to the end point
3) Notes
a. When R-designation and I, J and K designation are simultaneously designated in the
same block, arc command by the R designation is given priority.
b. For perfect circle commands (start point and end point match), if an R-designated arc
command is issued, it is instantly completed and there is no operation. Therefore, use I,
J and K designation arc commands.
c. When the R command, and the I, J and K commands are omitted from the arc block, the
program error "PR0071 Can't calculate arc center" will occur.
By setting the parameter (#110136 CIR to G1 no CENT OP), linear interpolation can be
applied up to only the end point coordinate value of that block. Note that the modal is an
arc modal.
30
6.5 Hypothetical Axis Interpolation; G07
6.5 Hypothetical Axis Interpolation; G07

(1) Outline
By having one of the circular interpolation axes with spiral interpolation or with helical interpolation
including the linear axis as the hypothetical axis (the axis which does not actually move) and by
distributing the pulses, it is possible to provide interpolation (sine or cosine interpolation) in which
the helical or spiral interpolation is viewed from the side (hypothetical axis). G07 is the command
which sets the hypothetical axis.
(2) Command format
G07 X0 ; (X axis command cancel ON)

G07 X1 ; (X axis command cancel OFF)
The designation of the axis to carry out axis command cancel is applicable to all of the NC axes.

(a) Helical interpolation and spiral interpolation are the interpolation functions which can be used
for hypothetical axis interpolation.
(b) The "" axis in the "G070 ; to G071 ;" program commands is the hypothetical axis.
Consequently, when the "" axis is commanded separately between these program
commands, the dwell state is established until the pulse distribution to the hypothetical axis is
completed.
(c) The hypothetical axis is valid only with automatic operation; it is not valid with manual
operation.
(d) The protection functions (such as interlock and stored stroke limit) are also valid for the
hypothetical axis.
(e) Handle interrupt is valid for the hypothetical axis as well. The axis will move by an amount
equivalent to the handle interrupt.
(f)
Example G07 Z0 ;
G18 G02 X50. Z0. Y100. K30. P3 ;
To carry out hypothetical axis interpolation, it is necessary to combine and add helical
interpolation.
31
6.6 Cylindrical Interpolation; G07.1

(1) Outline
The cylindrical interpolation function is for machining the side face of a cylindrical workpiece.
Because programming can be carried out on the plane developed on the cylinder side face,
cylinder groove machining programs can be easily created.
(2) Command format
G07. 1 Cc1 ; Cylinder interpolation mode ON

G07. 1 C0 ; Cylinder interpolation mode cancel
C is the rotation axis name, c1 is the cylinder radius.
Z
r Z
C o
0 o o o o C
90 180 270 360
The rotation axis movement amount commanded in angle is converted internally in the CNC to the
linear axis distance on the circumference. After conversion, linear and circular interpolation are
carried out between the other axes. After interpolation, the linear axis distance is converted back
into the rotation axis movement amount.

(a) Cylindrical interpolation commands cannot be issued in the same block as other G commands.
(An error will occur).
(b) The direction of the rotation axis can be set in the parameters.
(c) Feedrate designation

In the cylindrical interpolation mode, the commanded feedrate is the rate of the axis on the
plane that developed the cylinder side face.
(d) Clamp speed designation

During the cylindrical interpolation mode, this is the speed on the cylindrical expansion plane
proportional to the angle speed.
32
(e) Circular interpolation (G02, G03)

1) Plane selection
The plane selection setting will not return to the previous setting even if the cylindrical
interpolation mode is canceled.
(Example) To carry out circular interpolation with Z axis and C axis
Set the C axis for the machining parameter parallel axis 1I (X axis parallel axis).
The circular interpolation command at this time is as follows:
G18 Z0 C0;
G02/03 Z25 C90 R10 ;
The C axis can also be used for the machining parameter parallel axis 1J (Y axis
parallel axis).
Note that in this case, the circular interpolation command is as follows:
G19 C0 Z0;
G02/03 Z25 C90 R10;
2) Radius designation
The radius command can be designated with the R designation or the I, J designation.
Note that the R unit and the rotation axis side plane I, J unit must be designated as the
length on the expansion plane.
(f) Radius compensation

To carry out radius compensation in the cylindrical interpolation mode, command the plane
selection in the same manner as circular interpolation.
However, carry out startup and cancel in the cylindrical interpolation mode when carrying out
radius compensation.
If the radius compensation is valid, correct compensation will not be carried out when the
cylindrical interpolation mode is set.
(g) Positioning
An error will occur if positioning (including commands that create rapid traverse cycles, such
as G28 and G80 to G89) is carried out in the cylindrical interpolation mode. Note that only G0
rapid traverse is possible.
Set the mode to cylindrical interpolation cancel mode when positioning.
(h) Coordinate system setting

The workpiece coordinate system (G92, G54 to G59) and local coordinate system (G52)
cannot be commanded in the cylindrical interpolation mode.
(i) The cylindrical interpolation (G07.1) cannot be commanded in the positioning mode (G00).
(j) The fixed cycle cannot be commanded in the cylindrical interpolation mode.
(k) Rotation axis control parameters

Only the rotary-type rotation axis can be designated as the rotation axis for cylindrical
interpolation.
(l) Inch inputs are not possible.

When initial inch is set, the cylindrical interpolation mode will not be entered. (It will be
ignored.)
(m) Restart search

When restart search to a block in the cylindrical interpolation mode is carried out, the error
"OPW0133 Restart Search Error $1" will occur.
(n) Reset modal retaining

The modal information of the cylindrical interpolation mode is not retained at NC reset. Even If
resetting is applied in the cylindrical interpolation mode with retaining modal at NC reset valid,
the cylindrical interpolation mode will turn OFF.
33
(4) Notes
(a) The cylindrical interpolation mode cannot be set again during the cylindrical interpolation
mode. To set the mode again, cancel the cylindrical interpolation mode once.
(b) One rotation axis can be simultaneously interpolated. Thus, two or more rotation axes cannot
be commanded with the G07.1 command.
(c) During the cylindrical interpolation mode, the movement amount of the rotation axis
commanded as an angle is converted into a distance on the circumference once. Then, after
carrying out the linear and circular interpolation operations between the other axes, the
amount is reconverted into an angle.
Thus, if the cylinder radius is small, etc., the actual movement amount may differ from the
commanded value. Note that the error at this time is not cumulated.
Actual movement amount = MOVE (Command value 2 2 )

2 2 MOVE
MOVE : Movement amount per rotation axis rotation (parameter)

r : Workpiece radius
() : Rounded off with minimum setting unit
34
6.7 Helical Interpolation; G02/G03

(1) Outline
With orthogonal three axes, it is possible for the 3rd axis to carry out linear interpolation
synchronized with the rotation of the arc, while the circular interpolation is simultaneously carried
out by the G02/G03 commands on the plane selected by the plane selection G code (G17, G18,
G19).
(2) Command format
G17 G02/G03 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Ii1 Jj1 Pp1 Ff1 ;

Arc plane Arc rotation Arc end point Linear axis Arc center Number Feedrate
direction coordinates end point coordinates of
pitches
Or
G17 G02/G03 Xx2 Yy2 Zz2 Rr2 Ff2 ;

Arc plane Arc rotation Arc end point Linear axis Arc Feedrate
direction coordinates end point radius
The arc center coordinates and radius should be commanded with a decimal point.
(Example)
G91 G17 G02 X0. Y200. Z100. I-100. J100. F120 ;

Z
Command program path
End
End point
point
X
W
J100 Start
I-100
Start point
Y
point
Projected path of the

X
command program XY plane
(a) Command a linear axis (or a multiple number of axes) not including the arc axis for the circular
interpolation command.
(b) Command the combined speed of the X, Y and Z axis components for the feedrate F.
(c) Pitch L is determined from the following formula:
L = z1/ ( (2 p1 + )/2)
= e s = arctan (ye/xe) arctan (ys/xs) (0 < 2)
Where, xs and ys are the coordinates of the start point
xe and ye are the coordinates of the end point
(d) Address P may be omitted when the pitch number is 0.
(e) The command range for pitch number P is 0 to 9999.
(f) The pitch number (P command) cannot be designated using an R-designated arc.
35
(g) Plane selection

The selection of the arc plane for helical interpolation is determined by the plane selection
mode and axis addresses, as is the case for circular interpolation. The basic method of
commanding helical interpolation is to command an circular interpolation plane with a plane
selection G code (G17, G18, G19) and to command two axes for circular interpolation and the
addresses of the 3 axes for linear interpolation (axis perpendicular to the arc plane).
XY plane arc, Z axis line
Command the addresses of the 3 axes X, Y and Z in the G02 (G03) mode and G17 (plane
selection G code) mode.
ZX plane arc, Y axis line
Command the addresses of the 3 axes Z, X and Y in the G02 (G03) mode and G18 (plane
YZ plane arc, Z axis line
Command the addresses of the 3 axes Y, Z and X in the G02 (G03) mode and G19 (plane
Plane selection of an additional axis can also be carried out, as is the case for circular
interpolation.
UY plane arc, Z axis line
Command the addresses of the 3 axes U, Y and Z in the G02 (G03) mode and G17 (plane
In addition to the above basic command methods, the command methods given after the
following program examples are available. Refer to the section on "Plane selection" for the arc
planes selected with these command methods.
(h) The axis combination that can be simultaneously commanded depends on the specifications.
The combination within that range is random.
(i) The feedrate is constantly controlled to be a speed that follows the circumference.
36
6.8 Spiral Interpolation; G02.1/G03.1

(1) Outline
This function carries out interpolation that smoothly joins the start and end points in a spiral. This
interpolation is carried out for arc commands such as those in which the start point and end point
are not on the same circumference.
(2) Command format
G17 G02.1/G03.1 Xx1 Yy1 Ii1 Jj1 Pp1 Ff1 ;

Rotation Arc rotation End point coordinates Arc center value Number Feedrate
plane direction of pitches
Circular interpolation operations are carried out at the f1 speed by the commands above.
The path is toward the end point, following a spiral arc path centered at the position designated by
distance i (X axis direction) and distance j (Y axis direction) in respect to the start point.
The arc plane is designated by G17, G18 and G19.
G17 XY plane
G18 ZX plane
G19 YZ plane
The arc rotation direction is designated by G02.1 or G03.1.
G02.1 Clockwise (CW)
G03.1 Counterclockwise (CCW)
P: This designates the number of pitches (rotation speed).
p1 = 0 is less than one rotation and can be omitted.
p1 = 1 is more than one rotation and less than two rotations.
The command range is from 0 to 9999.
F: Tool path direction speed

(a) The arc rotation direction G02.1 is the same as G02, and G03.1 is the same as G03.
(b) There are no R-designated arcs in spiral interpolation.
(c) Conical cutting, tapered thread-cutting and other such machining operations can be conducted
by changing the start point and end point radius and commanding the linear axis
sumultaneously.
(d) Normally the spiral interpolation is automatically enabled with the arc commands (G02, G03)
when the difference between the start point radius and the end point radius is less than the
parameter setting value.
(e) (Example)
Y
G91 G17 G01 X60. F500 ;
Y140. ;
G2.1 X60. Y0 I100. P1 F300 ; End
point Center
140.
G01 X120 ; Start
G90 point
G17 G01 X60. F500 ;

Y140. ; X60.
G2.1 X120. Y140. I100. P1 F300 ; I100.
G01 X0 ; W 60. 160. X
(f) The axis combination that can be simultaneously commanded depends on the specifications.
The combination within that range is random.
(g) The feedrate is the constant tangential speed.
(h) Simultaneous control by combining with tool radius compensation (G41, G42) is not possible.
37
(i) The arc plane always follows G17, G18 and G19. The plane arc control is carried out by G17,
G18 and G19, even if designated by two addresses that do not match the plane.
(Example)
G91 G17 G01 X60. F500 ;
Y140. ;
G2.1 X60.0 Z100.0 I100. P1 F300 ; Because this is the G17 plane, arc control
is not carried out by X-Z.
G01 X120 ; Arc control is carried out by X-Y.
(j) When an axis designation other than the Y

spiral interpolation plane is simultaneously
designated, other axes are also interpolated XY
plane
in synchronization with the spiral X
interpola-tion. W
(Example)
G17 G91 G2.1 X100. Z150. I150. P3
Z Z
F500 ; XZ
plane
In these examples, the interpolation is
X
truncated cone interpolation. X
W
38
6.9 NURBS Interpolation; G06.2

(1) Outline
NURBS interpolation is an interpolation function that operates the command output in the NURBS
format from the CAD/CAM directly with the NURBS definition in the CNC.
Directly exponential interpolation of a free line defined with the NURBS format in the CAD/CAM is
possible without developing the curve into fine segments, so a very smooth interpolation path is
achieved.
The shape of the NURBS curve can be flexibly controlled with the number of stages, control point,
weight and knot vector. The shape can be freely edited by changing the control point position,
changing the weight, and by changing the relative interval between each knot of the knot vector.
However, generally manual editing is usually impossible, and a dedicated CAD/CAM system, etc.,
must be used to edit the NURBS curve or generate the NURBS interpolation program.
Manually editing the NURBS interpolation program generated with a CAD/CAM system, etc., is
not recommended.
(2) Command format

G06.2 Pp Kk Xx Yy Zz Rr Ff ;
NURBS Number Knot Control point Control point Interpolation speed
interpolation of stages coordinate weight (can be omitted)
ON (can be value (can be
omitted) omitted)
Kk Xx Yy Zz
:
:
The NURBS interpolation mode is entered with the G06.2 command. The number of stages, the
control point coordinate value, the control point weight and the knot to determine the NURBS
curve shape are commanded in succession.

(a) G06.2 belongs to the G code group 1. The G06.2 mode is entered when NURBS
interpolation is commanded. When turning the NURBS interpolation OFF (canceling the
interpolation), and not issuing a NURBS interpolation command in succession, issue another
group 1 command (G0, G1, etc.). The NURBS interpolation mode is not held when either
initializing or retaining the modal at NC reset. (Initialization is carried out following the control
parameter #320004 Initial G00.)
(b) When turning NURBS interpolation ON immediately after turning NURBS interpolation OFF,
the G06.2 code can be omitted. Note that in this case, the number of stages P and
interpolation speed F cannot be commanded.
(c) P indicates the number of stages in the NURBS curve. When the number of stages is m,
NURBS curve is a (m-1) dimension curve. The P setting value is 2, 3, or 4. Any other value
will cause an error. If the setting is omitted, the default value 4 will be set. Designate the
number of stages in the first block (same block as G06.2 command).
The NURBS curve will be as follow according to the value set for the number of stages P.
P2 ... Linear (one-dimension curve)
P3 ... Two-dimension curve
P4 ... Three-dimension curve
(d) X, Y and Z indicate the coordinate values of the control point, and R indicates the weight of
the control point. The weight is unique to each control point, and is commanded in the same
block as the control point coordinate values. If the weight is omitted, the default value 1.0 will
be set. When a large weight is set, the NURBS curve will be generated closer to the control
point, and when a small weight is set, the NURBS curve will be farther from the control point.
39
(e) K indicates the knots. When the a number of stages is m and the number of control points is
n, the NURBS curve reguires (n+m) knots. The arrangement of these (n+m) knots is called
the knot vector. To command the knot vector, command the first knot simultaneously with the
first control point, the second knot simultaneously with the second control point and following
as a pair in one block. After commanding the blocks for the number of control points (n),
command the remaining m knots in the independent blocks respectively. The number of
control points is identified by these blocks containing only knots, so the control point does not
need to be commanded. NURBS interpolation is completed when the blocks containing only
knots are commanded for the number of stages.
(f) The command range of the number of stages, weight and knots is as follows.
Number of digits valid
Meaning Address Range
after decimal point
Number of stages P 2, 3, 4 0
Weight R 0.0001 to 99.9999 4
Knot K 214748 to 214748 4
(4) Notes
(a) NURBS interpolation cannot be commanded for a rotary-type rotation axis. An error will occur
if commanded.
(b) Command the control point for the axis (X, Y or Z) carrying out NURBS interpolation with the
control point in the first block (G06.2 block). If an axis not commanded in the first block is
commanded in the second and following blocks, an alarm will occur.
(c) The first control point (G06.2 block coordinate value) should be commanded as the start point
of the NURBS curve. Thus, command so that it matches the end point of the previous block.
An alarm will occur if the points do not match.
(d) The command range of the weight is 0.0001 to 99.9999. Even if the decimal point is omitted,
the value will be handled as a value with a decimal point.
If "1" is commanded, the result will be the same as "1.0".
(e) The knot cannot be omitted, and must be commanded in each block. An alarm will occur if
omitted.
(f) As with the weight, up to four digits after the decimal point can be commanded for the knot.
However, even if the decimal point is omitted, the value will be handled as a value with a
decimal point.
(g) Command the knot with a monotone increment. If the value is smaller than the previous block,
an alarm will occur.
(h) There is no particular order to command the addresses.
(i) During single block operation, the operation will stop at the position corresponding to that
block's knot of the NURBS curve shape instead of the control point.
40
(5) Program example

An example of a program with four stages (three-dimension curve) and seven control points is
shown below.
Control point : P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
Knot vector : [0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0]
:
:
:
G90 G01 X0 Y120. F3000 ;
Y100. ; ..................... P0
P0 P1
G6.2 P4 X0 Y100. R1. K0 ; ....... P0
Interpolation path X10. Y100. R1. K0 ; ................... P1

X10. Y60. R1. K0 ; ................... P2
Program command
X60. Y50. R1. K0 ; ................... P3
P4
P2 X80. Y60. R1. K1.; ................... P4
X100. Y40. R1. K2. ; ................... P5
P3 X100. Y0 R1. K3. ; ................... P6

P5
K4. ;
K4. ;
Y
K4. ;
K4. ;
P6 P7 G01 X120. ; .......................... P7
X :
:
:
41
6.10 Thread Cutting; G33
6.10 Thread cutting; G33

(1) Outline
The thread cutting command (G33) enables thread cutting with a commanded number of thread
leads or number of ridges per inch. When the leads are designated, the command value unit is
[mm/rev] or [inch/rev], but the unit is always [ridges/inch] when designating the number of ridges.
Multiple thread screws, etc., can also be machined by designating the thread cutting start angle (0
to 360).
(a) Uniform lead thread cutting (lead designation)

The tool feed is controlled in synchronization with the spindle rotation using the synchronization
signal from the spindle encoder as the base, and the designated lead threads are cut. This
makes it possible to conduct constant-lead straight thread-cutting and tapered thread-cutting.
(b) Inch thread cutting (number of ridge designation)
If the number of ridges per inch in the long axis direction is assigned, the feed of the tool
synchronized with the spindle rotation will be controlled, which means that constant-lead
straight thread-cutting and tapered thread-cutting can be performed.
(c) Continuous thread cutting
When the lead or shape changes during the threads, continuous thread cutting can be
realized by commanding thread cutting commands in succession.
(2) Command format

(a) Constant lead thread cutting (lead designation)
G33 Zz1 Ff1 Qq1 ; (Normal lead thread cutting commands)
Thread Thread end Thread lead Shift angle
command point
Zz1 : Thread cutting direction axis address (X, Y, Z, ) and thread length
Ff1 : Lead of long axis (axis which moves most) direction.
Qq1 : Thread cutting start shift angle (0 to 360)
G33 Zz1 Ee1 Qq1 ; (Precision lead thread cutting commands)

Thread Thread end Thread lead Shift angle
command point
Ee1 : Lead of long axis (axis which moves most) direction.

G33 Zz1 Ee1 Qq1 ;
Thread Thread end Number of Shift angle
command point threads
Ee1 : Number of ridges per inch in direction of long axis (axis which moves most)
(decimal point command can also be assigned)

(a) Uniform lead thread cutting (lead designation)
1) By using the E command, the leads can be commanded in a smaller unit than the F
command.
The E command is also used to command the number of ridges for inch thread cutting,
but it can also be used to designate the precision leads by turning the control parameter
"Precision thrd cut E" ON.
42
2) Tapered threads can be machined by commanding several axis addresses.

In this case, the lead in the long axis direction is commanded.
Z
N1
a
Lz N2 (Tapered thread section)
N3
X
Lx
When a<45 lead is LZ
When a>45 lead is LX
When a=45 lead can be in either LX or LZ
3) Thread lead command range

Metric command Inch command
Min. setting unit Lead command range Min. setting unit Lead command range
(mm) (mm/rev) (inch) (inch/rev)
0.001 E command 0.00001 to 999.99999 0.0001 E command 0.0000001 to 9.9999999
F command 0.0001 to 999.9999 F command 0.000001 to 99.999999
4) Thread lead command unit

(FA on the Modal Display screen is not updated)
Min. setting unit Lead command range Min. setting unit Lead command range
(mm) (mm/rev) (inch) (inch/rev)
0.001 E1=0.00001 0.0001 E1=0.0000001
E command E command
(E1.=1.00000) (E1.=1.0000000)
F1=0.0001 F1=0.000001
F command F command
(F1.=1.0000) (F1.=1.000000)
5) Shift angle command unit

Shift angle command
Min. setting unit () Min. setting unit () Shift angle command unit ()
unit ()
1. Q command Q1=0.001 (Q1.=1.000) 1. Q command Q1=0.0001 (Q1.=1.0000)
Command the shift angle as an integer between 0 and 360. Decimal values will be
ignored even if commanded.
6) The spindle speed should be kept constant throughout from the rough cutting until the
finishing.
7) If the feed hold function is employed during thread cutting to stop the feed, the thread
ridges will lose their shape. For this reason, feed hold does not function during thread
cutting.
If the feed hold switch is pressed during thread cutting, block stop will result at the end
point of the next movement block that does not contain thread cutting.
(The "Auto operation pause signal ON" warning will not appear.)
8) When thread cutting is started, the feedrate determined by the lead and spindle rotation
speed and the cutting feed clamp speed will be compared. If the speed exceeds the
cutting feed clamp speed, an error will occur.
9) In order to protect the lead during thread cutting, an actual feedrate may sometimes
exceed the cutting feed clamp rate.
43
10) An illegal lead is normally produced at the start of the thread cutting and at the end of
that because of servo system delay and other such factors.
Therefore, it is necessary to command a thread length which is determined by adding
the illegal lead lengths to the required thread length.
11) The spindle speed is subject to the following restriction:
1 R Maximum feedrate
Thread lead
Where R Permissible speed of encoder (r/min)
R = Spindle speed (r/min)
Thread lead = mm or inches
Maximum feedrate = mm/min or inch/mm
(this is subject to the restrictions imposed by the machine specifications).
12) Spindle override is invalid during thread cutting, and will be fixed to 100% regardless of
the external signal. If thread cutting is executed when an override value other than 100%
is selected, the 100% override will be applied during thread cutting. The selected
override value will be applied when thread cutting is completed.
13) Single block is invalid during thread cutting. Block stop will be applied at the end point of
the next movement block that does not contain thread cutting.
14) If the operation mode is changed during execution of G33, block stop will be applied at
the end point of the next movement block that does not contain thread cutting.
15) The thread cutting command waits for the single rotation sync signal of the rotary
encoder and starts movement. Note that when using multiple systems, if a system issues
the thread cutting command while another system is executing thread cutting, movement
will start without waiting for the rotary encoder single rotation sync signal. This will cause
the thread ridges to deviate, so do not issue the thread cutting command when using
multiple systems.
16) Thread cutting is executed in synchronization with the spindle selected with the R
register (R1839: command spindle selection). Note that if multiple spindles are selected,
the spindle with the smallest number will be used as the thread cutting spindle.
(Example 1) When the R1839 value is "4" (bit 2 is set to 1) The 3rd spindle will be
the thread cutting spindle.
(Example 2) When the R1839 value is "5" (bit 0 and bit 2 are set to 1) The 1st
spindle will be used as the thread cutting spindle.
1) Number of thread ridge command range (The direction with the most movement is used
as the reference)
Command unit Number of ridge command Command unit Number of ridge command
(mm) range (ridge/inch) (inch) range (ridge/inch)
0.001 0.01 to 999999.99 0.0001 0.0001 to 9999.9999
2) Number of thread ridge command unit

Inch command Metric command
Command unit Lead command unit Command unit Lead command unit
(inch) (ridge/inch) (mm) (ridge/inch)
0.0001 E1=1 (E1=1.0000) 0.001 E1=1 (E1=1.00)
3) The number of ridges in the long axis direction is assigned as the number of ridges per
inch.
4) The E command is also used to command the leads for precision thread cutting, but it
can also be used to designate the number of ridges by turning the control parameter
"Precision thrd cut E" OFF.
44
5) The E command value should be set within the lead value range when the lead is
converted.
(Lead value (inch) = 1/ridge)
6) See (a) Uniform lead thread cutting for other details.
(4) Restrictions
(a) Dry run can be validated for thread cutting by turning the control parameter "Dry run in thread
cut" ON. Note that the feedrate in dry run will not be synchronized to the spindle rotation. The
dry run signal is checked at the start of thread cutting, and any changes during thread cutting
are ignored.
(b) If thread cutting is commanded during tool radius compensation, the tool radius
compensation will be temporarily canceled, and thread cutting will be executed. Any
movement commands for axes other than the compensation axis will not be temporarily
canceled.
(c) If a group 1 modal command is issued in the same block, the G code commanded last will
have the priority.
(d) If group 9 (fixed cycle) is commanded in the same block, the thread cutting command will
have the priority.
(e) If G93 (inverse time feed) is commanded during the thread cutting modal, or if thread cutting
is commanded during the G93 modal, the program error "G93 mode error" will occur.
45
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.1 Rapid Traverse Rate
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.1 Rapid Traverse Rate
(a) The rapid traverse rate can be independently set for each axis.
(b) The rapid traverse rate is valid in the following G codes: G00, G27, G28, G29, G30 and G60.
(c) When positioning, the path from the start point to the end point is interpolated by a straight line.
With the parameters it is also possible to select non-interpolation type positioning that moves
at the maximum speed of each axis. The time taken for positioning is the same with either type.
Note that in reference point return, the interval between from the middle point to the reference
point is only non-interpolation type. (Interpolation type is invalid.)
(d) An override can be applied to the rapid traverse rate by an external signal dependent on PLC
specifications.
up to 100% is one step
F0, F1, 50%, 100%
F0: Can be set in the parameters at a constant speed for each axis.
F1: Can be set in the parameters at a constant percent.
(e) Setting range of the rapid traverse rate
Min. setting unit A, B B', C

Metric input system 1 to 480000 (mm/min, /min) 1 to 100000 (mm/min, /min)
Inch input system 1 to 18897 (inch/min) 1 to 3937 (inch/min)
Minimum setting range A: 0.01mm (0.001inch)

Minimum setting range B: 0.001mm (0.0001inch)
Minimum setting range B': 0.001mm (0.0001inch)
Minimum setting range C: 0.0001mm (0.00001inch)
46
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.2 Cutting Feedrate

(1) Outline
This function designates the feedrate of the cutting command. The feed amount per spindle
rotation or feed amount per minute is designated.
(2) Command format

F f1 ;

(a) Once set, that value is stored in the memory as a modal. The feedrate modal value is cleared
to zero only by a restart.
(b) The maximum value of the cutting feedrate is clamped by the parameters (setting range is the
same as the cutting feedrate) of the cutting feed clamp speed.
(c) Setting range of the cutting feedrate
Min. setting unit A, B B', C

Metric input system 1 to 480000 (mm/min, /min) 1 to 100000 (mm/min, /min)
Inch input system 1 to 18897 (inch/min) 1 to 3937 (inch/min)
Minimum setting range A: 0.01mm (0.001inch)
Minimum setting range B: 0.001mm (0.0001inch)
Minimum setting range B': 0.001mm (0.0001inch)
Minimum setting range C: 0.0001mm (0.00001inch)
(d) G code commands in which the cutting feed is valid
Refer to the interpolation function specifications for information on other commands (G01, G02,
G03, G02.1, G03.1, G33, etc.).
(e) Number of designated valid digits in the cutting feedrate
F9-digit direct designation (integer part: 6 digits, decimal part: 3 digits)
(f) Refer to the specifications for acceleration/deceleration before interpolation for information on
the cutting feed clamp speed during acceleration/deceleration before interpolation.
(4) Notes
(a) A program error will occur if there is no F command in the first cutting command (G01, G02,
G03, G02.1, G03.1) after restarting.
(5) Others
(a) Feedrate designation and effects on control axes
It has already been mentioned that a machine has a number of control axes. These control
axes can be divided into linear axes which control linear movement and rotation axes which
control rotation movement.
The feedrate is designed to designate the displacement speed of these axes, and the effect
exerted by this feedrate on the tool movement speed which affects cutting differs between the
time when control is exercised over the linear axes and when it is exercised over the rotation
axes.
The displacement amount for each axis is designated separately by a value corresponding to
the respective axis. The feedrate is not designated for each axis but designated as a single
value. Therefore, when two or more axes are to be controlled simultaneously, it is necessary
to understand how this will work for each of the axes involved.
The designation of the feedrate is described with the following related items.
1) When controlling linear axes
Even when only one machine axis is to be controlled or there are two or more axes to be
controlled simultaneously, the feedrate which is designated by the F code functions as a
linear speed in the tool advance direction.
When only linear axes are to be controlled, it is sufficient to designate the cutting feedrate
in the program.
The designated feedrate is broken down into components corresponding to the movement
amounts, and each of these components constitutes the feedrate for each axis.
47
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
2) When controlling rotation axes

When rotation axes are to be controlled, the designated feedrate functions as the rotation
speed of the rotation axes or, in other words, as an angular speed.
Consequently, the cutting feedrate in the tool advance direction, or in other words the
linear speed, varies according to the distance between the center of rotation and the tool.
This distance must considered when designating the feedrate in the program.
(Note) When the circular interpolation function is used and the tool is moved along the
circumference by the linear control axis, the rate in the tool advance direction, or
in other words the tangential direction, will be the feedrate designated in the
program.
3) When linear and rotation axes are to be controlled at the same time
The NC system is operated in exactly the same way whether linear or rotation axes are to
be controlled.
When a rotation axis is to be controlled, the numerical value assigned by the coordinate
words (A, B, C) is the angle and the numerical values designated by the feedrate (F) are
all handled as linear speeds. In other words, 1 of the rotation axis is handled as being
equivalent to 1mm of the linear axis.
Consequently, when both linear and rotation axes are to be controlled simultaneouly, the
components of the numerical value designated by F each component corresponding to
each axis will be the same as for item 1) above (When controlling linear axes).
In this case, however, although both the size and direction of the speed components
based on linear axis control do not vary, the direction of the speed components based on
rotation axis control will change along with the tool movement (their size will not change).
This means, as a result, that the composite tool advance direction feedrate will vary along
with the tool movement.
48
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.3 Feed per Minute; G94
7.3 Feed per Minute; G94

(1) Outline
By issuing a G94 command, the commands from that block can be commanded as feedrate per
minute (mm/min, inch/min) using an F code.
(2) Command format
G94 Ff1 ;

(a) Feed per minute is a modal command. Once commanded, it is valid until feed per rotation
(G95) is commanded.
(b) Command range
Metric input (mm)
Min. setting unit (A) 0.01mm (B) 0.001mm (B') 0.001mm (C) 0.0001mm
F command No decimal point F1 =1mm/min F1 =1mm/min F1 =1mm/min F1 =1mm/min
unit (mm/min) With decimal point F1.=1mm/min F1.=1mm/min F1.=1mm/min F1.=1mm/min
Command range (mm/min) 0.01 to 0.001 to 0.001 to 0.0001 to
480000.00 480000.000 100000.000 100000.0000
Inch input (inch)

Min. setting unit (A) 0.001inch (B) 0.0001inch (B') 0.0001inch (C) 0.00001inch
F command No decimal point F1 =1inch/min F1 =1inch/min F1 =1inch/min F1 =1inch/min
unit (inch/min) With decimal point F1.=1inch/min F1.=1inch/min F1.=1inch/min F1.=1inch/min
Command range (inch/min) 0.001 to 0.0001 to 0.0001 to 0.00001 to
18897.6378 18897.6378 3937.0078 3937.00787
1) 1mm/min (1inch/min) or less cannot be commanded without a decimal point.

When carrying out 1mm/min (1inch/min) or less commands, use a decimal point.
2) With the parameter "F cmnd mgf type /min" settings, the feedrate can be magnified by 1/10
and 1/100 using the F command commanded with no decimal point.
3) By turning the parameter "Initial synchr feed" OFF, the initial status after restart can be set
to asynchronous feed (feed per minute).
4) The F command unit is common to all systems.
(c) By turning the parameter "Initial synchr feed" OFF , the initial status after restart can be set to
asynchronous feed (feed per minute).
49
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.4 Feed per Rotation; G95
7.4 Feed per Rotation; G95

(1) Outline
By issuing a G95 command, the command from that block can be commanded as feedrate per
spindle rotation (mm/rev, inch/rev) using an F code. A rotary encoder must be installed on the
spindle to use this command.
(2) Command format
G95 Ff2 ;

(a) The G95 command is a modal command. Once commanded, it is valid until G94 (feed per
minute) is commanded.
(b) The minimum command unit and command range of the feedrate designation F are as follows.
Metric input (mm)
Min. setting unit (A) 0.01mm (B) 0.001mm (B') 0.001mm (C) 0.0001mm
F command No decimal point F1 = 0.1 F1 = 0.01 F1 = 0.01 F1 = 0.001
unit (mm/rev) With decimal point F1. = 1 F1. = 1 F1. = 1 F1. = 1
Command range (mm/rev) 0.001 to 99999.999 0.0001 to 9999.9999 0.0001 to 999.9999 0.00001 to 999.99999
Inch input (inch)

Min. setting unit (A) 0.001inch (B) 0.0001inch (B') 0.0001inch (C) 0.00001inch
F command No decimal point F1 = 0.01 F1 = 0.001 F1 = 0.001 F1 = 0.0001
unit (inch/rev) With decimal point F1. = 1 F1. = 1 F1. = 1 F1. = 1
Command range (inch/rev) 0.001 to 3937.007 0.0001 to 393.7007 0.0001 to 39.3700 0.00001 to 39.37007
1) 1mm/min (1 inch/min) or less cannot be commanded without a decimal point.

2) The F command unit is common to all systems.
(c) With the parameter "F cmnd mgf type /rot" settings, the feedrate can be magnified by 1/10 and
1/100 using the F command commanded with no decimal.
(d) By turning the parameter "Initial synchr feed" ON, the initial status after restart can be set to
the synchronous feed (feed per rotation) mode.
(e) The execution speed (actual machine movement speed) for feed per rotation is as follows.
FC = F N OVR (expression 1)
FC : Effective speed (mm/min, inch/min)
F : Command speed (mm/rev, inch/rev)
N : Spindle rotation speed (r/min)
OVR : Cutting feed override
When several axes are commanded simultaneously, the execution speed FC by expression 1
operates in the vector direction of that command.
(f) The FC of the setting and display unit "Position display" screen displays the execution speed
(mm/min or inch/min) converted from the command speed, spindle speed and cutting feed
override to the feedrate per minute.
(g) When the execution speed above exceeds the cutting feed clamp speed, the speed is
clamped at that speed.
(h) During machining lock high-speed processing, the value set in parameter "#320004 Machine
lock rapid " becomes valid regardless of command speed and spindle speed. When not
carrying out high-speed processing, the feedrate is the same as without machining lock.
(i) During dry run, the feedrate becomes feed per minute, and moves at the manual feedrate
(mm/min, inch/min, /min).
(j) The fixed cycle G84 (tap cycle) and G74 (reverse tap cycle) are executed following a
previously designated feed mode.
(4) Notes
(a) The operation warning "OPW 112 Spindle stop" will occur if the spindle speed is zero during
feed per rotation execution.
If the speed is slow (9r/min or less), a warning may be output. However, the operation will not
be obstructed.
50
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.5 Inverse Time Feed; G93

(1) Outline
During inside cutting when machining curved shapes with radius compensation applied, the
machining speed on the cutting surface becomes faster than the tool center feedrate. Therefore,
problems such as reduced accuracy may occur.
This reduced accuracy can be prevented with inverse time feed. This function can, in place of
normal feed commands, issue one block of machining time (inverse) in F commands. The
machining speed on the cutting surface is constantly controlled, even if radius compensation is
applied in to the machining program that expresses the free curve surface with fine segment lines.
Note that when the calculated machining time exceeds the cutting feed clamp speed, the F
command value in the inverse time feed follows the cutting feed clamp speed.
(2) Command format
G93 ;
Inverse time feed (G93) is a modal command. Once commanded, it is valid until feed per minute
or feed per rotation is commanded.
G00 Xx1 Yy1 ;
G93 ; Inverse time feed mode ON
G01 Xx2 Yy2 Ff2 ; In inverse time feed mode
G02 Xx3 Yy3 Ii3 Jj3 Ff3 ;
G94 (G95) ; Inverse time feed mode OFF

(a) Inverse time feed (G93) is a modal command. Once commanded, it is valid until feed per
minute (G94) or feed per rotation (G95) is commanded, or until a reset (M02, M30, etc.) is
executed.
(b) Command method of F command values in inverse time feed
Metric command (G21) Inch command (G20)
During linear Cutting feedrate [mm/min] Cutting feedrate [inch/min]

mode (G01) Cutting distance [mm] Cutting distance [inch]
During arc mode

Cutting feedrate [mm/min] Cutting feedrate [inch/min]
(G02, G03)
Start point arc radius [mm] Start point arc radius [inch]
(G02.1, G03.1)
Handling of F command Unmodal (command per block)

When F0 is commanded Program error (no F command)
When there is no F command Program error (no F command)
1
Command range (min ) 0.001~99999.999
Path after tool radius

compensation
Program path
With inverse time feed, the feedrate on the cutting

surface is constant.
51
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
(c) Example of program

When inverse time feed is used during radius compensation
Asynchronous feed Inverse time feed
N01 G90 G00 X80. Y80; N01 G90 G00 X80. Y80;
N02 G01 G41 X0 Y0 D11 F500; N02 G01 G41 X0 Y0 D11 F500;
N03 X100.; N03 X100.;
N04 G02 Y200. R100.; N04 G93 G02 Y200. R100.;
N05 G03 Y400. R100.; N05 G03 Y400. R100.;
N06 G02 Y600. R100.; N06 G02 Y600. R100.;
N07 G01 X0 F500; N07 G94 G01 X0 F500;
N08 Y0; N08 Y0;
N09 G40 X80. Y80.; N09 G40 X80. Y80.;
N10 M02; N10 M02;
Comparison of asynchronous feed and inverse time feed (when tool radius is 10.0mm)
Asynchronous feed Inverse time feed
Location Feedrate of Feedrate of Feedrate of Feedrate of
tool center cutting point tool center cutting point
N04 F500 F450 F550 F500
N05 F500 F550 F450 F500
N06 F500 F450 F550 F500

The block seam protrudes The feedrate follows the
due to the cutting speed command regardless of
change at the block seam. the tool radius.
(d) The initial modal after a restart is G94 (feed per minute) or G95 (feed per rotation).
(e) The feedrate of the block inserted in tool radius compensation, C axis normal line control and
corner R/C is the same speed as the feedrate of the block immediately before it.
(f) The feed function is clamped at the maximum cutting speed. Consequently, the feed may be
slower than the commanded speed.
(g) If an extremely slow speed such as F0.001 is designated, an error will occur in the machining
time.
(4) Notes
(a) The F command in G93 modal is unmodal. Issue an F command for each block. The program
error "PR0062" will occur in blocks with no F command.
(b) The program error "PR0062" will occur when F0 is commanded.
(c) An F command is necessary when G93 to G94 or G95 is commanded. The program error
"PR0062" will occur if there is no F command.
(d) In the inverse time feed mode, the program error will occur when the commands below are
issued.
G12 Inside cutting CW
G13 Inside cutting CCW
G31 to G31.1 Skip
G33 Thread cutting
G34 to G36, G37.1 Special fixed cycle
G37 Automatic tool length measurement
G73 to G89 Fixed cycle
(e) The program error will occur if inverse time feed (G93) is commanded in the following modes.
G33 Thread cutting
G73 to G89 Fixed cycle
(f) Even if the control parameter "1-digit F feed valid" is ON, the F1-digit feed command will not
be valid during the G93 modal.
(g) The dwell command in the inverse time feed modal is a time designation (dwell per second).
52
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.6 Synchronized Tapping; ,R/,H

(1) Outline
This function carries out tapping while carrying out synchronized control of the spindle and servo.
High-accuracy tap depth tapping can be carried out without a floating tap.
(2) Command format

(a) Tap pitch designation
G84 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Rr1 Pp1 Ff1 Ss1 , R1/Hh ;

(G74)
Tapping Hole position Hole machining data Pitch Spindle Synchronized method
command data speed
(b) Designation of the number of tap threads
G84 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Rr1 Pp1 Ee1 Ss1 , R1/Hh ;

(G74)
Tapping Hole position Hole machining data Number Spindle Synchronized method
command data of speed
threads
The address data is as follows.

G84 : Forward tap G74: Reverse tap
X, Y : Drilling coordinate position
Z : Hole bottom position
R : Hole R position
P : Dwell time at hole bottom
F : Z axis feed amount (tap pitch) per spindle rotation
E : Number of tap threads per Z axis inch
S : Spindle rotation speed
,R/H : Synchronous method selection
(,R0: asynchronous method ,R1: synchronous method
H0: asynchronous method Hh: (a)synchronous method (by the parameters))
(When ,R and H are commanded in the same block, the H command is ignored.) (h>0)

(a) The NC control status is as follows when the synchronous tapping command (G74, G84) is
carried out.
1. Cutting override 100% fixed

2. Feed hold invalid
3. IN TAPPING MODE signal output
4. Block seam deceleration command invalid
5. Single block invalid
(Note) With plane selection, the synchronous tapping cycle can be carried out for axes other
than the Z axis.
53
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
(b) The tapping control method is shown in the following drawing.
(1)
Setting from the CRT The synchronous tap control/
asynchronous tap control designation
Parameter
setting is ignored by the parameters
when the address ,R (H is outside the
Address, R/H (1) target) is commanded.
Asynchronous tap control Z axis feed control

G84 G84, G74
G74 Subprogram Synchronous tap control FR-SF spindle Control
Z axis feed
(c) Synchronous/asynchronous control is judged by ",R command" and parameters or "H

command" and parameters.
,R command (or H command)
No ,R command ,R0 ,R1

No H command H=0 H>0
Synchronous tap Synchronous Asynchronous Synchronous
parameter: ON method 1) method method 2)
Synchronous tap Asynchronous Asynchronous (A)Synchronous
parameter: OFF method method method 3)
1) Retract override parameter is referred to.

2) Retract override parameter is not referred to. (address H)
3) Asynchronous method during H command
(d) Tap return override

With this function, an override can be applied to the retract from the hole bottom to the R point
during synchronous tap.
1) Retract override valid/invalid
The "#3900=1" command of the fixed cycle subprogram validates the retract override.
(Only validated during synchronous tapping.)
2) Retract override setting

The override is set in the basic specification parameter "tapovr" of the machine parameters.
The setting range is from 0 to 999%, but when set below 100% a 100% clamp is applied.
3) Speed clamp when the retract override is valid

In situations such as when the speed with a retract override applied exceeds the cutting
clamp speed of the hole drilling axis or the spindle tap maximum speed (tap maximum
rotation speed of the selected gear level), the hole drilling axis feedrate and spindle rotation
speed is clamped by the cutting clamp speed of the hole drilling axis or the spindle tap
maximum rotation speed.
54
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
(4) Multi-step acceleration/deceleration

When acceleration/deceleration is carried out in the synchronous tap cycle, the acceleration rate
is calculated with the speed/time. However, in actual operation, if the motor characteristics
provide a constant output and a set rotation speed is reached, the torque will decrease. Thus, the
positioning time may increase because a longer time constant is set. To reduce this, the spindle
and hole drilling axis acceleration/deceleration pattern can be divided into multiple steps so that
the spindle acceleration/deceleration pattern is similar to the acceleration/deceleration pattern for
the speed loop. This will shorten the time to reach the rotation speed commanded for the spindle.
Speed
Motor operation
Multi-step acceleration/
deceleration
Shortened distance
Normal acceleration/
deceleration
Time constant Time
(a) Command method

Select time constant/constant inclination acceleration/deceleration or multi-step acceleration/
deceleration with the parameter "S-tap Slope/Time".
(b) Command format

G84 Xx Yy Zz Rr Pp Ff Ss , R1 Hh ,Ss ;
(G74) (Ee)
Basically, the command format is the same as for the normal time/constant inclination
acceleration/deceleration command. With multi-step acceleration/deceleration, the spindle
rotation speed for retracting can be commanded with the address (,S).
Address Details Command range
,S Spindle rotation speed for retracting 0 to 99999 (r/min)
The data is held as modal information. Thus, even if
the synchronous tap is canceled, the S command
will be held. Note that this can be canceled with the
parameter (#330106 Tap back speed CLR).
When ,S is commanded, if the value is smaller than the S command, the S command will
be valid during retract.
When ,S ( 0) is commanded, the tap retract override will be invalid.
The ,S command is canceled with reset (modal not held) or rewind. It is not canceled with
reset (modal held).
If the ,S command exceeds the maximum rotation speed for multi-step acceleration/
deceleration retract (stmax), it will be clamped at the maximum rotation speed for multi-step
acceleration/deceleration retract.
When ,S0 is commanded, the command will be ignored and the tap retract override will be
validated.
If S is commanded during an asynchronous (,R0) command, the S command will be
ignored.
The retract spindle rotation speed can be changed even when S is commanded in the G84
modal.
Note that when ,S is commanded independently (with no positioning command),
"PRW0004 Unused address exists" will occur.
55
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
(c) Maximum rotation speed and time constants

The maximum rotation speed and time constants for acceleration/deceleration are set for
each step.
1st step Maximum rotation speed Time constant
Gear 00 #200089 Stap11 #200093 Stapt11
Gear 01 #200090 Stap12 #200094 Stapt12
Gear 10 #200091 Stap13 #200095 Stapt13
Gear 11 #200092 Stap14 #200096 Stapt14
2nd step Maximum rotation speed Time constant
Gear 00 #200097 Stap21 #200101 Stapt21
Gear 01 #200098 Stap22 #200102 Stapt22
Gear 10 #200099 Stap23 #200103 Stapt23
Gear 11 #200100 Stap24 #200104 Stapt24
3rd step Maximum Maximum rotation
rotation speed speed for Time constant
for advancing retracting
Gear 00 #200014 Stap1 #200109 Stmax1 #200105 Stapt31
1) Cases for constant inclination acceleration/deceleration

When 1st step's maximum rotation speed = 0, and
2nd step's maximum rotation speed = 0, and
3rd step's maximum rotation speed > 0, and
3rd step's time constant > 0
Rotation speed (r/min)

Stmaxn Retract
Stapn Advance
Time (ms)
stapt3n
56
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
2) Cases for two-step acceleration/deceleration

0 < 2nd step's maximum rotation speed < 3rd step's maximum rotation speed, and
0 < 2nd step's time constant < 3rd step's time constant
Stmaxn Retract
Stapn Advance
Stap2n
Time (ms)
Stapt2n
Stapt3n
1st step's maximum rotation speed 0, and

0 < 2nd step's maximum rotation speed < commanded rotation speed < 3rd step's
maximum rotation speed, and
Rotation speed
(r/min)
Stmaxn
Stapn
Stap2n
S command
Stap1n
Time (ms)
Stapt1n
Stapt2n
57
7. FEED FUNCTIONS

0 < 2nd step's maximum rotation speed < 3rd step's maximum rotation speed, and
0 < 3rd step's time constant < 2nd step's time constant
Stmaxn Retract
Stapn Advance
Stap2n
Time (ms)
Stapt2n
Stapt3n

0 < 3rd step's maximum rotation speed < 2nd step's maximum rotation speed, and
Stap2n
Stapn
Time (ms)
Stapt2n
Stapt3n
The axis will accelerate to the 3rd step's maximum rotation speed at the 2nd step's
time constant
58
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
3) Cases for three-step acceleration/deceleration

0 < 1st step's maximum rotation speed < 2nd step's maximum rotation speed < 3rd
step's maximum rotation speed, and
0 < 1st step's time constant < 2nd step's time constant < 3rd step's time constant
Stmaxn Retract
Stapn Advance
Stap2n
Stap1n
Time (ms)
Stapt1n
Stapt2n
Stapt3n
0 < 1st step's maximum rotation speed < 2nd step's maximum rotation speed < 3rd
step's maximum rotation speed, and
0 < 2nd step's time constant < 1st step's time constant < 3rd step's time constant
Stmaxn Retract
Stapn Advance
Stap2n
Stap1n
Time (ms)
Stapt1n
Stapt2n
Stapt3n
(d) Override for retracting

During multi-step acceleration/deceleration retract override, the 3rd step's maximum rotation
speed becomes the maximum rotation speed for multi-step acceleration/deceleration
retracting (stmax1 to stmax4). The inclination follows the 3rd step's maximum rotation speed
and time constant.
Stmaxn
Stapn
Stap2n
Stap1n
Stapt1n Time (ms)
Stapt2n
Stapt3n
59
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
(e) Spindle rotation speed command for retracting (,S)

The maximum spindle rotation speed for retracting can be commanded with the address (,S).
When ,S<Stmaxn is established, the 3rd step's maximum rotation speed is clamped by ,S.
The inclination in this case is determined by Stapn and Stapt3n.
Stapn
Stap2n
Stap1n
Stapt3n
Stapt2n
Stapt1n
Time (ms)
Stap1n
Stap2n
Stapn
,S
Stmaxn
(5) Restrictions
(a) When both F and E are commanded simultaneously in the G84, G74 command block, the
prioritized address will be determined by the input unit.
Metric input.............Pitch (F) has the priority. (The number of ridges is ignored.)
Inch input................The number of ridges (E) has the priority. (The pitch is ignored.)
(b) During synchronous tapping, the hole drilling axis's cutting feedrate and spindle rotation
speed are clamped by the hole drilling axis's maximum cutting feedrate or the spindle
maximum rotation speed.
(c) During execution of G84, G74, the hole drilling axis's cutting feedrate is synchronized with
the spindle rotation speed. However, the cutting feedrate modal (F modal) will not change at
this time.
(d) The forward run (M3), reverse run (M4) and stop (M5) commands are ignored during the
synchronous tap cycle modal. (The M code and MF will not be output.)
The spindle's rotation speed will be synchronized with the hole drilling axis movement, and
will rotate in the forward or reverse direction. There is no need to issue the spindle forward
run or reverse run command before the fixed cycle command.
(e) If the S command is issued during the synchronous tap cycle modal, the program error
"PR0033 Format error" will occur. To change the spindle rotation speed, cancel the
synchronous tap cycle modal with G80, and then issue the G84 command.
[Example]
1) G84 Z-10. R-2. F1. S1000;
X-10.;
S2000; "PR033 Format error"
Y-10.;
2) G74 Z-10. R-2. F1. S2000;
X-10.;
S2000; "PR033 Format error"
Y-10.;
3) G74 Z-10. R-2. F1. S2000;
G74 Z-12. R-2. F1. S1500; "PR033 Format error"
60
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
(f) If there is no S command in the first G84 command block, synchronous tapping will be
executed with the previously commanded S command (S modal). (The gears will not be
changed in the G84 command block.)
(g) The other restrictions are the same as the regular fixed cycle.
(h) The spindle will not rotate while the miscellaneous function is locked.
(i) If F/E are not commanded in the G84, G74 command block, the program error "PR0183 No
pitch/thread number" will occur. Note that the previous F/E values will be used if the
parameter (#320024 Synchronized tapping) is turned ON.
In this case, the F/E values will be initialized when the NC is reset.
[Example] Parameter OFF
G84Xx Yy Zz Rr Ff Ss ,R1;
Xx;
G80;
G84Xx Yy Zz Rr ,R1; "PR0183 No pitch/thread number"
G80;
Parameter ON
G84Xx Yy Zz Rr Ff Ss ,R1;
Xx;
G80;
G84Xx Yy Zz Rr ,R1; Operates with previous f
G80;
61
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.7 Dwell (Time designation); (G94) G04
7.7 Dwell (Time designation); (G94) G04

(1) Outline
When G04 is commanded, the machine temporarily pauses, and goes to a standby status for the
time commanded in the program. With this function, the start of the next block can be delayed.
When the feed mode is feed per minute (G94), the operation becomes time designated. By adding
a multi-step skip function, the remaining dwell time can be canceled.
(2) Command format
(G94) G04 Xx1 ; Besides address X, designation is also possible with address
P.
Asynchronous Dwell Time

(a) The dwell time designation x1 range is from 0.001 to 99999.999s.
(b) The designation with address P can be changed over between decimal point valid/invalid by
the parameter "#320007 G04P decim pt valid". When the decimal point is invalidated by the
parameter setting, commands below the decimal point with address P are ignored.
(c) When a cutting command is in the previous block, the dwell command starts calculating the
dwell time after the machine has decelerated and stopped. When it is commanded in the same
block as an M, S, T or B command, the calculation starts simultaneously.
(d) The dwell function is valid during interlock.
(e) The dwell function is valid even for machine lock but it can be completed immediately by the
control parameter "#320004 Machine lock rapid".
(f) By the control parameter "#320005 G04 time fixed", the time designation (dwell per second)
can be set, regardless of the feed mode.
Previous block
cutting command
Next block
Dwell command
Dwell time
(g) Examples of programs

1) When input unit is 0.001mm.
(Example 1) G04 X500 ; 0.5s. dwell time
(Example 2) G04 X5000 ; 5s. dwell time
(Example 3) G04 X5. ; 5s. dwell time
G04 P5000 ; 5s. dwell time
G04 P12.345 ; 0.012s. dwell time
(12.345s. when the decimal point is validated
by the parameter settings.)
62
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.8 Dwell (Rotation designation); (G95) G04
7.8 Dwell (Rotation designation); (G95) G04

(1) Outline
When G04 is commanded, the machine temporarily pauses, and goes to a standby status for the
spindle rotation speed commanded in the program. With this function, the start of the next block
can be delayed. When the feed mode is feed per rotation (G95), the operation becomes rotation
speed designated. By adding a multi-step skip function, the remaining dwell time can be canceled.
(2) Command format
(G95) G04 Xx1 ; Besides address X, designation is also possible with address
P.
Synchronous Dwell Rotation

(a) The dwell rotation designation x1 range is from 0.001 to 99999.999rev.
(b) The designation with address P can be changed over between decimal point valid/invalid by
the parameter "#320007 G04P decim pt valid". When the decimal point is invalidated by the
parameter setting, commands below the decimal point with address P are ignored.
(c) When a cutting command is in the previous block, the dwell command starts calculating the
dwell time after the machine has decelerated and stopped (Refer to the figure below). If it is
commanded in the same block as an M, S, T or B command, the control is started
simultaneously.
(d) The dwell function is valid even for machine lock but it can be completed immediately by the
control parameter "#320004 Machine lock rapid".
(e) The dwell also stops during spindle stop. It is resumed when the spindle starts to rotate again.
(f) By the control parameter "#320005 G04 time fixed", the time designation (dwell per second)
can be set, regardless of the feed mode.
(g) This function cannot be used unless a position detection encoder has been mounted on the
spindle.
Previous block
cutting command
Next block
Dwell command
Dwell rotation speed
(h) If commanded in the same block as another unmodal command, the latter command will have
the priority.
(i) If commanded in the same block as the group 1 modal command (G00 to G03.1, G33), the
dwell will be executed and the modal will be updated.
(j) If commanded in the same block as a modal command that involves axis movement, such as
Group 4 (G22, G23), Group 7 or 8 (G40 to G44, G49), Group 9 (G73 to G89), Group 11 (G50,
G51), Group 15 (G40.1 to G42.1), Group 16 (G68, G69) or Group 19 (G50.1, G51.1), the dwell
will have the priority and the other command will be ignored.
(k) If commanded in the same block as a modal command that does not have an axis address,
such as plane selection, absolute/incremental command, inch/metric changeover, feed modal,
workpiece coordinate system changeover, or G61 to G64, both commands will be valid.
(l) If the dwell is commanded during the inverse time feed mode (G93), this will be a time
designation.
63
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.9 F1-digit Feed
7.9 F1-digit Feed

(1) Outline
When the control parameter "1-digit F feed valid" is ON, by designating a one-digit value after
address F, the feedrate preregistered in the parameters and corresponding to the value can be
commanded. The F commands include F0, and F1 to F9.
When F0 is commanded, the rapid traverse rate is set, and the same feedrate as G00 is applied.
(The G modal does not change.)
When F1 to F9 is commanded, the set feedrate corresponding to the setting becomes the
commanded rate.
When a value F10 or more is commanded, it will be interpreted as the normal F5-digit cutting
feedrate.
The F1-digit command is valid only in the G01, G02, G03, G02.1 or G03.1 modal.
The F1-digit command can be used in the fixed cycle.

(a) If a F1-digit command is issued in the automatic operation mode, the feedrate can be
incremented and decremented by turning the manual pulse generator.
This speed change is valid when the external input (PLC) "F1-digit speed change valid signal" is
selected.
(b) The feedrate increment/decrement amount follows the expression below.
FMn
F = (number of manual pulse generator pulses) (1)
K
Where, "+" expresses an increment, and "" expresses a decrement.
FMn : This is the clamp speed. Two types of speeds (FM1 and FM2) can be set.
FM1: Maximum speed for F1 to F4
FM2: Maximum speed for F5 to F9
K : Operation constant (This is the number of FMn divisions, and is the calculated
constant of the increment/decrement speed per scale of the manual handle pulse
generator.)
(Note 1) The manual pulse generator is also used for the conventional axis movement,
such as handle interrupt.
Select the usage purpose with the control parameters.
(c) The speeds corresponding to F1 to F9, K and FMn can be set on the Process param screen.
The increment/decrement value range is F1 to F9 ... 0 to FMn
However, if the feedrate is 0 or exceeds the FM1 (FM2 for F5 to F9), the operation warning
"OPW0167 F1 feed rate zero" will occur.
(3) Operation method

(a) Validate the F1-digit.
(b) Set FMn and K.
Setting range
K 0 to 32767
FM1 (FM2) 1 to 60000 (mm/min)
(c) Set F1 to F9.
Setting range
F1 to F9 1 to 60000 (mm/min)
64
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.9 F1-digit Feed
(4) Special notes

(a) Use of both the F1-digit command and normal cutting feedrate command is possible in the
(3)-(a) state.
(Example 1)
F0 .................. Rapid traverse rate
F1 to F9......... F1-digit
F10 or more .. Normal cutting feedrate command
(b) F1 to F9 are invalid in the G00 mode. The rapid traverse rate will be applied.
(c) If F0 is used in the G02, G03, G02.1 or G03.1 mode, the program error "PR0121 In F0 arc
modal mode" will occur.
(d) When F1. to F9. (with decimal point) is commanded, this will be the 1mm/min to 9mm/min
feedrate instead of the F1-digit command.
(e) When used with a metric or degree command, the feedrate set corresponding to F1 to F9 will
be the command speed (mm/min or /min).
(f) When used with an inch command, one-tenth of the feedrate set corresponding to F1 to F9
will be the command speed (inch/min).
(g) The number of manual pulse generator pulses is one pulse per scale, regardless of the
magnification.
(h) During the F1-digit command, the "in F1-digit command" signal and F1-digit number are
output as PLC signals.
(i) The speed designated with the E command is valid for the speed at the corner rounding or
corner chamfering.
(j) When both the F1-digit command and inverse time feed command are present, the inverse
time feed command will have the priority. When the inverse time feed is canceled (G94), the
F (speed) command is invalidated, so the F command must be issued again.
(5) F1-digit and G command

(a) 01 group G command in same block as F1-digit
Actual feedrate Modal speed display G modal
G0F0
Rapid traverse rate 0 G0
F0G0
G0F1
F1G0
G1F0
F0G1
G1F1
Actual feedrate 1 G1
F1G1
(b) The F1-digit and unmodal command can be issued in the same block. In this case, the
unmodal command is executed, and the F1-digit modal is updated simultaneously.
(6) Example of operation constant K setting

To set the one scale of the manual pulse generator to 10mm/min.
For FM1 = 15000mm/min:
15000
F = 10 =
K
With the above expression, K = 1500.
Thus, when the handle is turned by one scale, the feedrate will be F (1 to 4) 10 [mm/min].
65
7. FEED FUNCTIONS
7.9 F1-digit Feed
(7) Conditions for validating manual pulse generator

The following conditions must be established to validate the manual pulse generator.
Must be in cutting feed (F1 to F9).
Must be in automatic start.
F1-digit must be valid.
The machine side manual handle valid switch must be ON.
The mode must be the MDI mode, memory mode, HD operation or FD operation.
The machine must not be locked. (Machine lock rapid traverse)
Dry run or feed hold must not be in execution.
Note that this cannot be used if the handle specifications are not provided.
The first handle is used.
66
8. SPINDLE FUNCTIONS
8.1 Spindle Control Function
8.1 Spindle Control Function
(1) Outline
With this function, the spindle speed is determined for the S command issued by the automatic
operation or manual numerical value command, allowing for the override and gear ratio, and the
spindle is rotated. The outline of the spindle control is shown below.
NC PLC
BCD or BIN
S command value
S command START signal

S command decoding
Spindle rotation
command
Machining program
Manual numerical BIN
value command BIN/BCD selection
(parameter)
BIN
Spindle rotation
speed
Spindle output
command Gear selection
Digital spindle creation
Override
Gear ratio
maximum rotation
speed (parameter)

(a) When the spindle override is the code method, the designation is in 10% units from 50% to
120%, but when the override is the numerical value setting method, designation in 1% units
from 0 to 200% is possible. The override is invalid during spindle stop input ON, tapping mode
and thread cutting mode.
(b) The number of gear levels can be commanded up to four levels.
(c) The spindle maximum rotation speed can be set for each gear.
(3) Notes
(a) The processing sequence and completion sequence for the S command must be grouped in
the PLC.
(b) There is no rotation speed designation by the code designation method.
67
8.2 S Code Output
8.2 S Code Output

(1) Outline
When the eight-digit numbers (S00000000 to S 99999999) after the address S are commanded,
a 32-bit binary data with symbol attached and START signal, or an 8-digit BCD signal and START
signal are output to the PLC.
(2) Command format
S xxxxxxxx ;

(a) Numbers with up to eight digits can be commanded.
(b) Only one set of S commands can be commanded in one block. If more than one set of S
commands is commanded in one block, the last S command is validated.
(c) The PLC must be built into the NC to use this function. The processing sequence and
completion sequence for all S commands must be grouped in the PLC.
(d) Either binary output or BCD output is selected with the parameters.
(e) When commanding spindle rotation speed, the spindle rotation speed must be commanded
from the PLC as shown in the drawing in Section 8.1.
68
8.3 Spindle Position Control (Spindle C axis control)
8.3 Spindle Position Control (Spindle C axis control)

(1) Outline
With this function, servo control is carried out on the spindle amplifier and spindle motor, and the
spindle position can be controlled.

(a) When controlling the spindle position
1) The SERVO ON signal from the PLC is turned ON.
Position control
Spindle rotation Spindle rotation
SERVO ON
During servo OFF : Spindle (position control not possible)
Reference point return incomplete status
During servo ON : Spindle position control
2) After that, the command is carried out with the axis name when positioning control is set.
(Example) G00 C100. ;
(b) The coordinate system must be established by a reference point return when the spindle is
changed over to position control.
The reference point can be established using one of the following three methods.
Zero point return

Reference point return method Spindle parameter setting
parameter setting
Method where the position during Axis with no reference point The spindle does not carry
servo ON becomes the reference out an automatic reference
point point return
Method using the automatic The spindle carries out an
reference point return function of automatic reference point
the spindle return
Dog-type reference point return Dog-type reference point The spindle does not carry
return out an automatic reference
point return
(c) A spindle amplifier bus-connected with the control unit and a position detector are necessary
to carry out the spindle position command.
(d) The spindle can also be set so that it does not carry out an automatic reference point return by
an external signal.
(e) The resolution depends on the position detector resolution. Refer to the sections on "Minimum
setting units" and "Speed commands" for the setting units, speed, etc.
(f) A program error will occur if a position control command is carried out during servo OFF or
orientation.
69
9. TOOL FUNCTIONS
9.1 T Commands
9. TOOL FUNCTIONS
9.1 T Commands
(1) Outline
The tool number and tool compensation number can be commanded using the T commands (a
number up to eight digits following address T). Only one set of T commands can be commanded
in one block.
(2) Command format

(Example) When the T command has eight digits and the tool compensation number command
has two digits
T * * * * * * * * [. * ]
Suffix
Tool compensation number
Tool number
(a) The number of digits in the T command and the number of digits in the tool compensation
number below it are determined by the parameters.
(b) If the number of digits in the tool compensation number is 0, all of the digits can be used for
the tool number command.
A suffix (omission possible) can be commanded at the end of the T command.
(c) The tool compensation consists of tool length offset and tool nose wear compensation. One of
the following three methods can be selected by the parameters for designating these
compensation numbers.
(In this example, the T command has eight digits, and the tool compensation number has two
digits. There is no suffix.)
1) Method by which the compensation numbers of the tool length and tool nose wear are
designated by the T command low-order digits.
High-order digits The tool number is designated.
Low-order digits Both the tool length offset and tool nose wear compensation
are designated by the same compensation number.
(Example) T * * * * * * * *
Tool length offset number and tool

nose wear compensation number
Tool number
2) Method by which the tool number and tool length offset number are designated by the T
command high-order digits.
High-order digits The tool number and tool length offset number are designated
by the same compensation number.
Low-order digits The tool nose wear compensation number is designated.
(Example) T * * * * * * * *
Tool nose wear compensation number

Tool number and tool length offset
number
70
9. TOOL FUNCTIONS
9.1 T Commands
3) Method by which the tool length offset number is designated by the last two digits of the T
command high-order digits
High-order digits The tool number is designated by all the high-order digits.
The tool length offset number is designated by the last
two digits of the high-order digits.
Low-order digits The tool nose wear compensation number is designated.
(Example) T * * * * * * * *
Tool nose wear compensation

number
Tool length offset number
Tool number
(d) The tool number, START signal and suffix are output to the PLC (the tool compensation
number is not output) by the T command. The suffix use is random, but can be used to
designate, etc., the cutting edge of the tool having two cutting edges.
(e) Whether the tool number is output as a 32-bit binary value or as a BCD output is set by the
parameters.
(f) The processing sequence and completion sequence for all T commands must be composed
on the PLC side.
71
10. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
10.1 Miscellaneous Functions

10.1 Miscellaneous Functions
(1) Outline
When the number up to eight digits (M00000000 to M99999999) after the address M are
commanded, a 32-bit binary data and START signal, or an 8-digit BCD signal and START signal
are output to the PLC.
(2) Command format
Mm1 Mm2 Mm3 Mm4 ;
m1, m2, m3, m4: Number up to eight digits (00000000 to 99999999)

(a) Up to four sets of M commands can be simultaneously commanded in one block. If five or
more sets of M commands are commanded in one block, the last four M commands are
validated.
(b) Separate from the above signals, respective dedicated individual signals are also output for
the following signals.
M00 Program stop
M01 Optional stop
M02 Program end
M30 Program end
(c) To use this function, the processing sequence and completion sequence for all M commands
from M00000000 to M99999999 must be grouped in the PLC side (excluding M98, M99).
In this case, because the code signals and START signals of all the M commands in the same
block are simultaneously transferred from the CNC to the PLC, high-speed machine control
can be carried out by the PLC processing sequence.
(d) The output signals are either an 8-digit BCD code and START signal or a 32-bit binary data
with symbol attached and START signal. Either BCD output or binary output is set in the
parameters.
72
10.2 M Individual Output
10.2 M Individual Output

(1) Outline
These functions are output to the PLC when M00, M01, M02 and M30 are commanded during
automatic operation, or by a manual numerical value command, and are turned OFF by a
miscellaneous function completed signal and reset signal from the PLC.
(2) Command format
Machining M individual
Meaning Reply to the CNC
program output
M00 M00 Program stop Fin1 or Fin2
M01 M01 Optional stop Fin1 or Fin2
M02 M02 Program end Reset
M30 M30 Program end Reset

(a) As pre-read of M00, M01, M02 and M30 is prohibited, the next block is not read into the
pre-read buffer.
(b) When there is a movement command/dwell in the same block, the M individual output is output
after the movement command/dwell is completed.
1) Program stop: M00

When this miscellaneous function is read, reading to the next block is stopped. The NC
functions only stop the program reading. Whether the machine side functions such as
spindle rotation and coolant are stopped differ according to the machine.
The restart is carried out by the automatic start signal.
Whether a reset is carried out by M00 depends on the machine specifications.
2) Optional stop: M01

The program reading stops when the optional stop signal of the machine operation board
is turned ON, and this M01 command is read.
Restart is carried out by the miscellaneous function completed signal, not by the
automatic start signal. (When restarting with the automatic start button, it is necessary to
group the sequence in the user PLC.)
The M01 command is ignored if the optional stop signal is OFF.
3) Program end: M02 or M30

This command is normally used in the last block where machining is completed.
Normally this command is reset as a reply after it is output. The contents of the command
position display counter are not cleared by this reset, but the modal command and
compensation amount are canceled. Refer to the section on the NC reset for details.
The restart is carried out by the automatic start signal.
73
10.3 2nd Miscellaneous Functions
10.3 2nd Miscellaneous Functions

(1) Outline
By commanding an address code (with a number up to eight digits) that does not overlap with the
axis name from any of A, B, C, H, U, V, W, X, Y or Z, a 32-bit binary data and START signal, or a
BCD signal and START signal are output to the PLC.

(a) The address to be used is defined by the parameters.
(b) A command with a decimal point is also possible. If the decimal point is omitted, the output
magnification can be set with the parameters.
(c) A processing sequence and completion sequence are necessary for all 2nd miscellaneous
functions.
(d) The same address cannot be used in the axis name and 2nd miscellaneous function.
(e) If A is designated in the 2nd miscellaneous function address, the following functions cannot be
used.
Linear angle command
Geometric command
(f) Whether to output a binary data or BCD signal is set in the parameters.
74
11. TOOL COMPENSATION
11.1 Tool Length Offset; G43/G44/G49

(1) Outline
By this command, the position of the end point of the movement command is changed to the
position that was offset the previously set tool offset amount only, and movement control is carried
out.
Using this function, the distance difference, due to the tool length, between the program
coordinate position and the actual machine tool tip position is offset, and the program and
operation can be made more efficient.
(2) Command format

(a) Offsetting is carried out for the rotation tool.
(b) In 1-axis offset, a random axis is offset. Because the relation between the offset number and
offset axis is not assigned beforehand, which axis is to be offset must be designated when the
command is issued.
The offset number is designated by an H command.
G43 Zz1 Hh1 ; Besides the Z axis, tool length offset can be
G44 Zz1 Hh1 ; carried out for the all axes (such as X and Y)
Offset direction Selection Offset number that can be controlled by the system.
axis
G49 ; Tool length offset cancel
(c) The offset direction can be designated by the following G commands.

G43 Positive direction (z1 + h1)
G44 Negative direction (z1 h1)
(d) The offset is canceled by the following G commands.

G49 ;
G43 H0 ;
G44 H0 ;

(a) Tool length offset movement amount
1) The movement amount is calculated using the expression below when the G43 or G44 tool
length offset start command or G49 tool length offset cancel command is assigned.
G43 Zz Hh1 ; z + h1 (Offset in +direction by a value equivalent to offset
amount)
G44 Zz Hh1 ; z h1 (Offset in direction by a value equivalent to offset
amount)
G49 Zz ; z (+) h1 Offset amount cancel
h1: Offset amount of offset number h1
The actual end point of the coordinates is offset from the programmed movement
command end point coordinates by an amount calculated by the above expression,
regardless of whether absolute value or incremental value commands are used.
2) The G49 (tool length offset cancel) mode is established when the power is turned ON and
after the reset and M02 command have been executed.
75
(b) Offset numbers

1) The offset amounts differ according to the offset types.
Type A (When the option parameter = 1)
When G43 Hh1; is commanded, offset amount h1 commanded by offset number h1 will
be common to tool length offset amount, tool radius compensation amount, shape offset
amount and wear offset amount.
Type B (When the option parameter = 0)

When G43 Hh1; is commanded, offset amount h1 commanded by offset number h1 will
be the shape offset amount + wear offset amount.
2) The valid range of the offset numbers depends on the specification configuration (number
of offset sets).
Refer to "11.5 Number of compensation sets".
3) An alarm occurs when the offset number commanded exceeds the range of the
specifications.
4) The tool length offset is canceled by commanding H0.
5) An offset number commanded in the same block as G43/G44 will subsequently remain
valid as a modal.
(Example)
G43 Zz1 Hh1 ; Tool length offset is carried out by h1.
:
G45 Xx1 Yy1 Hh6 ;
:
G49 Zz2 ; Tool length offset is canceled.
:
G43 Zz2 ; Tool length offset is carried out again by h1.
6) When G43/G44 is further commanded while G43/G44 is still modal, offset carried out by an
amount equivalent to the difference in the data of the offset number.
(Example)
G43 Zz1 Hh1 ; z1 + (h1) movement
:
G43 Zz2 Hh2 ; z2 + (h2 h1) movement
76
(c) Tool length offset valid axes

1) When the control parameter (T leng offset Z fix) is ON, tool length offset applies at all times
to the Z axis.
2) When the control parameter (T leng offset Z fix) is OFF, it depends on the axis address
assigned in the same block as the G43/G44 command. When two or more axes are
simultaneously commanded, the sequence of priority is as follows: Z axis > Y axis > X axis.
(Example)
G43 Xx1 Hh1 ; +offset for X axis
:
G49 Xx2 ;
:
G43 Yy1 Hh2 ; +offset for Y axis
:
G49 Yy2 ;
:
G43 1 Hh2 ; +offset for additional axis
:
G49 2 ;
:
G43 Xx3 Yy3 Zz3 Hh3 ; +offset for Z axis
:
G49 ;
Additional axes are handled in accordance with the setting of the parameters.
When tool length offset is to be commanded with a rotation axis, set the name of the
rotation axis into any of the parallel axes.
3) When there is no axis address in the same block as G43, the Z axis is validated.
4) The Z and X axes are offset when the following is commanded:

G43Zz1Hh1 ;
G43Xx1Hh2 ;
(d) Operations when other commands are assigned while tool length offset is modal
1) Automatic reference point return (G28 high-speed/dog-type, G30 high-speed)
If automatic reference point return is started for an axis in the tool length offset modal, the
tool length offset will be canceled and the offset amount will be cleared when the reference
point is reached.
2) Manual dog type reference point return A

If manual dog-type reference point return is started for an axis in the tool length offset
modal, the tool length offset will be canceled and the offset amount will be cleared when
the reference point is reached.
Note that the Modal screen display will be updated when the system is restarted.
3) Manual high-speed reference point return A

If manual high-speed reference point return is started for an axis in the tool length offset
modal, the tool length offset will not be canceled when the reference point is reached.
Note that the tool length offset can be canceled with the parameter (110135 Cancel G43
MDL M-REF). In this case, the Modal screen display will be updated when the system is
restarted.
4) When a movement command is assigned to the G53 machine coordinate system,

movement follows to the machine position with the tool length offset amount canceled.
When returning to one of the workpiece coordinate systems (G54 to G59), the tool returns
to the coordinates which have been shifted again by an amount equivalent to the tool
offset.
77
(e) Operation during tool life management

If the tool length offset is commanded when the control parameter (T-life manage valid) is set,
the actual offset amount becomes as follows according to the settings on the Tool Life
Management screen.
1) Number offset method

When the tool length offset number is set on the Tool Life Management screen, the H
(offset number) designation is substituted for the set number, and tool length offset is
carried out.
(Example)
Tool Life Management screen setting: When the tool length offset number of tool number t1
is h2.
G43 Zz1 Hh1 ; Tool length offset is carried out for h1 by tool number h2.
:
G49 Zz2 ;
2) Offset amount direct offset method

When the tool length offset amount is set on the Tool Life Management screen, offset is
carried out by the set offset amount instead of offset amount indicated by H (offset
number).
(Example)
Tool Life Management screen setting: When the tool length offset number of tool number t1
is 1.
G43 Zz1 Hh1 ; The tool length offset of 1 amount is carried out.
(h1 offset amount is not used.)
:
G49 Zz2 ;
78
(4) Example
(a) Combined operation with tool length measurement
(Example 1.) Tool length offset by combination with tool length measurement type I
G28 X0 Y0 Z0; Z+2.0

T01;
T02 M06; R R
H01=
G91 G00 G43 -450.0
Z2.0 1;
(Note) H01=
-450.0
When the tool Z2.0
Z0.0
compensation amount is Workpiece
Workpiece
H021 = -450.000, etc.,
it is set by the negative Table Table
value.
(Example 2.) Tool length offset by combination with tool length measurement type II
G28 X0 Y0 Z0;
T01;
T02 M06; R R
G91 G54 G00 G43
Z2.0 01;
(Note) H01= H01=

When the tool +150.0 Z2.0 +150.0
Z0.0
W Workpiece W
H01 = +150.000, etc.,
it is set by the positive Table Table
value.
(b) When offsetting is carried out with the distance between the reference point and
workpiece as a reference
G28 X0 Y0 Z0; Z+2.0

T01;
T02 M06; R R
H01=
G91 G00 G43 -450.0
Z2.0 01;
(Note) H01=
-450.0
When the tool Z2.0
Z0.0
Workpiece
H021 = -450.000, etc.,
it is set by the negative Table Table
value.
79
(5) Notes
To set the tool compensation amount (tool length and tool radius) during automatic operation, set
during the single block stop.
The following will occur when the compensation amount is set during automatic operation.
When tool radius
State during
When tool length offset amount is set compensation
automatic operation
amount is set
Whether to validate the setting from the next
block or from the next H No. command can be Valid from the next
During single stop
set with parameter (110051 Op Tolcomp ofs block.
valid).
The set compensation amount is validated from the tool compensation
Other than the above
command block several blocks ahead of the block being executed.
80
11.2 Tool Radius Compensation; G40/G41/G42/G38/G39
11.2.1 Outline
This commands the function that compensates the tool radius. This function compensates the actual
tool center path in respect to the program path on the outside or inside by the tool radius amount,
using a combination of G commands and D designations.
Because path calculation is carried out by the intersection calculation method, overcutting does not
occur at the inside of corners.
Compensation control operation is carried out from the G41 or G 42 commanded blocks. In the tool
radius compensation mode, up to five blocks of the program are pre-read, including blocks with no
movement amount. Of those blocks, a tool radius interference check is carried out on the shape of up
to three blocks with movement amount.
G code Function
G38 Vector change during tool radius compensation
G39 Corner arc during tool radius compensation
G40 Tool radius compensation cancel
G41 Tool radius compensation left command
G42 Tool radius compensation right command
Tool path
r r
r: Tool radius compensation amount Program path
81
11.2.2 Command format
G17 G01 G41 Xx1 Yy1 Dd1 ;

Compensation Cutting Compensation Movement Movement Compensation
plane command axis axis number
(1) Compensation plane

The compensation plane, movement axis and the next advance direction vector follow the plane
selection command designated from G17 to G19.
G17 XY plane, X, Y, I, J
G18 ZX plane, Z, X, K, I
G19 YZ plane, Y, Z, J, K
(2) Compensation command
Command format Function Remarks

G40X_Y_ ; Tool radius compensation cancel
G41X_Y_ ; Tool radius compensation (left)
G42X_Y_ ; Tool radius compensation (right)
G38I_J_ ; Compensation vector change and Command valid only in the
hold radius compensation mode
G39X_Y_ ; Corner changeover
(3) Compensation number

Number of compensations sets differs according to the model.
D01 to Dn
In tool radius compensation, H commands are ignored and only D commands are validated.
82
11.2.3 Tool radius compensation operations
(1) Tool radius compensation cancel status

(a) The tool radius compensation cancel mode is established by any of the following conditions.
1) After the power has been turned ON
2) After the reset button on the CNC unit has been pressed
3) After the M02 or M30 command with reset function has been executed
4) After the compensation cancel command (G40) has been executed
(b) The offset vectors are zero in the compensation cancel mode, and the tool center path
matches the program path.
(c) Programs including tool radius compensation must be terminated in the compensation cancel
mode.
(2) Tool radius compensation start (start-up)

(a) Tool radius compensation starts when all the following conditions are met in the compensation
cancel mode.
1) The G41 or G42 command has been issued.
2) The compensation number of the tool radius compensation is 0 < D maximum
compensation number.
3) The movement command is any command except an arc command.
(b) At the start of compensation, regardless of continuous operation and single-block operation,
three blocks of movement commands are always pre-read. If there are not three blocks of
movement commands, maximum of five blocks are pre-read and compensation calculation is
carried out.
Control mode transition diagram
Machining T_; S_; G00_; G41_; G01_; G02_;

program
Starting to pre-read 5 blocks ahead
G01_; G02_;
Pre-read buffer T_; S_; G00_; G41_; G01_; G02_;
Execution block T_; S_; G00_; G41_; G01_; G02_;
(c) There are two ways of starting the compensation operation: type A and type B.
The type can be selected or de-selected by the parameter.
This type is used in common with the compensation cancel type.
(d) In the following explanatory diagram, "S" denotes the single block stop point.
83
(3) Start operation for tool radius compensation

(a) Machining an inside corner
Linear Linear Linear Arc

Program path
r = Compensation amount r
Program path
Tool center path
s s
G42
G42
Tool center
path
Start point Start point Center of arc
(b) Machining an outside corner (obtuse angle) (Type A or B can be selected by parameter)
[90 < 180]
Linear Linear (Type A) Linear Arc (Type A)
s s
Tool center path
r = Compensation amount r
G41 G41 Tool center path
Program path

Center of arc Program path
Linear Linear (Type B) Linear Arc (Type B)
Intersection
Intersection
s
s
Tool center path r
r r
r
Tool center path
Program path G41
G41

Start point
Start point Center of arc Program path
(Note) Cutting in may occur if the compensation amount is larger than the arc radius.
84
(c) Machining an outside corner(acute angle) (Type A or B can be selected by parameter)

[ < 90]
Linear Linear (Type A) Linear Arc (Type A)
Center of
s arc
Tool center path Tool center path

r
s
Program path r Program path
G41

G41
Start point
Start point
Linear Linear (Type B) Linear Arc (Type B)

s Center of
arc
Tool center path
r Tool center path
s
Program path
r r Program path

G41 r
Start point
G41
Start point
(Note) An alarm will occur without the radius compensation starting up if cancel G40 is commanded
without an axis movement command in the compensation plane after a G41/G42 command.
85
(4) Operations in compensation mode

Compensation is valid both for positioning and for interpolation commands such as circular and
linear interpolation.
Even if the same compensation command (G41/G42) is issued in a compensation mode, the
command will be ignored.
When 4 or more blocks not accompanying movement are commanded continuously in the
compensation mode, overcutting or underwriting will result.
(a) Machining an outside corner
Linear Linear (90 < 180) Linear Linear (0 < < 90)
Tool center path

r
s
Program path

r
Program path
Tool center path

Intersection
Linear Arc (90 < 180) Linear Arc (0 < < 90)
Tool center path

r
s
Program path Program path
r
r r
Tool center path
Center of arc
Center of arc
Arc Linear (90 < 180) Arc Linear (0 < < 90)
Center of arc
Program path
Program path
Tool center path r

Tool center path r Center of arc
r
s
Intersection
s
86
Arc Arc (90 < 180) Arc Arc (0 < < 90)
Center of arc

r
r
Tool center path r r
Tool center path
s
Intersection
Center of arc Center of arc Center of arc

s
(b) Machining an inside corner
Linear Linear (Obtuse angle) Linear Linear (Acute angle)

r
r s
s
Tool center path r Tool center path
Intersection
Linear Arc (Obtuse angle) Linear Arc (Acute angle)

Program path Program path Center of arc
r
s s
Inter- Inter-
section section r
r
Center of arc
Arc Linear (Obtuse angle) Arc Linear (Acute angle)

Center of arc
Program path
Program path
s
s Tool center path
Inter- Inter-
r section Tool center path
section
r
Center of arc
87
Arc Arc (Obtuse angle) Arc Arc (Acute angle)
Intersection Center of arc

Tool center path
s
r

Center of arc
Program path
s Tool center path
Center of arc Center of arc Inter-
section
Program path
(c) When the arc end point is not on the arc

For a spiral arc command The interval from the start point to the end point of the arc
command is interpolated as a spiral arc.
For a normal arc command If the error after compensation is within the value of the
parameters, it is interpolated as a spiral arc.
Hypothetical circle
Tool center path
Program path End point of arc
s
r
R
Center of arc
(d) When the inner intersection point does not exist

In an instance such as that shown in the figure below, the intersection point of arcs A and B
may cause to exist due to the compensation amount.
Program error stop

Tool center path
Center of arc A
r
r
Program path
A B
Line intersecting arcs A and B
88
(5) Tool radius compensation cancel

If either of the following conditions is met in the tool radius compensation mode, the tool radius
compensation will be canceled.
a. The G40 command has been executed.
b. The compensation number (D00) has been executed.
However, the movement command must be a command which is not an arc command.
If the compensation is canceled by an arc command, alarm results.
The cancel mode is established after the compensation cancel command has been read, 5-block
pre-reading is suspended and 1-block pre-reading is applies instead.
(6) Tool radius compensation cancel operation

(a) Machining an inside corner
Linear Linear Arc Linear
Program path
r = Compensation amount
r Program path
Tool center path
s s
G40
G40
Tool center
path
End point End point
Center of arc
(b) Machining an outside corner (obtuse angle) (Type A or B can be selected by parameter)
Linear Linear (Type A) Arc Linear (Type A)

s s
r = Compensation Tool center path

amount r
G40 G40 Tool center path
Program path
End point End point Program path

Center of arc
Linear Linear (Type B) Arc Linear (Type B)
Intersection
Intersection s
s
Tool center path
r
r r
r
Tool center path
Program path G40
G40

End point
End point Center of arc Program path
89
(c) Machining an outside corner (acute angle) (Type A or B can be selected by parameter)
Linear Linear (Type A) Arc Linear (Type A)
Center of
s arc

r
s
r
G40

G40
End point
End point
Linear Linear (Type B) Arc Linear (Type B)

Center of
s
arc
Tool center path
r Tool center path
s
Program path
r r Program path

r
G40
End point
G40
End point
90
(7) Corner movement

When a multiple number of compensation vectors are created at the seams between movement
command blocks, the tool will move in a straight line between those vectors.
This action is called corner movement.
The movement for turning the corner is related to the movement of the joining blocks. Thus, the
operation in the single block operation is executed as a single block consisting of the previous
block, the joining movement, and the corner movement. The remaining joining movement and the
next block is executed as one block at the next start.
Program path N1
N2

r
r
Tool center path Center of arc
This movement
and feedrate fall
under block N2.
Stop point with single block
91
11.2.4 Other commands and operations for tool radius compensation
(1) Inserting a corner arc

When the G39 command (corner arc) is assigned without carrying out intersection calculation of
the workpiece corner, the arc with the compensation amount as its radius is inserted. Cutting in
will occur during inside compensation.
(a) For linear
<With outside compensation> <With inside compensation>

Inserted arc
Inserted arc
Intersection
s Tool center path Program path
r=Compensation
r=Compensation amount amount
s
Program path Tool center path
Intersection
(With G39 command) (Without G39 command) (With G39 command) (Without G39 command)
(b) For arc
<With outside compensation> <With inside compensation>

Inserted arc
Intersection r=Compensation
s amount
Tool center path Inserted arc
Tool center path
r=Compensation amount Program path
Program path
Intersection
s
(With G39 command) (Without G39 command) (With G39 command) (Without G39 command)
(Example)
Tool center path N5

N1 G28X0Y0;
Program path N2 G91G01G42X20.Y20.D1F100;
N3 G39X40.;
N6 N4 N4 G39Y40.;
N5 G39X-40.;
N6 Y-40.;
N7
N3
N7 G40X-20.Y20.;
N2
N8 M02.;
D1=5.000
N1
(Note) The corner arc will not be inserted when the G39 independent block is commanded.
92
(2) Changing/retaining the compensation vectors

The compensation vectors can be changed or retained during tool radius compensation by the
G38 command.
(a) Retaining the vectors:
When G38 is assigned in a block with a movement command, the vectors of the previous
block are retained without the intersection being calculated at the end point of that block.
G38XxYy ;
This function can be used for pick feed, etc.
1. Retaining the inside compensation vector 2. Retaining the outside compensation acute angle
N11 Program path Tool center path
r1 N12 r1
N13
N12
r1 r1
N11
N11G1Xx11 ;
N12G38Xx12Yy12 ; Tool center path N13 Program path
N11G1Xx11Yy11 ;
N13G40Xx13 ;
N12G38Xx12Yy12 ;
N13G40Xx13 ; r1: Vector at N11-N12 block
r1: Vector at N11-N12 block intersection calculation intersection calculation
3. Retaining the outside compensation obtuse angle
r1
Tool center path
N12
N11 r1
N11G1Xx11Yy11 ; N13 Program path

N12G38Xx12Yy12 ;
N13G40Xx13 ;
r1: Vector at N11-N12 block intersection calculation
(b) Changing the vectors :

The direction of the new compensation vectors can be designated with I, J and K, while the
compensation amount can be designated with D .
(These can be commanded in the same block as the movement command.)
G38 Ii Jj Dd ; (I, J and K depend on the selected plane)
Tool center path

N11G1Xx11 ;
d d j N12Yy12 ;
N13
N13G38Xx13IiJjDd ;
i N14G40Xx14Yy14 ;
N12
N14
N11 Program path The compensation amount d vector is created
in the commanded i and j vector direction.
(Note) If G38 is commanded in the same block as the arc block (G02/G03) I and J commands,
I and J will be handled as the G38 vector, and "PR0070 Arc end point deviation large"
will occur.
93
(c) Commanding G41/G42 and vector hold/change (G38) in the same block
When these are commanded in the same block, G41/G42 will be valid and G38 will be ignored
as shown below.
Program command Operation
G40G41/G42+G38 G41/G42 commands are valid.
G40G41/G42+G38+I, J G41/G42I, J commands are valid.
G41/G42G41/G42+G38 G41/G42 commands are valid.
G41/G42G41/G42+G38+I, J G41/G42I, J commands are valid.
94
(3) Changing the compensation direction during tool radius compensation

(a) The compensation direction is determined by the tool radius compensation commands (G41,
G42) and the compensation amount sign.
Compensation
direction +
G code
G41 Left-hand compensation Right-hand compensation
G42 Right-hand compensation Left-hand compensation
(b) The compensation direction can be changed by changing the compensation command in the
compensation mode without commanding the compensation cancel. However, no change is
possible in the compensation start block and the following block. Refer to the "General
cautions for tool radius compensation" for the operations when the sign is changed.
LinearLinear
Tool center path r

Intersection
r
Program path
G41 G41 G42
95
(c) When there is no intersection at compensation direction change

LinearArc
G41 G42 G41 G41 G42
Program path
r r
Tool center path
ArcArc
Tool center path

Center of arc
Program path r
G41 G42
G41
Center of arc
G41 G41 G42
When returning with linear
G41
Tool center path
G42
r
Program path
G42
(d) In the following case, the arc may become 360 or

more.
Program path
a. Compensation direction selection based on
G41/ G42. Tool center
b. I, J, K assigned in G40 path
The tool center passes through an area where
the arc is duplicated due to compensation. An G41
uncut area will therefore result.
G42
Uncut section
96
(4) Command for eliminating compensation vectors temporarily

When the following command is issued in the tool radius compensation mode, the compensation
vectors are temporarily eliminated and a return is then made automatically to the compensation
path. In this case, the compensation is not canceled, and the tool goes directly from the
intersection vector to the point without vectors or, in other words, to the program commanded.
When a return is made to the compensation path, it goes directly to the intersection.
(a) Reference point return command
S
S
Middle point
N5 N6 N7 N8
~
(G41)
N5 G91 G01 X60. Y30. ;
N6 G28 X50. Y-40. ;

Compensation at middle point
N7 X30. Y-60. ; (temporary vector : 0)
(Reference point when there is no middle
N8 X70. Y40. ;
point)
~
(b) G33 thread cutting command

Tool radius compensation does not apply to the G33 block.
G33
Intersection
(G41) Tool center path

r
Program path
(c) When G53 (basic machine coordinate system selection) is commanded, the compensation
vector is eliminated temporarily.
(Note) The compensation vector does not change with the coordinate system setting (G92)
command.
97
(5) Blocks without movement and M commands prohibiting pre-read

The following blocks are known as blocks without movement.
a. M03 ; M command
b. S12 ; S command
c. T45 ; T command
d. G04X500 ; Dwell
e. G22X100. Y150. Z100. ; Machining prohibit area setting
f. G10L10P01R50 ; Compensation amount setting
g. G92X600. Y400. Z500. ; Coordinate system setting
h. (G17) Z40. ; Movement but not on compensation plane
i. G90 ; G code only
j. G91X0 ; Zero movement amount
M00, M01, M02 and M30 are treated as pre-read prohibit M codes.
(a) When assigned at compensation start

Compensation is performed perpendicularly at the next movement block.
N2
N3
N1 X30.Y60.;
N2 G41 D10; Block without

movement N1
N3 X20.Y-50.; N4
N4 X50.Y-20.;
When 4 or more blocks without movement follow in succession and there is an M

command prohibiting pre-read, the compensation vectors will not be created.
N2, 3, 4, 5, 6
N1 X30.Y60.;
N2 G41 D10;
N7
N3 G4 X1000; (Intersection)
N4 F100; Block without
N5 S500; movement N1
N8
N6 M3;
N7 X20.Y-50.;
N8 X50.Y-20.;
N2~5
N1 G41 X30.Y60.D10;
N6
N2 G4 X1000;
(Intersection)
N3 F100; Block without N1
N4 S500; movement N7
N5 M3;
N6 X20. Y-50.;
N7 X50. Y-20.;
98
(b) When assigned in the compensation mode

When 4 or more blocks without movement do not follow in succession in the compensation
mode and there is no M command prohibiting pre-read, the intersection vectors will be
created as usual.
N6 G91X100. Y200.; N7 N8
N7 G04X P1000; Block without
N8 X200. ; movement
N6 N8
Block N7 is executed here.

N6
When 4 or more blocks without movement follow in succession and when there is an M
command prohibiting pre-read in the compensation mode, the compensation vectors are
created perpendicularly at the end point of the previous block.
N11
N6 X100. Y200.;
N7 G4 X1000;
N6 N11
N8 F100 ; Block without
N9 S500 ; N7 to N10
movement
N10 M4 ;
N11 X100. ; N6
In this case, cutting results.
(c) When commanded together with compensation cancel

Only the compensation vectors are canceled when a block without movement is
commanded together with the G40 command.
N8
N7
N6 X100. Y200. ;
N7 G40 G04P1000 ;
N8 X100. Y50. ;
N6
99
(6) When I, J, K are commanded in G40

(a) When the last movement command block among the 4 blocks before the G40 block is in the
G41 or G42 mode, it is considered to be commanded in the vector I, J and K direction from the
end point of the last movement command, and compensation is canceled after interpolation up
to the intersection with the corresponding hypothetical tool center path. There is no change in
the compensation direction.
(a,b) Hypothetical tool center path
(i,j)
N2
Tool center path A N1 (G41)G1X_ ;
r
r N2 G40 XaTbIiJj ;
G41 r
N1
Program path
In this case, care is required since the intersection must be sought even when the command
vector is incorrect, as in the figure below, regardless of the compensation direction.
(a,b)
N2
Tool center path When the I, J signs
A are incorrect in the
G41 above program
N1 r
example
Program path
r
(i,j)
Hypothetical tool center path
When the compensation vectors are extremely large as a result of the intersection calculation,
perpendicular vectors are created in the block before G40.
(a,b)
G40
Tool center path
A
G41
Program path r
(i,j) r
Hypothetical tool center path
(b) Care should be taken with the G40 command after an arc command since a section may be
left uncut when the arc exceeds 360 due to the contents of I, J and K.
r
Section left uncut
N2
N1 (G42,G91) G01X200. ;
(i,j) N2 G02 J150. ;
r N3 G40 G1X150.Y-150.I-100.J100. ;
N1
Program path
Tool center path r
G42
G40
N3
100
11.2.5 G41/G42 commands and I, J, K designation
The compensation direction can be intentionally changed by issuing the G41/G42 command and I, J,
K in the same block.
(1) Command format
G17 (XY plane) G41/G42 X__ Y__ I__ J__ ;

G18 (ZX plane) G41/G42 X__ Z__ I__ K__ ;
G19 (YZ plane) G41/G42 Y__ Z__ J__ K__ ;
Assign a linear command (G00, G01) in a movement mode.
(2) I, J type vectors (G17 XY plane selection)

The new I, J type vector (G17 plane) created by this command is now described.
Similar descriptions apply to vector K, I for the G18 plane and to J, K for the G19 plane.
As shown in the figures below, the vectors with a size equivalent to the compensation amount are
made to serve as the I, J type compensation vector perpendicularly to the direction designated by I,
J without the intersection of the programmed path being calculated.
The I, J vector can be commanded during the compensation mode (when G41/42 are commanded
in the same block) even at the compensation start.
Even when the compensation mode is entered, if there is no G41/G42 command, the I, J vector
command will be ignored.
(a) When I, J is commanded at compensation start

1) When there are movement commands
N110
N120
N130 (G40)
Y N140 N150
~
D1 N100 G91 G41 X100. Y100. I150. D1 ;

N100 N110 G04 X1000 ;
X N120 G01 F1000 ;
N130 S500 ;
N140 M03 ;
Program path N150 X150. ;
~
Tool center path
2) When there are no movement commands
Y (G40)
N3
~
N1 G41 I150. D1 ;
X
N2 N2 G91 X100. Y100. ;
N3 X150. ;
~
D1 N1
101
(b) When I, J has been assigned in G41/G42 mode

1) When there are movement commands
(I,J) N110
(2)
~
N100 D1
(G17 G41 G91)
N120 (1) N100 G41 G00X150. J50. ;
(2) N110 G02 I150. ;
(N120) N120 G00 X-150. ;
Y
~
X
Program path
(1) I,J type vector
Tool center path (2) Intersection calculation type vector
Path with intersection calculation
(K,I) N110
N100
~
N120
(G18 G41 G91)
N100 G41 G00 Z150. I50. ;
N110 G02 K50. ;
(N120) N120 G00 Z-150. ;
X
~
(J,K) N110
~
N100
(G19 G41 G91)
N120 N100 G41 G00 Y150. K50. ;
N110 G02 J50. ;
(N120) N120 G00 Y-150. ;
~
2) When there are no movement commands

N3 N4
N5
(I,J) N1 G41 D1 G01 F1000 ;
N2
N2 G91 X100. Y100. ;
N3 G41 I50. ;
N4 X150. ;
N5 G40 ;
N1
D1
102
(3) Direction of offset vectors

(a) In G41 mode
Direction produced by rotating the direction commanded by I, J through 90 to the left from the
forward direction of the Z axis (3rd axis) as seen to the zero point
(Example 1) With I100. (Example 2) With I 100.
Offset vector direction (100, 0) I, J direction
(100, 0) I, J direction
Offset vector direction
(b) In G42 mode

Direction produced by rotating the direction commanded by I, J through 90 to the right from
the forward direction of the Z axis (3rd axis) as seen to the zero point
(Example 1) With I100. (Example 2) With I 100.

(100, 0) I, J direction Offset vector direction
Offset vector direction (100, 0) I, J direction
(4) Selection of offset modal

The G41 or G42 modal can be selected at any time.
Y
N1 G28 X0Y0 ;
N2 G41 D1 F1000 ;
X N3 G01 G91 X100. Y100. ;
(I,J) N4 G42 X100. I100. J-100. D2;
N4 N5 X100. Y-100. ;
N3 D2
N6 G40 ;
N7 M02 ;
N2
N5 %
D1
N6
103
(5) Compensation amount for offset vectors

The compensation amounts are determined by the compensation number (modal) in the block
with the I, J designation.
(Example 1)
D1 A D1 (G41 D1 G91)
~
(I,J)
y N100 N100 G41 X150. I50. ;
N110 X100. Y-100. ;
N110
~
x
Vector A is the compensation amount entered in compensation number modal D1 in the N100
block.
(Example 2)
(G41 D1 G91)
B D2
~
D1
N200 G41 X150. I50. D2 ;
y (I,J) N210 X100. Y-100. ;
N200
~
N210
x
Vector B is the compensation amount entered in compensation number modal D2 in the N200
block.
(6) Notes
(a) Issue the I, J type vector in a linear mode (G00, G01). If it is issued in an arc mode at the start
of compensation, program error will result.
An I, J designation in an arc mode functions as an arc center designation in the circular mode.
(b) When the I, J type vector has been designated, it is not deleted (avoidance of interference)
even if there is interference. Consequently, overcutting may arise in such a case.
Cutting N1 G28 X0 Y0 ;
x
N2 G42 D1 F1000 ;
(I,J)
N3 G91 X100. ;
N4 G42 X100. Y100. I10. ;
N5 X100. Y-100. ;
N6 G40 ;
N7 M02 ;
N2 N4 N5 N6
N3
104
(7) Supplementary notes

(a) The vectors differ for the G38 I_J_ (K_) command and G41/G42 I_J_ (K_) command.
G38 G41/G42
: :
(G41) (G41)
: :
G38 G91 X100. I50. J50. ; G41 G91 X100. I50. J50. ;
: :
(I, J)
(I, J)
(Compensation (Compensation
amount) amount)
Vector with size of compensation amount in I, Vector with size of compensation amount
J direction perpendicularly to the I, J direction
(b) Refer to the following table for the compensation direction which can be applied depending on
whether or not the G41/G42 and I, J (K) commands are used in combination.
G41/G42 I, J, (K) Compensation method

No No Intersection calculation type vector
No Yes Intersection calculation type vector
Yes No Intersection calculation type vector
Yes Yes I, J type vector (No insertion block)
N3 A
N1 G91 G01 G41 X200
D1 F1000 ;
N2 X-150. Y150. ;
(I,J) N3 G41 X300. I50. ;
N4 X-150. Y-150. ;
N4 N5 G40 X-200. ;
N2
Y
N1 The A insertion block is not used with I, J

N5 X type vector compensation
105
11.2.6 Interrupts during tool radius compensation
(1) MDI interrupt

Tool radius compensation is valid in any automatic operation mode - whether tape, memory or
MDI operation.
An interrupt based on MDI will give the result as in the figure below after block stop during tape or
memory operation.
(a) Interrupt without movement (tool path does not change)
N1G41D1 ; S (Stop position

with single block)
N2X-20. Y-50. ; MDI interrupt
N3G3 X-40. Y40. R70. ; S1000 M3;
N2
N3
(b) Interrupt with movement

The compensation vectors are automatically re-calculated at the movement block after
interrupt.
With linear interrupt
S
N1G41D1
MDI interrupt
N2X-20. Y-50. ;
N3G3 X-40. Y40. R70. ; S
X-50. Y30. ;
X-30. Y50. ;
N2
N3
With arc interrupt

N1G41 D1 ;
N2X-20. Y-50. ; MDI interrupt
S
N3G3 X-40.Y40. R70. ; G2 X-40. Y-40. R70. ;
G1 X-4. ;
N2 N3
106
(2) Manual interrupt

(a) Interrupt with manual absolute OFF.
The tool path is shifted by an amount equivalent to the interrupt amount.
Tool path after interrupt
Tool path after

Interrupt compensation
Program path
(b) Interrupt with manual absolute ON.

In the incremental value mode, the same operation results as with manual absolute OFF.
Inter-
rupt
In the absolute value mode, however, the tool returns to its original path at the end point of the
block following the interrupted block, as shown in the figure.
Inter-
rupt
107
11.2.7 General cautions for tool radius compensation
(1) Assigning the compensation amounts

The compensation amount is assigned by designating the compensation amount number using a
D code. Once a D code has been designated, it will remain valid until a separate D code is
subsequently commanded. Program error occurs when designation is made by an H code.
Besides being used to designate the compensation amounts for tool radius compensation, the D
codes are also used to assign the compensation amounts for tool position offset.
(2) Changing the compensation amounts

(a) Compensation amounts are normally changed when a different tool has been selected in the
radius compensation cancel mode. However, when an amount is changed in a compensation
mode, the vectors at the end point of the block are calculated using the compensation amount
designated in that block. Refer to "11.2.8 Changing the compensation number in the
compensation mode" for details.
(b) To set the tool compensation amount (tool length and tool radius) during automatic operation,
set during the single block stop.
The following will occur when the compensation amount is set during automatic operation.
State during When tool radius
automatic When tool length offset amount is set compensation
operation amount is set
Whether to validate the setting from the next
block or from the next H No. command can be Valid from the next
During single stop
set with parameter (110051 Op Tolcomp ofs block.
valid).
Other than the The set compensation amount is validated from the tool compensation
above command block several blocks ahead of the block being executed.
(3) Compensation amount sign and tool center path

When the compensation amount is given a negative () sign, the resulting shape is the same as
when the G41 and G42 commands have all been replaced. Thus, the tool that was rotating around
the outer periphery of the workpiece rotates around the inner periphery, and that rotating around
the inner periphery rotates around the outer periphery.
Workpiece
Workpiece
Tool center path

Tool center path
G41 compensation amount (+) or G42 G41 compensation amount () or G42
compensation amount () compensation amount (+)
(a) (b)
108
11.2.8 Changing the compensation number in the compensation mode
In principle, the compensation numbers should not be changed in a compensation mode. If they are
changed, operation will be as follows.
(a) LinearLinear
Compensation amount
assigned by N101 Compensation
amount assigned
by N102
Tool center path r1 r2
r1
N102
N101 r2
N103
Program path
Tool center path r1
r1
Program path
r1
r1
r2
r2
109
(b) LinearArc
Tool center path r2

N102
Program path r1 G02
r1
N101
Tool center path Center of arc

r1
Program path r1
N101
r1
r1
N102
G03
r2
Center of arc
(c) ArcArc
Tool center path

r1
Program path N101
r1
r2
N102
Center of arc
Center of arc
r1
r1
r1
r2
Tool center path
Program path
Center of arc
Center of arc
110
11.2.9 Tool radius compensation start and Z-axis cutting

The usual method of Z-axis cutting consists in first applying radius compensation (normally on the XY
plane) beforehand at a position distanced from the workpiece when cutting starts. Bear in mind the
following points for programming if the Z-axis operation is to be divided into two stages: rapid traverse
and then cutting feed after the work is approached.
When the following has been programmed.
N1 G91 G00 G41 X 500. Y 500. D1 ; Tool center path

N2 S1000 ;
N6 N6
N3 M3 ;
N4 G01 Z-300. F1 ; N4
N6 Y 100. F2 ;

N4: Z-axis
descends
(1 block) N1 Y
Y
N1

X Z
If programmed in this way, it is possible to read up to the N6 block at N1 compensation start, determine
the relationship between N1 and N6 and proceed with compensation properly as shown in the above
figure.
Next, when the N4 block in the above program has been divided into two:
N1
N1 G91 G00 G41 X 500. Y 500. D1 ;
N2 S1000 ;
N3 M3 ;
N6
N4 Z-250. ; N4
N5 G01 Z-50. F1 ;
N6 Y 100. F2 ; N5
N6
Cutting
Z
Y
N1
X X
It is not possible here to read as far as the N6 block at N1 compensation start since there are four
blocks (N2 to N5) without a command on the XY plane.
Compensation is therefore based on the information in N1 block only, and the NC system cannot
create compensation vectors at compensation start. Over-cutting therefore results, as shown in the
above figure.
In cases like this, by taking the calculations performed inside the NC system into prior consideration, it
is possible to safeguard against over-cutting provided that, after the Z axis has descended, the
command in the same direction at the advance direction is already assigned immediately before the Z
axis cutting.
N1 G91 G00 G41 X 500. Y 400. D1 ;
N2 Y100. S1000 ; N6 N6
N3 M3 ; N6
N4 Z-250. ;
N5 G01 Z-50. F1 ; N2
N6 Y 100. F2 ; N2 N5
N1 Y
N1 Y
X Z
The same direction as the N6 advance direction is assigned in N2 so that compensation is performed
properly.
111
11.2.10 Interference check
(1) Outline
A tool, whose radius has been compensated under the tool radius compensation function by the
usual 2-block pre-read, may sometimes cut into the workpiece. This is known as interference, and
interference check is the function which prevents this from occurring.
There are three types of interference check, as indicated below, and each can be selected for use
by parameter.
Function Parameter Operation

Interference check Rad compen intrf byp OFF Program error results before block
alarm function Tcomp interf chk OFF causing cut is executed, and operation
stops.
Interference check Rad compen intrf byp ON Tool path is changed so that workpiece
avoidance function Tcomp interf chk OFF is not cut into.
Interference check Tcomp interf chk ON Cutting proceeds unchanged even when
invalid function it occurs.
Use this for microscopic segment
programs.
(Example)
Avoidance path
(G41)
N1 G90 G1 X50. Y-100. ;
Outer diameter
N2 X70. Y-100. ; of tool
N3 X120. Y0 ;
N1 N3
N2
Cutting with N2
Cutting with N2
(a) With alarm function

The alarm occurs before N1 is executed and so, using the buffer correction function, N1 block
can be changed as below and machining can be continued:
N1 G90 G1 X20. Y-40. ;
(b) With avoidance function

The intersection of N1 and N3 is calculated and the interference avoidance vectors are
created.
(c) With interference check invalid function

The tool passes while cutting the N1 and N3 linear.
112
(Example of interference check)

2 3' 4'
1 2 ' 3 N3
4 4'
N1
N2
Vector 1 4 check No interference

Vector 2 3 check No interference

Vector 3 2 check Interference Vectors 3 2 deleted

Vectors 4 1 deleted
As a result of the above processing, vectors 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 remain as the valid vectors and
operation is executed with the path connecting vectors 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 as the interference
avoidance path.

(a) Conditions regarded as interference
Interference is regarded as occurring when the compensation calculated vectors, which have
been created at the point of contact with movement commands, intersect in a case where
there are movement commands in 3 blocks among the 5 pre-read blocks.
Tool center path
Program path
r
N1 N3
Vectors intersect here.
N2
(b) When interference check is not possible

1) When it is not possible to pre-read movement commands for 3 blocks
(When there are 3 or more blocks without movement among the 5 pre-read blocks)
2) When interference occurs at the fourth or subsequent movement command block
Tool center path
Program path
N6
N1 N5
No interference check possible
N2
N3
N4
113
(c) Operation during interference avoidance

The following operation is undertaken when the interference avoidance function is available.
Tool center path

Program path
N3
N1
N2
Tool center path
When the compensation amount is larger

Program path
R than the arc radius, it will be interpreted
as a straight line during operation.
N3
N2
N1
Note that if the arc block is interpreted as a straight line, when the compensation direction with
the previous and next blocks is on the inner side, it will not be interpreted as a straight line,
and interference avoidance will be carried out.
N3
Tool center path

Program path
R
Avoidance vector
N2
N1
114
Solid line vector : Valid

Broken line vector : Invalid
Tool center path when
interference is avoided
Tool center path without

interference check
Program path
N2 N3
N1
Tool center path when

interference is avoided
Linear movement Tool center path without

interference check
r
Program path
N2 N3
N1 r Center of arc
Avoidance
N3 vector
N2
Tool center path

When all the interference
avoidance line vectors have N1 Avoidance vector
been deleted, new
Program path
avoidance vectors are
created as shown in the
figure on the right and
interference is avoided. N4
r2
r1
N3
Avoidance vector 1
Tool center path 2 N2
2 2
Avoidance vector
r1
Tool center path 1 r2
N1
Program path
In the figure below, the groove is left uncut.
Interference
avoidance path
Tool center path
Program path
115
(3) Interference check alarm

The interference check alarm occurs under the following conditions.
(a) When the interference check alarm function has been selected
When all the vectors at the end point of its own block have been deleted
When, as shown in the figure, vectors 1 to 4 at the end point of the N1 block have all been
deleted, program error results prior to N1 execution.
N1
1
N2
23
N3 4
(b) When the interference check avoidance function has been selected
1) When there are valid vectors at the end point of the following block even when all the
vectors at the end point of its own block have been deleted
a. When, as shown in the figure, the N2 in interference check is conducted, the N2 end
point vectors are all deleted but the N3 end point vectors are regarded as valid.
Program error now occurs at the N1 end point.
N4
3 4
N3
Alarm stop
N2
2 1
N1
b. In a case such as that shown in the figure, the tool will move in the reverse direction at
N2. Program error results prior to N1 execution.
1234
N1 N4
N2 N3
116
2) When the avoidance vectors cannot be created

Even when, as shown in the figure, the conditions for creating the avoidance vectors are
met, it may still be impossible to create these vectors or the interference vectors may
interfere with N3.
As a result, program error will occur at the N1 end point when the vector intersecting angle
is more than 90.
.
Alarm stop
N1
N2
N4
N3
Alarm stop
N1
N2
N4
N3 Angle of
intersection
3) When the program advance direction and the advance direction after compensation are
reversed
When a groove that is parallel or has a widening bottom that is narrower than the tool
diameter is programmed, even if interference does not actually occur, it will be interpreted
as occurring.
Program path Tool center path
Stop
117
11.2.11 Compensation amount diameter designation
By setting the control parameter "#320039 OFS Diameter DESIGN" ON, the compensation amount
set in the command tool number can be recognized as the diameter compensation amount, and
converted into a radius compensation amount during compensation.
(Example) For 100.0 circle machining
:
G01 G41 X50. D1 F100 ;
Workpiece
G03 I-50. ;
G01 G40 X0 F500 ;
:
Program path 100.0
Tool center path
With the D1 = 20.0 setting, the tool

center path is set for the radius
compensation amount 10.0. 20 tool
118
11.3 Three-dimensional Tool Radius Compensation; G40/G41/G42

(1) Outline
The three-dimensional tool radius compensation offsets the tool in a three-dimensional space
following the commanded three-dimensional vectors.
Tool
Tool center coordinate

values (x', y', z') Plane normal line vector (I, J, K)
r: Tool radius
Workpiece
Z(K)
Three-dimensional
compensation vector
Program coordinate value
(x, y, z)
X(I)
Y(J)
As shown above, the tool is moved with the tool center coordinate values (x', y', z') offset by the
tool radius r in respect to the program coordinate values (x, y, z) following the plane normal line
vector (I, J, K).
While two-dimensional tool radius compensation creates the vectors at a right angle in the (I, J, K)
direction, three-dimensional tool radius compensation creates the vector in the (I, J, K) direction.
(The vector is created at the end point of the block.)
The three-dimensional compensation vector (offset) axis elements are as follows.
I
Hx = r
2 2 2
(I + J + K )
J
Hy = r
2 2 2
(I + J + K )
K
Hz = r
2 2 2
(I + J + K )
Thus, the tool center coordinate values (x', y', z') are each expressed as follows. Note that (x, y, z)
are the program coordinate values.
x = x + Hx
y = y + Hy
z = z + Hz
(Note 1) Three-dimensional compensation vector (Hx, Hy, Hz) refers to the plane normal line
vector such as follows ;
The direction is same as the plane normal line vector (I, J, K ).
The size equals to the tool radius ( r ).
(Note 2) When the machining parameter "330013 3-dimensional compen" is set to a value other
2 2 2
than "0", "330013 3-dimensional compen" will be used as the (I + J + K ) value.
(Refer to the Parameter Manual for details.)
(Note 3) This function is an additional specifications. If commanded when the function is not
provided, "PR0154 No 3D-compensation spec." will occur.
119
(2) Command format

The compensation number D and plane normal line vector (I, J, K) are commanded in the same
block as the three-dimensional tool radius compensation command G41 (G42).
Setting all three axes of the plane normal line vector (I, J, K) are required. If any axis is not
commanded, the mode will be handled as the normal tool radius compensation mode. (When
setting "0" to the axes, this command is valid.)
G41 (G42) Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk Dd ; Three-dimensional tool radius

Three-dimensional Movement axis Plane normal Compensation compensation start
tool radius command line vector No. Refer to (Example 1) and (Example 2).
compensation compensation
command *1 space *2
Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk ; In three-dimensional tool radius
compensation command
Each axis movement command and
the new plane normal line vector are
commanded.
Refer to (Example 3) to (Example 7).
G40 ; (or D00 ;) Three-dimensional tool radius
G40 Xx Yy Zz ; (or Xx Yy Zz D00 ;) compensation cancel
The three-dimensional tool radius
compensation cancel command G40
(or D00) is commanded independently
or in the same block with a movement
axis command.
Refer to (Example 8) and (Example 9).
Compensation
Compensation amount: + Compensation amount: D00
G code
G40 Cancel Cancel Cancel
G41 I, J, K direction I, J, K reverse direction Cancel
G42 I, J, K reverse direction I, J, K direction Cancel
*2 The compensation space is determined by (Example) G17

the three-dimensional tool radius G41 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk ; XYZ space
compensation start block's axis address
command (X, Y, Z, U, V, W). Here, U, V G17 ;
and W are each the additional axes for the G41 Yy Ii Jj Kk ; XYZ space
X, Y and Z axis.
G17 V ;
If the X axis and U axis (Y and V, Z and W) G41 Xx Vv Zz Ii Jj Kk ; XVZ space
are commanded simultaneously in the
three-dimensional tool radius G17 W ;
compensation start block, the currently G41 Ww Ii Jj Kk ; XYW space
commanded plane selection axis will have
the priority. G17 ;
If the axis address is not commanded, it will G41 Xx Yy Zz Ww Ii Jj Kk ; XYZ space
be interpreted that the X, Y and Z axes are
commanded for the coordinate axes. G17 W;
G41 Xx Yy Zz Ww Ii Jj Kk ; XYW space
G17 ;
G41 Ii Jj Kk ; XYZ space
G17 U ;
G41 Ii Jj Kk ; UYZ space
120
(Example 1) Radius compensation start: When there is a movement command
G41 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk Dd ;
Tool center path Three-dimensional

compensation vector
Program path
Start point
(Example 2) Radius compensation start: When there is no movement command
G41 Ii Jj Kk Dd ;
Tool center path

Three-dimensional
compensation vector
Start point
(Example 3) Movement during radius compensation: When there is a movement command and a
plane normal line vector command
Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk ;
Tool center path
New vector
Old vector
Program path
Start point
(Example 4) Movement during radius compensation: When there is no plane normal line vector
command
Xx Yy Zz ;
Tool center path
New vector
Old vector
Program path
Start point
121
(Example 5) Movement during radius compensation: For arc or helical cutting

The I, J, K command for an arc or helical cutting is the arc center command.
The new vector is equivalent to the old vector.
For the R command, even if I, J, K is commanded, they will be ignored, and the new
vector will be equivalent to the old vector.
G02 Xx Yy (Zz) Ii Jj ; I, J (K) express the arc center.

Or
G02 Xx Yy (Zz) Rr ; R designated arc
Tool center path
Old vector New vector
Program path
Start point
(Note) The center coordinate value will not shift for an arc or helical cutting.
Thus, when the arc I, J, K is commanded with the following type of vector, the
error "PR0070 Arc end point deviation large" will occur.
G02 Xx Yy (Zz) Ii Jj ; I, J (K) express the arc center.

Or
G02 Xx Yy (Zz) Rr ; R-designated arc
Tool center path
Old vector
New vector
Start point Program path
Arc radius Arc radius
Center of arc
(Example 6) Movement during radius compensation: When offset amount is changed
G41 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk Dd1 ;
Tool enter path
G41 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk Dd2 ; New vector

Old vector
Program path
Start point
(Note 1) If I, J, K is not commanded in a block where the offset amount is changed, the
vector will be equivalent to the old vector. In this case, the modal will change,
but the offset amount will change when I, J, K is commanded.
122
(Example 7) Movement during radius compensation: When offset direction is changed
G41 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk Dd1 ;
Program path
New vector
G42 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk ;
Tool center path
Old vector
Start point
(Note 1) If I, J and K are not commanded in a block where the offset direction is to be
changed, the vector will be equivalent to the old vector and the offset direction
will not be changed
In this case, the modal will change, but the offset direction will change when I,
J and K are commanded.
(Note 2) If the offset direction is changed in an arc (G2/G3) block, I, J will be the center
of arc, so the offset direction will not change. For the R command, even if I, J
and K are commanded, they will be ignored, and the offset direction cannot
be changed.
(Example 8) Radius compensation cancel: When there is a movement command
G40 Xx Yy Zz ; (Or Xx Yy Zz D00 ;)
Tool enter path

Old vector
End point
Start point Program path
(Example 9) Radius compensation cancel: When there is no movement command
G40 ; (Or D00 ;)
Old vector Tool enter path
Program path
123
(3) Related items with other functions

(a) Tool radius compensation
If the plane normal line vector (I, J, K) is not commanded for all three axes in the
three-dimensional tool radius compensation start block, the mode will be handled as the
normal tool radius compensation mode.
If G41 (G42) is commanded without commanding the plane normal line vector during
three-dimensional tool radius compensation, the modal will change but the old vector will be
used.
If G41 (G42) with the plane normal line vector is commanded during tool radius
compensation, this command will be ignored and the normal tool radius compensation will
take place.
(b) Tool length offset

The tool length offset is applied on the coordinate values after three-dimensional tool radius
compensation.
(c) Tool position offset

The tool position offset is applied on the coordinate values after three-dimensional tool radius
compensation.
(d) Fixed cycle

A program error "PR0155 Fix cyc executed during compen" will occur.
(e) Scaling
Scaling is applied on the coordinate values before three-dimensional tool radius
compensation. Scaling is not applied on the plane normal line vector (I, J, K).
D1=10.
X -50. -30. -20. -10.
G90 ;
G51 X0 Y0 P0.5 ;
Program path
N1 G41 D1 X-10. Y-20. Z-10. I-5. J-5. K-5. ; after scaling
N2 X-30. Y-30. Z-20. ; Path after scaling
Program path
N3 X-50. Y-20. Z-10. ; and compensation
Path after compensation
N4 Y0. ;
-20.
Plane normal line vector
N1( -5.000, -10.000, -10.000 )
-30.
N1( -10.773, -15.773, -15.773 )
Y
N2( -15.000, -15.000, -20.000 )
N2( -20.773, -20.773, -25.773 ) X
Program path
N3( -25.000, -10.000, -10.000 ) after scaling
-10.
N3( -30.773, -15.773, -15.773 )
N4( -25.000, 0.000, -10.000 ) Program path

N4( -30.773, -5.773, -15.773 ) -20.
* Upper line: Program value after scaling

Lower line: Value after scaling and compensation Path after scaling
and compensation
Z
124
(f) Program coordinate rotation

Program coordinate rotation is executed in respect to the coordinate values before
three-dimensional tool radius compensation.
The plane normal line vector (I, J, K) dose not rotate.
D1=10.
X -50. -30. -20. -10.
G90 ;
G68 X0 Y0 R45. ; Program path after
coordinate rotation
N1 G41 D1 X-10. Y-20. Z-10. I-5. J-5. K-5. ;
N2 X-30. Y-30. Z-20. ; Program path Path after coordinate
N3 X-50. Y-20. Z-10. ; rotation and compensation
N4 Y0. ; N1
-20.
N1( 7.071, -21.213, -10.000 )
N1( 1.298, -26.986, -15.773 ) -30.
N2( 0.000, -42.426, -20.000 ) N2

N2( -5.773, -48.199, -25.773 )
N4
N3( -21.213, -49.497, -10.000 )
N3
N3( -26.986, -55.270, -15.773 )
N4( -35.355, -35.355, -10.000 ) Y

N4( -41.128, -41.128, -15.773 )
X
Upper
* line: Program value after coordinate rotation
Program path after
Lower line: Value after coordinate rotation and compensation coordinate rotation
N1
Plane normal line vector -10.
N4
Program path N2
N3
Path after compensation -20.
Path after coordinate

rotation and compensation
Z
(g) Parameter coordinate rotation

Parameter coordinate rotation is executed on the coordinate value after three-dimensional
tool radius compensation.
The plane normal line vector (I, J, K) rotates.
(h) Mirror image

Mirror image is applied on the coordinate values after three-dimensional tool radius
compensation.
Mirror image is applied on the plane normal line vector (I, J, K).
(i) Skip
The program error "PR0608 Skip during radius compen" will occur.
(j) Zero point compare

The compensation amount will not be canceled. Thus, if this is commanded during
three-dimensional tool radius compensation, the path will be deviated by the offset amount,
so the "PR0434 Verification error axis exists" will occur.
(k) Automatic corner override

Automatic corner override is invalid during three-dimensional tool radius compensation.
125
(l) Machine coordinate system selection

1) For an absolute value command, all axes will be temporarily canceled at the commanded
coordinate position.
D1=10. -30. -20. -10.

X -50.
G90 ;
N1 G41 D1 X-10. Y-20. Z-10. I-5. J-5. K-5. ;
N2 X-30. Y-30. Z-20. ;
Program path
N3 X-50. Y-20. Z-10. ;
N4 G53 Y0 ; Path after compensation
-20.
N1( -10.000, -20.000, -10.000 )

N1( -15.773, -25.773, -15.773 ) -30.
Y
N2( -30.000, -30.000, -20.000 )
X
N2( -35.773, -35.773, -25.773 )
N3( -50.000, -20.000, -10.000 )

N3( -55.773, -25.773, -15.773 ) Program path -10.
N4( -50.000, 0.000, -10.000 )

Path after
N4( -50.000, 0.000, -10.000 ) -20.
compensation
* Upper line: Program value

Lower line: Value after compensation
Z
2) For an incremental value command, the axis will move by the amount obtained by
subtracting each axis vector from the movement increment value.
(The offset amount is temporarily canceled.)
D1=10. -30. -20. -10.

X -50.
G91 ;
N1 G41 D1 X-10. Y-20. Z-10. I-5. J-5. K-5. ; Program path
N2 X-20. Y-10. Z-10. ;
N3 X-20. Y10. Z10. ; Path after compensation
N4 G53 Y20. ;
-20.
N1( -10.000, -20.000, -10.000 )

N1( -15.773, -25.773, -15.773 ) -30.
Y
N2( -30.000, -30.000, -20.000 )
X
N2( -35.773, -35.773, -25.773 )
N3( -50.000, -20.000, -10.000 )

N3( -55.773, -25.773, -15.773 ) Program path -10.
N4( -50.000, 0.000, -10.000 )

Path after -20.
N4( -50.000, 0.000, -10.000 )
compensation

Z
126
(m) Coordinate system setting

When commanded in the same block as the coordinate system setting, the coordinate
system will be set, and operation will start up independently with the plane normal line vector
(I, J, K).
D1=10.
X -50. -30. -20. -10. W(0,0)
G91 ;
N1 G92 G41 D1 X-10. Y-20. Z-10. I-5. J-5. K-5. ;
N2 X-20. Y-10. Z-10. ; Program path
N3 X-30. Y-10. Z10. ;
N4 Y20. ; Path after compensation
G92 -20.
N1( -10.000, -20.000, -10.000 )

N1( -15.773, -25.773, -15.773 )
-30.
N2( -30.000, -30.000, -20.000 )

Y
N2( -35.773, -35.773, -25.773 )
N3( -50.000, -20.000, -10.000 ) X W(0,0)

N3( -55.773, -25.773, -15.773 )
G92 -10.
N4( -50.000, 0.000, -10.000 )
Program path
N4( -55.773, -5.773, -15.773 )
* Upper line: Program value -20.

Path after Z
compensation
(n) Reference point return

All axes will be temporarily canceled at the intermediate point.
-70. -50. -30. -20.

M(0,0)
X -50. -30. -20. -10.

D1=10. -10.
W(0,0)
G91 ; Program path
N1 G41 D1 X-10. Y-20. Z-10. I-5. J-5. K-5. ;
N2 X-20. Y-10. Z-10. ;
N3 X-20. Y10. Z10. ;
N4 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 ; -20. -30.
Path after
N1( -10.000, -20.000, -10.000 )
compensation -30. -40.
N1( -15.773, -25.773, -15.773 ) Y
N2( -30.000, -30.000, -20.000 )

N2( -35.773, -35.773, -25.773 )
M(0,0)
N3( -50.000, -20.000, -10.000 )
N3( -55.773, -25.773, -15.773 )
X
-10.
W(0,0)
N4( 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 ) Program path
N4( 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 )
-10. -20.
N4( 20.000, 10.000, 10.000 )
N4( 20.000, 10.000, 10.000 )
Path after
-30.
compensation -20.
Z
127
(o) NC reset
The three-dimensional tool radius compensation will be canceled if NC reset is executed
during three-dimensional tool radius compensation.
(p) Emergency stop

The three-dimensional tool radius compensation will be canceled by the emergency stop or
emergency stop cancel during three-dimensional tool radius compensation.
(4) Restrictions
(a) The compensation number is selected with the D command, but the D command is valid only
when G41 and G42 are commanded. If D is not commanded, the number of the previous D
command will be valid.
(b) Change to the compensation mode in the G00 or G01 mode. When changed during the arc
mode, the program error "PR0150 Radius compen in arc modal" will occur.
The compensation direction and offset amount after the changes are valid from the block
where I, J and K are commanded in the G00 or G01 mode.
If the three-dimensional tool radius compensation command is used in a block not containing
the plane normal line vector (I, J, K) during the arc mode, only the modal information will
change. The plane normal line vector will be validated from the block where I, J and K are
commanded next.
(c) During the three-dimensional tool radius compensation mode in a certain space, the space
cannot be changed to another space and three-dimensional tool radius compensation cannot
be carried out. To change the compensation space, always carry out cancel (G40 or D00).
(Example)
G41 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk; Compensation starts in X, Y, Z space.
:
:
G41 Uu Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk; Compensation is carried out in X, Y, Z space, and U axis moves
by commanded value.
(d) If the compensation number D exceeds 1 to 40 with the standard specifications or 1 to 800
(max.) with the additional specifications, the program error "PR0170 No compensation
number" will occur.
(e) Only the G40 and D00 commands can be used to cancel three-dimensional tool radius
compensation.
(f) If the size (I2+J2+K2) of the vector commanded with I, J and K overflows, the program error
"PR0035 Address range over" will occur.
128
11.4 Shape Compensation Amount, Wear Compensation Amount
11.4.1 Outline
Of the tool positions in a direction parallel to the control axis, the tool shape offset amount and wear
compensation amount are registered. The compensation may extend over two or more axes.
11.4.2 Detailed description of shape compensation amount
(a) Of the tool position offsets in a direction parallel to the control axis, the rotation tool's
longitudinal direction offset amount is registered as the tool length offset amount. The tool
length offset amount includes type I and type II.
1) Type I
The distance from the tip of the tool to the workpiece upper end when the tool position is at
the reference point is registered as the shape compensation amount. The tool length offset
amount is set with a negative value.
R
Tool radius
compensation
amount
Tool length
offset amount
Z0.0
Workpiece
Table
2) Type II
The distance from the reference point to the tip of the tool when the tool position is at the
reference point is measured and registered as the shape compensation amount. The tool
length offset amount is set with a positive value.
R
Tool radius
compensation
amount
Tool length
Z0.0 offset amount
W Workpiece
Table
(b) Of the tool position compensates in a direction parallel to the control axis, the rotation tool's
radius direction compensation amount is registered as the tool radius compensation amount.
The tool radius compensation amount is set with a positive value.
129
11.4.3 Detailed description of wear compensation amount
The tool length wear compensation amount and tool radius wear compensation amount can be set
independently.
If a negative value is set for the tool length compensation amount, a negative value must be set for the
tool length wear compensation amount. Set a positive value for the tool radius wear compensation
amount.
Tool radius wear

compensation amount
Tool length wear
compensation
amount
130
11.5 Number of Compensation Sets
11.5 Number of Compensation Sets

(1) Outline
The number of tool compensation sets can be selected with parameters.

The number of tool compensation sets can be selected as follows.
(a) Number of 1-axis compensation amount sets
40 sets Standard specifications

100 sets Additional specifications
(b) Number of 2-axis compensation amount sets
20 sets Standard specifications

131
11.6 Tool Position Offset; G45/G46/G47/G48

(1) Outline
By using this command, movement is controlled so that the end point position of the movement
command is changed to a position extended or reduced by the tool offset amount.
With this function, the difference in the distance between program coordinate position and actual
machine tool installation position caused by the tool position can be offset, allowing machining and
operation efficiency to be improved.
However, this function has been prepared for compatibility with conventional machining programs
not provided with the tool radius compensation function. Thus, do not use this function when
creating a new machining program.
(2) Command format
G45 G00 Xx1 Yy1 Dd1 ;

Offset Movement Movement Offset number
axis axis
G45 command G46 command G47 command G48 command

Extend by double the Reduce by double the
Extend by offset amount Reduce by offset amount
offset amount offset amount
Program Program Program Program
command command command command
Actual Actual Actual Actual

movement movement movement movement
amount amount amount amount

(a) When the start point and end point are on the axis, the radius can be extended or reduced only
in respect to a 1/4 or 3/4 circle.
a. For 1/4 circle, 3/4 circle
To offset to the outer side of the circle: G45
To offset to the inner side of the circle: G46
b. For 1/2 circle

To offset to the outer side of the circle: G47
To offset to the inner side of the circle: G48
Note that in this case, the arc start point must already be offset in the required direction.
(If offset is commanded independently to the arc, the arc start point radius and arc end point
radius will be deviated by the offset amount.)
(b) When an absolute value is commanded, the movement from the previous block's end point to
the position commanded in the block containing G45 (to G48) will be extended or reduced in
each axis direction. Thus, when an absolute value is commanded, the offset will be applied to
the movement amount in that block. If the movement amount is zero, the movement will stop
immediately, and the offset amount will not be applied.
132
(c) The correspondence for the incremental value is shown below.
Equivalent command
movement amount Actual example
Command
(Designated offset (When X = 1000)
amount = l)
G45Xx Dd X (x + l) l = 10 X = 1010
l = 10 X = 990
G45X x Dd X (x + l) l = 10 X = 1010
l = 10 X = 990
G46Xx Dd X (x l) l = 10 X = 990
l = 10 X = 1010
G46X x Dd X (x l) l = 10 X = 990
l = 10 X = 1010
G47Xx Dd X (x + 2 l) l = 10 X = 1020
l = 10 X = 980
G47X x Dd X (x + 2 l) l = 10 X = 1020
l = 10 X = 980
G48Xx Dd X (x 2 l) l = 10 X = 980
l = 10 X = 1020
G48X x Dd X (x 2 l) l = 10 X = 980
l = 10 X = 1020
(d) If n axes are commanded simultaneously, the same amount of offset will be applied on all axes
commanded within the range of the simultaneous control axes.
The tool position offset is also valid for the additional axis.
(e) Do not use this command in the fixed cycle mode. If commanded in the fixed cycle mode, it will
be ignored.
(f) If the command direction is reversed because of the internal operation by the extension and
retraction, the axis will move in the reverse direction.
(g) When G45 to G48 is commanded, the offset amount per time is the offset amount designated
with the offset number. The difference with the previous offset will not be moved as with the
tool length offset (G43).
(4) Notes
(a) Even if the offset number is not commanded in the same block as the G45 to G48 commands,
the offset will be applied with the previously registered tool position offset number. An alarm will
occur if the designated offset number exceeds the specifications.
133
12. COORDINATE SYSTEM SETTING FUNCTIONS
12.1 Automatic Coordinate System Setting

12.1 Automatic Coordinate System Setting
(1) Outline
The coordinate systems are created with parameter settings in the following cases:
When the reference point is reached with the first manual or automatic dog-type reference point
return after the NC power is turned ON.
Immediately after the power is turned ON when using the absolute position specifications.
The actual machining program is programmed on the coordinate system set above.
The coordinate system handled by the NC is shown below. The points that can be specified with
the movement commands are points on the workpiece coordinate system (local coordinate system
when local coordinate offset is designated) or on the machine coordinate system.
G52 Local coordinate system
Local coordinate system offset

G54 to G59/G54.1Pn
Workpiece coordinate system/expanded
workpiece coordinate system
Workpiece coordinate offset
G92 Offset
External workpiece coordinate offset/G54.2Pn expanded external

workpiece coordinate offset
Interrupt amount offset

G53 Machine coordinate system
1st reference point offset
1st reference point

(a) The following coordinate systems are automatically established by this function.
1) Basic machine coordinate system corresponding to G53
2) External workpiece coordinate system
3) G54 to G59, G54.1 (additional workpiece coordinate system) workpiece coordinate system
The offset amount of the local coordinate system (G52) is canceled.
(b) All parameter set in the NC are assigned as the distance from the basic machine coordinate
system's zero point. Thus, decide which position on the basic machine coordinate system to
place the 1st reference point, and then set the zero point position of each workpiece
coordinate system.
(c) The local coordinate system offset is independent for each of G54 to G59.
(d) During the G54.1Pn (expanded workpiece coordinate system selection) modal, the local
coordinate system offset is zero, and the G52 command cannot be used.
(e) G54.1Pn and G54.2Pn cannot both be used. Use only one of these.
134
12.2 Machine Coordinate System
12.2 Machine Coordinate System

(1) Outline
The machine coordinate system is a coordinate system that indicates positions (tool change
position, stroke end position, etc.) characteristic to the machine. These coordinates are
automatically set when the first dog-type reference point return is completed after the power is
turned ON, or immediately after the power is turned ON when using the absolute position
specifications.
(2) Command format

The program format for movement commands to points on the machine coordinate system is as
follows.
G53 G90 G00 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;

Coordinate Absolute/ Movement End point coordinate on machine
system incremental mode coordinate system
selection command

(a) The machine coordinate system is automatically set when the first dog-type reference point
return is completed after the power is turned ON, or immediately after the power is turned ON
when using the absolute position specifications.
(b) The machine coordinate system does not change with the coordinate system setting (G92)
command.
(c) The G53 (movement on machine coordinate system) command is an unmodal command that
is valid only in the commanded block.
(d) The G53 command moves over the selected coordinate system with an incremental value
during the incremental value command mode (G91).
(e) Even if G53 is commanded, the compensation amount of the commanded axis' tool radius will
not be canceled.
(f) The 1st reference point coordinate value indicates the distance from the machine coordinate
system's zero point to the reference point (zero point) return position.
(g) Whether to use a fixed rapid traverse or a commanded modal for the movement mode can be
changed with parameters.
(h) If the absolute/incremental command is omitted, the modal at that time will be followed.
(i) The selected workpiece coordinate system will not change with the G53 command.
(j) If the G53 command and zero point return (G28) command are commanded in the same block
the latter command will be valid.
Machine coordinate system M

(G53)
Workpiece coordinate system 1

(G54)
W1
G53 G90 G00 X0 Y0 ;
135
12.3 Workpiece Coordinate System; G54 to G59

(1) Outline
(a) Workpiece coordinate system (Six sets)
This function allows the same shape to be machined easily when machining multiple
workpieces with the same shape. This is carried out by executing one machining program for
the coordinate system of each workpiece.
Up to six workpiece coordinate systems can be selected.
The G54 workpiece coordinate system is selected when the power is turned ON and then the
reset signal that cancels the modal information is input.
(b) Expanded workpiece coordinate system selection (+48 sets or 96 sets) (Option)
In addition to the six workpiece coordinate system sets in G54 to G59, 48 sets (or 96 sets) of
workpiece coordinate systems can be used with the G54.1Pn command.
(2) Command format

(a) Workpiece coordinate system (Six sets)
The format for workpiece coordinate system selection and the movement command to the
workpiece coordinates is as follows.
(G90) G54 G00 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;

(Absolute value) Coordinate Movement End point coordinate value
sys-tem mode
designation
G code Function
G54 Workpiece coordinate system 1 selection (W1)
(b) Expanded workpiece coordinate system selection (+48 sets or 96 sets) (Option)
The format for the workpiece coordinate system selection and movement command to the
workpiece coordinates using the G54.1Pn command is as follows.
(G90) G54.1Pn G00 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;

(Absolute value) Coordinate Movement End point coordinate value
sys-tem mode
designation
The n value for P following G54.1 indicates each workpiece coordinate system. Designate 1 to
48 or 1 to 96.
136

(a) With any of the G54 to G59 commands, the tool radius compensation amounts for the
assigned axis will not be canceled even if workpiece coordinate system selection is assigned.
(b) The G54 workpiece coordinate system is selected when the power is turned ON.
(c) Commands G54 to G59 are modal.
(d) Each workpiece coordinate zero point is assigned as the distance from the machine
coordinate system's zero point.
(e) The workpiece coordinate system's offset setting amount can be changed as often as
necessary.
(f) The following three setting methods can be used.
1) Setting with setting and display unit

2) Setting with commands from machining program (G10)
3) Setting from user PLC

(G53)
W2 W1
Workpiece coordinate 2 Workpiece coordinate 1
(G55) (G54)
Start
G90 G56 G00 X0 Y0 ;
W4 W3
Workpiece coordinate 4 Workpiece coordinate 3

(G57) (G56)
(g) The coordinate system will move with G92 in a workpiece coordinate system.
(h) A new workpiece coordinate system 1 is set by setting the coordinate system (G92) command
in the G54 (workpiece coordinate system 1) mode. At the same time, the other workpiece
coordinate systems 2 to 6 (G55 to G59) will move in parallel and new workpiece coordinate
systems 2 to 6 will be set.
(i) A hypothetical machine coordinate system is formed at the position which deviates from the
new workpiece reference point by an amount equivalent to the workpiece coordinate system
offset amount.
(j) By setting the hypothetical machine coordinate system, the new workpiece coordinate system
will be set at a position which deviates from that hypothetical machine coordinate system zero
point by an amount equivalent to the workpiece coordinate system offset amount.
(k) When the first automatic reference point return (G28) or manual reference (zero) point return
is completed after the power has been turned ON, the basic machine coordinate system and
workpiece coordinate systems are set automatically in accordance with the parameter
settings.
(l) If no P code exists in the same block as G54.1, the input is treated as P1.
137
(4) Notes
(a) The program error "PR0062" will occur when G54X_Y_ ; is assigned subsequent to reference
point return (automatic or manual) after the power is turned ON. (A speed command is
required since the speed is controlled by G01.)
(b) If the numeric value of P that follows G54.1 is other than 1 to 96 (including P0), the program
error "PR0035" will occur.
(c) Do not use any G command for which a P code is to be used in the same block as G54.1.
(d) If the G54.1 command is executed when there are no additional specification for the number of
sets of the workpiece offset, the program error "PR0437" will occur.
(e) The local coordinate system cannot be used when the G54.1 is modal. If the G52 command is
executed while G54.1 is modal, the program error "PR0438" will occur.
138
12.4 Local Coordinate System; G52

(1) Outline
This function is used to designate a further coordinate system within the currently selected workpiece
coordinate system. Using this, the workpiece coordinate system can be changed temporarily.
A local coordinate system in which the commanded position is the program zero point can be set
on the workpiece coordinate system.
The local coordinate system can be designated independently for each of the G54 to G59
workpiece coordinate systems.
This can also be used to instead of changing the deviation of the machining program zero point
and machining workpiece zero point with the coordinate system setting (G92) command.

(G53)
L1
Local coordinates
G54 G52
y1
W1
x1
Workpiece coordinate 1
(G54)
(2) Command format

The format for designating the local coordinate system is as follows.
(G54) G52 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;

Workpiece Local Local coordinate offset
coordinate coordinate
selection setting
G code Function
G54 G52 Local coordinate system setting on workpiece coordinate system 1
G52X0Y0Z00 ; Local coordinate system cancel
139

(a) The G52 command is an unmodal command, but it is valid until a new G52 command is issued.
The G52 command does not change the zero point position of the workpiece coordinate
system (G54 to G59), and is handy for using another coordinate system.
(b) The local coordinate system is canceled when the reset signal is input, or when manual or
automatic dog-type reference point return is carried out.
(c) The zero point position of the local coordinate system is commanded as the distance (local
coordinate offset) from the zero point of the designated workpiece coordinate system.
(d) If the workpiece coordinate system is not designated, the local coordinate system will be
created on the currently selected workpiece coordinate system.
(e) The local coordinate system is canceled with the following program.
(G54 to G59) G52X0Y0Z00 ;
(f) The coordinate commands in the absolute value mode (G90) will cause movement to the
position in the local coordinate system.
140
12.5 External Workpiece Coordinate Offset
12.5 External Workpiece Coordinate Offset

(1) Outline
An external workpiece coordinate offset used as the reference for all workpiece coordinate
systems is provided externally from the workpiece coordinates.
By setting the external workpiece coordinate offset, these can be shifted, and all workpiece
coordinate systems can be shifted simultaneously by that offset amount.

(a) If the external workpiece coordinate offset is zero, the external workpiece coordinate system
will match the machine coordinate system.
(b) A movement command cannot be executed when the external workpiece coordinates are
selected.
Workpiece coordinate Workpiece coordinate Workpiece coordinate

system 4 system 5 system 6
(G57) (G58) (G59)

(G54) (G55) (G56)
Machine coordinate system

( = external workpiece coordinate)
Machine zero point

(G57) (G58) (G59)

(G54) (G55) (G56)
External workpiece coordinate system
External workpiece coordinate offset

Machine coordinate zero point
(c) In addition to the normal external workpiece coordinate system offset, 48 sets (or 96 sets) of
expanded external workpiece coordinate system offsets can be set and selected as an option.
141
12.6 Coordinate System Setting; G92
12.6 Coordinate System Setting; G92

(1) Outline
The absolute value coordinate system in the program and the currently displayed position value
can be preset to newly commanded values without moving the machine or using the workpiece
coordinate system.
(2) Command format
G92 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;

Coordinate Setting coordinate values
system setting

(a) If the coordinate system setting by G92 is commanded, the G92 offset amount will be inserted
and the workpiece coordinate system will be shifted so that the machine position in the current
workpiece coordinate system becomes the coordinate value commanded with G92 as shown
below.
The machine does not move, and all workpiece coordinate systems from G54 to G59 based
on the machine coordinate system (or the external workpiece coordinate system when the
external workpiece coordinate offset is set) will be shifted.
Coordinate system offset following G92 coordinate system setting
Example in which machine is at W1 position (x1, y1) and W1 is shifted to the new
W1 when G92Xx1Yy1; is commanded during the workpiece coordinate system W1
modal.
(External workpiece coordinate system offset = 0, interrupt amount offset = 0)
G92 offset amount

Machine coordinate X : x 1-X1
system Y : y1-Y1
M
New W1
Y1
W1
y1
X1
x1
Machine position
(b) The shifted coordinate system will return to the original system when dog-type reference point
return or the program is executed.
(c) If the manual absolute switch is OFF and manual axis movement is carried out, etc., causing
the workpiece coordinate system to deviate, the correct workpiece coordinate system can be
recovered with the following procedure.
1) Carry out reference point return while the coordinate system is deviated.
2) Then command G92G53X0Y0Z0;. With this command, the workpiece coordinate value and
current value display will be preset to the workpiece coordinate system offset value.
(d) Whether to always move with absolute values or to follow the incremental value/absolute value
modal can be selected with the machine parameters.
(e) Whether to preset the current position counter can be selected with the parameters.
142
12.7 Rotation Axis Coordinate System
12.7 Rotation Axis Coordinate System

(1) Outline
The axis designated as the rotation axis with the parameters is controlled with the rotation axis
coordinate system. The rotation axis coordinate system is from 0 to 360, but the counter display
is 0 to 359.999.

(a) When using incremental value commands, the axis will move by the commanded movement
amount. However, when using absolute value commands, the movement amount will be within
one rotation (within 360). In either case, the rotation direction is determined by the sign. If
commanded with a (), the axis will move in the () direction, and if commanded with a (+), the
axis will move in the (+) direction.
(b) In respect to the absolute value command, the axis can be moved with a short cut to the end
point by setting the parameters, or can be moved linearly like a normal linear axis as shown
below.
These parameters can be set for each axis.
Rotation type
Linear type
Shortcut valid Shortcut invalid
ABS Moves with a shortcut to Moves according to the Moves according to the sign
command the end point. sign for the remainder for the movement amount
obtained by dividing the obtained by subtracting the
incremental movement current value from the end
amount by 360. point as with the normal
linear axis. (The value is not
rounded to 360.)
INC Moves in the direction of the commanded sign by the incremental amount
command commanded using the current position as the start point.
143
12.8 Plane Selection; G17/G18/G19

(1) Outline
These are the G command codes used to specify the commanded plane for the arc command,
tool radius compensation and coordinate rotation command, etc.
(2) Command format

G17 Xp, Yp plane designation
G18 Zp, Xp plane designation
G19 Yp, Zp plane designation
(a) Which of the X, Y or Z axes to keep the additional axis parallel to can be selected with
parameters. By using this, the plane can be selected by two random axes that are not parallel.
If the rotation axis is registered as a parallel axis, a plane containing the rotation axis can be
selected.
(b) Which of the G17, G18 or G19 states to set the initial state to (state when power is turned ON
or reset) can be selected with parameters.
(c) The Y-Z cylindrical plane (hypothetical plane that develops cylinder) can be selected with G16
only in the milling mode.
(d) The movement command and plane selection can be commanded in the same block.
G19 X100. ; In this program command, X100. is an axis that does not exist in the
G19 (Yp, Zp) plane. However, YpZp is selected by G19, and the X
axis moves 100.mm separately from G19 plane.
G17 X100. R50. ; In this program command, the Xp, Yp plane is selected with the G17,
so the arc command is controlled over this plane.
(e) Plane selection can be used to select the following planes.

Plane for circular interpolation (including helical cutting)
Plane for tool radius compensation
Plane for pattern rotation
Plane for program coordinate rotation
Plane for fixed cycle positioning
(4) Parallel axis
Table 1 Examples of plane selection parameter registration

Basic axis Parallel axis 1 Parallel axis 2
I X U W
J Y
K Z V B
(a) As shown in the Table 1, the basic axis and its parallel axis can be registered up to the 2nd
parallel axis.
(b) The basic axis can be an axis other than X, Y and Z.
(c) An axis that is not registered is irrelevant for the plane selection.
144
(5) Plane selection method
(a) Table 1 indicates the following.

I is the G17 plane horizontal axis or G18 plane vertical axis.
J is the G17 plane vertical axis or G19 plane horizontal axis.
K is the G18 plane horizontal axis or G19 plane vertical axis.
Thus,
G17 IJ plane
G18 KI plane
G19 JK plane
(b) The plane selected by the basic axis and one of the parallel axis depends on the axis address
commanded in the same block as the plane selection (G17, G18, G19).
For Table 1 parameter registration example
G17X_Y_ ; XY plane
G17W_Y_ ; WY plane
G18X_V_ ; VX plane
G18U_V_ ; VU plane
G19Y_Z_ ; YZ plane
G19Y_V_ ; YV plane
(c) The plane will not change in a block where the plane selection G code (G17, G18, G19) is not
commanded.
G17X_Y_ ; XY plane
Y_Z_ ; XY plane (Plane does not change)
(d) If the axis address is omitted in the block where the plane selection G code (G17, G18, G19) is
commanded, it will be interpreted that the basic three axes addresses have been omitted.
G17 ; XY plane
G17U_ ; UY plane
G18U_ ; ZU plane
G18V_ ; VX plane
G19Y_ ; YZ plane
G19V_ ; YV plane
(e) The axis command that does not exist in the plane determined by the plane selection G code
(G17, G18, G19) is irrelevant to the plane selection.
If G17 U_Z_; is commanded, the UV plane is selected, and Z moves without relevance to the
plane.
(f) If the basic axis or parallel axis is commanded in duplicate in the same block as the plane
selection G code (G17, G18, G19), the plane will be determined using the basic axis, No. 1
parallel axis and No. 2 parallel axis as the order of priority.
If G17 U_Y_W_; is commanded, the UY plane is selected, and W moves without relevance to
the selected plane.
145
12.9 Automatic 1st Reference Point Return; G28/G29

(1) Outline
By commanding G28 during automatic operation, the axis can be returned to the 1st reference
point. If the middle point is commanded, the axis will be positioned to that point at rapid traverse,
and then will independently return to the 1st reference point.
By commanding G29, after positioning each axis independently to the G28 or G30 middle point,
the axis can be positioned to the commanded position.
G code Function
G28 Automatic 1st reference point return
G29 Start position return (Return from 1st reference point to middle point position for 1st
reference point return start, and then position to position designated by program.)
(2) Command format

The G28 program format is as follows.
G28 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ; After positioning the designated axis at rapid traverse to
Return Return control axis the commanded position (middle point), each axis is
command (middle point) independently returned to the 1st reference point.
G29 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ; After positioning each axis independently at rapid traverse
Return Return control axis via the middle point with G28 and G30, the axis is
command (Commanded position) positioned at rapid traverse to the position designated with
the program.
1st reference point R

X
Move with
non-interpolat
G28 ion
G28
Interpolation/
non-interpolation
G29
selection
Interpolation/
non-interpolation
selection
G29
146

(a) If an incremental detection method position detector is being used, the first return to 1st
reference point after the NC power is turned ON uses the dog-type. However, the second and
following returns can be selected from dog-type or high-speed type using the parameters.
When using the absolute position detection method, the high-speed type will always be used.
(b) The return pattern for the automatic 1st reference point return is the same as for the manual
1st reference point return.
(c) The number of axes that can be simultaneously returned to the 1st reference point depends on
the number of simultaneous control axes.
(d) If tool radius compensation or tool nose radius compensation is not canceled during the 1st
reference point return, it will be temporarily canceled during the movement to the middle point.
The compensation will be reapplied at the next movement after returning.
(e) If the tool length offset is not canceled during the 1st reference point return, the offset will be
canceled during the movement from the middle point to the 1st reference point, and the offset
amount will also be cleared. However, the tool length offset can be temporarily canceled with
the parameters. In this case, the offset will be reapplied at the next movement command.
(f) The movement to the G28 middle point and the movement from the G29 middle point to the
commanded point can be selected as interpolation or non-interpolation with the parameters.
The movement from the G28 middle point to the 1st reference point and the movement to the
G29 middle point will be non-interpolation.
(g) Even if single block is selected, the program will not stop at the middle point.
(h) The zero point reached signal is output when the 1st reference point return is completed.
147
12.10 2nd, 3rd and 4th Reference Point Return; G30

(1) Outline
By commanding G30Pn during automatic operation, the axis can be returned to the machine's
characteristic set point (2nd, 3rd, 4th reference point) in the same manner as automatic reference
point return. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th reference point positions are set with the parameters.
G code Function
G30 P2 2nd reference point return
G30 P3 3rd reference point return
G30 P4 4th reference point return
(2) Command format

G30 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Pp1 ; After positioning the designated axis to the
Return Return control axis Return point commanded middle point with rapid traverse, each
command (middle point) number axis is independently returned to the reference point.
2nd reference point

1st reference point
X
G30 P2
Start position
Middle point
G30 P3
G30 P4
3rd reference point
4th reference point

Y
148

(a) If the P command is omitted, P0, P1, P5 and higher will be 2nd reference point return.
(b) The number of axes that can be simultaneously returned to the reference point depends on
the number of simultaneous control axes.
(c) If tool radius compensation is not canceled during reference point return, it will be temporarily
canceled during the movement to the middle point. The compensation will be reapplied at the
next movement after returning.
(d) If the tool length compensation is not canceled during reference point return, the tool length
compensation will be canceled and the offset amount will be cleared after reference point
return is completed. The tool length compensation can be temporarily canceled with the
parameters. In this case, the tool offset will be reapplied at the next movement command.
(e) The movement to the middle point can be selected as interpolation or non-interpolation with
the parameters. The movement from the middle point to the reference point will be
non-interpolation.
(f) Even if single block is selected, the program will not stop at the middle point.
149
12.11 Reference Point Check; G27
12.11 Reference Point Check; G27

(1) Outline
By commanding G27, after positioning to the position issued by the program, if the positioning
point is the designated reference point, the reference point reached signal will be output to the
machine side in the same manner as G28. Thus, it can be checked whether the machining
program created to start from the reference point and return to the reference point has correctly
returned to the reference point.
(2) Command format

G27 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Pp1 ; After the designated axis is positioned with rapid
Compare Return control axis Compare traverse to the commanded position, if the returned
command number point is the reference point, the reference point
P1 : 1st reference point check reached signal is output.
P2 : 2nd reference point check If the P command is omitted, it will be handled as 1st
P3 : 3rd reference point check reference point check.
P4 : 4th reference point check

(a) If the P command is omitted, it will be handled as 1st reference point check.
(b) The number of axes that can be simultaneously reference point checked depends on the
number of simultaneous control axes.
(c) The alarm "434" occurs if the position is not the reference point when the command is
completed.
(d) Whether to use interpolation or non-interpolation movement can be changed with the
parameters.
(e) The M independent command cannot be issued in the G27 command block. If simultaneously
commanded, the alarm "435" will occur.
150
13. PROGRAMMING SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
13.1 High-speed Machining Mode; G05

(1) Outline
This function allows a fine block with extremely short block length in respect to the speed to be
executed at a high speed for die machining, etc. The high-speed machining mode includes mode I
and II according to the differences in performance (functions).
(2) Command format
G05 P1 ; : High-speed machining mode I ON

G05 P2 ; : High-speed machining mode II ON
G05 P0 ; (or G05) ; : High-speed machining mode OFF

(a) In the high-speed machining mode, the blocks are pre-read. If the length of one block is
sufficiently short in respect to the commanded speed, and the block can be completed with
one interpolation calculation, multiple blocks are combined and recreated into a block length
that can be completed with one interpolation.
Program command
Command recreated by combining program commands
(b) The high-speed machining mode I is commanded with G05P1, and the high-speed machining
mode II is commanded with G05P2. The high-speed machining mode is canceled with G05P0.
The incremental value/absolute value commands in the high-speed machining mode follow the
modals for when G05 is commanded.
151
(c)
Mode Command M6
Standard mode G05 (P0) 8.4m/min (Regardless of tool radius
compensation ON/OFF)
High-speed mode I G05P1 16.8m/min (Regardless of tool radius
compensation ON/OFF)
High-speed mode II G05P2 67m/min (When tool radius compensation is
OFF.)
The numbers in the above table indicate the maximum speed (m/min) when the G1 block for
1mm segment is executed.
The performance conditions are common and are as follow:
4-axis system (including spindle) or less
1 system
Three axes or less simultaneously commanded with G01
Block containing only axis name and movement amount (macros and variable commands
are not contained)
Only stored stroke limit I is valid for stroke check
For high-speed mode II, the following condition applies in addition to the above.
Tool radius compensation OFF
There are no particular limits to the program for the high-speed machining mode I. However, if
the above conditions are not satisfied, the designated speed may not be ensured.
(d) Override, maximum cutting speed clamp, single block operation, dry run, manual pulse
generator interrupt, graphic trace and high-accuracy control mode are all valid even in the
high-speed machining mode.
(4) Restrictions
(a) Before commanding G05P2, cancel the radius compensation, mirror image, scaling,
coordinate rotation, hypothetical axis interpolation and three-dimensional radius
compensation.
(b) The automatic operation process has the priority during the high-speed machining mode, so
the display response may be delayed.
(c) During the G05P2, G05P0 and G05P1 command blocks, the speed will decelerate once, so
command these at a position where the tool is separated from the workpiece.
(d) When using the high-speed machining mode with communication or tape operation, the
machining speed may be suppressed to a low speed due to restrictions in the program transfer
speed.
(e) The cutting feed clamp speed during the high-speed machining mode is the minimum speed of
the movement axes' cutting feed clamp speeds. The cutting feed clamp speed when not in the
high-speed machining mode is set so that the feedrate of each movement axis does not
exceed the respective cutting feed clamp speed. Thus, the cutting feed clamp speed during
the high-speed machining mode may decrease compared to when not in the high-speed
machining mode.
(5) Notes
(a) The only address P commands that are valid are P0, P1 and P2. A program error will occur if
other P commands are designated, or if there is no P command.
(b) Do not command addresses other than N or P in the G05 block. A program error will occur if
an address other than N or P is commanded.
(c) Decimal points are invalid for address P. Even if a decimal point is used, it will be ignored.
152
13.2 Subprogram Control; M98/M99

(1) Outline
When the same pattern is used repeatedly during machining, this function registers that machining
pattern as a subprogram. This allows the same machining to be realized easily by calling out the
subprogram from the main program when required. The program can be effectively used with this
function.
The call is designated with the program number and sequence number. The main program is
returned to from the subprogram by commanding M99. Other subprograms can be called from the
subprogram, and a depth of up to eight levels can be programmed.
(2) Command format

(a) Calling the subprogram
M98 Pp1 Hh1 Ll1 ,Dd1 ;

Call command Subprogram Sequence Number of Subprogram device No. (Note)
number number repetitions
(Branch to
subprogram)
Op1 (Subprogram)
:
Nh1
:
M99 ; (Return to main program)
(Note) Set the device No. in which a subprogram exists. The call sequence designated in
the
machining parameters is followed if this setting is omitted.
The d1 device No. is set in the machining parameters.
(b) Returning from the subprogram
M99 Pp2 ;
Return Return destination sequence number
command (When omitted, the program will return to the block
following the call block.)

(a) The subprogram uses the same format as the machining program for normal memory
operation. The only point that differs is that the subprogram end command M99 (P_); is
inserted as an independent block at the last block.
(b) The subprogram numbers 1 to 99999999 can be used.
(c) The subprogram call level can be used up to eight levels. The program error "PR0230" will
occur if this is exceeded.
Main program Main program Main program Main program

level 0 (P1000) level 1 (P1) level 2 (P2) level 8 (P8)
P1000 P1 P2 P8

8 level call
M98 P2;
M98 P1; M99;
M98 P3;
M99;
M99;
M02/M30;
153
(d) The subprogram branch destination and the subprogram repetition can also be designated.
Subprogram branch destination designation Subprogram repetition designation
Main program Subprogram Main program Subprogram

P1000 P1 P1000 P1
N1;
Execute five
M98 P1 H1;
times.
M99;
M98 P1 L5;
N100;
M98 P1 H100; M99 ;
M99; Execute five times
M02/M30; M02/M30; and then return.
(e) In addition to subprogram stored in the NC memory, subprograms stored in the personal
computer's floppy disk or hard disk, etc., can also be run.
The relation of the main program storage place and subprogram storage place is as follows.
Subprogram NC side Personal computer side

storage place
Hard
Floppy disk/ Tape
Memory IC card
Main program disk data RS-232C
storage place server
Memory
NC side IC card
MDI
Floppy disk
Personal
Hard disk/
computer
data server
side
Tape RS-232C
The mark indicates a combination that can be called.
(4) Notes
(a) The program error "PR0232" will occur if the designated P (program number) is not found.
(b) The M98P_;M99; block will branch to "O100" after "X100." is executed if the program is
"X100.M98P100;".
(c) If M99; is commanded in the main program, the program will return to the head. (This also
applies for MDI.)
Note that a program error will occur if the parameter (Main M99 alarm stop) is ON.
(d) The subprogram can be branched to with M98P_; using tape operation, but a sequence
number cannot be designated as the return destination with M99P_;. (P_ will be ignored.)
(e) If the sequence number is designated with M99P_;, it may take longer to search for the
designated position depending on the program.
154
13.3 Fixed Cycle; G80 to G89/G73/G74/G76
13.3.1 Outline
Using this function, hole drilling cycles such as drill, tapping, etc., can be commanded with a program
containing one block. By designating the operation mode, various fixed cycle can be called out.
By editing the standard fixed cycle subprogram, the fixed cycle sequence can be changed by the user.
The user can also register and edit an original fixed cycle program.
List of machining center system hole drilling fixed cycle functions

Operation at hole bottom Return
Hole drilling start
G code operation Application
(Z direction) Dwell Spindle (+Z direction)
G80 Cancel
G81 Cutting feed Rapid traverse Drilling, spot drilling cycle
Drilling, counter boring
G82 Cutting feed Valid Rapid traverse
cycle
G83 Intermittent feed Rapid traverse Deep hole drilling cycle
G84 Cutting feed Valid Reverse run Cutting feed Tapping cycle
G85 Cutting feed Cutting feed Boring cycle
G86 Cutting feed Valid Stop Rapid traverse Boring cycle
G87 Rapid traverse Forward run Cutting feed Back boring cycle
G88 Cutting feed Valid Stop Rapid traverse Boring cycle
G89 Cutting feed Valid Cutting feed Boring cycle
G73 Intermittent feed Valid Rapid traverse Step cycle
G74 Cutting feed Valid Forward run Cutting feed Reverse tapping cycle
Oriented
G76 Cutting feed Rapid traverse Fine boring cycle
spindle stop
(Note) G87/G74 can be used as the manual synchronous tapping function. Refer to the MELDAS 600M
Series Instruction Manual (BNP-B2237) "CHAPTER 2 MACHINE OPERATIONS" for details on the
operation.
13.3.2 Command format
The basic program format of the fixed cycle command is as follows.
G98 G81 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Rr1 Qq1 Pp1 Ll1 Ff1 ;
Return point Operation Hole position Hole machining data Feedrate
mode data
(a) Return point

The following two hole drilling axis return levels can be used after the fixed cycle machining
operation is completed.
G code Function
G98 Initial point level return
G99 R point level return
155
(b) Operation mode
G code Application
G80 Cancel
G81 Drilling, spot drilling cycle
G82 Drilling, counter boring cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
G84 Tapping cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G73 Step cycle
G74 Reverse tapping cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
(c) Hole position data

X, Y X axis, Y axis hole drilling position command (rapid traverse) (Incremental/absolute)
(Note) When there is no drilling position command, the drilling will not be carried out though the
drilling data is saved.
There are x and y commands : drilling will be carried out.
There are only z and r commands : data will be saved only (No drilling)
(d) Hole machining data
Z Hole bottom position designation (Incremental/absolute)
R Hole R position designation (Incremental/absolute)
Q Cut-in amount per rotation at G73, G83 (Incremental)
Shift amount at G76, G87
P Dwell time at hole bottom
L Number of fixed cycle repetitions designation
F Cutting feedrate
(Note 1) The number of repetitions can also be commanded with address K. Parameter (110134
Valid ADR_K FIX) needs to be set in order to validate the address K command.
(Note 2) When addresses L and K are commanded in the same block, address L will have the
priority.
(Note 3) When G87/G76 is commanded, address K will designate the shift amount rather than
the number of repetitions.
156
13.3.3 Description of operation
1
2
Initial point
3
R point
4 6
Z point
Operation 1: This denotes the X and Y axis positioning, and positioning is done by G00.
By setting the parameters, the axis can be moved according to the current 01 group's G code.
Operation 2: This action takes place at the positioned (initial) point.
When the G87 command is assigned, the M19 command is output from the NC unit to the machine.
This M command is executed and when the finish (FIN) signal arrives at the NC unit,
the next action starts.
If the single block stop switch is in the ON position, the block stop mode is established
upon completion of the positioning.
Operation 3: The tool is positioned as far as the R point by rapid traverse.
Operation 4: Hole machining is conducted by cutting feed.
Operation 5: This action takes place at the hole position.
It differs according to the fixed cycle mode. Possible actions include spindle stop (M05), spindle
reverse rotation (M04), spindle forward rotation (M03), dwell and tool shift.
Operation 6: The tool is retracted as far as the R point.
Depending on the fixed cycle mode, it will be retracted at the cutting feed or rapid traverse rate.
Operation 7: The tool is returned as far as the initial point at the rapid traverse rate.
Whether operation 6 or 7 is to be regarded as the completion of the fixed cycle can be selected by the
G commands (G98/G99).
157
The relation of the G98/G99 mode and No. of repetition designation is as shown below.
G98
No. of hole Program At power ON, at cancel
with M02, M30, and reset G99
drilling example
button
G81X100.
Y100. Initial point Initial point
Z50.
Only one R25. R point R point
execution F1000;
Initial level return is executed. R point level return is executed.
G81X100.
Y100.
Z50.
R25.
Second and
L5F1000;
following
executions
First Second Final First Second Final
time time time time time time
Initial level return is executed for all

times.
(a) With the label L, when the number of repetition is two or more times, the axis will return to the
point determined by G98/G99 modal at the last time.
(b) With the label O, when the number of repetition is two or more times, the axis will return to the
initial point regardless of G98/G99 mode at the last time.
158
13.3.4 Detailed description
(1) Positioning planes and hole drilling axis

The basic control elements of the positioning plane and hole drilling axis are contained in the fixed
cycles. The positioning plane is determined by the G17, G18 or G19 plane selection command,
and the hole drilling axis is the axis that is perpendicular to the above selected plane.
Plane selection Positioning plane Hole drilling axis

G17 (X-Y) Xp-Yp Zp
G18 (Z-X) Zp-Xp Yp
G19 (Y-Z) Yp-Zp Xp
(Note) Xp, Yp and Zp denote the basic axes X, Y and Z or the parallel axes of
these basic axes.
(a) Any axis except the hole drilling axis can be assigned for the positioning.
(b) The hole drilling axis is determined by the axis address of the hole drilling axis commanded in
the same block as the fixed cycle command (G81 to G89, G73, G74, G76). The basic axis
serves as the hole drilling axis if the axis address is not designated. Designate the number of
fixed cycle repetitions as 0 when not carrying out hole drilling.
(Example) When G17 (X-Y plane) has been selected and the W axis has been set as the axis
parallel to the Z axis
G81 Z_ ; Z axis is set as the hole drilling axis.
G81 W_ ; W axis is set as the hole drilling axis.
G81 ; Z axis is set as the hole drilling axis.
(Note 1) The Z axis can be fixed as the hole drilling axis by parameter setting.
(Note 2) The hole drilling axis should be selected in the fixed cycle cancel mode.
In this explanation, the command value is incremental, the positioning plane is XY, and the hole
drilling axis is the Z axis.
(2) Fixed cycles and uni-directional positioning (G60)

Using fixed cycles and the uni-directional positioning (G60) command in combination enables a
tool to be positioned with a high accuracy at the hole drilling point without any backlash error.
(3) Workpiece coordinate settings in fixed cycle mode

The axis-designated axis moves with the set workpiece coordinate system.
The Z axis is valid from the R point positioning or Z axis movement after positioning is completed.
(Note) For addresses Z and R, reprogram when changing the workpiece coordinates even if the
values are the same.
(Example) G54 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;
G81 Xx2 Yy2 Zz2 Rr2 ;
:
:
G55 Xx3 Yy3 Zz2 Rr2 ; Command again even if the Z and R values are the
same as the previous command.
Xx4 Yy4 ;
Xx5 Yy5 ;
:
:
159
13.3.5 Description of each command
(1) G73 (Step cycle)
G73 Xx Yy Zz Qq Rr Ff Pp ;
G98 mode
Initial point
R point
q n
G99 mode
Z point
1) G0 Xx Yy;
2) G0 Zr;
3) G1 Zq Ff;
4) G4 Pp;
5) G0 Z (zn);
6) G1 Z (q+n) Ff;
:
:
(n) G98 mode G0 Z (z+r);
G99 mode G0 Z z;
Using the G73 command, the tool can be returned by rapid traverse by an amount equivalent to
"n" mm and then switched to cutting feed for the second and subsequent passes.
The return amount "n" is set with the parameters.
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 2) and (n)
commands.
160
(2) G74 (Reverse tapping cycle)
G74 Xx Yy Zz Qq Rr Ff Pp ;
G98 mode
Initial point
M04
R point
Z p oint
M03
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G4 Pp ;
5) M03 ; (Spindle forward rotation)
6) G1 Z z Ff ;
7) G4 Pp ;
8) M04 ; (Spindle reverse rotation)
9) G98 mode G0 Z r ;
G99 mode No movement
Override is canceled while G74 is being executed and the override is automatically set to 100%.
Dry run is also ignored.
When the feed hold button is pressed while G74 is being executed, the tool will not stop
immediately with sequences 3) to 6) but will stop upon completion of 6). It will stop immediately
with sequence 1), 2) and 9) rapid traverse.
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 2) and 9)
commands.
The "in-tapping" NC output signal is output while G74 is modal.
The M03, M04, M05 and S codes are not output while the G74 synchronous tapping is modal.
If F/E are not commanded in the G84, G74 command block, the program error "PR0183 No
pitch/thread number" will occur. Note that the previous F/E values will be used if the parameter
(#320024 Synchronized tapping) is turned ON.
161
(3) G76 (Fine boring)
G76 Xx Yy Zz Rr Iq1 Jq2 Ff ;
G98 mode
Init ial point

q
R point
q
Z p oint G99 mode

q
M19 sh ift
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) M19 ; (Spindle orientation)
5) G1 Xq1 Yq2 Ff ; (Shift)
6) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Z z ;
7) G0 X q1 Y q2 ;
commands.
This command can be used to perform high-precision boring without leaving scratches or marks
on the machining surface.
This is escaped (retracted) after cutting in the shifted state in the reverse direction to the tool
nose.
The shift amount is assigned as follows by addresses I, J and K.
I and J with G17
K and I with G18
J and K with G19
(Note) Even if address K for designating the number of fixed cycle repetitions is valid, address
K will designate the shift amount rather than the number of repetitions.
The shift amount is executed by linear interpolation and the feedrate accords with the F
command.
I, J and K should be assigned with incremental values in the same block as the hole position
data.
I, J and K are treated as modals during fixed cycles.
(Note) When the parameter fixing the hole drilling axis as the Z axis has been set, the shift
amount can also be assigned by address Q and not by I and J. In a case like this, the
shift amount is set by parameter to +X, X, +Y or Y.
The sign of the Q value is ignored and handled as plus.
Care should be taken because the value of Q is modal in a fixed cycle and considered
as the cutting amount of subsequent G83, G87 and G73 commands.
162
(4) G81 (Drilling, spot drilling)
G81 Xx Yy Zz Rr Ff ;
Init ial point
G98 mode
R point
Z p oint G99 mode
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Zz;
commands.
(5) G82 (Drilling, counterboring)
G82 Xx Yy Zz Rr Ff Pp ;
Initial point
R point G98 mode
Z p oint G99 mode
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G4 Pp ; (Dwell)
5) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Z z ;
commands.
163
(6) G83 (Deep hole drilling cycle)
G83 Xx Yy Zz Rr Qq Ff ;
Q: Where Q is the cut amount for each pass, which is always assigned as an incremental value.
G98 mode
Initial point
R point
q
n
G99 mode
Z p oint
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zq Ff ;
4) G0 Zq;
5) G0 Z (q n) ;
6) G1 Z (q + n) Ff ;
7) G0 Z2q;
8) G0 Z (2 q n) ;
9) G1 Z (q + n) Ff ;
10) G0 Z3q;
:
:
(n) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Zz;
Using the G83 command, the tool can be switched from rapid traverse to cutting feed in front of
"n" mm from the position machined immediately before for the second and subsequent passes.
"n" is set with the parameters.
Program so that q > n.
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 2) and (n)
commands.
164
(7) G84 (Tapping cycle)
G98 mode
Initial point
M03
R point
Z p oint
M04
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G4 Pp ;
5) M04 ; (Spindle reverse rotation)
6) G1 Z z Ff ;
7) G4 Pp ;
Whether to use the synchronous tapping mode or asynchronous tapping mode follows the
parameter settings.
Override is canceled while G84 is being executed and the override is automatically set to 100%.
Dry run is also ignored.
When the feed hold button is pressed while G84 is being executed, the tool will not stop with
sequences 3) to 6) but will stop immediately upon completion of 6). It will stop immediately with
sequence 1), 2) and 9) rapid traverse.
commands.
The "in-tapping" NC output signal is output while G84 is modal.
The M03, M04, M05 and S codes are not output in the G84 synchronous tapping modal.
If F/E are not commanded in the G84, G74 command block, the program error "PR0183 No
pitch/thread number" will occur. Note that the previous F/E values will be used if the parameter
(#320024 Synchronized tapping) is turned ON.
165
(8) G85 (Boring)
G85 Xx Yy Zz Rr Ff ;
G98 mode
In itial point
R point
Z p oint
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G1 Z z Ff ;
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 2), 4) or 5)
commands.
(9) G86 (Boring)
G98 mode
In itial point
R point
Z p oint
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G4 Pp
5) M05 ; (Spindle stop)
6) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Z z ; S
commands.
166
(10) G87 (Back boring)
G87 Xx Yy Zz Rr Iq1 Iq2 Ff ;
(Note) Take care with the z and r assignment. (The z and r signs are reversed.)
There is no R point return.
G87
Borin g cycle
M19
Init ial point
R point
M19
Z p oint
M03
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
3) G0 Xq1 Yq2 ; (Shift)
4) VG0 Zr ;
5) G1 X q1 Y q2 Ff ; (Shift)
7) G1 Zz Ff ;
9) G0 Xq1 Yq2 ; (Shift)
10) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Z z ;
11) G0 X q1 Y q2 ; (Shift)
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 4), 6) and 11)
commands.
This command can be used to perform high-precision boring without leaving scratches or marks
on the machining surface.
This is escaped (retracted) after cutting in the shifted state in the reverse direction to the tool
nose.
The shift amount is assigned as follows by addresses I, J and K.
I and J with G17
K and I with G18
J and K with G19
(Note) Even if address K for designating the number of fixed cycle repetitions is valid, address
K will designate the shift amount rather than the number of repetitions.
The shift amount is executed by linear interpolation and the feedrate accords with the F
command.
I, J and K should be assigned with incremental values in the same block as the hole position
data.
I, J and K are treated as modals during fixed cycles.
(Note) When the parameter fixing the hole drilling axis as the Z axis has been set, the shift
amount can also be assigned by address Q and not by I and J. In a case like this, the
shift amount is set by parameter to +X, X, +Y or Y.
The sign of the Q value is ignored and handled as plus.
Care should be taken because the value of Q is modal in a fixed cycle and considered
as the cutting amount of subsequent G83, G87 and G73 commands.
167
(11) G88 (Boring)
G98 mode
In itial point
R point
Z p oint
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G4 Pp
5) M05 ; (Spindle stop)
6) Stop with single block stop switch ON
7) G98 mode G0 Z (z + r) ;
G99 mode G0 Z z ;
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 2) 6) and 8)
commands.
(12) G89 (Boring)
G98 mode
In itial point
R point
Z p oint
1) G0 Xx Yy ;
2) G0 Zr ;
3) G1 Zz Ff ;
4) G4 Pp
5) G1 Z z ;
The stop position during single block operation applies upon completion of the 1), 2), 5) or 6)
commands.
168
13.4 Corner Chamfering, Corner R; ,C/,R

13.4.1 Outline
Chamfering or corner rounding is automatically inserted between blocks by adding " ,C " or " ,R " to
the linear-arc program.
13.4.2 Corner chamfering

(1) Function
The corner is chamfered in such a way that the points, which are distanced by the lengths
assigned by " ,C_ " from the hypothetical start and final corners which would apply were to be
performed, are connected.
(2) Command format
N100 G01 X_ Z_ , C_ ;
Length up to chamfering starting point or end point from
hypothetical corner
N200 G01 X_ Z_ ;
Next block's end point coordinates
Chamfering is performed at the point where N100 and N200 intersection.
(3) Description of operation

(a) Linear Linear
N1 G01 Xx1 Zz1 , Cc1 ;

N2 Zz2 ;
c1
N2
c1
N1
(b) Linear Arc
G01 X_Z_ , Cc1 ;

G02 X_Z_ Ii1 Kk1 ;
Hypothetical corner
Cc1
Cc1
Chamfering start
point
Chamfering end point
(1)
(2)
169
(c) Arc Linear
G03 X_Z_ Ii1 Kk1 , Cc1 ;

G01 X_Z_ ;
Hypothetical corner
Cc1
Cc1
Chamfering end
point
Chamfering start point
(2)
(1)
(d) Arc Arc
G02 X_Z_ Ii1 Kk1 , Cc1 ;

G02 X_Z_ Ii2 Kk2 ;
Hypothetical corner
Cc1
Cc1
Chamfering start
point
Chamfering end point
(2) (1)

(a) The start point of the block following the corner chamfering serves as the hypothetical corner.
(b) When the comma in ,C is not present, the command is handled as a C command.
(c) When both corner R command ",R" are assigned in the same block the latter command is
valid.
(d) Tool offset is calculated for the shape which has already been subjected to corner chamfering.
(5) Notes
(a) A program error will occur if the block commanding corner chamfering or the block following it
is a positioning command or thread cutting command.
(b) A program error will occur if the block following that commanding corner chamfering is not a
group 01 G command.
(c) A program error will occur when the movement amount in the block assigning corner
chamfering is less than the chamfering amount.
(d) A program error will occur when the movement amount in the block following the block
commanded corner chamfering is less than the chamfering amount.
170
13.4.3 Corner R
(1) Function
The hypothetical corner that assumes that there is no rounding, is rounded with the radius arc
designated with ",R".
(2) Command format
N100 G01 X_ Z_ , R_ ;

Arc radius for corner rounding
N200 G01 X_ Z_ ;
Corner R is performed at the point where N100 and N200 hypothetical corner.
(3) Description of operation

(a) Linear Linear
N1 G01 Xx1 Zz1 , Rr1 ;

N2 Zz2 ;
N2
r1
N1
(b) Linear Arc
G01 X_Z_ , Rr1 ;

G02 X_Z_ Ii1 Kk1 ;
Corner R start point

Hypothetical corner (1)
Rr 1
Corner R end point
(2)
171
(c) Arc Linear
G03 X_Z_ Ii1 Kk1 , Rr1 ;

G01 X_Z_ ;
Corner R end point

(2)
Hypothetical corner
Rr 1
(1)
(d) Arc Arc
G02 X_Z_ Ii1 Kk1 , Rr1 ;

G02 X_Z_ Ii2 Kk2 ;
Hypothetical corner
(1)
Corner R end point Rr 1
(2)

(a) The start point of the block following the corner R serves as the hypothetical corner.
(b) When the comma in ,R is not present, the command is treated as an R command.
(c) If the corner chamfering command ",C" is issued in the same block, the latter command will be
valid.
(d) Tool offset is calculated for the shape which has already been subjected to corner R.
(5) Notes
(a) A program error will occur if the block commanding corner R or the block following it is a
positioning command or thread cutting command.
(b) A program error will occur if the block following that commanding corner R is not a group 01 G
command.
(c) A program error will occur when the movement amount in the block commanded corner R is
less than the R value.
(d) A program error will occur when the movement amount in the block following the block corner
R is less than the R value.
172
13.4.4 Corner chamfering/corner R speed E designation
The feedrate for the corner chamfering and corner R areas can be commanded with the E command.
This allows the correct shape to be cut at the corner area.
(Example)
G01 X_Z_ , Cc1 Ff1 Ee1 ;

X_Z_ ;
G01 X_Z_ , Rr1 Ff1 Ee1 ;

X_Z_ ;
X F
(a) The E command is a modal. It is valid even for the next corner chamfer and corner R areas.
(b) The E command modal has independent asynchronous feedrate modals and synchronous
feedrate modals. The valid speed follows the asynchronous/synchronous mode (G94/G95).
(c) If the E command is 0 or if E has not been designated yet, the feedrate at the corner chamfering
and corner R area will be the F command feedrate.
(d) The E command modal is not cleared even when the reset button is pressed. It is cleared when
the power is turned OFF. (This is the same as the F command.)
173
13.5 Mirror Image; G50.1/G51.1
13.5.1 Outline
When cutting a left/right symmetrical shape, the other shape can be machined with just the left or the
right program. The programming time can be shortened by using this mirror image function.
The mirror image command methods include the following:
External switch mirror image input from PLC
Parameter set mirror image
G command mirror image
13.5.2 External switch mirror image and parameter set mirror image

By reversing the signs of the command values for program operation, symmetrical cutting can be
carried out.
Mirror image OFF path
Mirror image ON operation
Mirror image ON path X
(a) Mirror image can be applied on all control axes.

(b) The mirror image is changed after block stop.
(c) The mirror image ON/OFF control can be changed with the following operations.
1) External input signal ON/OFF changeover using the switch on the machine operation
panel via the PLC.
2) Setting and display unit ON/OFF changeover using parameter operations.
(d) The mirror center becomes the position where the mirror image was turned ON.
(2) Notes
(a) When turning the mirror image parameter OFF during execution of a machining program,
make sure to turn it OFF at the same coordinate position as where it was turned ON.
If the changeover position changes, always execute reference point return and
G92G53X_Y_Z__ ;.
174
13.5.3 G command mirror image
(1) Outline
The mirror image can be directly designated with the G command by creating a machining program.
G code Function
G50.1 G command mirror image cancel
G51.1 G command mirror image ON
(2) Command format

The G command mirror image program format is as follows.
G51.1 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ; The mirror image is applied on the (x1, y1, z1) as if a
Mirror image Command axis and command mirror is placed.
ON position
The G command mirror image cancel program format is as follows.
G50.1 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ; The coordinate word indicates the axis for which mirror
Mirror image Command axis image is turned OFF. The coordinate value is ignored.
cancel
Original shape (Program) Shape produced after mirror

image command when left-side
Y
machining program is run
X
Mirror axis

(a) The coordinate word in G51.1 is assigned for the mirror image command axes while the
coordinate values are assigned for the mirror image center coordinates in either absolute or
incremental values.
(b) The coordinate word in G50.1 indicates the axes for which mirror image will not be applied and
the coordinate values are ignored.
(c) When mirror image is applied to only one axis in the assigned plane, the rotation direction or
offset direction is reversed for arc or tool radius compensation and coordinate rotation.
(d) These functions are processed on the local coordinate system and so the mirror image center
will be moved by counter presetting or by any change in the workpiece coordinates.
(e) When a zero point return command (G28 or G30) has been executed during mirror image, the
mirror image is valid for operations up to the middle point but not for operations from the
middle point to the zero point.
(f) When a return command (G29) is issued from the zero point during mirror image, the axis
passes through the middle point passed through with the previous zero point return command,
unrelated to the present mirror status.
(g) Mirror image is not applied to the G53 command.
175
(4) Notes
When mirror image is canceled anywhere except at the mirror image center, the program
command position and machine position will deviate, as shown in the figure below. This state
continues until positioning is executed with the absolute value command (G90 mode) in the
program or a G28 or G30 command is assigned for zero point return. The mirror center is set with
an absolute value commanded in the program and so if another mirror image is assigned in this
state, the center may be set at an unforeseen position.
Cancel mirror image above the mirror center and, after cancellation, assign a positioning
command using absolute values.
(5) Combination with other functions

(a) Radius compensation
Mirror imaging is processed after a radius compensation command has been applied, and
cutting proceeds as follows.
Program path When mirror image is applied.

When radius compensation is applied.
When mirror image and radius compensation
Mirror center are applied.
(b) Scaling
Mirror image applies to a shape after scaling so that cutting proceeds as follows.
Original shape
When mirror image and scaling are applied.

When scaling is applied.
Mirror center
176
13.6 Variable Commands
13.6.1 Outline
The program can have flexibility and general-purpose capabilities by designating variables, instead of
giving direct numerical values to particular addresses in a program, and by assigning the values or
those variables as required when executing a program.
The variables can also be operated (added, subtracted, multiplied, divided).
13.6.2 Detailed description
(1) Number of variable sets
Number of sets Number of set specifications

1 100 sets #100 to #149, #500 to #549
2 200 sets #100 to #199, #500 to #599
3 300 sets #100 to #199, #500 to #699
4 600 sets #100 to #199, #500 to #999
5 50+50 2 sets #100 to #149: Independent for system, #500 to #549: Common for system
6 100+100 2 sets #100 to #199: Independent for system, #500 to #599: Common for system
(2) Variable expressions

Variable : # Numerical value Example) #100
(Numerical value = 1, 2, 3, )
: # [expression] Example) # [#100 + #200]
Expression : Numerical value
: Variable
: Expression operator expression #100 + #101
: (minus) expression #120
: [Expression] [#110]
: Function [expression] SIN [#110]
(a) The standard operators are "+", "", "" and " / ". User macro specifications are required for
other operators.
(b) The user macro specifications are required for logical operators (OR, AND, etc.) and functions
(SIN, COS, etc.)
(c) An error will occur if the variable number is negative.
177
(3) Types of variables

The following table gives the types of variables.
Type of variable Number Function Remarks

Can be used in common
100 to 149,
Common variables throughout main, sub and macro Type A : 100 sets
500 to 549
programs.
Can be used for local variables in User macro
Local variables 1 to 33
macro programs. specifications required.
User macro
System variables 1000 to Application is fixed by system.
specifications required.
Local variables in fixed cycle
Fixed cycle programs Fixed cycle
1 to 99
variables (Note) Only variables #15 to #21 specifications required.
can be used by the user.
(a) All common variables are retained even when the power is turned OFF.
(b) The common variables are divided into the following two types.
Common variables 1: 500 to 549, variables which can be used in common through all
systems
Common variables 2: 100 to 149, variables which can be used in common in the programs
of the system
(4) Variable quotations

(a) Variables can be used for all addresses except O, N and / (slash).
When the variable value is used directly:
X#1 Value of #1 is used as the X value.
When the complement of the variable value is used:
X - #2 Value with the #2 sign changed is used as the X value.
When defining variables:
#3 = #5 Variable #3 uses the value of variable #5.
#1 = 1000 Variable #1 uses the value 1000 (which is treated as 1000.).
When defining the variable operation expression:
#1 = #2 + #3 - 100 The value of the operation result of #2 + #3 - 100. is used as
the #1 value.
X [#1 + #3 + 1000] The value of the operation result of #1 + #3 + 1000. is used
as the X value.
(b) Notes
1) A variable cannot be defined in the same block as an address. It must be defined in a
separate block.
2) Up to five sets of square brackets [ ] may be used.
3) There are no restrictions on the number of characters and number of variables for variable
definition.
4) The variable values should be within a range from 0 to 99999999.
5) If this range is exceeded, the operations may not be conducted properly.
6) The variable definitions are valid from the moment that the variables are actually defined.
7) Variable quotations are always regarded as having a decimal point at the end.
(c) Variable name definition

Variable names can be set for #500 to #519.
Note that variable names should be 7 alphanumeric characters or less, starting with an
alphabetic character.
SETVNn [NAME1, NAME2, ] ; n: Head number of variable for attaching name
G00X [#NAME1] ; NAME1: Name with #n defined
G00Y [#NAMEk] ; NAMEk: Name with #k defined
:
178
13.7 User Macro Specifications
13.7.1 User macro commands
By combining the user macros with variable commands, it is possible to use macro program call,
arithmetic operation, data input/output with PLC, control, decision, branch and many other instructions
for measurement and other such applications.
0 Main program 0 Macro program
..... ; ..... ;
Macro call instruction
M30; M99;
Macro programs use variables, arithmetic instructions and control instructions to create subprograms
which function to provide special-purpose control.
These special-purpose control functions (macro programs) are called by the macro call instructions
exactly when required from the main program.
The following G codes are available for the macro call commands.
G code Function
G65 User macro Simple call
G66 User macro Modal call A (Movement command call)
G66.1 User macro Modal call B (Per-block call)
G67 User macro Modal call cancel
(a) When the G66 (or 66.1) command is entered, the specified user macro subprogram will be called
after each block has been executed (or after the movement command in the block) with the
movement commands has been executed until the G67 (cancel) command is entered.
(b) The G66 (or G66.1) and G67 commands must be paired in the same program.
179
13.7.2 Macro call instruction
Included among the macro call commands are the simple calls which apply only to the instructed
block and also modal calls (types A and B) which apply to each block in the call modal.
(1) Simple macro calls
Main program To subprogram Subprogram (Oo1)

Oo1
G65Pp1Ll1 <argument>;
M99
To main program
M99 is used to conclude the user macro subprogram.
Format ; G65 P___ L___ <argument> ;
No. of repetitions
Program No.
(a) When the argument must be transferred as a local variable to a user macro subprogram, the
actual value should be designated after the address.
Regardless of the address, a sign and decimal point can be used in the argument. There are
2 ways in which arguments are designated.
180
1) Argument designation I
Format : A__ B__ C__ ....... X__ Y__ Z__
Arguments can be designated using any address except G, L, N, O and P.

Except for I, J and K, there is no need for designation in alphabetical order.
I, J and K must be designated in alphabetical order.
I__ J__ K__ ............ Correct
J__ I__ K__ ............ Incorrect
Address which do not need to be designated can be omitted.
The following table shows the correspondence between the addresses which can be
designated by argument designation I and the variable numbers in the user macro main
body.
Address and variable number Call instructions and usable

correspondence address
Argument designation I Variable in
G65, G66 G66.1
address macro
A #1
B #2
C #3
D #7
E #8
F #9
G #10 *
H #11
I #4
J #5
K #6
L #12 *
M #13
N #14 *
O #15
P #16 *
Q #17
R #18
S #19
T #20
U #21
V #22
W #23
X #24
Y #25
Z #26
: Can be used.
: Cannot be used.
* : Can be used while G66.1 command is modal.
181
2) Argument designation II
Format : A__ B__ C__ I__ J__ K__ I__ J__ K__
In addition to address A, B and C, up to 10 groups of arguments with I, J, K serving as 1

group can be designated.
When the same address is duplicated, designate the addresses in the specified order.
Addresses which do not need to be designated can be omitted.
The following table shows the correspondence between the addresses which can be
designated by argument designation II and the variable numbers in the user macro main
body.
Argument designation Variable Argument designation Variable

II address within macro II address within macro
A #1 J5 #17
B #2 K5 #18
C #3 I6 #19
I1 #4 J6 #20
J1 #5 K6 #21
K1 #6 I7 #22
I2 #7 J7 #23
J2 #8 K7 #24
K2 #9 I8 #25
I3 #10 J8 #26
J3 #11 K8 #27
K3 #12 I9 #28
I4 #13 J9 #29
J4 #14 K9 #30
K4 #15 I10 #31
I5 #16 J10 #32
K10 #33
Note 1) The numbers 1 through 10 accompanying I, J and K denote the sequence of

the commanded groups and they are not required for the actual instructions.
3) Using arguments designations I and II together

If addresses corresponding to the same variable are commanded when both types I and II
are used to designate arguments, the latter address is valid.
(Example 1)
Call instruction G65 A1.1 B-2.2 D3.3 I4.4 I7.7 ;

Variable
#1 : 1.1
#2 : 2.2
#4 : 4.4
#5 :
#6 :
#7 : 3.3 7.7
In the above example, the last I7.7 argument is valid when both arguments D3.3 and I7.7 are
commanded for the #7 variable.
182
(2) Modal call A (movement command call)
Main program To subprogram Subprogram

Oo1
G65Pp1Ll1 <argument>;
M99
G67 To main program
To subprogram
When the block with a movement command is commanded between G66 and G67, the
movement command is first executed and then the designated user macro subprogram is
executed. The number of times the subprogram is executed is 1 times with each call.
The argument is the same as for a simple call.
Format ; G66 P___ L___ <argument> ;
No. of repetitions
Program No.
(a) When the G66 command is entered, the specified user macro subprogram will be called after
the movement command in the block with the movement commands has been executed until
the G67 (cancel) command is entered.
(b) The G66 and G67 commands must be paired in the same program.
A program error will result when G67 is issued without the G66 command.
(Example) Drill cycle
N1 G90 G54 G0 X0Y0Z0;

N2 G91 G00 X-50.Y-50.Z-200.;
N3 G66 P9010 R-10.Z-30.F100; O 9010
N4 X-50.Y-50.; To subprogram after axis command execution N10 G00 Z #18 M0;
N5 X-50.; To subprogram after axis command execution
N20 G09 G01 Z #26 F#9;
N30 G00 Z- [#18+#26];
N6 G67; To main program
M99;
~
-150. -100. -50. W

X
N2 N1
N3 N10 Argument R
-50.
N4 N30
N20 Argument Z
N5
-100.
Subprogram
Subprogram
Argument F
Y
Note 1) After the axis command is executed in the main program, the subprogram is executed.
Note 2) The subprogram is not executed in the blocks following G67.
183
(3) Modal call B (for each block)

The specified user macro subprogram is called unconditionally for each command block which is
assigned between G66.1 and G67 and the subprogram is executed 1 times.
Format ; G66.1 P___ L___ <argument> ;
No. of repetitions
Program No.
(a) In the G66.1 mode, everything except the O, N and G codes in the various command blocks
which are read are handled as the argument without being executed. Any G code designated
last or any N code commanded after anything except O and N will function as the argument.
(b) The same applies as when G65P__ is assigned at the head of a block for all significant
blocks in the G66.1 mode.
(Example 1)
N100 G01 G90 X100. Y200. F400 R1000; in the G66.1 P1000; mode is the same as:
N100 G65 P1000 G01 G90 X100. Y200. F400 R1000;
Note 1) The Call is performed even in the G66.1 command block in the G66.1 mode and
the correspondence between the argument address and the variable number is
the same as for G65 (simple call).
(c) The range of the G and N command values which can be used anew as variables in the
G66.1 mode is subject to the restrictions applying to values as normal NC command values.
(d) O, sequence numbers N and modal G codes are updated as modal information.
(4) G code macro call

User macro subprogram with prescribed program numbers can be called merely by issuing the G
code command.
Format ; G <argument> ;
G code for macro call
(a) The above instruction functions in the same way as the instructions below, and parameters
are set for each G code to determine the correspondence with the instructions.
a. M98P ;
b. G65P <argument> ;
c. G66P <argument> ;
d. G66.1P <argument> ;
When the parameters corresponding to c and d above are set, issue the cancel command
(G67) either in the user macro or after the call code has been commanded so as to cancel
the modal call.
184
(b) The correspondence between the " " which conducts the macro call and the program
number P of the macro to be called is set by parameter.
(c) Up to 10 G codes from G100 to G255 can be used with this instruction. (G01 to 99 can also
be used with parameter #120032 Gmac_P).
Note 1) G101 to G110 and G200 to G202 are user macro I codes, but if the parameters are
set as the G code call codes, the G code call will be the priority, and these codes
cannot be used for user macro I.
(d) These commands cannot be issued during a user macro subprogram which has been called
by a G code.
Program example
Program example O9016
G16X100. Y100. Z100. F500 ;
M99 ;
(5) Miscellaneous command macro call (for M, S, T, B code macro call)

The user macro subprogram of the specified program number can be called merely by issuing an
M (or S, T, B) code. (Only entered codes apply for M but all S, T and B codes apply.)
Format ; Mm ; (or Ss ;, Tt ;, Bb ;)
M code for macro call (or S, T, B code)
(a) The above instruction functions in the same way as the instructions below, and parameters
are set for each M code to determine the correspondence with the instructions. (Same for S,
T and B codes)
a. M98P ;
M98, Mm are not output
b. G65P Mm ;
c. G66P Mm ;
d. G66.1P Mm ;
When the parameters corresponding to c and d above are set, issue the cancel command
(G67) either in the user macro or after the call code has been commanded so as to cancel
the modal call.
(b) The correspondence between the "Mm" which conducts the macro call and the program
number P of the macro to be called is set by parameter. Up to 10 M codes from M00 to
M95 can be entered. Note that the codes to be registered are the codes basically required for
the machine, and codes excluding M0, M1, M2, M30 and M96 to M99.
(c) As with M98, it is displayed on the CRT screen of the setting and display unit but the M codes
and MF are not output.
185
(d) Even if the miscellaneous command entered above is issued during a user macro
subprogram called by the M code, macro call will not result and it will be handled as an
ordinary miscellaneous command.
(e) All S, T and B codes call the subprograms in the prescribed program numbers of the
corresponding S, T and B functions.
(6) Macro call command nesting depth

Up to 4 nesting levels are available for macro subprogram calls based on simple call or modal
call.
The argument with a macro call instruction is valid only on the called macro level. Since the
nesting depth for macro calls extends up to 4 levels, the argument can be used as a local variable
for the program with each respective macro call.
Note 1) When a G65, G66, G66.1 G code macro call or miscellaneous command macro call is
conducted, this is regarded as nesting level 1 and the level of the local variables is
also incremented by one.
Note 2) The designated user macro subprogram is called every time the movement command
is executed with modal call A. However, when the G66 command has been duplicated,
the next user macro subprogram is called every time an axis is moved even with
movement commands in the macro.
User macro subprograms are called in sequence from the subprogram commanded
last.
(Example 1)
Main program
User macro operation
G66Pp1; (p1 call) Macro p1
x1 y1 x2 M99
Zz1 ; After Z1 execution
Macro p2
G66Pp2; (p2 call)
x1 y1 x2 M99
Zz2 ; After Z2 execution
(p2 cancel)
G67 ; Macro p1 Macro p1 Macro p1
Macro p1
Zz3 ; x1 y1 x2 M99
After Z3 execution
G67 ; (p1 cancel)
Zz4 ;
Zz5 ;
186
(7) Local variables

When a macro is called out with the simple call (G65), modal call A (G66), modal call B (G66.1) or
G code/MSTB code call, the macro multiple (level) will increase by one. The local variable level
will also increase by one. The local variable is set if there is an argument in the corresponding
level when the macro program is called. The relation of the macro multiple (level) and local
variable level is shown below.
(Example 1) For multiple call
<When parameter is ON> Macro Macro Macro Macro

(level 1) (level 2) (level 3) (level 4)
Main program
Op1 ; Op2 ; Op3 ; Op4 ;
G65Pp1 ; G65Pp2 ; G65Pp3 ; G65Pp4 ;
M99 ; M99 ; M99 ; M99 ;
Local variable Local variable Local variable Local variable Local variable
(level 0) (level 1) (level 2) (level 3) (level 4)
#1 #1
: #1 #1 #1 :
: Argument : Argument : Argument : Argument :
(1) is set (1) is set (1) is set 1 is set
: : : : :
: : : : :
#33 : : : #33
#33 #33 #33
(Example 2) For continuous call

(a) Types stored in local variables in order of main program execution
Macro Macro
Main program (level 2)
(level 1)
Op2 ; Op1 ;
N1G66Pp1AaBb ; X#24 ; G00Z#1 ;

N2G65Pp2XxYy ; Y#25 ; G01Z#2 ;
M99 ;
M99 ;
Local variable Local variable Local variable Local variable

(level 0) (level 1) (level 1) (level 2)
#1 #1
#1 a #1
: #2 b #2 #2
: : : :
: #24 #24 x #24
: #25 #25 y #25
#33 : : :
#33 #33 #33
N1 block execution N2 block execut ion

In it ial ization -> st orag e In itial ization -> storag e
187
(b) Types stored in local variables in order of macro program call order
Macro
Macro
Main program (level 1) (level 2)
Op2 ; Op1 ;
N1G66Pp1AaBb ; X#24 ; G00Z#1 ;

N2G65Pp2XxYy ; Y#25 ; G01Z#2 ;
M99 ; M99 ;
Local variable Local variable Local variable

(level 0) (level 1) (level 2)
#1 #1 #1 a
: #2 #2 b
: : :
: #24 x #24
: #25 y #25
#33 : :
#33 #33
(Note) The set local variable is initialized with macro return (M99) when using simple call (G65).
When using modal call A (G66) or B (G66.1), the local variable is initialized with cancel
(G67).
The types (a) and (b) can be changed with the parameter (#110138 macro call LVAR type).
(8) Differences between M98 and G65 commands

M98 is simply a subprogram call command. Thus, observe the following points.
(a) The argument can be designated for G65 but not for M98.
(b) The sequence number can be designated for M98 but no for G65, G66 and G66.1.
(c) M98 executes a subprogram after all the commands except M, P, H and L in the M98 block
have been executed, but G65 branches to the subprogram without any further operation.
(d) When any address except O, N, P, H or L is included in the M98 block, single block stop
results. This is not the case with G65.
(e) The level of the M98 local variables is fixed but it can be varied in accordance with the
nesting depth for G65. (#1, for instance, has the same significance either before or after M98
but a different significance in each case with G65.)
(f) The M98 nesting depth extends up to 8 levels in combination with G65, G66 and G66.1. The
G65 nesting depth extends up to only 4 levels in combination with G66 and G66.1.
188
13.7.3 Variables
Both the variable specifications and user macro specifications are required for the variables which are
used with the user macros.
The offset amounts of the local, common and system variables among the variables for this MELDAS
NC system except #33 are retained even when the unit's power is turned OFF. (Common variables
can also be cleared by parameter #310004 Com-var RST clear.)
(1) Use of multiple variables

When the user macro specifications applied, variable numbers can be turned into variables
(multiple use of variables) or replaced by <formula>. Only one of the four basic arithmetic rule (+,
, , ) operations can be conducted with <formula>.
(Example 1) Multiple use of variables
#1 = 10 #10 = 20 #20 = 30 ; #[#[#1]] = #[#10] from #1 = 10.

#5 = #[#[#1]] ; #[#10] = #20 from #10 = 20.
Therefore, #5 = #20 or #5 = 30.
#1 = 20 #10 = 20 #20 = 30 #5 = 1000 ; #[#[#1]] = #[#10] from #1 = 10.
#[#[#1]] = #5 ; #[#10] = #20 from #10 = 20.
Therefore, #20 = #5 or #20 = 1000.
(Example 2) Example of multiple designation of variables
#10 = 5 <Formula> ##10 = 100; is handled in the same

In which case ##10 = 100 ; #5 = 100 manner as # [#10] = 100.
(Example 3) Replacing variable numbers with <formula>
#10 = 5 ;
#[#10 + 1] = 1000 ; In which case, #6 = 1000.
#[#10 1] = 1000 ; In which case, #4 = 1000.
#[#103] = 100 ; In which case, #15 = 100.
#[#10/2] = 100 ; In which case, #2 = 100.
(2) Undefined variables

Variables applying with the user macro specifications such as variables which have not been
used even once after the power was turned ON or local variables not quoted by the G65, G66 or
G66.1 commands can be used as <vacant>. Also, variables can forcibly be set to <vacant>.
Variable #0 is always used as the <vacant> variable and cannot be defined in the left-side
member.
(a) Arithmetic expressions

#1 = #0 ; ............................ #1 = <vacant>
#2 = #0 + 1 ;...................... #2 = 1
#3 = 1 + #0 ;...................... #3 = 1
#4 = #010 ; ...................... #4 = 0
#5 = #0 + #0 ;.................... #5 = 0
It should be borne in mind that <vacant> in an arithmetic expression is

handled in the same way as 0.
<Vacant> + <Vacant> = 0
<Vacant> + <Constant> = Constant
<Constant> + <Vacant> = Constant
189
(b) Variable quotations

When undefined variables only are quoted, they are ignored up to the address.
When #1 = <Vacant>
G0 X#1 Y1000 ; ................ Equivalent to G0 Y1000 ;
G0 X#1 + 10 Y1000 ; ........ Equivalent to G0 X10 Y1000 ;
(c) Conditional expressions

<Vacant> and 0 are not equivalent for EQ and NE only. (#0 means <vacant>.)
When #101 = <Vacant> When #101 = 0

#101 EQ #0 #101 EQ #0
<Vacant> = <Vacant> established 0 = <Vacant> not established
#101 NE 0 #101 NE 0
<Vacant> 0 established 0 0 not established
#101 GE #0 #101 GE #0
<Vacant> <Vacant> established 0 <Vacant> established
#101 GT 0 #101 GT 0
<Vacant> > 0 not established 0 > 0 not established
#101 LE #0 #101 LE #0
<Vacant> <Vacant> established 0 <Vacant> established
#101 LT 0 #101 LT 0
<Vacant> < 0 not established 0 < 0 not established
Note 1) EQ and NE should be used only for integers. For comparison of numeric values with
decimals, GE, GT, LE, and LT should be used.
List of condition establishment and establishment failure

(conditional expression containing non-defined variables)
Right side EQ NE GT LT GE LE
Con- Con- Con- Con- Con- Con-
Left side Blank Blank Blank Blank Blank Blank
stant stant stant stant stant stant
Blank { { { { {
Constant { { {
{ .........Conditional expression established

..........Conditional expression establishment failed
190
13.7.4 Types of variables
(1) Common variables

Common variables can be used commonly from any position. Number of the common variables
sets depends on the specifications. Refer to "13.6 Variable commands" for details.
(2) Local variables (#1 to #33)

These can be defined as an argument when a macro subprogram is called or used locally within
main programs and subprograms. They can be duplicated regardless of the relationship existing
between macros (up to 4 levels).
G65 Pp1 Ll1 <argument> ;
Where P1 = Program number

l1 = Number of repetitions
(Note) The argument is assumed to be Aa1 Bb1 Cc1 .............. Zz1.
The following table shows the correspondences between the addresses designated by argument
and the local variable numbers used in the user macro main bodies.
[Argument specification I]
Call Call
Local Local
command Argument command Argument
variable variable
G65 address G65 address
G66.1 number G66.1 number
G66 G66
A #1 Q #17
B #2 R #18
C #3 S #19
D #7 T #20
E #8 U #21
F #9 V #22
* G #10 W #23
H #11 X #24
I #4 Y #25
J #5 Z #26
K #6 #27
* L #12 #28
M #13 #29
* N #14 #30
O #15 #31
* P #16 #32
#33
" " in the above table denotes an argument address which cannot be used. However, provided
that the G66.1 mode has been established, an argument address denoted by the asterisk can be
added for use.
"" denotes that a corresponding address is not available.
191
[Argument specification II]

Argument
Variable in Argument specification Variable in
specification II
macro II address macro
address
A #1 I6 #19
B #2 J6 #20
C #3 K6 #21
I1 #4 I7 #22
J1 #5 J7 #23
K1 #6 K7 #24
I2 #7 I8 #25
J2 #8 J8 #26
K2 #9 K8 #27
I3 #10 I9 #28
J3 #11 J9 #29
K3 #12 K9 #30
I4 #13 I10 #31
J4 #14 J10 #32
K4 #15 K10 #33
I5 #16
J5 #17
K5 #18
Subscripts 1 to 10 for I, J, and K indicate the order of the specified command sets. They are not
required to specify instructions.
Local variables in subprograms can be defined by means of the <argument> designation during
macro call.
Main program Subprogram (9900)

#5=#4010;
G91G01X [#19COS [#1] ]
G65P9900A60.S100.F800; To subprogram Y [#19SIN [#1] ] F#9;
M02; M99;
Refer to the local

variables and control the
movement, etc.
Local variables set

by argument
A(#1)= 60.000
F(#9)= 800
Local variable
S(#19)= 100.000
data table
192
The local variables can be used freely in that subprogram.
Main program Subprogram (1)
#30=FUP [#2/#5/2] ;
G65 P1 A100. B50. J10. F500;
To subprogram #5=#2/#30/2 ;
M98H100L#30 ;
X#1 ;
M99 ;
Example of front surface milling N100 G1 X#1 F#9 ;
Y#5 ;
X-#1 ;
Y#5 ; The local variables
can be changed in
the subprogram.
B M99 ;
J
The local variables
Local variables set by argument can be changed in
the subprogram.
A
Local variable data table
A(#1) 100.000
B(#2) 50.000
F(#9) 500
J(#5) 10.000 8.333
(#30) 3
In the front surface milling example, argument J is programmed as the milling pitch 10.mm.
However, this is changed to 8.333mm to create an equal interval pitch.
The results of the No. of reciprocation data calculation is set in local variable #30.
193
Local variables can be used independently on each of the macro call levels (4 levels).
Local variables are also provided independently for the main program (macro level 0).
Arguments cannot be used for the level 0 local variables.
Main (level 0) O1 (macro level 1) O10 (macro level 2) O100 (macro level 3)
#1=0.1 #2=0.2 #3=0.3;
G65 P10A10. B20. C30.; G65 P100A100. B200.;

G65 P1A1. B2. C3.;
M02; M99; M99; M99;
Local variables (0) Local variables (1) Local variables (2) Local variables (3)
#1 0.100 A (#1) 1.000 A (#1) 10.000 A (#1) 100.000
#2 0.200 B (#2) 2.000 B (#2) 20.000 B (#2) 200.000
#3 0.300 C (#3) 3.000 C (#3) 30.000 C (#3)
D (#7) D (#7)
Z(#26) Z(#26) Z(#26)
#32 #32 #32 #32
The status of the local variables appear on the setting and display unit.
Refer to the Instruction Manual for details.
194
(3) Macro interface inputs (#1000 ~ #1041)

The status of the interface input signals can be ascertained by reading out the values of variable
numbers 1000 to 1041. A variable value which has been read out can be only one of 2 values: 1
or 0 (1: contact closed, 0: contact open). All the input signals from #1000 to #1031 can be read at
once by reading out the value of variable number 1032. Variable numbers #1000 to #1041 are for
readout only, and cannot be placed in the left side member of their arithmetic formula. Input here
refers to input to the control unit.
System No. of Interface input System No. of Interface input

variable points signal variable points signal
#1000 1 Register R124 bit 0 #1016 1 Register R125 bit 0
System No. of Interface input

variable points signal
#1032 32 Register R124, R125
#1033 32 Register R126, R127
#1034 32 Register R128, R129
#1035 32 Register R130, R131
#1036 32 Register R140, R141
#1037 32 Register R142, R143
#1038 32 Register R144, R145
#1039 32 Register R146, R147
#1040 32 Register R148, R149
#1041 32 Register R150, R151
195
(4) Macro interface outputs (#1100 ~ #1141)

The interface output signals can be sent by substituting values in variable numbers 1100 to 1141.
An output signal can be only 0 or 1.
All the output signals from #1100 to #1131 can be sent at once by substituting a value in variable
number 1132. (20 ~ 231)
The status of the writing and output signals can be read in order to offset the #1100 to #1141
output signals. Output here refers to the output from the NC.
System No. of Interface input System No. of Interface input

variable points signal variable points signal
System No. of Interface input

variable points signal
#1132 32 Register R24, R25
#1133 32 Register R26, R27
#1134 32 Register R28, R29
#1135 32 Register R30, R31
#1136 32 Register R40, R41
#1137 32 Register R42, R43
#1138 32 Register R44, R45
#1139 32 Register R46, R47
#1140 32 Register R48, R49
#1141 32 Register R50, R51
Note 1) The last values of the system variables #1100 to #1141 sent are retained as 1 or 0.
(They are not cleared even with resetting.)
Note 2) The following applies when any number except 1 or 0 is substituted into #1100 to
#1131.
<Vacant> is treated as 0.
Any number except 0 and <vacant> is treated as 1.
Any value less than 0.00000001 is indefinite.
196
Input signal (R124, R125)

#1032 (R72,R73) #1032(R172,R173)
#1132 (R24, R25)
Output signal
#1000 #1100
#1001 #1101
#1002 #1102
#1003 #1103
Read only Read/write
#1028 #1128
Macro instructions
#1029 #1129
#1030 #1130
#1031 #1131
32 bit (R126, R127) 32 bit

(R26, R27)
#1033 #1133
(R128, R129) (R28, R29)
#1034 #1134
#1035 #1135
(R130, R131) (R30, R31)
(5) Normal line control parameter (#1900, #1901)

The normal line control C axis turning diameter and normal line control C axis insertion diameter
can be read and written with the variable numbers #1900 and #1901.
Variable No. Details

#1900 Machining parameter "#330015 Normal C axis turn R"
#1901 Machining parameter "#330016 Norm C insrt radius"
(6) Tool offset
Variable number range Type 1 Type 2

#10001 ~ #10000 + n #2001 ~ #2000 + n (Length dimension)
#11001 ~ #11000 + n #2201 ~ #2200 + n (Length wear)
#16001 ~ #16000 + n #2401 ~ #2400 + n (Radius dimension)
#17001 ~ #17000 + n #2601 ~ #2600 + n (Radius wear)
197
Tool data can be read and values substituted using the variable numbers.
Either the numbers in the #10000 order or #2000 order can be used.
The last 3 digits of the variable numbers correspond to the tool offset number.
n corresponds to the No. of tool offset sets.
If there are 4000 tool offset sets and type 2 is being used, avoid variable Nos. in the #2000 order,
and instead use the #10000 order.
The tool offset data are configured as data with a decimal point in the same way as for other
variables. Consequently, this decimal point must be commanded when data below the decimal
point is to be entered.
Programming example Common variables Tool offset data
#101=1000; #101=1000.0
#10001=#101; After
execution H1=1000.000
#102=#10001; #102=1000.0
(Example 1) Calculation and tool offset data setting
G28Z0T01 ; Zero point return #1

Tool change (spindle T01)
M06 ; G00
Start point memory H1
#1=#5003 ; G31
Rapid traverse to safety
G00 Z-500. ; position #5063
G31 Z-100. F100; Skip measurement

Measured distance
#10001=#5063-#1 ; Sensor
calculation and tool offset
data setting
Note) In this example, no consideration is given to the delay in the skip sensor signal.
#5003 is the Z-axis start point position and #5063 is the Z-axis skip coordinates, and
indicated is the position at which the skip signal is input while G31 is being executed.
198
(7) Workpiece coordinate system offset

By using variable numbers 5201 to 5324, it is possible to read out the workpiece coordinate
system offset data or to substitute values.
Note) The number of axes which can be controlled differs according to the specifications.
Axis No.
Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Axis 4 Remarks
Axis name
External workpiece External workpiece offset
#5201 #5202 #5203 #5204
offset specifications are required.
G54 #5221 #5222 #5223 #5224
G55 #5241 #5242 #5243 #5244
G56 #5261 #5262 #5263 #5264
G57 #5281 #5282 #5283 #5284
G58 #5301 #5302 #5303 #5304
G59 #5321 #5322 #5323 #5324
(Example
(Example 1)
N1
N1 G28 X0Y0Z0 ; -90. -20.
N2 #5221=-20. #5222=-20. ;
N3 G90 G00 G54 X0 Y0 ; N3
-10.
W1 N11 -20.
W1
N10 #5221=-90. #5222=-10. ; G54 workpiece
G54 work coordinate
N11 G90 G00 G54 X0Y0 ; system defined
coordinate by
system
N10
defined by N10 G54
G54workpiece
work coordinate
coordinate system
system defined by
defined
N2 by N2
M02 ;
(Example
(Example 2) Base machine coordinate system
External workpiece offset
M
G55
G54
Coordinate system W2 (G55)

before change
W1 (G54)
N100 #5221=#5221+#5201 ;
#5222=#5222+#5202 ;
#5241=#5241+#5201 ;
#5242=#5242+#5202 ; Base machine coordinate system
#5201=0 #5202=0;
M
G55
G54
Coordinate system
after change
W2 (G55)
W1 (G54)
This is an example where the external workpiece offset values are added to the workpiece
coordinate (G54, G55) system offset values without changing the position of the workpiece
coordinate systems.
199
(8) Extended workpiece coordinate system offset

The extended workpiece coordinate system offset data can be read, and values can be
substituted using the variable numbers 7000 to 7944.
(Note) This is valid when the extended workpiece coordinate system specifications are provided.
Axis 1 to Axis 4 Axis 1 to Axis 4

P1 #7001 to #7004 P25 #7481 to #7484
P2 #7021 to #7024 P26 #7501 to #7504
P3 #7041 to #7044 P27 #7521 to #7524
P4 #7061 to #7064 P28 #7541 to #7544
P5 #7081 to #7084 P29 #7561 to #7564
P6 #7101 to #7104 P30 #7581 to #7584
P7 #7121 to #7124 P31 #7601 to #7604
P8 #7141 to #7144 P32 #7621 to #7624
P9 #7161 to #7164 P33 #7641 to #7644
P10 #7181 to #7184 P34 #7661 to #7664
P11 #7201 to #7204 P35 #7681 to #7684
P12 #7221 to #7224 P36 #7701 to #7704
P13 #7241 to #7244 P37 #7721 to #7724
P14 #7261 to #7264 P38 #7741 to #7744
P15 #7281 to #7284 P39 #7761 to #7764
P16 #7301 to #7304 P40 #7781 to #7784
P17 #7321 to #7324 P41 #7801 to #7804
P18 #7341 to #7344 P42 #7821 to #7824
P19 #7361 to #7364 P43 #7841 to #7844
P20 #7381 to #7384 P44 #7861 to #7864
P21 #7401 to #7404 P45 #7881 to #7884
P22 #7421 to #7424 P46 #7901 to #7904
P23 #7441 to #7444 P47 #7921 to #7924
P24 #7461 to #7464 P48 #7941 to #7944
200
(9) Alarm (#3000)

The NC system can be forcibly set to the alarm state by using variable number 3000.
Command format
#3000 = 70 (CALL#PROGRAMMER#TEL#530) :
Alarm message
Alarm number
Any alarm number from 1 to 9999 can be specified.

The alarm message must be less than 31 characters long.
The "PR0277 Macro alarm message" appears in the <alarm> column on diagnosis screen 1 while
the alarm number and alarm message CALL #PROGRAMMER #TEL#530 is indicated in the
<operator message>.
Example of program (alarm when #1 = 0)

<Alarm>
P277 : Macro
PR0277: Macroalarm message
alarm message
IF [#1 NE 0] GOTO 100 ;
#3000=70(CALL#PROGRAMMER#TEL#530) ; Stops with
NC alarm
N100 <Operator message>
CALL#PROGRAMMER#TEL#530 70
Note 1) Alarm number 0 is not displayed and any number exceeding 9999 cannot be
indicated.
Note 2) The characters following the first alphabet letter in the right member is treated as the
alarm message. Therefore, a number cannot be designated as the first character of
an alarm message. It is recommended that the alarm messages be enclosed in round
parentheses.
201
(10) Integrating (run-out) time (#3001, #3002)

The integrating (run-out) time can be read during automatic operation or automatic start or values
can be substituted by using variable numbers 3001 and 3002.
Contents when
Variable Initialization of
Type Unit power is turned Count condition
number contents
ON
Integrating At all times while
3001 Same as when
(run-out) time 1 Value substituted power is ON
1ms power is turned
Integrating for variable
3002 OFF In-automatic start
(run-out) time 2
The integrating run time returns to zero in about 2.44 1011 ms (approximately 7.7 years).
O9010
(allowable
#3001=0 ;
(allowabletime)
G65P9010T time) ms; To WHILE [#3001LE#20] DO1 ;
subprogram
END1 :
M99 ;
Entered in local
Local variable
Allowable time portion :
variable #20 DO1-END is repeated and when allowable
T#20
time is reached, operations jumps to M99.
(11) Suppression of single block stop and miscellaneous function finish signal waiting
By substituting the values below in variable number 3003, it is possible to suppress single block
stop in the subsequent blocks or to advance to the next block without waiting for the
miscellaneous function (M, S, T, B) finish (FIN) signal.
#3003 Single block stop Miscellaneous function finish signal

0 Not suppressed Awaited
1 Suppressed Awaited
2 Not suppressed Not awaited
3 Suppressed Not awaited
Note 1) #3003 is cleared to zero by NC reset.
202
(12) Feed hold, feedrate override, G09 valid/invalid

By substituting the values below in variable number 3004, it is possible to make the feed hold,
feedrate override and G09 functions either valid or invalid in the subsequent blocks.
#3004 Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2

Contents (value) Feed hold Feedrate override G09 check
0 Valid Valid Valid
1 Invalid Valid Valid
2 Valid Invalid Valid
3 Invalid Invalid Valid
4 Valid Valid Invalid
5 Invalid Valid Invalid
6 Valid Invalid Invalid
7 Invalid Invalid Invalid
Note 1) Variable number #3004 is set to zero by NC reset.

Note 2) The functions are valid when the above bits are 0 and invalid when they are 1.
(13) Message display and stop

By using variable number 3006, the execution is stopped after the previous block has been
executed and, if message display data have been commanded, then the corresponding message
will be indicated.
Command format
#3006 = 1 ( TAKE FIVE ) :

Message
The message should not be longer than 31 characters and it should be enclosed within round
( ) parentheses.
(14) Mirror image

By reading variable number 3007, it is possible to ascertain the status of mirror image at a
particular point in time for each axis.
The axes correspond to the bits of #3007. When the bits are 0, it means that the mirror image
function is not valid; when they are 1, it means that it is valid.
#3007
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
nth axis 4 3 2 1
203
(15) Miscellaneous function lock state

The miscellaneous function lock state can be seen by reading the variable number #3008.
The #3008 details indicate the following:
0: Miscellaneous function lock OFF
1: Miscellaneous function lock ON
The ON/OFF status of the miscellaneous function lock is determined by the miscellaneous
function lock signal (Y75A) and miscellaneous function lock invalid (#3009).
Miscellaneous function lock signal (Y75A) OFF ON OFF ON
Miscellaneous function lock invalid OFF OFF ON ON
(#3009)
Miscellaneous function lock state (#3008) OFF ON OFF OFF
(16) Miscellaneous function lock invalid

By substituting the following values in the variable number #3009, the miscellaneous function lock
signal (Y75A) can be validated and invalidated in the following blocks.
#3009 Bit 0
Details Miscellaneous function lock
0 Valid
1 Invalid
(Note) #3009 is set to 0 when reset.
(17) Clock function

The current time (year, month, date, hour, minute, second) can be read and written using the
variable numbers #3011 and #3012.
Type Variable number Example) For 18 hours, 27 minutes, 52

seconds on May 14, 1992
Year, month, date #3011
#3011 = 19920514 ;
Hour, minute, second #3012 #3012 = 182752 ;
204
(18) G command modals

Using variable numbers 4001 to 4021, it is possible to read the G modal commands which have
been issued up to the block immediately before.
Similarly, it is possible to read the modals in the block being executed with variable numbers
#4201 to #4221.
Variable number
Function
Pre-read block Execution block
#4001 #4201 Interpolation mode : G00:0, G01:1, G02:2, G03:3
#4002 #4202 Plane selection : G17:17, G18:18, G19:19
#4003 #4203 Absolute/incremental : G90:90, G91:91
#4004 #4204 No variable No.
#4005 #4205 Feed designation : G94:94, G95:95
#4006 #4206 Inch/metric : G20:20, G21:21
#4007 #4207 Tool nose R compensation : G40:40, G41:41, G42:42
#4008 #4208 Tool length offset : G43:43, G44:44, G49:49
Fixed cycle : G80:80, G73~74:73~74, G76:76,
#4009 #4209
G81~G89:81~89
#4010 #4210 Return level : G98:98, G99:99
#4011 #4211 Scaling : G50:50, G51:51
#4012 #4212 Workpiece coordinate system: G54~G59:54~59
#4013 #4213 Acceleration/deceleration : G61~G64:61~64
#4014 #4214 Macro modal call : G66:66, G66.1:66.1, G67:67
Normal line control : G40.1:40.1, G41.1:41.1,
#4015 #4215
G42.1:42.1
#4016 #4216 Coordinate rotation : G68:68, G69:69
#4017 #4217
#4018 #4218
#4019 #4219 Mirror image : G50.1:50.1, G51.1:51.1
#4020 #4220
#4021 #4221
(Example)
G28 X0 Y0 Z0 ;
G90 G1 X100. F1000;
G91 G65 P300 X100. Y100.;
M02;
O300;
#1 = #4003; Group 3G modal (pre-read) #1 = 91.0
#2 = #4203; Group 3G modal (now being executed) #2 = 90.0
G#1X#24Y#25;
M99;
%
205
(19) Other modals

Using variable numbers 4101 to 4120, it is possible to read the model commands assigned up to
the block immediately before.
Similarly, it is possible to read the modals in the block being executed with variable numbers
#4301 to #4320.
Variable number Variable number

Modal information Modal information
Pre-read Execution Pre-read Execution
#4101 #4301 #4111 #4311 Tool length offset No.H
#4102 #4302 #4112 #4312
#4103 #4303 #4113 #4313 Miscellaneous function M
#4104 #4304 #4114 #4314 Sequence number N
#4105 #4305 #4115 #4315 Program number O
#4106 #4306 #4116 #4316
Tool radius
#4107 #4307 compensation No. D
#4117 #4317
#4108 #4308 #4118 #4318
#4109 #4309 Feedrate F #4119 #4319 Spindle function S
#4110 #4310 #4120 #4320 Tool function T
(20) Position information

Using variable numbers 5001 to 5104, it is possible to read the servo deviation amounts, tool
position offset amount, skip coordinates, workpiece coordinates, machine coordinates and end
point coordinates in the block immediately before.
Position End point Tool

information coordinate Servo
Machine Workpiece Skip position
of block deviation
immediately coordinate coordinate coordinate offset
amount
Axis No. before amount
1 #5001 #5021 #5041 #5061 #5081 #5101

2 #5002 #5022 #5042 #5062 #5082 #5102
3 #5003 #5023 #5043 #5063 #5083 #5103
4 #5004 #5024 #5044 #5064 #5084 #5104
Remarks (reading
Yes No No Yes No Yes
during movement)
Note 1) The number of axes which can be controlled differs according to the specifications.
Note 2) The tool position offset position is the value obtained with only the G45 to G48
position compensation amount.
206
1) The positions of the end point coordinates and skip coordinates are positions in the workpiece
coordinate system.
2) The end point coordinates, skip coordinates and servo deviation amounts can be read even
during movement. However, it must first be checked that movement has stopped before reading
the machine coordinates and the workpiece coordinates.
3) The position where the skip signal is turned ON in the G31 block is indicated for the skip
coordinates. The end point position is indicated when the skip signal has not been turned ON.
(For further details, refer to the section on tool length measurement.)
4) The tool nose position where the tool offset and other such factors are not considered is indicated
as the end point position. The tool reference point position with consideration given to tool offset is
indicated for the machine coordinates, workpiece coordinates and skip coordinates.
Basic machine coordinate system M
Workpiece coordinate
Work coordinatesystem
system W
G00 Read
command
Gauge, etc.
G01
Skip coordinates
Read
command
[End point
coordinates]
W Workpiece
Work coordinate
system
coordinate system
[Work
[Workpiece
coordinates]
coordinates]
Machine coordinate
system
[Machine M
coordinates]
Skip signal
G31
F (feedrate)
W Workpiece
Work coordinate
coordinate system
[Workpiece system
[Input coordinates [Work For " ", check stop and
coordinates]
coordinates] then proceed to read.
of skip signal] Machine coordinate
system For " ", reading is
M possible during movement.
[Machine coordinates]
The position of the skip signal input coordinates is the position in the workpiece coordinate
system. The coordinates in variable numbers #5061 to #5064 memorize the moments when the
skip input signal during movement was input and so they can be read at any subsequent time.
For further details, reference should be made to the section on the skip function.
207
(Example 1) Example of workpiece position measurement

An example to measure the distance from the measured reference point to the workpiece
edge is shown below.
Argument
<Local variable> O9031
F(#9) 200
X(#24)100.000 N1 #180=#4003;
Main program Y(#25)100.000 N2 #30=#5001 #31=#5002;
Z(#26) -10.000 N3 G91 G01 Z#26 F#9;
N4 G31 X#24 Y#25 F#9;
N5 G90 G00 X#30 Y#31;
G65P9031X100.Y100.Z-10.F200; To subprogram N6 #101=#30-#5061 #102=#31-#5062;
N7 #103=SQR [#101#101+#102*#102] ;
<Common variable> N8 G91 G01Z-#26;
#101 87.245 N9 IF [#180 EQ 91] GOTO 11;
#102 87.245 N10 G90;
#103 123.383 N11 M99;
Skip input
Start point N4 #102
Z N8 N3 #103
N5
Y #101
X
#101 X axis measurement amount N1 G90/G91 modal recording

#102 X axis measurement amount N2 X, Y start point recording
#103 Measurement linear segment N3 Z axis entry amount
amount N4 X, Y measurement (Stop at skip input)
#5001 X axis measurement start point N5 Return to X, Y start point
#5002 Y axis measurement start point N6 X, Y measurement incremental value
calculation
N7 Measurement linear segment calculation
#5061 X axis skip input point N8 Z axis escape
#5062 Y axis skip input point N9, N10 G90/G91 modal return
N11 Subprogram return
(Example 2) Reading of skip input coordinates
-X -150 -75 -25 Y X
N1 G91G28X0Y0;
N2 G90G00X0Y0;
N3 X0Y-100.; -50
N4 G31X-150.Y-50.F80;
N5 #111=#5061#112=#5062; -75
N6 G00Y0;
N7 G31X0; -100
N8 #121=#5061#122=#5062; -Y
N9 M02;
Skip signal
#111 = 75. + #112 = 75. +

#121 = 25. + #122 = 75. +
is the error caused by response delay. (Refer to the section on the skip function for details.)
#122 is the N4 skip signal input coordinates as there is no Y command at N7.
208
(21) Mirror image

The external, parameter, G command mirror image valid axis and each axis center coordinate
value can be read with variable numbers #30000 to #30056.

#30000 External mirror image valid axis
bit 0: 1st axis external mirror image valid axis
bit 1: 2nd axis external mirror image valid axis
.
.
bit 15: 16th axis external mirror image valid axis
#30001 1st axis external mirror image center coordinate value
#30002 2nd axis external mirror image center coordinate value
. .
. .
#30016 16th axis external mirror image center coordinate value
#30020 Parameter mirror image valid axis
bit 0: 1st axis parameter mirror image valid axis
bit 1: 2nd axis parameter mirror image valid axis
.
.
bit 15: 16th axis parameter mirror image valid axis
#30021 1st axis parameter mirror image center coordinate value
#30022 2nd axis parameter mirror image center coordinate value
. .
. .
#30036 16th axis parameter mirror image center coordinate value
#30040 G command mirror image valid axis
bit 0: 1st axis G command mirror image valid axis
bit 1: 2nd axis G command mirror image valid axis
.
.
bit15: 16th axis G command mirror image valid axis
#30041 1st axis G command mirror image center coordinate value
#30042 2nd axis G command mirror image center coordinate value
. .
. .
#30056 16th axis G command mirror image center coordinate value
209
(22) Coordinate rotation

The parameter and program coordinate rotation information can be read using the variable
numbers #30060 to 30076.
#30060 Parameter coordinate rotation center horizontal axis No.
#30061 Parameter coordinate rotation center vertical axis No.
#30062 Parameter coordinate rotation center coordinate value horizontal axis
#30063 Parameter coordinate rotation center coordinate value vertical axis
#30064 Parameter coordinate rotation angle
#30065 Parameter coordinate rotation SIN data
#30066 Parameter coordinate rotation COS data
#30067 Parameter coordinate rotation horizontal axis length
#30068 Parameter coordinate rotation vertical axis length
#30070 Program coordinate rotation center horizontal axis No.
#30071 Program coordinate rotation center vertical axis No.
#30072 Program coordinate rotation center coordinate value horizontal axis
#30073 Program coordinate rotation center coordinate value vertical axis
#30074 Program coordinate rotation angle
#30075 Program coordinate rotation SIN data
#30076 Program coordinate rotation COS data
(23) Scaling
The scaling information can be read using the variable numbers #30080 to #30097
#30080 Scaling valid axis
bit 0: 1st axis scaling valid
bit 2: 2nd axis scaling valid
.
.
bit 15: 16th axis scaling valid
#30081 1st axis scaling center coordinate value
#30082 2nd axis scaling center coordinate value
. .
. .
#30096 16th axis scaling center coordinate value
#30097 Scaling magnification
210
(24) Variable name setting and quotation

Any name (variable name) can be given to common variables #500 to #519. It must be composed
of not more than 7 alphanumerics and it must begin with a letter. Do not use "#" in variable names.
It causes an alarm when the program is executed.
Command format
SETVN n [ NAME1, NAME2, ] :

Head number of variable to be named
#n name (variable name)
#n + 1 name (variable name)
:
Variable names are separated by a comma (,).
(a) Once variable names have been set, they will not be cleared even when the power is turned
OFF.
(b) Variables in programs can be quoted by their variable names. In cases like this, the variables
should be enclosed in square parentheses.
(Example 1) G01X [#POINT1] ;

[#NUMBER] = 25 ;
(c) The variable numbers, data and variable names appear on the screen of the setting and
display unit.
(Example 2) Program ...... SETVN500 [A234567, DIST, TOOL25] ;
[Common variables]
#500 -12345.678 A234567
#501 5670.000 DIST
#502 -156.500 TOOL25
#518 10.000 NUMBER

Common variable #(502) Data (-156.5) Name (TOOL25)
211
13.7.5 Arithmetic commands
A variety of arithmetic operations can be performed between variables.

#i = <formula>
<Formula> is a combination of constants, variables, functions and operators.
Constants can be used instead of #j and #k below.
(1) Definition and #i = #j Definition, substitution

substitution of
variables
(2) Addition arithmetic #i = #j + #k Addition
#i = #j #k Subtraction
#i = #j OR #k Logical sum (at every bit of 32 bits)
#i = #j XOR #k Exclusive OR (at every bit of 32 bits)
(3) Multiplication #i = #j #k Multiplication
arithmetic #i = #j / #k Division
#i = #j MOD #k Remainder
#i = #j AND #k Logical product (at every bit of 32 bits)
(4) Functions #i = SIN [#k] Sine
#i = COS [#k] Cosine
#i = TAN [#k] Tangent (sin/cos used for tan)
#i = ATAN [#j] Arctangent (ATAN or ATN may be
used)
#i = ACOS [#j] Arc-cosine
#i = SQRT [#k] Square root
(SQRT or SQR may be used)
#i = ABS [#k] Absolute value
#i = BIN [#k] Conversion from BCD to BIN
#i = BCD [#k] Conversion from BIN to BCD
#i = ROUND [#k] Rounding off
(ROUND or RND may be used)
#i = FIX [#k] Discard fractions less than 1
#i = FUP [#k] Add for fractions less than 1
#i = LN [#k] Natural logarithm
#i = EXP [#k] Exponent with e (=2.718 .....) as bottom
Note 1) A value without a decimal point is basically treated as a value with a decimal point at the
end (1 = 1.000).
Note 2) Offset amounts from #10001 and workpiece coordinate system offset values from #5201
are handled as data with a decimal point. Consequently, data with a decimal point will be
produced even when data without a decimal point have been defined in the variable
numbers.
(Example)
#101 = 1000 ;
#101 1000.000
#10001 = #101 ;
#102 1000.000
#102 = #10001 ;
Note 3) The <formula> after a function must be enclosed in the square parentheses.
212
(1) Sequence of arithmetic operations

The sequence of the arithmetic operations (1) to (3) is, respectively, the functions followed by the
multiplication arithmetic followed in turn by the addition arithmetic.
#101 = #111 + #112SIN[#113]

(1) Function
(2) Multiplication arithmetic
(3) Addition arithmetic
(2) Designation of arithmetic operation sequence

The part to be given priority in the operation sequence should be enclosed in square parentheses.
Up to 5 pairs of such parentheses including those for the functions may be used.
#101 = SQRT [ [ [ #111 = #112 ] SIN[#113] + #114] #15] ;
First pair of parentheses
Second pair of parentheses

Third pair of parentheses
(3) Examples of arithmetic commands

(1) Main Program G65 P100 A10 B20.; #1 10.0000
and argument #101 = 100.000 #102 = #2 20.0000
designation 200.000 ; #101 100.0000
#102 200.0000
(2) Definition and #1 = 1000 #1 1000.0000
substitution (=) #2 = 1000. #2 1000.0000
#3 = #101 #3 100.0000 From common
#4 = #102 #4 200.0000 variables
#5 = #5041 #5 -10.0000 From offset
amount
(3) Addition and #11 = #1 + 1000 #11 2000.0000
subtraction (+,-) #12 = #2 50. #12 950.0000
#13 = #101 + #1 #13 1100.0000
#14 = #5041 3. #14 -13.0000
#15 = #5041 + #102 #15 190.0000
(4) Logical sum #3 = 100 #3 = 01100100
(OR) #4 = #3OR14 14 = 00001110
#4 = 01101110 = 110
(5) Exclusive OR #3 = 100 #3 = 01100100
(XOR) #4 = #3XOR14 14 = 00001110
#4 = 01101010 = 106
213
(6) Multiplication #21 = 100100 #21 10000.0000

and division (,/) #22 = 100.100 #22 10000.0000
#23 = 100100 #23 10000.0000
#24 = 100.100. #24 10000.0000
#25 = 100/100 #25 1.0000
#26 = 100./100. #26 1.0000
#27 = 100/100. #27 1.0000
#28 = 100./100. #28 1.0000
#29 = #5041#101 #29 -1000.0000
#30 = #5041/#102 #30 -0.0500
Remainder #31 = #19MOD#20 #19/#20 = 48/9 = 5 with 3 over
(MOD)
(7) Logical product #9 = 100 #9 = 01100100
(AND) #10 = #9AND15 15 = 00001111
#10 = 00000100 = 4
(8) Sin (SIN) #501 = SIN [60] #501 0.860
#502 = SIN [60.] #502 0.860
#503 = 1000SIN [60] #503 866.0254
#504 = 1000SIN [60.] #504 866.0254
#505 = 1000.SIN [60] #505 866.0254
#506 = 1000.SIN [60.] #506 866.0254
Note: SIN [60] is equivalent
to SIN [60.]
(9) Cosine (COS) #541 = COS [45] #541 0.7071
#542 = COS [45.] #542 0.7071
#543 = 1000COS [45] #543 707.1068
#544 = 1000COS [45.] #544 707.1068
#545 = 1000.COS [45] #545 707.1068
#546 = 1000.COS [45.] #546 707.1068
Note: COS [45] is equivalent to
COS [45.]
(10) Tangent (TAN) #551 = TAN [60] #551 1.7321
#552 = TAN [60.] #552 1.7321
#553 = 1000TAN [60] #553 1732.0508
#554 = 1000TAN [60.] #554 1732.0508
#555 = 1000.TAN [60] #555 1732.0508
#556 = 1000.TAN [60.] #556 1732.0508
Note: TAN [60] is equivalent to
TAN [60.]
(11) Arctangent #561 = ATAN [173205/100000] #561 60.0000
(ATAN or ATN) #562 = ATAN [173205/100.] #562 60.0000
#563 = ATAN [173.205/100000] #563 60.0000
#564 = ATAN [173.205/100.] #564 60.0000
#565 = ATAN [1.732] #565 59.9993
(12) Arc-cosine #521 = ACOS [100./141.421] #521 44.9999
(ACOS) #522 = ACOS [100./141.421] #522 44.9999
#523 = ACOS [1000./1414.213] #523 45.0000
#524 = ACOS [10./14.142] #524 44.9995
#525 = ACOS [0.707] #525 45.0087
214
(13) Square root #571 = SQRT [1000] #571 31.6228

(SQR or SQRT) #572 = SQRT [1000.] #572 31.6228
#573 = SQRT [10.10.+20.20.] #573 22.3607
#574 = #574 190.4442
SQRT[#14#14+#15#15]
Note: In order to increase the
accuracy, proceed with
the operation inside
parentheses.
(14) Absolute value #576 = -1000 #576 -1000.0000
(ABS) #577 = ABS [#576] #577 1000.0000
#3 = 70.#4 = -50.
#580 = ABS [#4 - #3] #580 120.0000
(15) BIN, BCD #1 = 100
#11 = BIN [#1] #11 64.0000
#12 = BCD [#1] #12 256.0000
(16) Rounding off #21 = ROUND [14/3] #21 5.0000
(ROUND or #22 = ROUND [14./3] #22 5.0000
RND) #23 = ROUND [14/3.] #23 5.0000
#24 = ROUND [14./3.] #24 5.0000
#25 = ROUND [-14/3] #25 -5.0000
#26 = ROUND [-14./3] #26 -5.0000
#27 = ROUND [-14/3.] #27 -5.0000
#28 = ROUND [-14./3.] #28 -5.0000
(17) Discarding #21 = FIX [14/3] #21 4.0000
fractions below #22 = FIX [14./3] #22 4.0000
decimal point #23 = FIX [14/3.] #23 4.0000
(FIX) #24 = FIX[14./3.] #24 4.0000
#25 = FIX [-14/3] #25 -4.0000
#26 = FIX [-14./3] #26 -4.0000
#27 = FIX [-14/3.] #27 -4.0000
#28 = FIX [-14./3.] #28 -4.0000
(18) Adding fractions #21 = FUP [14/3] #21 5.0000
less than 1 #22 = FUP [14./3] #22 5.0000
(FUP) #23 = FUP [14/3.] #23 5.0000
#24 = FUP [14./3.] #24 5.0000
#25 = FUP [-14/3] #25 -5.0000
#26 = FUP [-14./3] #26 -5.0000
#27 = FUP [-14/3.] #27 -5.0000
#28 = FUP [-14./3.] #28 -5.0000
(19) Natural #101 = LN [5] #101 1.6094
logarithms (LN) #102 = LN [0.5] #102 -0.6931
#103 = LN [-5] Error "PR0282"
(20) Exponents #104 = EXP [2] #104 7.3891
(EXP) #105 = EXP [1] #105 2.7183
#106 = EXP [-2] #106 0.1353
215
13.7.6 Control commands
The flow of programs can be controlled by IF-GOTO- and WHILE-DO-.
(1) Branching
Format : IF [conditional expression] GOTO n; (n = sequence number in the program)
When the condition is satisfied, control branches to "n" and when it is not satisfied, the next block
is executed.
IF [conditional expression] can be omitted and, when it is, control passes to "n" unconditionally.
The following types of [conditional expressions] are available.
#i EQ #j = When #i and #j are equal

#i NE #j When #i and #j are not equal
#i GT #j > When #i is greater than #j
#i LT #j < When #i is less than #j
#i GE #j When #i is #j or more
#i LE #j When #i is #j or less
"n" of GOTO n must always be in the same program. Alarm "PR0231 No sequence No." will result
if it is not. A formula or variable can be used instead of #i, #j and "n".
In the block with sequence number "n" which will be executed after a GOTO n command, the
sequence number must always be at the head of the block.
Otherwise, alarm "PR0231 No sequence No." will result.
If "/" is at the head of the block and Nn follows, control can be branched to the sequence number.
N10 #22=#20 #23=#21;

IF [#2 EQ1] GOTO100; Branching to
#22=#20-#3; N100 when Branch
Branch
search
search
#23=#21-#4; content of #2 is 1
With
N100 X#22 Y#23; N100 N10
#1=#1+1;
To
head
Note 1) When the sequence number of the branch destination is searched, the search is
conducted up to the end of the program (% code) from the block following IF ... ; and if
it is not found, it is then conducted from the top of the program to the block before
IF ... ;. Therefore, branch searches in the opposite direction to the program flow will
take longer to execute compared with branch searches in the forward direction.
Note 2) EQ and NE should be used only for integers. For comparison of numeric values with
decimals, GE, GT, LE, and LT should be used.
216
(2) Iteration
Format : WHILE [conditional expression] DOm ; (m = 1, 2, 3 ..... 127)
~
END m ;
While the conditional expression is established, the blocks from the following block to ENDm are
repeatedly executed; when it is not established, execution moves to the block after ENDm. DOm
may come before WHILE, WHILE [conditional expression] DOm and ENDm must be used as a
pair. IF WHILE [conditional expression] is omitted, these blocks will be repeatedly ad infinitum.
The repeating identification numbers range from 1 to 127 (DO1, DO2, DO3, ....... DO127). Up to
27 nesting levels can be used.
(1) Same identifier number can be used any (2) Any number may be used for the WHILE
number of times. DOm identifier number.
WHILE ~ DO1 ;
~
END1 ;
WHILE ~ DO1 ;
~
Possible WHILE ~ DO3 ;
~
END1 ;
END3 ;
~
Possible
WHILE ~ DO1 ; WHILE ~ DO2 ;
~
Possible END2 ;
END1 ;
~
WHILE ~ DO1 ;
~
END1 ;
(3) Up to 27 nesting levels for WHILE DOm. "m" (4) The number of WHILE DOm nesting levels
is any number from 1 to 127 for the nesting cannot exceed 27.
depth.
DO1 WHILE ~ DO1 ;
WHILE ~ DO1 ;
~
DO2 WHILE ~ DO2 ;

WHILE ~ DO2 ; :
: WHILE ~ DO3 ;
Possible
WHILE~DO27; DO27
Not possible
WHILE ~ DO28;
~
END 28;
~
END 27 ;
END 3 ;
:
:
END 2 ; END 2 ;
~
END 1 ;
END 1 ;
Note : With nesting, "m" which has been used

once cannot be used.
217
(5) WHILE DOm must be designated first and (6) WHILE DOm and ENDm must correspond
ENDm last. on a 1:1 (pairing) basis in the same program.
WHILE ~ DO1 ;
END 1 ;
Not Not
possible WHILE ~ DO1 ;
possible
WHILE ~ DO1 ;
END 1 ;
(7) Two WHILE DOm's must not overlap. (8) Branching externally is possible from the
WHILE DOm range.

~ ~
Not
possible WHILE ~ DO2 ; IF ~ GOTOn ;
END 1 ; END 1 ;
Possible
~
END 2 ;
Nn
(9) No branching is possible inside WHILE (10) Subprograms can be called by M98, G65 or
DOm. G66 between WHILE DOm's.
WHILE~DO1; Main program Subprogram
IF~GOTOn;
Not possible
IF~GOTOn;
Not possible
WHILE~DO1;
WHILE~DO1; WHILE~DO02;
Possible
END1; G65
To subprogram
P100;
WHILE~DO1; END2;
Nn;
END1;
Nn;
M02; M99;
END1; END1;
(11) Calls can be initiated by G65 or G66 between (12) A program error will occur at M99 if WHILE
WHILE DOm's and commands can be and END are not paired in the subprogram
issued again from 1. Up to 27 nesting levels (including macro subprogram).
are possible for the main program and
Main program Subprogram
subprograms.
WHILE
Main program Subprogram M98 To subprogram ~DO1;
P100;
~
M99;
M02;
Possible
G65 P100 ; To subprogram

Don ENDn
~
END 1 ; constitutes
illegal usage.
END 1 ;
~
M02 ; M99 ;
Note) As the fixed cycles G73 and G83 and the special fixed cycle G34 use WHILE, these will be
added multiple times.
218
13.7.7 External output commands
(1) Outline
The external output commands are designed to output the variable values or characters via the
RS-232C interface.
(a) Types
POPEN For preparing the processing of data outputs
PCLOS For terminating the processing of data outputs
BPRNT For character output and variable value binary output
DPRNT For character output and digit-by-digit variable numerical output
(b) Command sequence
POPEN Open command
DPRNT Data output command
PCLOS Closed command
(2) Open command : POPEN

Command format : POPEN ;
(a) The command is issued before the series of data output commands.
(b) The DC2 control code and % code are output from the NC system to the external output
device.
(c) Once POPEN; has been issued, it will remain valid until PCLOS; is issued.
(3) Close command : PCLOS

Command format : PCLOS ;
(a) This command is issued when all the data outputs are completed.
(b) The DC4 control code and % code are output from the NC unit to the external output device.
(c) This command is used together with the open command and it should not be issued unless
the open mode has been established.
(d) Issue the close command at the end of the program even when operation has been
suspended by resetting or some other operation during data output.
219
(4) Data output command BPRNT

Command format
BPRNT [ l 1 # v 1 [ c 1 ] l 2 # v 2 [ c 2 ] ]
l_ : Character string
v_: Variable number
c_: Significant digits below decimal point
(a) Character output and binary output of variable values are executed.
(b) The designated character string is output as ISO codes.
Alphanumeric characters (A to Z, 0 to 9) and special characters (+, , , /) can be used.
Note that asterisk (*) is output as a space code.
(c) All variables are saved with decimal points, so the number of digits required after the decimal
point are commanded in brackets [ ]. The variable value is handled as 4-byte (32-bit) data,
and is output as binary data from the high-order byte. (minus) data is handled as the
complement of this data.
(Example) If three digits are designated for 12.3456, the fourth digit after the decimal point
will be rounded up, and [12.346 103] = 12346 (0000303A) will be output as
binary data.
(Example) When zero digits is designated with 100.0, 100 (FFFFFF9C) will be output as
binary data.
(d) After the designated data is output, the EOB code will be output as an ISO code.
(e) A <blank> variable will be interpreted as 0.
(5) Data output command : DPRNT

Command format
DPRNT [ l 1 # v 1 [ d 1 c 1 ] l 2 # v 2 [ d 2 c 2 ] ]
l_ : Character string
v_: Variable number
d_: Significant digits above decimal point
c_: Significant digits below decimal point c+d8
(a) The character output and decimal output of the variable values are done with ISO codes.
(b) The commanded character string is output as is by the ISO code.
Alphanumerics (A ~ Z, 0 ~ 9) and special characters (+, , , /) can be used.
(c) The required significant digits above and below the decimal point in the variable values are
commanded within square parentheses. As a result, the variable values equivalent to the
commanded number of digits including the decimal point are output in ISO code in decimal
notation from the high-order digits. Trailing zeroes are not omitted.
(d) Leading zeroes are suppressed.
The leading zeroes can also be replaced by blank if so specified with a parameter (#110090
DPRINT leading 0). This can justify printed data on the last column.
220
13.7.8 Checkpoints
When the user macro commands are employed, it is possible to use the M, S, T and other NC control
commands together with the arithmetic, decision, branching and other macro commands for preparing
the machining programs. When the former commands are made into executable statements and the
latter commands into macro statements, the macro statement processing should be accomplished as
quickly as possible in order to minimize the machining time, because such processing is not directly
related to machine control.
As a result, the parameter "#320002 macro single" can be set and the macro statements can be
processed in parallel with the execution of the executable statement.
(The parameter can be set OFF during normal machining to process all the macro statements
together or set ON during a program check to execute the macro statements block by block. This
enables the setting to be made in accordance with the intended objective in mind.)
Example of program
G91G28X0Y0Z0 ; (1)
G92X0Y0Z0 ; (2)
G00X-100.Y-100. ; (3)
#101=100. COS [210.] ; (4)
Macro statement
#102=100. SIN [210.] ; (5)
G01X#101Y#102F800 ; (6)
Macro statements are:

1. Arithmetic commands (block including =)
2. Control commands (block including GOTO, DO-END, etc.)
3. Macro call commands (including macro calls based on G codes and cancel command (G65,
G66, G66.1, G67))
Executable statements are all those statements which are not macro statements.
Flow of processing
Macro single OFF
Program analysis N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7
Macro statement process N4 N5
Execution Next command block N2 N3 N6 N7

Statement
process Block in execution N1 N2 N3 N6
Macro single ON
Program analysis N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7
Macro statement process N4 N5
Execution N2 N3 N6 N7
Next command block
Statement
N1 N2 N3 N6
process Block in execution
221
Machining program display
Macro single ON
Macro single OFF
N4, N5 and N6 are processed in parallel
with the control of the executable statement
of N3, N6 is an executable statement and
[In execution] N3 G00 X-100. Y-100. ;
so it is displayed as the next command. If
[Next command]N6 G01 X#101 Y#102 the N4, N5 and N6 analysis is in time
F800 ; during N3 control, the machine movement
will be continuously controlled.
Macro single OFF

Macro single ON
N4 is processed in parallel with the control

of the NC executable statement of N3, and
it is displayed as the next command. N5
[In execution]
N3 G00 X-100. Y-100. ; and N6 is executed after N3 has finished,
[Next command] and so the machine control is held on
N4 #101=100.
*COS [210.] ; standby during the N5 and N6 analysis
time.
222
13.7.9 Actual examples of using user macros
The following three examples will be described.

Example 1. SIN curve
Example 2. Bolt hole circle
Example 3. Grid
(Example 1) SIN curve
(SIN) Y
G65 Pp1 Aa1 Bb1 Cc1 Ff1 ;
100.
a1; Initial value 0

b1; Final value 360 X
c1 ; R of RSIN 0 90. 180. 270. 360.
f1 ; Feedrate
-100.
Main program O9910 (Subprogram)
To WHILE [#1LE#2] DO1;

G65P9910A0B360.C100.F100; subprogram
#101=#3SIN [#1] ;
(Note 1)
G90G01X#1Y#10F#9;
#1=#1+10.;
#1=0 END1;
Local variable #2=360.000 M99;
set by argument
#3=100.000
#9=100.000
(Note 1) Commanding with one block is possible when
G90G01X#1Y [#3SIN [#1]] F#9 ; is issued.
223
(Example 2) Bolt hole circle

After defining the hole data with fixed cycle (G72 to G89), the macro command is issued as the
hole position command.
-X x1
W
Main program
a1 ;
Start angle a1
b1 ;
No. of holes y1
G81Z100.R50.F300L0 To subprogram
r1 ;
Radius
G65P9920Aa1Bb1Rr1Xx1Yy1 ; x1 ;
X axis center
position -Y
y1 ; Y axis center
position
O9920 (Subprogram) O9920
0 #101 #101 = No. of hole count

#101=0 ; G90, G91 mode
#102=#4003 ; Read in #102 #102 = G90 or G91
#103=#5001 ; Read previous coordinates
(Note 1)
#104=#5002 ; X #103 #103 = X axis current position
Y #104 #104 = Y axis current position
#111=#1 ; Start angle 111 #111 = Start angle
WHILE [#101LT#2] DO1 ; N

#101 No. of holes END
#120=#24+#18COS [#111] ;
(Note 1)
1) Y
#121=#25+#18SIN [#111] ; (Note
RadiusCOS [#111] #120 = Hole position
+ Center coordinates X#120 X coordinates
#122=#120 #123=#121 ; RadiusSIN [#111] #121 = Hole position
Y coordinates
IF [#102EQ90] GOTO100 ; + Center coordinates Y#121 #122 = X axis absolute value
#120 #122 #123 = Y axis absolute value
#121 #123
#122=#120 #103 ;
#123=#121 #104 ; (Note 1)
(Note
Y Judgment of G90, G91
#102=90
#103=#120 mode
(Note 1) N
#104=#121
#120-#103 #122 #122 = X axis incremental value
#121-#104 #123 123 ==YYaxis
#123 axisincremental
incrementalvalue
value
N100 X#122Y#123 ; #120 #103 X axis current position update
#101=#101+1 ; (Note 1) #121 #104 Y axis current position update
#111=#1+360.#101/#2 ;
N100X#122Y#123 Drilling command
END1 ;
M99 ; #101+1 #101 No.of holes counter up
360 deg.#101/
No. of holes+#1 #111 #111 = Hole position angle
(Note 1) The processing time can be shortened
by programming in one block.
224
G28 X0 Y0 Z0; -X -500. W

T1 M06;
G90 G43 Z100.H01;
G54 G00 X0 Y0;
G81 Z-100.R3.F100 L0 M03;
300R
G65P9920X-500.Y-500.A0 B8R100.; To subprogram 200R
G65P9920X-500.Y-500.A0 B8R200.; To subprogram
-500.
G65P9920X-500.Y-500.A0 B8R300.; To subprogram
100R
-Y
(Example 3) Grid
After defining the hole data with the fixed cycle (G72 to G89), macro call is commanded as a hole
position command.
G81 Zz1 Rr1 Ff1; -X x1

G65Pp1 Xx1 Yy1 Ii1 Jj1 Aa1 Bb1; i1 W
x1 ; X axis hole position Subprogram is
y1 ; Y axis hole position on next page y1
i1 ; X axis interval j1
j1 ; Y axis interval
a1 ; No. of holes in X direction
b1 ; No. of holes in Y direction
-Y
G28 X0 Y0 Z0;
100. 100. 100.
T1 M06; W
-X
G90 G43 Z100.H01;
G54 G00 X0 Y0; -75.
G81 Z-100.R3.F100 L0 M03;
To subprogram
G65P9930 X0 Y0 I-100. J-75. A5B3; -75.
G84 Z-90. R3. F250 M03; To subprogram

G65P9930 X0 I-100. J-75. A5B3; -Y
-X
-100.
-Z
225
O9930 (Subprogram) O9930
Start point X coordinates : x1#101 #101 = X axis start point

#102 = Y axis start point
Start point Y coordinates : y1#102
#101=#24 ; #103 = X direction interval
X axis interval : i1#103 #104 = Y direction interval
#102=#25 ;
Y axis interval : j1#104 #106 = No. of holes in
No. of holes in Y direction : b1#106 Y direction
#103=#4 ; (Note 1) Y direction drilling
completion check
#104=#5 ;
N
#106 > 0 END
#106=#2 ;
Y
No. of holes in X direction: a1 #105 No. of holes in X direction

set
WHILE [#106GT0] DO1 ; #105 > 0 No. of holes in X direction

check
#105=#1 ;
X#101 Y#102 Positioning, drilling
WHILE [#105GT0] DO2 ;
#101 + #103 #101 X coordinates update
No. of holes in X direction

#105 1 #105 1
G90 X#101 Y#102 ;
#101=#101+#103 ;
(Note 1)
#105=#1051 ;
END2 ;
#101 #103 #101

#102 + #104 #102 X coordinates revision
Y coordinates update
#101=#101-#103;
#102=#102+#104; #103 #103
X axis drilling direction
(Note 1) reversal
#103=#103 ; #106 1 #106 No. of holes in Y direction 1

#106=#1061 ;
END1 ;
M99 ;
(Note 1) The processing time can be shortened

by programming in one block.
226
13.8 Linear Angle Command
13.8 Linear Angle Command

(1) Outline
The end point is automatically calculated by commanding the linear angle and one element of the
end point coordinates (one element of the selected plane).
(2) Command format
G17 Xx1 Aa1 ;

Selected plane One element Angle
Or G17 Yy1 Aa1 ;
(Example)
G17 G91 X100. A60. ;
Y
End point
(Automatically operated and
calculated)
Y?
o
60
X100.
Start point

(a) The angle is from the + direction of the 1st axis horizontal axis on the selected plane. The
counter-clockwise (CCW) direction is considered to be + and the clockwise direction (CW) .
(b) Either of the axes on the selected plane is commanded for the end point.
(c) The angle is ignored when the angle and the coordinates of both axes are commanded.
(d) When only the angle has been commanded, this is treated as a geometric command.
(e) The angle of either the start point or end point may be used.
(f) If address A is used for the axis name or as the 2nd miscellaneous function, the setting is
interpreted as the A axis command or 2nd miscellaneous function command, and cannot be
used for the linear angle.
(g) This function is valid only for the G01 command; it is not valid for other interpolation or
positioning commands.
(4) Notes
(a) If the workpiece coordinate system selection and linear angle command are issued in the
same block, the end point will be the coordinate value in the new coordinate system.
227
13.9 Geometric Command
13.9 Geometric Command

(1) Outline
(a) Geometric command I
When it is difficult to determine the intersecting point of two straight lines during continuous
linear interpolation command, the intersecting point of the two straight lines can be
automatically calculated by creating a program that commands the angles of the straight lines.
(2) Command format
N1 G17 Aa1 ;
Selected plane Angle
N2 Xx2, Yy2, Aa2 ;
Next blocks end Angle
point coordinates
(Example)
N1 G01 Aa1 Ff1 ;

N2 Xx2 Zz2 Aa2 ;
X
End point (x2, z2)
N2
a2
a1
Automatic N1
intersection
calculation Start point
Z
W1

(a) The slope is expressed as the angle that is formed with the 1st axis horizontal axis + direction
on the selected plane. The counterclockwise (CCW) direction is considered to be + and the
clockwise direction (CW) .
(b) The range of the slopes in the 1st block(a1) and 2nd block(a2) is -360.000a360.000.
(c) The slope of the 2nd block (a2) can be commanded on the start or end point side. The start or
end point side of the commanded slope is identified automatically inside the NC.
(d) The feedrate can be commanded for each block.
(e) Single block stop is possible at the end point of the 1st block.
(f) The end point coordinates of 2nd block are (Xx2, Yy2).
(4) Notes
(a) Program error results when the geometric command is not on the selected plane.
(b) The end point coordinates of the 2nd block should be commanded with absolute values. When
incremental values are used, the program error will occur.
(c) When the angle where the two straight lines intersect is less than 1, program error will result.
(d) The program error will occur when the plane is changed in the 1st block and 2nd block.
(e) A program error will occur if a linear command is not issued in the 2nd block.
(f) When A is selected for the axis name, or when A is selected for the 2nd miscellaneous
function name, this function will be ignored.
228
13.10 Pattern Rotation; M98 l_J_

(1) Outline
When the same pattern is repeatedly used on a concentric circle, one rotation machining pattern
can be registered as a subprogram. By designating the rotation center when calling the
subprogram from the main program, the analog rotation type path can be easily created on the
concentric circle by this function. This allows programs to be created easily.
(2) Command format
M98 Ii1 Jj1 Pp1 Hh1 Ll1 ;

Call Rotation center Subprogram number and Number of repetitions
command coordinates sequence number
l1 times Basic pattern
j1
Rotation center
i1

(a) The first subprogram called with subprogram call is executed at a rotation angle of 0. The
path follows the commands.
(b) If the number of repetitions is set to two or more times, the rotation angle is obtained from the
called subprogram's start point/end point and the rotation center coordinates. This is used as
the rotation center coordinates reference. Using the path of the first subprogram as a basic
pattern, rotation and arrangement corresponding to the designated number of calls can be
carried out.
(c) When rotating, all blocks in the subprogram rotate.
(d) If the subprogram's start point and end point are not on the same circle using the commanded
center of the pattern rotation center coordinates, the subprogram's end point will be handled
as the start point. The movement will be interpolated using the end point of the first movement
command block in the subprogram rotated next as the commanded end point.
(e) Both absolute values and incremental values can be used in the figure rotation subprogram.
Even if commanded with an absolute value command, the rotation will be the same as when
commanded with an incremental value.
(f) I and J are commanded with the incremental amount from the start point.
(g) A subprogram cannot be branched to from a subprogram in pattern rotation.
(h) The pattern rotation is carried out on the workpiece coordinates so the figure can be shifted
with the G92, G52, G54 to G59 (workpiece coordinate system shift) commands.
(i) During pattern rotation, functions on the rotation plane axis' machine coordinate system such
as reference point return and uni-directional positioning cannot be carried out. However,
functions on the machine coordinate system can be used for axes other than that on the
rotation plane.
229
(4) Notes
(a) A program error will occur if a pattern rotation command is used during pattern rotation.
(b) Pattern rotation and program coordinate rotation cannot be commanded simultaneously.
A program error will occur.
(5) Program example
Main program (O1000) Y

N01 G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0 ;
N02 G01 G41 X200. Y150. D01 F500 ;
Basic pattern
N03 G01 Z-50. F300 ;
N04 M98 P2200 L5 J-100. ;
N05 G90 G01 Z50. F500 ;
N06 G40 ; 100.
N07 G00 X0 Y0 ;
Subprogram (O2200)
N01 G91 G01 X29.389 Y-59.549 ; 200.
N02 X65.717 Y-9.549 ;
100. 300. X
N03 M99 ;
230
13.11 Program Coordinate Rotation; G68/G69

(1) Outline
When machining a complicated shape at a position rotated in respect to the coordinate system,
the shape before rotation can be programmed on the local coordinate system, the parallel
movement amount and rotation angle designated with the program coordinate rotation command,
and the rotated shaped machined.
(2) Command format
Gn G68 Xx1 Yy1 Rr1 ; Coordinate rotation

ON
Call Rotation center Rotation angle
command coordinates
G69 ; Coordinate rotation cancel
Gn : Plane selection code G17, G18, G19

Xx1, Yy1 : Two axes corresponding to the plane selected from the rotation center coordinates
X, Y and Z. Designate with an absolute position.
Rr1 : Rotation angle. The counterclockwise direction is +.
Y
(Rotation angle)
y1 r1 (Rotation
Y' (x1, y1) center)
X'
x1
(Original
W local X
coordinate
system)
(Rotated local coordinate system)
W'

(a) The plane selection (G17, G18, G19) does not need to be commanded in the G68 block. It will
be valid even when designated earlier.
(b) If the rotation center coordinates (x1, y1) are omitted, the position where the G68 command
was executed will be the rotation center.
(c) The rotation center coordinates (x1, y1) are commanded with an absolute value.
(d) Rotation angle r1 is the minimum setting value between 360 and 360.
(e) The rotation takes place in the counterclockwise direction by the angle designated in rotation
angle r1.
(f) Rotation angle r1 is modal data, so it will not change until a new angle is commanded. Thus,
the rotation angle r1 command can be omitted. If the first G68 is omitted, R will be set to 0.
(g) The rotation angle r1 will enter the absolute mode or incremental mode depending on the G90
or G91 command.
(h) The coordinate rotation command during coordinate rotation is processed as center
coordinates and rotation angle changes.
(4) Notes
(a) The program coordinate rotation cannot be executed simultaneously with figure rotation. The
program error will occur if coordinate rotation is commanded during figure rotation, or figure
rotation commanded during coordinate rotation.
(b) The program error will occur if the plane selection is commanded during the coordinate
rotation mode.
(c) The program error will occur if the tool position offset is commanded during the coordinate
rotation mode.
231
(5) Example
N01 G28 XYZ;

N02 G54 G52 X150. Y75. ; Local coordinate designation
N03 G90 G01 G42 X0 Y0 ; Radius compensation ON
N04 G68 X0 Y0 R30. ; Coordinate rotation ON
N05 M98 H101 ; Subprogram execution
N06 G69 ; Coordinate rotation cancel
N07 G54 G52 X0 Y0 ; Local coordinate system cancel
N08 G00 G40 X0 Y0 ; Radius compensation cancel
N09 M02 ; End
Y
Subprogram 200.
(Shape programmed with original coordinate system) Actual
machining
N101 G90 G01 X50. F200 ; shape
N102 G02 X100. R25. ;
N103 G01 X125. ;
N104 Y75. ;
100.
N105 G03 X100. Y100. R25. ; 30
N106 G01 X50. ;
N107 G02 X0 Y50. R50. ;
N108 G01 X0 Y0 ; (Programmed
N109 M99 ; coordinates) X
W 100. 200. 300.
232
13.12 Parameter Coordinate Rotation

(1) Outline
If a deviation occurs between the workpiece reference line and machine coordinate system
coordinate axis while the workpiece is installed, the machine can be controlled to rotate the
machining program coordinates according to the workpiece reference line deviation. The
coordinate rotation amount is set with parameters. The parameters can be set from the setting
display unit or with the G10 command. Note that when using the G10 command, the separate
additional specifications "Program parameter input" are required.
(2) Setting parameters

Set the plane, center coordinates, vector component and angle for the coordinate rotation control.
No. Item Setting details Setting range (unit)
33 0017 Coord rot plane Set the plane, center coordinates, vector component and Axis control address names
(H) angle for coordinate rotation control. such as X, Y, Z, U, V, W, A,
33 0018 Coord rot plane Coordinate rotation plane (horizontal axis): B and C.
(V) Set the axis name for the 1st axis during rotation
measurement.
33 0019 Coord rot center 999999.999 to
If no axis name is set, the X axis will be automatically
(H) 999999.999mm
set.
33 0020 Coord rot center Coordinate rotation plane (vertical axis): 999999.999 to
(V) Set the axis name for the 2nd axis during rotation 999999.999mm
33 0021 Coord rot vector measurement. 999999.999 to
(H) If no axis name is set, the Y axis will be automatically 999999.999mm
set.
33 0022 Coord rot vector 999999.999 to
(V) 330018 999999.999mm
Coord rot plane (V)
33 0023 Coord rotation Center 180.000 to 180.000
angle coordinates 330022
330023 Coord rot vector (V)
Coord
rotation
angle
330020
Coord rot
center (V) 330021
Coord rot vector
(H)
M 330017
Coord rot plane (H)
330019
Coord rot center (H)
(Note) The angle is automatically calculated when

the vector component is set, but it is also
possible to set the angle directly. In that
case, the vector components for both the
horizontal and vertical axes appear as "0".
(a) The rotation center coordinate position

designates the machine coordinate
Ym system position.
(b) All workpiece coordinate systems from
G54 to G59 rotate with the rotation
command. Think of this as using the
Rotation center
rotation center position designated with
G57 the machine coordinate system as the
W4' rotation angle
G56 axis, and rotating the entire workpiece
W3' coordinates.
(c) The coordinate value counter indicates
W2 the position in the local coordinate
W1 system before rotation.
G55 (d) When settings are made with the setting
G54 W2' and display unit, the parameter settings
W1' Basic machine coordinates are validated after cycle start. If set with
Xm
M the G10 command, the parameter
settings are immediately validated.
233
(4) Notes
(a) If rotation angle zero is commanded while carrying out coordinate rotation, it will be canceled
at the next movement command regardless of the G90 or G91 setting.
(b) Command the first movement after this command with the G00 or G01 mode. If an arc
command is issued, the arc start point will not be rotated. However, only the arc end point will
rotate. This will cause the start point radius and end point radius to differ, and "PR0070: Arc
end point deviation large" to occur.
(5) Example
To use for compensating positional deviation of pallet changer

N01 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 ;
N02 M98 P9000 ; Pallet deviation measurement
N03 G90 G53 X0 Y0; Parallel movement amount shift
N04 G92 X0 Y0 ; Parallel movement amount definition
N05 G10 K15. ; Rotation amount definition
N06 G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0 ; G54 workpiece
N07 M98 H101 ; machining
N08 G90 G55 G00 X0 Y0 ; G55 workpiece
N10 G90 G56 G00 X0 Y0 ; G56 workpiece Y
G57
N12 G90 G57 G00 X0 Y0; G57 workpiece
machining G56
N13 M98 H101 ;
N14 G27 X Y Z ;
N15 M02 ;
G55
Machining shape program Rotation
N101 G91 G01 G42 D01 F300 ; G54 movement
N102 X100 ; (15)
N103 G03 Y50. R25. ;
N104 G01 X-100. ;
N105 G03 Y-50. R25. ; M
N106 G01 G40;
N107 M99 ; X
234
13.13 Special Fixed Cycles; G34/G35/G36/G37.1

(1) Outline
Special fixed cycles are used for multiple drilling of pattern shapes. These cycles are used in
combination with the hole drilling fixed cycles, and the hole drilling pattern shape is commanded
with this special fixed cycle.
The special fixed cycles include the following:
Bolt hole cycle
Line at angle
Arc
Grid
(2) Detailed description of common functions

(a) Before commanding the special fixed cycle, always command the fixed cycle for drilling, and
register the hole machining data. (If there is no positioning data, the hole drilling fixed cycle will
not be executed, and only the data will be registered.)
(b) When the special fixed cycle is executed, the axis will be positioned to the hole drilling position.
The hole drilling operation is executed with the hole drilling fixed cycle.
(c) Even after the special fixed cycle is executed, the registered hole drilling fixed cycle is held
until canceled.
(d) If the special fixed cycle is executed when not in the hole drilling fixed cycle mode, only
positioning will be executed, and the hole drilling operation will not take place.
(e) If a special fixed cycle is commanded without commanding the hold drilling fixed cycle,
positioning will follow the modal G code of the 01 group.
235
(3) Detailed description of each function

(a) Bolt hole circle (G34)
1) Function
"n" number of holes are drilled on the circumference of radius R centered on the
coordinates designated by X and Y. The circumference is divided into "n" divisions starting
at the point formed by the X axis and angle . The drilling data of the G81 or other fixed
cycle is retained for the drilling operation at each hole position.
All movements between hole positions are carried out in the G00 mode. G34 does not hold
the data after the command is completed.
2) Command format
G34 X x1 Y y1 I r J K n ;
X, Y Bolt hole circle center position; affected by G90/G91.
I Circle radius "r"; unit is based on minimum setting unit and supplied as a
positive number.
J Angle at initial drilling point; counterclockwise direction is taken to be
positive.
K Number "n" of holes to be drilled. Any number from 1 to 9999 can be
assigned; 0 cannot be assigned. An alarm will occur if 0 is set. A positive
value will position in the counterclockwise direction, and a negative value
will position in the clockwise direction.
3) Example
When input setting unit is 0.001mm

N001 G91 ;
N002 G81 Z-10.000 R5.000 L0 F200 ;
N003 G90 G34 X200.000 Y100.000 I100.000 J20.000 K6 ; X1=200mm
n=6 holes
N004 G80 ; ..................... (G81 cancel)
N005 G90 G0 X500.000 Y100.000 ;
20
I=100mm
Y1=100mm
W
(500mm,100mm)
Position prior to G34 G0 command in N005
As shown in the above example, the tool position applied upon completion of the G34
command is above the final hole. Thus, when moving it to the next position, it is convenient
to command the movement amount in the absolute value mode.
(The coordinate value must be calculated to command the movement amount in the
incremental mode.)
236
(b) Line at angle (G35)

1) Function
"n" number of holes are drilled at distance "d" in the direction forming angle with the X
axis, with the position assigned by X and Y serving as the start point. The drilling data (hole
machining mode and hole machining data) must be retained first since the drilling operation
at each hole position is dependent upon the hole drilling fixed cycle. All movements
between hole positions are carried out in the G00 mode. The data is not retained upon
completion of the G35 command.
2) Command format
G35 X x1 Y y1 I d J K n ;
X, Y Start point coordinate assignment; affected by G90/G91.
I Distance "d"; unit is based on minimum setting unit and when "d" is negative,
drilling proceeds in the symmetrical direction of the point centered on the
start point.
J Angle ; counterclockwise direction is taken to be positive.
K Number "n" of holes including the start point. Any number from 1 to 9999
can be assigned.
3) Example
Y
n=5 holes
d=100mm
G91 ;
G81 Z-10.000 R5.000 L0 F100 ;
G35 X200.000 Y100.000 I100.000
=30
J30.000 K5 ;
X
y1=100mm
W
X1=200mm
Position prior to G35 execution
4) Notes
a. The program error will occur when the K command is K0 or when it is absent.
b. The last 4 digits are valid when the value of K is more than 4 digits.
c. Any address except G, L, N, X, Y, I, J, K, F, M, S, T or B programmed in the same block
as the G35 command will be ignored.
d. If there is a group 0 G command in the same block as the G35 command, the one
commanded afterwards takes precedence.
e. When a G22/G23 command is programmed in the same block as the G35 command, it
will be ignored and the G35 command will be executed.
f. If a G72 to G89 command is assigned in the same block as the G35 command, the hole
drilling fixed cycle will be ignored and the G35 command will be executed.
237
(c) Arc (G36)

1) Function
"n" number of holes are drilled at angle distance starting at the point where angle is
formed with the X axis along a circumference with radius "r" and centered on the
coordinates assigned by X and Y. As with the bolt hole circle fixed cycle, the drilling data
must be retained beforehand since the drilling operation at each hole position depends on
the hole drilling fixed cycle.
All movements between hole positions are carried out in the G00 mode. The data is not
retained upon completion of the G36 command.
2) Command format
G36 X x1 Y y1 I r J P K n ;
X, Y Circle center coordinates; affected by G90/G91.
I Circle radius "r", unit is based on minimum setting unit and supplied as a
positive number.
J Angle at initial drilling point; counterclockwise direction is taken to be
positive.
P Angle distance ; counterclockwise when positive and clockwise when
negative.
K Number "n" of holes to be drilled. Any number from 1 to 9999 can be assigned.
3) Example

N001 G91 ;
N002 G81 Z-10.000 R5.000 F100 ; n=6 holes
N003 G36 X300.000 Y100.000 I300.000 J10.000
P15.000 K6 ;
=15
Position prior to G36 execution
=10
Y1=100mm
W
X1=300mm
238
(d) Grid (G37.1)

1) Function
The holes are drilled at points on the "nx" grid at intervals x parallel to the X axis, with the
position assigned by X and Y as the start point. The hole drilling data (hole machining
mode and hole machining data) must be retained beforehand since the hole drilling
operation at each hole position depends on the hole drilling cycle. All movements between
hole positions are carried out in the G00 mode. The data is not retained upon completion of
the G37.1 command.
2) Command format
G37.1 X x1 Y y1 I x P nx J y K ny ;
X, Y Start point coordinate assignment; affected by G90/G91.
I X-axis interval x; unit is based on minimum setting unit; positive direction
intervals as seen from start point when x is positive and negative
direction when it is negative.
P Number "nx" of holes to be drilled in X-axis direction. Any number from 1
to 9999 can be assigned.
J Y-axis interval y; unit is based on minimum setting unit; positive direction
intervals as seen from start point when y is positive and negative
direction when it is negative.
K Number "ny" of holes to be drilled in Y-axis direction. Any number from 1
to 9999 can be assigned.
3) Example

G91 ;
G81 Z-10.000 R5.000 F20 ;
G37.1 X300.000 Y-100.000 I50.000 P10
J100.000 K8 ;
Position prior to G37.1 ny=8 holes
execution
W y=100m
y1=100mm
x=50mm
x1=300mm nx=10 holes
4) Notes
a. The program error will occur when the P or K command is P0 or K0, or when they are
absent.
b. The last 4 digits are valid when the value of P or K is more than 4 digits.
c. Any address except G, L, N, X, Y, I, P, J, K, F, M, S, T, or B programmed in the same
block as the G37.1 command will be ignored.
d. If there is a group 0 G command in the same block as the G37.1 command, the one
commanded afterwards takes precedence.
e. When a G22/G23 command is programmed in the same block as the G37.1 command,
it will be ignored and the G37.1 command will be executed.
f. If a G72 to G89 command is assigned in the same block as the G37.1 command, the
hole drilling fixed cycle will be ignored and the G37.1 command will be executed.
239
13.14 Circular Cutting; G12/G13
13.14 Circular Cutting; G12/G13

(1) Outline
Circular cutting is a function which performs a series of operations: the tool is made to depart from
the center of the circle and while cutting the inner circumference of the circle, it describes a perfect
circle, and then it is returned to the center of the circle. The position where G12/13 is commanded,
is the circle center.
(2) Command format

The program format is as follows.
G12/G13 Ii Dd Ff ;
Circular cutting Perfect circle Compensation Speed
command radius number
G code Function
G12 CW (Clockwise)
G13 CCW (Counterclockwise)
I : Circle radius (incremental value), sign is ignored

D : Compensation number

(a) The operation is as shown below.
Y
With G12 command (tool center path)
012345670
5 With G13 command (tool center path)
076543210
Circle
radius
1
0 2 X
4 7 6
Compen- 3
sation
amount
(b) The "+" compensation amount sign denotes reduction and the "" sign expansion.
(c) Circular cutting is performed on the plane currently selected by G17, G18 and G19.
(4) Notes
(a) A program error will occur when compensation number "D" is not assigned or when an illegal
number is assigned.
(b) A program error occurs when [radius (I) compensation amount] is zero or a negative value.
(c) If G12 or G13 is specified while the radius compensation (G41, G42) is specified, the radius
compensation becomes valid for the path after compensation is made according to the D
commanded by G12 or G13.
(d) If the address H is commanded in the same block as G12 or G13, program error occurs.
240
13.15 Scaling; G50/G51

(1) Outline
With this command, the shape commanded in the program can be enlarged or reduced by
applying a magnification to the movement axis command value in the commanded range.
G code Function
G50 Scaling cancel
G51 Scaling ON
(2) Command format

G51 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Pp1 ;

Call command Scaling center coordinate Magnification
values
Y
sc
sc:
s1 p1
y1 Scaling center
p1, p2, p3:
Program shape
s1, s2, s3:
Shape after scaling
s3
s2
p2
p3
X
x1

(a) Designating the scaling axis, scaling center and magnification
When G51 is commanded, the scaling mode will be entered. The G51 command only
designates the scaling axis, center and magnification, and does not move.
The scaling mode is entered with the G51 command, but the axis for which scaling is actually
effective is the axis for which the scaling center is commanded.
1) Scaling center
a. The scaling center follows the absolute/incremental mode (G90/G91) set at that point.
b. The scaling center must be commanded even when the current position is to be the
center.
c. As explained above, the axis for which scaling is actually effective is the axis for which
the scaling center is commanded.
2) Scaling magnification
a. The scaling magnification is commanded with address P.
b. Minimum command unit: 0.000001
c. Command range: 1 to 99999999 (0.000001 to 99.999999-fold) or 0.000001 to 99.99999
are both valid.
d. If the magnification is not commanded in the same block as G51, the magnification set
in the parameters will be used.
241
e. Even if this parameter is changed during the scaling mode, the changes will not be valid.
The scaling will be applied with the value set when G51 is commanded.
f. If the magnification is not set in the program or parameters, it will be calculated as
1-fold.
3) A program error will occur in the following cases.

a. If scaling is commanded when scaling specifications are not provided.
b. If the upper limit of the magnification command range is exceeded in the same block as
G51.
(b) Scaling cancel

The scaling mode is canceled when G50 is commanded.
(4) Notes
(a) Scaling is not applied to the offset amounts such as tool radius compensation, tool position
offset or tool length offset. (The compensation and offset is calculated in respect to the scaled
shape.)
(b) Scaling is valid only for movement commands in automatic operation. It is invalid for manual
movement.
(c) For X, Y and Z, the scaling is valid only for the commanded axes. Scaling is not applied on the
axis not having a command.
(d) For the arc command, if scaling is validated for one of the two axes that configure the arc
plane, scaling will be applied only on that axis.
(e) If M02, M30 or M00 (only for M0 reset) is commanded during the scaling mode, the cancel
mode will be entered.
(f) If the coordinate system is shifted (G92, G52 command) during scaling, the scaling center will
also shift by the difference amount.
(g) If manual interrupt is applied during scaling, the manual ABS selection will be ignored, and the
same operation as manual ABS OFF will take place.
(5) Combination with other functions

(a) G27 reference point compare command
If G27 is commanded during scaling, the scaling will be canceled when the command is
completed.
(b) Reference point return command (G28, G29, G30)

If G28, G30 or reference point return is commanded during scaling, the scaling will be
canceled at the middle point, and the axis will return to the reference point. If the middle point
is ignored, the axis will return directly to the reference point.
If G29 is commanded during scaling, the scaling will be applied to the movement after the
middle point.
(c) G60 (uni-directional positioning) command

If G60 (uni-directional positioning) is commanded during scaling, the scaling will be applied at
the final positioning amount, and will not be applied on the creep amount. In other words, the
creep amount is constant regardless of the scaling application.
(d) Workpiece coordinate system changeover

If the workpiece coordinate system is changed during scaling, the scaling center will be shifted
by the difference of the new workpiece coordinate system and old workpiece coordinate offset
amounts.
(e) Figure rotation command

If figure rotation is commanded during scaling, the scaling will be applied on the figure rotation
center and rotation radius.
242
(f) Scaling command in figure rotation subprogram

If scaling is commanded in the figure rotation subprogram, the scaling will not be applied on
the figure rotation's radius. Instead scaling will be applied only on the shape created by the
subprogram.
(g) During coordinate rotation

If scaling is commanded during coordinate rotation, the scaling center will rotate. Scaling can
be executed on the rotated scaling center.
(h) G51 command

If G51 is commanded during the scaling mode, the axis for which the center is newly
commanded will also become a scaling valid axis. The magnification commanded by the latest
G51 command will be valid.
243
13.16 Normal Line Control; G40.1/G41.1/G42.1

(1) Outline
If the C axis is set as the normal line control axis, the C axis (rotation axis) turning will be
controlled so that the tool constantly faces the normal line direction control in respect to the XY
axis movement command during program operation.
At the block seams, the C axis turning is controlled so that the tool faces the normal line direction
control at the next block's start point.
During arc interpolation, the C axis turning is controlled to be synchronized with the arc
interpolation speed operation.
This can be used in spring machining, or stitching such as with a sewing machine or for carpets.
Only one axis is valid for the C axis (rotation axis).
C axis center (rotation axis)
Tool end
position
C axis turning
The normal line control I and II can be used according to the C axis turn direction during normal
line control. This is determined by the machine manufacturer specifications.
Normal line control

Turning direction Turning speed Application
type
Direction that is 180 or less
Type I Parameter speed Cutting machining
(shortcut direction)
As a principle, the
Type II Feedrate Spring machining
commanded direction
(2) Command format
G Xx1 Yy1 Ff1 ;
G Function
G40.1 Normal line control cancel
G41.1 Normal line control left ON
G42.1 Normal line control right ON
x1 : X axis end point coordinates

y1 : Y axis end point coordinates
f1 : Feedrate
The axis that carries out normal line control differs according to the machine.
The normal line control plane is fixed to the 1-axis2-axis (I axis J axis of basic 3 axes) plane.
The plane selection has no effect.
244

(a) Definition of C axis angle
1) C axis turning operation in respect to movement command
a. Start up
After the C axis turns to a right angle of the movement direction by the XY axis
command, the XY axes are moved.
b. During normal control mode

1. Block seam
No tool radius After the C axis is turned to be at a right angle of the XY axis
compensation movement in the next block, that block is moved.
If radius compensation is applied on a linear-linear, linear-arc
or arc-arc block that crosses a sharp angle, a linear block can
With tool radius
be inserted. At this time, the C axis normal line control inserts
compensation
a C axis turn movement in respect to the shape after radius
compensation.
2. During block movement

The C axis angle is kept constant during the linear command, and the C axis does
not turn.
During the arc command, the C axis turns in synchronization after the XY arc
interpolation axis.
c. Cancel
The C axis does not turn, and the axis movement by the XY axis command is carried
out.
245
2) C axis turning speed

Turning speed at block seam (Select from type 1 or type 2)
Item Normal line control type I Normal line control type II
C axis Set the C axis turning speed Fc The tool end position feedrate is automatically
turning with the parameter (basic controlled by CNC internal calculations so that it
speed at system parameter "C_Feed"). matches the F command value.
block seam Note that if the C axis turning The C axis turning speed Fc is obtained with the
speed exceeds the C axis following expression.
cutting clamp speed, the speed Fc = F/R 180/ (/min)
will be the C axis clamp speed.
F : Feedrate (mm/min)
R : Parameter value (mm)
Length from C axis center to tool tip (Value set
in machining parameter "Normal C axis turn
R"
When R = 0
Fc = F 180/ (/min)
The rapid traverse rate is also obtained with the

above expression.
Note that if Fc exceeds the C axis cutting feed
clamp speed, Fc will be the C axis cutting feed
clamp speed.
R
R
Fc F
C axis The speed becomes the circular The tool end position feedrate is automatically
turning interpolation speed (angle controlled by CNC internal calculations so that it
speed speed) corresponding to the X matches the F command value.
during and Y axes interpolation speed. The circular interpolation speed Fr is obtained with
circular However, if the C axis turning the following expression.
interpolation speed exceeds the C axis Fr = Fr/(R+r) (mm/min)
cutting clamp speed, the circular F : Command speed (mm/min)
interpolation speed (F r : Arc radius (mm)
command) will be clamped so R : Parameter value (mm)
that the C axis turning speed Length from C axis center to tool end
becomes the C axis cutting feed
clamp speed. Note that if Fr exceeds the C axis cutting feed clamp
speed, the circular interpolation speed (F command)
will be clamped so that the C axis turning speed
becomes the C axis cutting feed clamp speed.
Fr
R r
3) Definition of C axis turning direction

The C axis angle is 0 (degree) when the tool is facing the +X direction.
The counterclockwise direction turning is + (plus), and the clockwise direction turning is
(minus).
246
(4) Notes
(a) If the spindle is to be the axis targeted for normal line control, the spindle must be changed to
a servo axis. The spindle C axis (servo ON), and C axis spindle (servo OFF) changeover
is carried out with M commands.
(b) The normal line control axis will stop at the turning start position at the single block, cutting
block start interlock and block start interlock.
(c) The C axis movement command is ignored during normal line control.
(d) During C axis normal line control (during the G41.1 and G42.1 modal), the C axis workpiece
offset rewrite command (G92C_;) cannot be issued. The program error (PR0901) will occur if
commanded.
(e) If mirror image is applied to either the 1-axis or 2-axis, the normal line control will be reversed.
247
(5) Relation with other functions
Function name Notes

Uni-directional Normal line control is not applied.
positioning
Helical cutting Normal line control is applied normally.
Spiral interpolation The start point and end point are not on the same arc, so normal line
control is not applied correctly.
Synchronous feed When using the spindle for C axis control, the correct feedrate will not be
reached.
Exact stop check The operation will not decelerate and stop for the turning movement of
the normal line control axis.
Error detect The operation will not decelerate and stop for the turning movement of
the normal line control axis.
Override Override is applied on the turning movement by normal line control.
Figure rotation Normal line control is applied to the shape after figure rotation.
Coordinate rotation Normal line control is applied to the shape after coordinate rotation.
Scaling Normal line control is applied to the shape after scaling.
Mirror image Normal line control is applied to the shape after mirror image.
Linear angle Normal line control is applied to the shape after the linear angle
designation command.
Geometric Normal line control is applied to the shape after geometric command.
designation
Automatic reference Normal line control is not applied.
point return
Start position return Normal line control is not applied on the movement to the middle point
position.
If the control parameter "G00 interpolation OFF" is OFF in respect to the
movement from the middle point to a position designated in the program,
normal line control is applied.
Workpiece The normal line control axis operates in the program coordinate system
coordinate system set during normal line control.
offset
Local coordinate The normal line control axis operates in the program coordinate system
system offset set during normal line control.
Program restart The block in the normal line control can be restarted.
Dry run The feedrate is changed by the dry run signal even in respect to the
turning movement of the normal line control axis.
Machining time The time of the section turned by the normal line control is also
calculation calculated.
Graphic check The section turned by the normal line control is also drawn.
248
13.17 Macro Interrupt; M96/M97

(1) Outline
By inputting a user macro interrupt from the PLC, another designated program (interrupt program)
can be called as a priority to the program currently running.
Examples of this interrupt program include programs for evading abnormalities such as escaping
at a tool breakage, or returning.
The following two types of interrupt can be selected with parameters.
[Interrupt type 1] The running block is immediately stopped, and the interrupt program is
executed.
[Interrupt type 2] The interrupt program is executed after completing the running block.
(2) Command format

M96 P_ H_ ; User macro interrupt valid

P: Interrupt program number
H: Interrupt sequence number
M97 ; User macro interrupt invalid
Machining program 0pm
:
Interrupt program 0pi
:
M96Ppi;
: :
: :
The user macro interrupt signal can : :
be accepted in this area. : :
: :
Interrupt signal
: :
: :
M97; :
: M99;
:
:
The user macro interrupt signal The modal information is restored to
:
cannot be accepted in this area. the state before the interruption.
:
:
:
:
M02;
(a) If an interrupt signal is input from the machine side during the user macro interrupt valid
period (from when M96 is commanded to when M97 is commanded or the NC is reset), the
user macro interrupt will start, the program commanded with P_ will interrupt the machining
program currently running, and will be executed instead.
(b) During the user macro interrupt, or in the user macro interrupt invalid state (after M97
command or NC reset), the input interrupt signal will be ignored.
(c) If the user macro interrupt option is not selected, the M96/M97 command will function as a
normal M code, and will be output externally.
249

(a) Valid conditions
The user macro interrupt can be executed only when a program is running.
1) The automatic operation mode or MDI is selected.
2) Automatic startup has been executed.
3) A user macro interrupt is not applied.
4) The parameter "Macro interupt valid" is selected.
(Note) Macro interrupt is invalid during manual operation.
(b) Operation outline

1) After M96Pp1; is commanded in the currently running program, if the user macro interrupt
signal is input, the interrupt program Op1 will be executed. The original program will be
returned to by the M99; command in the interrupt program.
2) When M99Pp2; is commanded, the area from the block following the interrupted block to
the last block of the program will be searched for. If not found, the area from the block at
the head of the program to the block before the interrupted block will be searched for, and
the system will return to the block with the sequence number Np2 that appears first.
(c) Interruption method

The type 1 or type 2 interruption method can be selected with parameters.
[Type 1]
When the interrupt signal is input, the movement or dwell being executed at that point will be
stopped, and the interrupt program will be executed.
If there is a movement command or miscellaneous function command (MSTB) in the
interrupt program, the command in the stopped block will be lost, and the interrupt program
will be executed. When the interrupt program is completed, the program will restart from the
block following the stopped block.
If there is no movement command or miscellaneous function command (MSTB) in the
interrupt program, after returning from the interrupt program, the program will restart from
where the block was interrupted. However, if the interrupt signal is input during execution of
a miscellaneous function command (MSTB), the NC will enter the completion signal standby
state. Thus, after the completion signal is input, the movement command or miscellaneous
function command (MSTB) in the interrupt program will be executed.
[Type 2]
When the interrupt signal is input, the interrupt program will be executed without stopping the
command being executed at that point.
If there is a movement command or miscellaneous function command (MSTB) in the
interrupt program, the movement command or miscellaneous function command (MSTB) in
the interrupt program will be executed after the block command being executed is completed.
However, if the interrupt program is not completed even when the original block is completed,
the machining may temporarily stop.
(d) Calling method

The user macro interrupt includes the following types. The method to be used is selected with
the parameters.
Subprogram type interrupt
Macro type interrupt
The calling method differs for these interrupt programs.
Both methods are added to the call nesting level. Furthermore, the subprogram and user
macro call carried out in the interrupt program are also added to the nesting level.
250
Subprogram type The user macro interrupt program is called as a subprogram.

interrupt (Same as M98 call)
In other words, the local variable level does not change before and
after the interruption.
Macro type interrupt The user macro interrupt program is called as a user macro. (Same
as G65 call)
In other words, the local variable level changes before and after the
interruption.
Arguments cannot be transferred from the execution program to the
interrupt program.
(e) User macro interrupt signal acceptance method

The acceptance methods for the user macro interrupt signal include the following. The method
is selected in the parameters.
Status trigger method
Edge trigger method
Status trigger method The signal is accepted as a valid signal while the user macro
interrupt signal is ON.
If the interrupt signal is ON when the user macro interrupt is
validated with M96, the interrupt program will be executed.
If the interrupt signal is continuously turned ON, the interrupt
program can be repeated.
Edge trigger method The signal is accepted as a valid signal at the rising edge where the
user macro interrupt signal changes from OFF to ON.
This is used when the interrupt program is to be executed only
once, etc.
(f) Returning from user macro interrupt

M99 (P_) ;
To return to the original program from the user macro interrupt program, command M99 in the
interrupt program. The sequence number in the program to be returned to can be designated
with address P. In this case, the area from the block following the interrupted block to the last
block of the program will be searched for. If not found, the area from the block at the head of
the program to the block before the interrupted block will be searched for, and the system will
return to the block with the sequence number that appears first.
(Same as M99P_ in M98 call)
(g) Modal information in user macro interrupt

If the modal information is changed in the interrupt program, the modal information after
returning from the interrupt program will change as follows.
[When returned with M99 ;]

The modal information changed in the interrupt program is invalidated, and returns to the
modal information before interruption.
When using interrupt method type 1 and there is a movement command or miscellaneous
function command (MSTB) in the interrupt program, the modal information will not return to
that before the interruption.
[When returned with M99P_ ;]

If the modal information is changed in the interrupt program, the modal information
changed in the interrupt program will be retained even after returning from the interrupt
program. This is the same as returning with M99P_ ; from a program called with M98, etc.
251
(h) Modal information variables (#4401 to #4520)

The modal information for when the control changes to the user macro interrupt program can
be recognized by reading the values of #4401 to #4520.
The unit is the commanded unit.
System variable Modal information

#4401 G code (Group 1)
to to
#4421 G code (Group 21)
#4507 D code
#4509 F code
#4511 H code
#4513 M code
#4514 Sequence number
#4515 Program number
#4519 S code
#4520 T code
These variables can be used only in the user macro interrupt program.
An error will occur if used in programs other than the user macro interrupt program.
(i) M code for user macro interrupt control

User macro interrupt is controlled with M96 and M97, but if M96 and M97 are used for other
applications, other M codes can be used as a substitute.
(The program will become incompatible.)
Set the substitute M code in the parameter, and select the parameter for validating this setting.
Then, the user macro interrupt can be controlled with the substitute M code.
(The M code setting range is 03 to 97, excluding 30.)
If the parameter for validating the substitute M code is not selected, M96 and M97 will be used
as the user macro interrupt control M codes.
In either case, the user macro interrupt control M code is processed internally and is not output
to an external source.
(4) Restrictions
(a) The user macro interrupt function is part of the user macros, and cannot be used if the user
macro specifications are not provided.
(b) If the system variables #5001 (position information) and following for reading the coordinate
values are used in the user macro interrupt program, the read coordinate value will be that
read with the preread buffer.
(c) When interrupting during execution of the following function, always designate a sequence
number (M99P_ ;) in the return command from the user macro interrupt program. The original
program will not be returned to correctly if the sequence number is not designated.
Tool radius compensation
252
13.18 Three-dimensional Coordinate Conversion Function; G68/G69

(1) Outline
In respect to the X, Y and Z axes of the currently set workpiece coordinate system, the new
coordinate system in which rotation and zero point parallel movement have been carried out can
be defined. By using this function, a random plane in the space can be defined, and machining
can be carried out by commanding normal programs in respect to that plane.
Y Radius direction Y
Axis direction
Workpiece coordinate system G68 program coordinate system
Radius direction X
Z
(2) Command format
The program format is as shown below.
G68 Xx Yy Zz Ii Jj Kk Rr ;
Three-dimensional Rotation center Rotation center axis Rotation angle
coordinate conversion coordinates direction
mode command
: If the rotation center axis is the X axis, set "1" in i. If not the rotation center axis, set "0".
x, y, z Rotation center coordinate Designated with the absolute position in the local
coordinate system.
i, j, k Rotation center axis direction 1: Designated,
0: Not designated. Note that only one of the three
axes is designated.
r Rotation angle The counterclockwise direction looking at the rotation
center from the rotation center axis direction is the
plus (+) direction. Command as a 0.001 unit within
the range of 360.000 to 360.000.
G69 ;
Three-dimensional coordinate conversion
mode cancel command
There are limits to the G codes that can be commanded during the three-dimensional coordinate
conversion mode.
253

(a) Commands
1) Command the rotation center coordinates with absolute values.
2) If the rotation center coordinates are omitted, the zero point of the currently set coordinate
system will be the rotation center coordinates.
3) Designate values for I, J and K. If even one is not designated, the program alarm "PR0033
Format error" will occur. If all settings are omitted, the normal program coordinate rotation
will be applied. Set 1 in only one of I, J and K, and set 0 for the other two. "PR0033 Format
error" will occur if 1 is set in two or more. "PR0033 Format error" will also occur if 0 is set
for all.
An error will occur if a G code that cannot be commanded, is commanded in the
three-dimensional coordinate conversion mode.
4) When addresses I, J and K are not designated, this will be handled as the program
coordinate rotation.
5) If a number other than 0 (including two-digit numbers) is designated for addresses I, J and
K, this will be handled as 1.
6) Some of the G codes that can be commanded in the three-dimensional coordinate conversion
modal are limited. If a G code that cannot be commanded in the three-dimensional coordinate
conversion modal is issued, the program error "PR0921 3DIM coord convert error" will occur.
7) If the three-dimensional coordinate conversion specifications are not provided, the program
error "PR0920 No 3DIM coord conversion spec." will occur.
254
(b) Three-dimensional coordinate conversion and program coordinate system

With the G68 command, the rotation center coordinates are shifted by the command value (X,
Y, Z) in respect to the current coordinate system. The new program coordinate system rotated
by the commanded rotation angle (R) in respect to the command rotation center direction (I, J,
K) is set.
(Example)
N1 G68 X10. Y0 Z0 I0 J1 K0 R-30. ;
N2 G68 X0 Y10. Z0 I1 J0 K0 R45. ;
N3 G69 ;
a. With N1, the center is shifted by [x, y, z] = (10., 0, 0) in respect to the currently set
coordinate system. The new program coordinate system (A in the following figure)
rotated 30 in the counterclockwise direction using the Y axis as the center is set.
b. With N2, the center is shifted by [x, y, z] = (0, 10., 0) in respect to the newly set program
coordinate system (A in the following figure). The new program coordinate system (B in
the following figure) rotated +45 in the counterclockwise direction using the X axis as
the center is set.
c. With N3, the program coordinate systems that have been set are all canceled, and the
state where the first G68 is commanded is returned to.
+Z
+Y
+Y
45
+Z
+Y
+Z
+X
P (0, 0, 0)
G68 program
+X coordinate system (B)
P (0, 0, 0)
Local coordinate system
(workpiece coordinate system)
30
P (0, 0, 0)
G68 program coordinate system (A) +X
* If the local coordinate system offset is not applied, the local coordinate system is the
same as the workpiece coordinate system.
255
(c) Conversion method

The coordinate values (Xp, Yp, Zp) in the newly set coordinate system and the coordinate
values (Xm, Ym, Zm) in the reference workpiece coordinate system are converted as shown
below.
First G68 command

[Xm, Ym, Zm, 1] = [Xp, Yp, Zp, 1] R1T1 (Forward row)
[Xp, Yp, Zp, 1] = [Xm, Ym, Zm, 1] (T11) (R11) (Reverse row)
Second and following G68 command
[Xm, Ym, Zm, 1] = [Xp, Yp, Zp, 1] R2T2R1T1
[Xp, Yp, Zp, 1] = [Xm, Ym, Zm, 1] (T11) (R11) (T21) (R21)
R1, R2: Rotation row calculated from first and second G68 parameter
T1, T2: Movement row calculated from first and second G68 parameter
The conversion rows Rn and Tn (n = 1, 2) are as follow.

Rn conversion row
1) I designation (rotation around X axis)

1 0 0 0
0 cos R sin R 0
0 sin R cos R 0
0 0 0 1
2) J designation (rotation around Y axis)

cos R 0 sin R 0
0 1 0 0
sin R 0 cos R 0
0 0 0 1
3) K designation (rotation around Z axis)

cos R sin R 0 0
sin R cos R 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
Tn conversion row
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
x y z 1
x, y, z : Rotation center coordinates (parallel movement amount)

I, J, K : Rotation axis selection
R : Rotation angle
256
(d) Example of program

1) Example of machining program using arc cutting
In the following program example, the arc cutting (N3 block) carried out on the top of the
workpiece is also carried out on the side of the workpiece. By using three-dimensional
coordinate conversion, the side can be cut with the same process (N8 block).
N01 G17 G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z0; Position to the workpiece zero point P.
N02 G00 X100. Y200. Z200.; Move to (100, 200, 200) with rapid traverse.
N03 G02 X100. Y400. J100. F1000; Carry out arc cutting on workpiece top.
N04 G00 Z300.; Escape in +Z direction at +100 rapid traverse.
N05 G68 X0 Y0 Z200. I0 J1 K0 R90.; After shifting program coordinate system to (0, 0, 200), rotate
coordinate axis +90 in Y axis direction.
N06 G17 G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z0; Position to new program's zero point P'.
N07 G00 X100. Y200. Z200.; Move to program coordinate system (100, 200, 200) and
workpiece coordinate system (200, 200, 100) with rapid
traverse.
N08 G02 X100. Y400. J100. F1000; Carry out arc cutting on workpiece side.
N09 G00 Z300.; Move +100 in program coordinate system + Z' direction with
rapid traverse.
N10 G69;
N11 M02;
+Y
+Z
+Y
N4
N6
N3
N9
P (0, 0, 200) N7
N1
N2 N8
P (0, 0, 0)
+Z
+X
+X
257
2) Example of machining program using fixed cycle

In the following program, the bolt hole cycle (N08 block) executed on the top of the
workpiece is also carried out on the side of the workpiece. By using three-dimensional
coordinate conversion, the side can be cut with the same process (N18 block).
N01 G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z0; Position to the workpiece coordinate system's 1st
workpiece zero point.
N02 F2000;
N03 G00 X100. Y100. Z-600.; Move to (100, 100, 600) with rapid traverse.
N04 G52 X100. Y100. Z-600.; Set the local coordinate system to the (100, 100, 600)
position.
N05 G00 X100. Y10. Z 200.; Move to the local coordinate system's (100, 10, 200)
position with rapid traverse.
N06 G91; Incremental value command
N07 G81 Z-10. R5. L0 F2000; Drilling
N08 G34 X100. Y200. I90. J270. K10.; Bolt hole cycle
N09 G80; Drilling cancel
N10 G91 G00 X-200.; Move 200 from machining end point to X axis direction
with rapid traverse.
N11 G90 G52 X0 Y0 Z0; Cancel local coordinate system.
N12 G90 G00 X0 Y0 Z0; Position to workpiece zero point.
N13 G00 X100. Y100. Z-400.; Move to (100, 100, 400) with rapid traverse.
N14 G68 X100. Y100. Z-400. I0 J1 K0 R90.; Set G68 program coordinate system to position rotated
+90 in Y axis direction using (100, 100, 400) position
as center.
N15 G00 X100.Y10. Z200.; Move to (100, 10, 200) position in G68 program
coordinate system with rapid traverse.
N16 G91; Incremental value command
N17 G81 Z-10. R5. L0 F200; Drilling
N18 G34 X100.Y200. I90. J270. K10.; Bolt hole cycle
N19 G80; Drilling cancel
N20 G91 G00 X-200.; Move 200 from machining end point to X axis direction
with rapid traverse.
N21 G69; Cancel three-dimensional coordinate conversion modal.
N22 M02; End program.
+Y
O (0, 0, 0) N1
N12 +X N20 +Y
-Z N10
N13
N7~N9
+Z
N3
+Y
O (100, 100, -400)
N15
N17~N19
N5
O (100, 100, -600)
+Z
+X
+X
258
(e) Coordinate system

1) By issuing the three-dimensional coordinate conversion command, the new coordinate
system (G68 program coordinate system) will be created on the local coordinate system.
2) The coordinate system for the three-dimensional coordinate conversion rotation center
coordinates is the local coordinate system. Thus, these coordinates are affected by the
following coordinate system offset and coordinate system shift amount.
Local coordinate system offset issued with G52 command
G92 shift amount issued with G92 command
Coordinate system offset corresponding to workpiece coordinate system selected with
command
External workpiece coordinate offset
Extended workpiece offset
3) During the three-dimensional coordinate conversion modal, the G68 program coordinate
system is created on the current G68 program coordinate system, and is used as the new
G68 program coordinate system.
4) The local coordinate system cannot be created (G52) on the G68 program coordinate
system. (If G52 is issued, the "PR0921 3DIM coord convert error" will occur.)
(f) Rotation angle

1) For the rotation angle, the counterclockwise direction looking at the rotation center from
the plus direction of the rotation center axis is the plus (+) direction.
2) If a value with no decimal point is designated for the rotation angle, the value obtained by
dividing the designated value by 1000 will be used.
When either of the following are designated, the rotation angle will be 45.0.
G68 X0.Y0.Z0. I0J0K1 R45.
G68 X0.Y0.Z0. I0J0K1 R45000
3) If the rotation angle is omitted, the rotation angle will be handled as 0.
4) The modal display's rotation angle for three-dimensional coordinate conversion
overwrites the modal display's rotation angle for the program coordinate conversion.
5) The modal display's rotation angle when three-dimensional coordinate conversion is
carried out two or more times, will be the rotation angle of the three-dimensional
coordinate conversion carried out last.
(g) Rotation center coordinates

1) The G68 rotation center coordinate system is commanded with the local coordinate
system (G68 program coordinate system during the three-dimensional coordinate
conversion modal).
2) The rotation center coordinate designation is handled as an absolute value designation
regardless of whether an absolute/incremental modal (G90/G91) is being executed.
3) If the rotation center coordinate (address X, Y, Z) is omitted, it will be handled as if the
zero point for the current local coordinate (G68 program coordinate system during the
three-dimensional coordinate conversion modal) is designated for the omitted address's
axis. (The same as when 0 is just set.)
259
(h) G68 multiple command

By commanding three-dimensional coordinate conversion during the three-dimensional
coordinate conversion modal, two or more multiple commands can be issued.
1) The three-dimensional coordinate conversion command in the three-dimensional coordinate

conversion modal is combined with the conversion in the modal.
2) If the three-dimensional coordinate conversion is overlapped during the three-dimensional
coordinate conversion modal, the overlapped three-dimensional coordinate conversion will
be created on the coordinate system (G68 program coordinate system) created with the
three-dimensional coordinate conversion in the modal. Thus, the rotary axis and
coordinates must be designated with this G68 program coordinate system.
For the X axis and Y axis, if each is created on the coordinate system rotated by 90,
these must be designated as shown in Example 2 rather than Example 1.
<Example 1>
G68 X0.Y0.Z0. I1J0K0 R90. X axis rotation 90
G68 X0.Y0.Z0. I0J1K0 R90. Y axis rotation 90
(The Y axis designated here is the same as the
Z axis in the original coordinate system.)
<Example 2>
G68 X0.Y0.Z0. I1J0K0 R90. X axis rotation 90
G68 X0.Y0.Z0. I0J0K1 R-90. Z axis rotation 90
(The Z axis -90 rotation designated here is the
same as the Y axis +90 rotation in the original
coordinate system.)
260
(i) When first movement command after three-dimensional coordinate conversion command
is an arc command
When the first movement command after the three-dimensional coordinate conversion
command is an arc shape, if the arc center position has not changed before and after the
three-dimensional coordinate conversion, the arc will be drawn. However, an error will occur in
the following cases.
1) If three-dimensional coordinate conversion of an arc center designated (I, J designated)

arc causes the center coordinates to deviate, the error "PR0070 Arc end point deviation
large" will occur.
2) If three-dimensional coordinate conversion of an arc radius designated (R designated)
arc causes the center coordinates to deviate, the error "PR0071 Can't calculate arc
center" will occur.
Example in which "Arc end point deviation large" alarm occurs (1)
G90 G28 XYZ Y Y
F3000 G17
G68 X100. Y0. Z0. I0J0K1 R0.
G02 X100. I50.
Arc end point
Y deviation large
End point
End point (X 50, Y 0)
X X
(X 100, Y 0) Current (X 100, Y 0) (X 100, Y 0) X
Current
position position
Arc center Arc center
No three-dimensional coordinate conversion In three-dimensional coordinate conversion

X
Y
Example in which "Arc end point deviation large"
alarm occurs (2) End point
(X 150, Y 150)
G90 G28 XYZ

F3000 G17 End point
G00 X100.
150
G68 X0. Y0. Z0. I0J0K1 R90. Arc end point

G02 X150. Y-50. 150. J0. deviation large
Arc center
50
Current position (X 150, Y 0)

Y
Current position
X
Y
X
(X 100, Y 0) (X 100, Y 0)
50
Arc center
End point
No three-dimensional In three-dimensional coordinate conversion
coordinate conversion (X 150, Y -50)
261
Example in which "Can't calculate arc center" alarm occurs (1)

G90 G28 XYZ Y Y
F3000 G17
G68 X100. Y0. Z0. I0J0K1 R0.
G02 X100. R50.
Y
Radius=50 Radius50
End point End point
X X
Current position (X 100, Y 0) Current (X 100, Y 0) (X 100, Y 0) X
position
Can't calculate
arc center
No three-dimensional coordinate conversion In three-dimensional coordinate conversion
Example in which "Can't calculate arc center"

X
Y
alarm occurs (2)
(X 200, Y 0)
End point
Y
G90 G28 XYZ
F3000 G17
G00 X100. Can't calculate
arc center
G68 X0. Y0. Z0. I0J0K1 R90.
G02 X200. Y0. R50.
Y
Radius50
Radius=50
End point
Current position Current position
Y
Y
X X
(X 100, Y 0) (X 200, Y 0)
(X 100, Y 0)
No three-dimensional coordinate conversion

In three-dimensional coordinate conversion
262
(j) Three-dimensional coordinate conversion for axis with no movement command

An axis with no movement command will not move.
<Example: When G90 movement is commanded immediately after three-dimensional
coordinate conversion>
In the following example, X axis movement is commanded in the N4 block, but movement is
not commanded for the other axes.
Here, the coordinates before movement in the N4 block are (X 212.132, Y 70.710, Z 0) in the
G68 program coordinate system. If X0 movement in the N4 block is attempted on this
coordinate system, the end point will be (X0, Y 70.710, Z0).
When viewed on the coordinate system before three-dimensional coordinate conversion,
these coordinates are (X 50, Y50, Z0).
+Y
N1 G28 X0Y0;
N2 G00 X100. Y200.;
N3 G68 I0J0K1 R45.;
N4 G90 X0.;
(212, 132, 70.710, 0) +X

+Y
200
G68 program
coordinate system
N4
200
100 N2
(0, 70.710, 0) 50
45
+X
0 G54 workpiece
50 100
coordinate system
263
(k) When three-dimensional coordinate conversion is commanded during mirror image

If three-dimensional coordinate conversion is commanded during mirror image, the mirror will
not be applied on the rotary conversion center coordinates. Thus, the coordinate value
(absolute position) designated in the machining program will be used during coordinate
conversion.
The mirror center is converted over the converted coordinate system (G68 program
coordinate system).
Example) Mirror image during absolute value mode
+X
G28 XYZ; +Y
N1 G90 G01 X200. F2000;
N2 G51.1 X0.;
N3 G68 X200. Y200. I0J0K1 R90.;
N4 G90 G00 X100. Y0 Z0;
300
500
200
400 Path with no mirror
100
300 Three-dimensional
coordinate conversion
200 center
+Y
N3
100
100 Path during mirror
command
N4
+X
200 N2 N1 200
Mirror center
(with no three-dimensional coordinate conversion)
Mirror center
(during three-dimensional coordinate conversion)
(X, Y: before conversion/X', Y': after conversion)
Example) Mirror image for incremental value mode
G28 XYZ;
+X
+Y
N1 G91 G01 X200. F2000;
N2 G51.1 X0.;
Path during mirror
N3 G68 X200. Y200. I0J0K1 R90.;
command
N4 G90 G00 X100. Y0 Z0;
N4
300
500
400
200
300
100
Path with no mirror

200
+Y
N3
Three-dimensional
100
100 coordinate conversion

center
+X
200 N1 200
N2
Mirror center
Mirror center
264
(l) When mirror image is used during three-dimensional coordinate conversion command
If the G command mirror image is applied during the three-dimensional coordinate conversion
command, the mirror center will be set with the G68 program coordinate system.
If the mode is the absolute value mode, the mirror center will be set with the absolute position
in the G68 program coordinate system. If the mode is the incremental value mode, the mirror
center will be set as a position obtained by adding the incremental value designated in the
G68 program coordinate system to the current position.
+X
G28 XYZ;
+Y
N1 G90 G01 X200. F2000;
N2 G68 X200. Y200. I0J0K1 R90.;
N3 G51.1 X200.;
Path during mirror
N4 G90 G01 X100. Y100. Z0; N4 command
500
300
400
N3
300
100
Path with no mirror
200 N2
+Y
Three-dimensional
coordinate conversion
100
100 center
+X
200 N1 200
Mirror center
Mirror center
The mirror center is set at the absolute value X = 200 in the G68 program coordinate system.

+X
G28 XYZ;
+Y
N1 G91 G01 X200. F2000;
N2 G68 X200. Y200. I0J0K1 R90.;
N3 G51.1 X200.;
N4 G90 G01 X100. Y100. Z0;
500
300
400
200
Path with no mirror

300
100
200 N2
N3
+Y
Three-dimensional
N4 coordinate conversion
100
100
Path during mirror center
command
+X
200 N1 200
Mirror center
Mirror center
The mirror center is a position +200 in the X direction from the current position in the G68
program coordinate system. (X, Y: before conversion/X', Y': after conversion)
265
(4) Relation with other functions

(a) G codes that can be commanded during three-dimensional coordinate conversion mode.
G00, G01, G02, G03, G04, G05, G6.2, G07, G09, G10, G11, G12, G13, G17, G18, G19,
G20, G21, G22, G23, G27, G28, G29, G30, G31, G31.1, G31.2, G31.3, G31.4, G34, G35,
G36, G37.1, G38, G39, G40, G41, G42, G43, G44, G45, G46, G47, G48, G49, G50.1,
G51.1, G53, G61, G61.1, G61.2, G61.3, G61.5, G62, G64, G65, G66, G66.1, G67,
G69, G70, G71, G72, G73, G74, G75, G76, G77, G78, G79, G80, G81, G82, G83, G84,
G85, G86, G87, G88, G89, G90, G91, G93, G94, G95, G98, G99
(b) Circular interpolation

1) During the three-dimensional coordinate conversion modal, the arc interpolation will
operate with the three-dimensional coordinate converted value.
2) The arc command during three-dimensional coordinate conversion will operate normally
for all planes G17, G18 and G19.
3) Even if the three-dimensional coordinate conversion is only rotated on the selected plane
(when the same function as program coordinate conversion is executed), the original
shape before conversion will be drawn with the graphic check.
(c) Z axis cancel

Z axis cancel during the three-dimensional coordinate conversion modal is movement in
respect to the coordinate value after three-dimensional coordinate conversion. The movement
in the Z axis direction will be canceled.
In Example 1, there is movement in the Z axis direction in the original figure. However, after
three-dimensional coordinate conversion, the movement is converted to movement in the X axis
direction, so the axis will move.
<Example 1>
G90 G28 XYZ
G68 X0. Y0. Z0. I0J1K0 R90. Y axis rotation 90
G01 Z100. ( 0, 0, 100) (100, 0, 0) (100, 0, 0)
Coordinate before Coordinate after Movement destination
conversion conversion coordinate
In Example 2, there is no movement in the Z axis direction in the original figure. However,
movement in the Z axis direction will be generated after three-dimensional coordinate
conversion.
If the mode is the Z axis cancel mode, this Z axis direction movement will be ignored and no
movement will take place.
<Example 2>
G90 G28 XYZ
G68 X0. Y0. Z0. I0J1K0 R90. Y axis rotation 90
G01 X100. Y100. (100, 100, 0) ( 0, 100, 100) ( 0, 100, 0)
Coordinate before Coordinate after Movement destination
conversion conversion coordinate
266
(d) Graphic check

1) During graphic check, the original shape before conversion is drawn as the shape being
three-dimensional coordinate converted.
2) When three-dimensional coordinate conversion is canceled, the current position in the
graphic check is aligned with the actual machine position.
3) If machining program with incremental value movement is executed after
three-dimensional coordinate conversion is canceled, the position of the shape after
three-dimensional coordinate conversion is canceled may be deviated from the original
shape.
This occurs because movement is executed with an incremental value command while the
position of the shape after three-dimensional coordinate conversion is canceled is deviated
from the original shape.
<Example> Tool path Graphic check path Original path

N1 G90 G28 XYZ 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0
N2 F3000
N3 G01 X100. 100, 0, 0 100, 0, 0 100, 0, 0
N4 G68 X0Y0Z0 I1J0K0 R90. <Three-dimensional coordinate conversion start>
N5 G01 Y100. 100, 0, 100 100, 100, 0 100,100, 0
N6 G01 X0. 0, 0, 100 0, 100, 0 0,100, 0
N7 G69 <Three-dimensional coordinate conversion cancel>
N8 G91 Y-100. 0,100, 100 0,100, 100 0, 0, 0
N9 G90 X0.Y0.Z50. 0, 0, 50 0 0, 50 0, 0, 50
N10 M02
Normally, the path drawn with graphic check is the original shape onto which
three-dimensional coordinate conversion has not been applied. However, when
three-dimensional coordinate conversion is canceled, the graphic check position is aligned
with the machine position, so if the canceled position is different from the original shape, it will
be deviated from the original shape.
In the above examples, the graphic check's current position (original shape's current position)
in N6 is (0,100,0), but when three-dimensional coordinate conversion is canceled in N7, the
position is aligned to the current machine position (0,0,100).
Thus, if the next movement command is an incremental value command (N8 block), the axis
will move to a position deviated from the original shape.
This deviation can be corrected by moving with an absolute value command. (N9 block)
(e) High-accuracy control/initial high-accuracy

Three-dimensional coordinate conversion and high-accuracy control can be used
simultaneously.
(f) NURBS interpolation

Three-dimensional coordinate conversion and NURBS interpolation can be used simultaneously.
If the three-dimensional coordinate conversion command (G68) and NURBS command (G6.2)
are issued in the same block, the error "PR0033 Format error" will occur.
267
(g) Synchronous tap

The synchronous tap command can be issued in the three-dimensional coordinate conversion
modal.
The synchronous tap feed direction will be the direction commanded on the G68 program
coordinate system by the three-dimensional coordinate conversion modal.
Even if manual synchronous tap is executed during the three-dimensional coordinate
conversion modal, the feed direction and the spindle will not be synchronized.
(h) High-speed skip/multi-step skip

High-speed skip and multi-step skip can be executed in the three-dimensional coordinate
conversion modal.
Command the target coordinate value as a coordinate value on the G68 program coordinate
system.
The coordinate value in the G68 program coordinate system will be output as soon as the skip
signal is input in the skip coordinates (macro variables). A coordinate value in the local
coordinate system before G68 is commanded can be output by setting the parameters.
If manual skip is used during the three-dimensional coordinate conversion, the local coordinate
value will be output.
If the skip command (G31, G31.1, G31.2, G31.3, G31.4) is commanded in the same block as
G68, only the G68 command will be valid, and the skip command will be ignored.
268
13.19 Cutting Mode; G64
13.19 Cutting Mode; G64

(1) Outline
When the cutting mode command is issued, the NC will enter the cutting mode that allows a
smooth cutting surface to be achieved. As opposed to the exact stop check mode (G61), the
operation will not decelerate and stop between cutting feed blocks. Instead, the next block will be
continuously executed. The cutting mode state is entered when the power is turned ON.
(2) Command format
G code Function
G64 Cutting mode ON
The cutting mode can be canceled with the exact stop check mode (G61), automatic corner
override (G62), tapping mode (G63), or high-accuracy control mode (G61.1 to G61.5).
269
13.20 Automatic Corner Override; G62
13.20 Automatic Corner Override; G62

(1) Outline
This function automatically applies an override on the cutting feedrate so that the cutting amount is
not increased per constant time at the corner. This prevents strain on the machining surface due
to an increase in the cutting load when cutting corners.
The automatic corner override is valid only during tool radius compensation.
(2) Command format
G62 ;
The automatic corner override turns ON with the G62 command, and is canceled with the
following G commands.
G40 Tool radius compensation cancel

G61 Exact stop check mode
G63 Tapping mode
G64 Cutting mode
G61.1~G61.5 High-accuracy control mode

(a) Description of operation
Program path
Workpiece Machining allowance (finished shape)
S
Workpiece surface
shape
(3)
(2)
(1) Tool center path
Machining
allowance
Ci
Deceleration
area
Tool
: Max. angle at inside corner

Ci : Deceleration area (IN)
1) When automatic corner override is not to be applied

When the tool moves in the order of (1) (2) (3) shown above, the machining allowance
at (3) increases by an amount equivalent to the area of shaded section S and so the tool
load increases.
2) When automatic corner override is to be applied
When the inside corner angle shown above is less than the angle set in the parameter, the
override set into the parameter is automatically applied in the deceleration range Ci.
270
13.21 High-accuracy Control; G61.1

(1) Outline
This function controls the operation so the lag is eliminated in control systems and servo systems.
With this function, improved machining accuracy can be realized, especially during high-speed
machining, and machining time can be reduced.
The high-accuracy control function is configured of the following functions.
Speed control Servo control

Pre-interpolation
acceleration/
deceleration control
High-accuracy Feed forward control
control command Optimum corner
deceleration control
Function Cutting feed Rapid traverse

positioning
Pre-interpolation Acceleration/deceleration time is reduced Positioning time for
acceleration/ using constant inclination acceleration/ micro-distances is
deceleration deceleration and a S-character filter, and reduced.
surface accuracy is improved by suppressing
machine vibration.
Optimum corner Sharp corners are accurately machined
deceleration without waste.
Feed forward control Machining path accuracy is improved by Positioning time is
reducing the tracking lag error. reduced by reducing
the tracking lag error.
(2) Command format
G61.1 ;
High-speed control is commanded with G61.1.
Sharp corners are accurately

machined without waste by
optimum linear acceleration/
G02/G03 Effect during arc interpolation deceleration and corner judgment.
Path during 70% feed forward
gain in the high-accuracy Optimum corner deceleration
control mode Y
Command path
R
Path during 0% feed
F forward gain in the
high-accuracy
Conventional
control mode X
Path when the F

R high-accuracy control Conventional
mode is OFF
R: Command radius (mm)

R: Radius error (mm)
F: Cutting feed (m/min) T
Optimum corner deceleration
271

(a) Pre-interpolation acceleration/deceleration
The machining shape error due to smoothing is eliminated by accelerating/decelerating before
interpolation, and a highly accurate path can be obtained.
Decreased radius errors during arc commands can be kept extremely low.
Constant inclination acceleration/deceleration is also carried out, so the positioning time for
micro-distances during G00 commands is reduced.
(Note) Constant pre-interpolation acceleration/deceleration for rapid traverse (G00) can be
validated or invalidated in the parameters. This can be done independently from the
high-accuracy control designation.
Refer to the Section on "High-accuracy Control for Part Machining" for details on
improving the arc radius error.
(b) Optimum corner deceleration

Highly accurate edge machining is enabled by judging the machining program command
vectors and carrying out corner deceleration.
The following drawing shows the deceleration pattern at the corner.
(Optimum corner deceleration is a function of the high-accuracy control mode.)
By using an S-character filter, the speed change becomes smoother, machine vibration is
suppressed, and surface accuracy can be improved.
At the corners, the command vectors of the machining program are automatically judged, and
corner deceleration is carried out. Highly accurate edge machining is enabled by corner
deceleration.
Speed
N001 N002
F
P N002
Pre-inter polation
acceler ation/ F : Cutting feedrate
N001 Deceleration to V0 deceleration
inclin e (acceler ation) V0 V0: Max. tolerable deceleration
Tim e
(c) Feed forward control function

A stable servo control with an extremely small servo error can be realized using the feed
forward control characteristic to this CNC system.
Feed forward control
Kp Kv M
Detector
Kp : Position loop gain
Kv : Speed loop gain S
M : Motor
S : Differential
272
(d) High-accuracy SS control

A fine segment program for die machining, etc., may contain fine steps or paths waved in a
S-pattern caused by CAM operation errors, etc. This may cause the paths to be misaligned in
adjacent paths.
: Point commanded in program
Path A P2
P1 P3 P4
P11 P12
Path B P15 P16
P14
P13
P21 P22 Wave or step
P23
Path C P25 P26
P24
P1 P31 P41
P8 P9
Path A
P7 P21
P6 Path B
P17
P16 P42
P5
P15 P32 P43 P44
P4 P22
Path D
P14
P3 P23 Path C
P13 Paths are misaligned at P33
adjacent paths P34
P2 Path B
P24
P12 P25
P1 P2 Path A
P11
P3
If strict speed control, based on the angle of two blocks, is used on a program with this type of
step or error, sensitive acceleration/deceleration may be repeated at local steps or errors. As a
result, marks like scratch may be made or streaks may appear on the cutting surface.
With SS (Smooth Surface) control, by using the angle of two blocks and the path information
of a wide area, optimum speed control not affected excessively by the fine steps or waves can
be carried out.
The features of SS control are listed below.
1) Effective for machining a smooth shape die with a fine segment program.
2) Speed control not easily affected by errors in the path.
3) Similar acceleration/deceleration patterns used if shape and accuracy of adjacent paths
are similar.
4) Even at sections not requiring corner deceleration, speed is clamped if predicted
acceleration rate is high.
(Clamp rate is set in the machining parameter (user parameter) "SS ctrl clamp coef".)
The length of the path direction recognized with SS control can be adjusted with the machining
parameter (user parameter) "SS ctrl std length". When a large value is set, a wider range will
be applied, and the effect of errors will be lessened.
(Note) SS control executes speed control using path information for a wide range. Thus, the
number of pre-read blocks will increase. The performance in the high-speed machining
mode I, II cannot be guaranteed when SS control is valid.
(e) High-accuracy control deceleration check

During the high-accuracy control mode (G61.1, G61.2, G61.3, G61.5), deceleration check is
not carried out at the joint of the positioning command (G0) and cutting feed command (G1)
blocks. Instead, the corner is judged and when found to be a corner, in-position check is
carried out. This allows the machining time to be shortened in a program with many hole
drilling steps, etc.
When the control parameter 2 "Prec ctrl dec chk2" is turned ON, if the positioning command
(G0) and cutting feed command (G1) movement directions do not change, movement with the
cutting feed command (G1) will start before the movement speed with the positioning
command (G0) reaches 0. Deceleration check is not carried out at the joint of the cutting feed
command (G1) and positioning command (G0) blocks, and instead optimum corner
deceleration is carried out.
273
1) Operation
Previous Next
Changes in movement Deceleration check
block block
direction at block joint
(N1) (N2)
G0 G0 When movement direction G0 in-position width is checked.
changes
N1 G0 N1
N2
N2 G0 G0 in-position width
Block joint
G0 G0 When movement direction does The G0 movement in the next

not change block is started without
decelerating.
N1 G0 N2 G0
N1 N2
Block joint
G0 G1 When movement direction G0 in-position width is checked.

changes
N1 G0
N1 N2
N2 G1
G0 in-position width
Block joint
G0 G1 When movement direction does G0 block decelerates, and after

not change reaching the G1 speed, the next
block's G1 movement is started.
N1 G0 N2 G1
N1 N2
Block joint
G1 G0 When movement direction Axis decelerates to corner

changes deceleration speed.
N1 G1
N2 G0
N1 N2
Block joint
G1 G0 When movement direction does Axis does not decelerate at G1

not change block, and instead next block's G0
movement is started.
N1 G1 N2 G0
N1 N2
Block joint
274
2) Acceleration/deceleration
When this function is validated (control parameter 2 "Prec ctrl dec chk2" is ON), the
inclination of the acceleration/deceleration during the positioning command (G0) and
cutting feed command (G1) will be determined by the base system parameter #120090
"Glbf2" and #120091 "GlbtL2".
G1bf2
G1 G0
G1btL2 G1btL2
3) G0 feed forward gain

When this function is validated (control parameter 2 "Prec ctrl dec chk2" is ON), the feed
forward gain for the positioning command (G0) will be the same as the feed forward gain
for the cutting feed command (G1), and will be determined by the axis specification
parameter #130021 "Fwdg".
4) Restrictions
Deceleration check is carried out when the control parameter 2 #320010 "G0 interpolation
OFF" is ON.
Deceleration check is carried out when error detect is ON.
Deceleration check is carried out in the exact stop check (G09) command block.
Deceleration check is carried out during the synchronous tapping mode (G74/G84).
When this function is valid and the machining time is calculated, the calculated time will
be the same as when the function is invalid.
If there is a block with no movement, such as the M code, during the movement
commands, the tool will decelerate by the process time for the block with no movement.
275
13.22 High-accuracy Control for Die Machining; G61.2/G61.3

(1) Outline
This function allows free curves to be machined at a high-accuracy with fine segment commands.
By using this in combination with the high-speed machining function, high-speed and
high-accuracy machining can be carried out.
The function for controlling the machining program commanded with fine segments at a high
accuracy is configured of the following functions.
Die machining Path analysis Speed control Interpolation Servo control

command Image data
Pre-interpolation
compression
Fine segment acceleration/
Image data deceleration
command compression of Spline Feed
control
(CAM data) noncontinuous interpolation forward
points Optimum control
Fine segment corner
commands Fairing deceleration
Revision to control
(Height sensor
smooth path
data)
Function Cutting feed Rapid traverse positioning

Image data Deletion of unnecessary fine noncontinuous
compression data
Fairing Revision on noncontinuous command points
for smooth machining
Pre-interpolation Acceleration/deceleration time is reduced using Positioning time for
acceleration/ constant inclination acceleration/deceleration micro-distances is reduced.
deceleration and an S-character filter, and surface accuracy
is improved by suppressing machine vibration.
Optimum corner Neat machining of sharp corners without waste
deceleration
Spline interpolation Smooth, high-speed machining of free curves
Feed forward control Machining path accuracy is improved by Positioning time is reduced
reducing the tracking lag error. by reducing the tracking lag
error.
276
(2) Command format
G61.2 ;
The high-accuracy control for die machining (CAM data) is commanded with G61.2.
G61.3 ;
The high-accuracy control for die machining (height sensor data) is commanded with G61.3.

Cutting feed commands are all spline interpolated during G61.2 and G61.3 modal.
The following shows function combinations during G61.2 and G61.3 modal.
G61.2: Image data compression + Pre-interpolation acceleration/deceleration +
Optimum corner deceleration + Spline interpolation + Feed forward
G61.3: Image data compression + Fairing + Pre-interpolation acceleration/deceleration +
Optimum corner deceleration + Spline interpolation + Feed forward
(a) Fairing function, image data compression function

This function carries out image data compression of the commanded point and revision of the
commanded point within the tolerance amount (parameter setting) range. By carrying out
spline interpolation on the command point after revision, a smooth machining surface can be
achieved with high-speed machining.
The corner is smoothly connected within the tolerance range.
For CAD/M data
The noncontinuous points caused by CAD/M operation errors, etc., are compressed.
Path after spline interpolation
Tolerance
amount
Commanded
point For height sensor data
The noncontinuous points caused by the height sensor system's
Revised measurement errors, etc., are revised to make a smooth path.
point
Path after spline interpolation
(Note) The block will not stop at the image data compression command point. The block will
stop at the revised point.
277
(b) Acceleration/deceleration before interpolation and optimum corner deceleration
The speed change during corner

deceleration is smoothed, and the Machining
machining surface accuracy is path
improved.
Tangent direction
feedrate
By accelerating/decelerating before interpolation, the machining shape error can be eliminated

with smoothing, and a highly accurate path can be achieved. The speed change can be
smoothed by the S-character filter, the machine vibration can be suppressed, and the surface
accuracy improved.
At the corner, the vector commanded in the machining program is automatically determined,
and the speed is decelerated at the corner. A highly accurate edge can be machined by
decelerating at the corner.
(c) High-accuracy spline interpolation

The command point train smoothed by fairing is spline interpolated. With the spline
interpolation, the next level's feed forward control can be applied more stably and effectively.
Path by spline interpolation
Revised command points
(d) Feed forward control function
Feed forward control
Kp Kv M
Detector
Kp : Position loop gain
Kv : Speed loop gain S
M : Motor
S : Differential
A stable servo control with an extremely small servo error can be realized using the feed
forward control characteristic to this CNC system.
278
13.23 High-accuracy Control for Part Machining; G61.5

(1) Outline
This function carries out the machining commanded with linear interpolation or arc interpolation at
a high-accuracy. This function is effective for high accuracy machining of shapes configured of
linear lines and arcs instead of free curves commanded with fine segments.
Function Cutting feed Rapid traverse positioning

ACCS control The block seams is controlled to be smooth and
to improve the machining surface quality.
Pre-interpolatio Acceleration/deceleration time is reduced using Positioning time for
n acceleration/ constant inclination acceleration/deceleration micro-distances is reduced.
deceleration and an S-character filter, and surface accuracy
is improved by suppressing machine vibration.
Optimum corner Neat machining of sharp corners without waste
deceleration
Feed forward Machining path accuracy is improved by Positioning time is reduced
control reducing the tracking lag error. by reducing the tracking lag
error.
(2) Command format
G61.5 ;
The high-accuracy control for the part machining is commanded with G61.5.

The functions in the G61.5 modal are as follow.
(a) ACCS control
The block seams are controlled to be smooth, allowing a favorable surface to be obtained
even during high-speed machining. The operation is controlled so that the shape error caused
by ACCS control is within the tolerance amount (parameter setting range).
1) Optimum deceleration is carried out at the corner.
2) At block stop, the axis may not be over the commanded end point. However, the difference
will be within the tolerance amount range.
(b) Pre-interpolation acceleration/deceleration and optimum corner deceleration
By accelerating/decelerating before The speed change during corner

deceleration is smoothed, and the
interpolation, the machining shape error machining surface accuracy is
can be eliminated with smoothing, and a improved.
highly accurate path can be achieved. The Machining
path
speed change can be smoothed by the
S-character filter, the machine vibration
can be suppressed, and the surface
accuracy improved.
At the corner, the vector commanded in
the machining program is automatically
determined, and the speed is decelerated Tangent direction
feedrate
at the corner. A highly accurate edge can
be machined by decelerating at the corner.
279
When using arc interpolation, the arc radius decrease error is improved as follows.
F
Command path
F R
Actual path
Exponential 1 3
1 1 F 10 2
R =
2 2
High-accuracy control acceleration/ ( Ts + 2 Tp ) (
60
) (mm)
R 2
mode OFF deceleration
(acceleration/decelera-ti Linear 3
on after interpolation) 1 1 1 F 10 2
R =
2 2
acceleration/ R
(
24
Ts +
2
Tp ) ( 60 ) (mm)
deceleration
High-accuracy control mode ON 3
. 1 1 F 10 2
(acceleration/deceleration before R =. R (0 + 2 Tp (1 Kf )) (
2 2
60 ) (mm)
interpolation)
R : Command radius (mm) Ts : Time constant of set acceleration/deceleration circuit (s)
R : Radius error (mm) Tp : Position loop time constant (s)
: Angle error (rad) Kf : Feed forward gain (fwd_g)
F : Command cutting speed (m/min) F : Real cutting speed (m/min)
(c) Feed forward control

This control is the same as for high-accuracy control of die machining. Stable servo control
with extremely small servo error can be realized.
280
13.24 Program Parameter Input; G10L70/G11
13.24 Program Parameter Input; G10L70/G11

(1) Outline
The parameters designated from the setting and display unit can be changed from the machining
program. The parameter input command is carried out by the parameter setting command after
the data setting command.
(2) Command format
G10 L70 ;
Parameter input command
Pp Ss Nn Aa Dd ;
Parameter data designation
;
(Parameter data designation)
Address Meaning Command details

P Data group No. The parameter data's section No. is commanded with a
(Section No.) two-digit value (positive integer) following P.
This is equivalent to the first two digits of the parameter
number.
S System No. Set "0" when parameters are common for all systems.
Set the system No. (1 or 2) when parameters must be set for
each system.
N Data number The parameter data's data number (characteristic value for
(Sub-section No.) each data) is commanded with a four-digit value (positive
integer) following N.
This is equivalent to the first four digits of the parameter
number.
A Data sub-No. If the input data is independent for the axis, the independent
(Axis, spindle data for each control axis (1: 1st axis, 2: 2nd axis, ...) can be
number) set with the axis number following A. (The number of control
axes is characteristic to each model.)
An alarm will occur if this address is used for axis common
data.
D Data The parameter value is commanded with the value following D.
G11 ;
Parameter input cancel command

(a) The program parameter input function option is required to use this function.
(b) If the same address is commanded two or more times in one block, the latter address will be
valid.
(4) Notes
(a) A program error will occur if this function is commanded when the option is not provided.
(b) A program error will occur if the parameter No. is illegal. A program error will also occur if a
numerical value is set that exceeds the setting range of that parameter.
(c) A program error will occur if an address other than P, A, N, D or S is commanded.
(d) A program error will occur if the program parameter input command is issued during a fixed
cycle modal or radius compensation modal.
(e) Only parameters that are set with decimal numerical values can be set with program
parameter input.
(The value following D is always a decimal, and is always handled as having a decimal point.
Hexadecimal data and character strings cannot be commanded.)
(f) Issue the backlash compensation amount and machine error compensation amount program
parameter input command at the zero point.
281
13.25 Program Compensation Input; G10

(1) Outline
The tool offset and workpiece offset can be set and changed from tape.
(2) Command format

(a) Workpiece coordinate system compensation input
The workpiece coordinate system value selected with G54 to G59 can be set or changed with
program commands.
The workpiece coordinate setting command format is as follows.
G10 L2 Pp1 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 ;

Parameter change Workpiece coordinate Setting value
command number
(Note) L2 can be omitted. A program error will occur if Pp1 is omitted.
G code Function
G10 L2 P0 External workpiece coordinate system setting
G10 L2 P1 Workpiece coordinate system 1 setting (G54)
(b) Tool compensation input

The tool compensation amount set from the setting and display unit can be input with program
commands.
The tool compensation input format is as follows.
G10 Ll1 Pp1 Rr1 ;

Compensation Compensation Compensation
amount setting number amount
command
(Note) If Ll1 is omitted, the tool shape compensation amount will be set. A program error will
occur if Pp1 is omitted.
G code Function
G10 L10 Tool length shape compensation amount setting
G10 L11 Tool length wear compensation amount setting
G10 L12 Tool radius shape compensation amount setting
G10 L13 Tool radius wear compensation amount setting
(c) Expanded workpiece coordinate system compensation input

The values in each workpiece coordinate system selected with G54.1 P1 to P96 can be set or
changed with program commands.
The format for expanded workpiece coordinate system compensation input is as follows.
G10 L20 Pn Xx Yy Zz ;
n = 1 to 96
282

(a) The program tool compensation input function option is necessary to use this function.
(b) G10 is an unmodal command, and is valid only in the commanded block.
(c) The compensation amount which is commanded is overwritten or added according to the
modal state of the absolute value (G90) / the incremental value (G91).
(d) G10 does not incur movement, but it must not be used with G commands other than G21, G22,
G54 to G59, G90 and G91.
(e) Decimal point inputs are valid for the compensation amount.
(f) The external workpiece coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system compensation
amount are set as the distance from the basic machine coordinate system zero point.
(g) The workpiece coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system offset amount are set as
the distance from the basic machine coordinate system zero point.
(h) L2 can be omitted when inputting the workpiece offset.
(4) Notes
(a) A program error will occur if this function is commanded when the option is not provided.
(b) A program error will occur if an illegal L number or offset number is commanded.
(c) A program error will occur if the offset amount exceeds the maximum command value.
283
13.26 N Number Single Command Skip

(1) Outline
If there is a single sequence number (N number) during cutting feed (G01), or if the sequence No.
is commanded in the same block as the macro control statement, the tool may decelerate at the
block joint, and may cause cutter marks on the machined surface. By validating this function, the
single N number can be skipped to prevent deceleration at the block joint. This realizes a smooth
machining surface.
(2) Example of program

(a) For single N number
N1G90G54X0Y0 ; Y
N2G00X-10.Y-10. ; X
G54 (0, 0)
N3G91G43H1Z-50. ;
N4 X-10.Y-5. ;
N4
N5 X-10.Y-5.;
N5
N6 ; N6
N8 N7
N7; N9
N8X-10.Y-5. ;
N9X-10.Y-5 ; Speed
N10G01Z-20.F500 ;

Time

The tool will decelerate at the N6 and N7 blocks.

The N6 and N7 blocks will be skipped when parameter (100132 SEQ NUM single skip) is
turned ON.
N1G90G54X0Y0 ; Y
N2G00X-10.Y-10. ; X
G54 (0, 0)
N3G91G43H1Z-50. ;
N4 X-10.Y-5. ;
N4
N5 X-10.Y-5. ;
N5
N6 ; Skip
N8
N7 ; Skip N9
N8X-10.Y-5. ;
N9X-10.Y-5 ; Speed
N10G01Z-20.F500 ;

Time
284
(b) For N number + macro control statement
N1G90G54X0Y0 ; Y
N2G00X-10.Y-10. ;
X
G54 (0, 0)
N3G91G43H1Z-50. ;
N4 X-10.Y-5. ;
N4
N5 X-10.Y-5.;
N5
N6
N6 N7
N8
IF[#5023EQ-50.]GOTO9;
N7 X-10.Y-5. ;
Speed
N8 X-10.Y-5 ;
N9 G01Z-20.F500 ;
Time
The axis will decelerate the at the N6 block.

By turning the parameter ON, the program can be executed without decelerating at the N6
block.
N1G90G54X0Y0 ; Y
N2G00X-10.Y-10. ; X
G54 (0, 0)
N3G91G43H1Z-50. ;
N4 X-10.Y-5. ;
N4
N5 X-10.Y-5. ; N5
N6 N8
N9
IF[#5023EQ-50.]GOTO9;
N7 X-10.Y-5. ;
Speed
N8 X-10.Y-5 ;
N9 G01Z-20.F500 ;
Time
(3) Notes
(a) The sequence number on the screen is not updated for a block with a single N number.
Instead, it will be updated at the block containing the next axis address or G code.
(b) Even if the N single block is commanded for compare stop, the operation will not stop, and
instead the program will end.
(c) During graphic check, the N single block will not be skipped regardless of the parameter
settings.
(d) During the high-speed machining modes 1 and 2, the N single block will not be skipped
regardless of the parameter settings.
(e) The sequence number for an N single block can be searched.
(f) The jump destination can be designated with a macro control statement.
(g) When macro signal is ON, single block stop will be executed with the Nn + macro control
statement and Nn + variable command.
285
14. AUTOMATED SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
14.1 High-speed Skip; G31

(1) Outline
If a skip signal is input from an external source during linear interpolation by the G31 command,
the machine feed will stop immediately, the remaining distance will be discarded, and the next
block command will be executed. The feed by the G31 is normally time constant 0ms.
(2) Command format
G31 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Ff1 ;

Skip Command value Feedrate
command
Skip signal input
Feedrate
Program end point
Remaining Position
Actual movement distance distance
Command value

(a) Function
1) The following two types of skip feedrates can be used.
a. If there is an F command in the program, feedrate following program commands.
b. When there is no F command in the program, feedrate following parameter setting.
In either case, the F modal is not updated.
2) Automatic acceleration and deceleration do not apply to the G31 block. The maximum
speed of G31 is determined by the machine specifications.
3) When G31 is commanded, the override is invalid and fixed at 100% if the machine lock is
OFF.
4) The dry run is also invalid. Note that the stop conditions (feed hold, interlock, override zero,
stroke end) are valid. The external speed is also valid.
5) The G31 command is unmodal and so it needs to be assigned each time.
6) If any of the skip singles are input during G31 command start, the G31 command will be
completed immediately. If the skip signal is not input before the G31 block ends, the G31
command will also end at the completion of the movement command.
7) When the G31 command is assigned during radius compensation, program error will occur.
8) When there is no F command in the G31 command and the parameter speed is also zero,
program error will occur.
9) When the automatic machine lock is applied to all axes, the skip signal will be ignored and
execution will continue as far as the end of the block.
286
(b) Skip coordinate readout

The coordinate positions at which the skip signals are entered are stored in system variables
#5061 (1st axis) through #5064 (4th axis). They can therefore be used with the user macros.
:
G90 G00 X-100. ;
G31 X-200. F60 ; Skip command
#101 = #5061 The skip signal input coordinates (workpiece coordinate system)
: are read out in variables #101.
(c) G31 coasting

The amount of coasting from the time when the skip signal is input during the G31 command
until the time when the machine stops differs according to the parameter "112210 skip (G31
skip speed)" and F command in G31.
It takes only a short time to start responding to the skip signal until the machine decelerates
and stops. As a result, this enables the machine to stop with a high degree of precision and
with minimal coasting.
The coasting distance to the feed stop is approximately as follows because of the delay in
detecting the skip signal input.
. F : Coasting amount (mm)
=. 60 (Tp + t) F : G31 speed (mm/min)
Tp : Position loop time constant (s) = (position loop gain)1
t : Response delay time = 0.0035 (s)
(d) Skip coordinate readout error
1) Skip signal input coordinate readout
The coasting amount based on the position loop time constant Tp and cutting feed time
constant Ts is not included in the skip signal input coordinate values.
Therefore, these workpiece coordinate values applying when the skip signal is input can be
read out across the error range in the following formula as the skip signal input coordinate
values. However, coasting amount based on response delay time t1 results in a
measurement error and so compensation must be provided.
F : Readout error (mm)

= 60 t2 F : Feedrate (mm/min)
t2 : Response error time 0.001 (s)
Readout error (m)
+1
0
60 Feedrate (mm/min)
-1
Readout error of skip input coordinates

Measurement value comes
within shaded section.
Readout error with a 60mm/min feedrate is:

= 60 0.001
60
= 0.001 (mm)
Measurement values is within readout error range of 1m.
287
2) Readout of other coordinates

The readout coordinate values include the coasting amount. When coordinate values are
required with skip signal input, refer to "(C) G31 coasting" included in (3) of this section and
compensate. As in the case of 1), the coasting amount based on the delay error time t2
cannot be calculated, and this generates a measuring error.
3) Examples of compensating for coasting amount

a. Compensating for skip signal input coordinates
~
G31 X100. F100 ; Skip command
#110 = Skip feedrate;
#111 = Response delay G04 ; Machine stop check
time t1; #101 = #5061 ; Skip signal input
coordinate readout
#102 = #110 #111/60 ; Coasting amount based
on response delay time
#105 = #101 #102 ; Skip signal input
coordinates
b. Compensating for workpiece coordinates ~

~
G31 X100. F100 ; Skip command

#110 = Skip feedrate;
#111 = Response delay G04 ; Machine stop check
time t1; #101 = #5061 ; Skip signal input coordinate
readout
#112 = Position loop time #102 = #110 #111/60 ; Coasting amount based on
constant Tp; response delay time
#103 = #110 #112/60 ; Coasting amount based on
position loop time constant
#105 = #101 #102 #103; Skip signal input
coordinates
~
288
14.2 Multi-step Skip; G31.1 to G31.4

(1) Outline
By designating the combination of skip signals input from the external source, the program can be
skipped at those conditions. The skip signals that can be used are 1 to 8.
When measuring, multi-step skip can be used to shorten the measurement time by changing the
speed in stages.
Command the skip speed with the command speed F or a parameter. Note that the F modal is not
updated.
There are two multi-skip command formats differing by the method that the skip signal
combination is designating.
When the skip signal is input with the preset conditions during dwell, the remaining dwell time will
be canceled.
Skip input signal

Feedrate
Program end point
Position
Remaining
Actual movement distance distance
Command value
(2) Command format

(a) Method 1
Designate the skip signal combination with parameters for each skip command (G31.1, G31.2,
G31.3, G31.4). When one of the signals in the combination is input, the skip operation takes
place.
G31.n Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Ff1 ; 1: Follows G94/G95.
Skip Command value and Feedrate 2: Follows G90/G91.
command target coordinate value 1
(n=1,2,3,4) 2
(b) Method 2
The skip signals that can be used are 1 to 8. Which of these to be used is designated with P in
the program. When one of the combination signals is completely input, the skip operation
takes place.
When there is no P command, the normal skip command will be applied.
G31.n Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Pp Ff1 ; 1: Follows G94/G95.
Skip Command value and Skip signal Feedrate 2: Follows G90/G91.
command target coordinate value 2 command 1
(c) Dwell skip

Skip can be applied in respect to dwell. The remaining dwell time is canceled by the skip
conditions set with parameters, and the dwell command and the next block will be executed.
Even during dwell (speed designation), the remaining rotation speed can be canceled by the
skip conditions, and the next block will be executed in the same manner.
G04 Xx ; 1: Follows G94/G95.
Dwell Dwell time 1
command
289
(3) Operation example

(a) Method 1
By using multi-step skip, the measurement can be carried out while reducing the speed in
stages, instead of feeding at a set speed, to the measurement point. This allows the
measurement time to be shortened.
Parameter setting
Skip condition (Valid skip signal) Skip speed
G31.1:7 (Valid skip signal 3, 2, 1) 20.0mm/min(f1)
G31.2:3 (Valid skip signal 2, 1) 5.0mm/min(f2)
G31.3:1 (Valid skip signal 1) 1.0mm/min(f3)
Program f
N10 G31.1 X200.0;
N20 G31.2 X40.0; Operation
N30 G31.3 X1.0 (f1) N10
Measurement
distance
(f2) N20
(f3) N30
t
Skip signal 3 input

Skip signal 2 input
Skip signal 1 input
(Note) If the skip signal 1 is input before the skip signal 2 during execution of N20 above,
N20 will be skipped at that point, and M30 will end immediately.

(a) Skip feedrate
The skip feedrate is commanded with the program command or with parameters.
1) When there is an F command in the program, the feedrate will follow the program
command.
2) When there is no F command in the program, the feedrate will follow the parameter
settings.
Refer to the Parameter Manual for details on the parameters.
Note that in either case, the F modal will not be updated.
If there is no F command in the G31.n command and the parameter speed is "0", the program
error "PR0603 Skip speed 0" will occur.
(b) Skip conditions

The skip conditions are commanded with the program command or parameters.
1) Method 1 or dwell skip
The skip signal combinations are designated with the parameters, and when even one of
the combination signals is input, the skip operation will take place.
Refer to the Parameter Manual for details on the parameters.
Refer to the following table for the relation of the skip conditions and valid signals.
2) Method 2
The skip signal combination is designated with the P following G31. When even one of the
combination signals is input, the skip operation will take place.
Command P in the range of 1 to 255. If the command range is exceeded, the program error
"PR0035 Address range over" will occur. When commanded with a decimal, the value after
the decimal point will be ignored.
Refer to the following table for the relation of the P value and valid signals.
290
Skip signal Valid skip signal

command P 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
: : : : : : : : :
253
254
255
291
14.3 Automatic Tool Length Measurement; G37

(1) Outline
By using G37, the tool length can be automatically measured with program commands.
When this command is issued, the tool end is moved to the tool measurement position. When the
sensor is contacted, the tool immediately stops, and the remaining commands are canceled. At
the same time, the difference of the coordinate value when measurement point is reached and the
G37 start position is calculated, and registered as the tool length compensation amount.
(2) Command format
G37 Zz1 Rr1 Dd1 Ff1 ;

Measurement Command Deceleration Measurement Feedrate
command value region region
Z: Measurement axis address and measurement position coordinate value

R: Distance between point for starting movement at measurement speed and
measurement position
D: Range for tool to stop
F: Measurement speed
If R_, D_, and F_ are omitted, the values set in the parameters will be used.

(a) Example of execution and operation
Program example
Reference point (Z0)
G28 Z0 ;
T01 ;
M06 T02 ;
Tool G43 G00 Z0 H01 ;
length G37 Z-300. R10. D2. F10 ;
Tool
Movement Here, H01 (H01=TLM+Za1-Z0) is calculated as the
amount by tool length compensation amount, and is registered
tool length in the tool compensation table.
measurement
Z0
A region A region
: Move with G0
Tool length B1, B2 region
measurement point : Move at measurement feedrate
(Za1) B1 region
: Error when sensor signal is input
B1 B2 region
region r1 : Error when sensor signal is not input
f1
Sensor d1
B2
region Z1
d1
292
1) The sensor signal (measuring position arrival signal) is used in common with the skip signal.
2) The feedrate will be 1mm/min if the F command and parameter measurement speed are 0.
3) An updated offset amount is valid from the Z axis (measurement axis) command following the
G37 command.
4) Excluding the values applying at the PLC side, the delay or fluctuations in the sensor signal
processing range from 0 to 0.2ms at the NC system side only.
Therefore, a measuring error will arise as follows:
Maximum measuring error [mm] = Measuring speed [mm/min] 1/60 0.2 [ms]/1000
5) The machine position coordinates are read by sensor signal detection, and the machine will
overtravel and stop at a position equivalent to the servo droop.
Maximum overtravel [mm] = Measuring speed [mm/min] 1/60 1/Position loop gain [1/s].
6) The standard position loop gain is 33 [1/s].
7) When the current tool length offset amount is zero, it will be interpreted as a new measurement,
and the length dimension will be compensated.
8) When the tool length offset amount is not zero and there is a distinction between the length
dimensions and length wear, the length wear will be compensated. If there is no distinction, the
length dimensions will be compensated.
(4) Notes
(a) A program error will occur when any axis is not commanded in the G37 block or when two or
more axes have been commanded.
(b) A program error will occur if the H code is not commanded in the G37 block.
(c) Command G37 as a pair with the G43H_ command that designates the compensation number.
A program error will occur if G43H_ is not commanded before the G37 block.
(d) A program error will occur when the sensor signal was input outside the allowable measuring
range or when the sensor signal was not detected even when the tool arrived at the end point.
(e) When manual interrupt has been applied during movement at the measuring speed, return to
the position prior to interrupt and then operation must be resumed.
(f) The data commanded in G37 or the parameter setting data must meet the following
conditions:
| Measurement point start point | > R command or parameter r > D command or parameter d
(g) When the D command and parameter d in (f) above are zero, operation will be completed
normally only when the commanded measurement point and sensor signal detection point
coincide. Otherwise, program error will result.
(h) When the R and D commands as well as parameters r and d in (f) above are all zero, a
program error will occur regardless of whether the sensor signal is present or not after
positioning at the commanded measurement point.
293
15. PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
15.1 Pre-movement Stroke Check; G22/G23

(1) Outline
By commanding the boundaries from the program with coordinate values on the machine
coordinate system, machine entry into that boundary can be prohibited. This can be set only for
the three basic axes.
While the normal stored stroke limit stops entry before the prohibited area, this function causes a
program error before movement to the block if a command exceeding the valid movement area is
issued.
G code Function
G22 Pre-movement stroke check ON
G23 Pre-movement stroke check OFF
(2) Command format

The G22 command format is as follows.
(Note) In the following command format, the basic axes are X, Y and Z. If the basic axis name
differs, command the point 1 coordinate command address with the basic axis name.
The inner side of the boundary commanded with the point 1 coordinate and point 2 coordinate is
the prohibited area.
If the command is omitted, "0" will be set for the address.
G22 Xx1 Yy1 Zz1 Ii1 Jj1 Kk1 ;
Pre-movement Point 1 coordinate Point 2 coordinate
stroke check ON
The G23 command format is as follows.

G23 ;
Pre-movement
stroke cancel

The area designated with this function is different from the area designated with the stored stroke
limit. However, the area enabled by both functions will be the actual valid movement range.
Entry prohibited area Point 3

Entry prohibited area
Machine coordinate
Machine valid movement range system
The point 1 and 2 values are

Entry prohibited area
Point 1 (XYZ) commanded with coordinate values

Entry prohibited on the machine coordinate system.
area by G22
Points 3 and 4 are the outer side
Point 2 (IJI)
stroke limit set with stored stroke
limit (I or II).
Point 4
+setting
-setting value value
(Note) The upper limit value and lower limit value (points 1 and 2 in the above drawing) are
commanded with coordinate values on the machine coordinate system.
294
(4) Restrictions
(a) This function is valid only when starting the automatic operation. When interrupted with
manual absolute OFF, the prohibited area will also be shifted by the interrupted amount.
(b) An error will occur during stroke check if the start point or end point is in the prohibited area.
(c) Stroke check will not be carried out for axes having the same value set for point 1 and point
2.
(d) The stroke check is carried out with the tool center coordinate values.
(e) If G23X_Y_Z_; etc., is commanded, the command will be interpreted as G23;X_Y_Z;. Thus,
after the pre-movement stroke check is canceled, movement will take place with the previous
movement modal.
(f) During automatic reference point return, the check will not be carried out between the
intermediate point and zero point. With G29, when moving between the start point and
intermediate point, the check will not be carried out.
(g) If there is an address not used in one block, the warning "PRW0004 Unused address exists"
will occur.
(h) When the basic axis is set as a rotary-type rotation axis, the prohibited area will change from
0 to 360 in the same manner as the movement command.
If the setting extends over "0", the side containing "0" will be the check area. (Refer to the
example below.)
Example
1) G22 Z45. K315. : Stroke check area 45. Z 315.
2) G22 Z115. K45. : Stroke check area 225. Z 315.
3) G22 Z45. K45. : Stroke check area 0. Z 45., 315. Z 360.
1) 2) 3)
45 45
0 0
360 360
315 Shaded area: Check area

-115 -45 -45
225 315 315
295
APPENDIX 1. LIST OF VARIABLE NUMBERS

: Reading/writing possible
: Writing not possible
: Unrelated to reading/writing
Variable
Details Read Write
No. (#)
0 Blank
1 to 33 Local variable
Argument designation I
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 to 26 27 to 33
Argument
A B C I J K D E F G H L M N to Z
address
Argument designation II
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 to 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Argument
A B C I1 J1 K1 I2 J2 K2 I3 to K8 I9 J9 K9 I10 J10 K10
address
100 to 199 Common variable

500 to 999 100 sets: 100 to 149, 500 to 549
200 sets: 100 to 199, 500 to 599
300 sets: 100 to 199, 500 to 699
600 sets: 100 to 199, 500 to 999
450 to 499 Machine maker macro variables (Can be used only in machine maker macro
program.)
1000 to Macro I/F input
1031 # Details # Details
1032 to 1000 Register R 124 bit0 1034 Register R 128, R 129
1041
to 1035 Register R 130, R 131
1015 Register R 124 bit15 1036 Register R 140, R 141
1032 Register R 124, R 125 1040 Register R 148, R 149
1100 to Macro I/F output

1131 # Details # Details
1132 to 1100 Register R 24 bit0 1134 Register R 28, R 29
1141 to 1135 Register R 30, R 31
(Note) Variables compatible with additional specifications can be used when those additional
specifications have been added.
296
Variable
Details Read Write
No. (#)
1900 Machining parameter C axis rotation radius
1901 Machining parameter C axis insertion radius
3000 NC alarm (alarm display in the macro program)
3001 Cumulative time 1
3002 Cumulative time 2
3003 Control of single block stop and miscellaneous function finish signal wait
3004 Feed hold, feedrate override, G09 valid/invalid
3006 Message display/stop (message display in the macro program, block stop)
3007 Mirror image
3008 Miscellaneous function lock state
3009 Miscellaneous function lock invalid
3011 Clock (year/month/day)
3012 Clock (hour/min./sec.)
4001 to Modal information
4520 Execut-i Modal Pre-re Execut-i Inter-r
Modal information Pre-read Interrupt
ng information ad ng upt
G code (group 1) 4001 4201 4401 M code 4113 4313 4513
to N code 4114 4314 4514
G code (group 19) 4019 4219 4419 O code 4115 4315 4515
Tool nose radius S code 4119 4319 4519
4107 4307 4507
compensation No. D
T code 4120 4320 4520
Feedrate F 4109 4309 4509
Tool length offset
4111 4311 4511
No. H
5001 to Position information

5114 Axis
5th axis to
Position 1st axis 2nd axis 3rd axis 4th axis
14th axis
information
Block end point 5001 5002 5003 5004 5005 to 5014
Machine coordinates 5021 5022 5023 5024 5025 to 5034
Workpiece coordinates 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 to 5054
Skip coordinates 5061 5062 5063 5064 5065 to 5074
Tool position offset amount 5081 5082 5083 5084 5085 to 5094
Servo deviation amount 5101 5102 5103 5104 5105 to 5114
(Note) Variables compatible with additional specifications can be used when those additional
specifications have been added.
297
Variable
Details Read Write
No. (#)
5201 to Workpiece coordinate offset
5334
7001 to Axis 5th axis to
1st axis 2nd axis 3rd axis 4th axis
Workpiece 14th axis
8914
EXT 5201 5202 5203 5204 5205 to 5214
G54 5221 5222 5223 5224 5225 to 5234
G55 5241 5242 5243 5244 5245 to 5254
G56 5261 5262 5263 5264 5265 to 5274
G57 5281 5282 5283 5284 5285 to 5294
G58 5301 5302 5303 5304 5305 to 5314
G59 5321 5322 5323 5324 5325 to 5334
G54.1 P1 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005 to 7014
to : : : : :
G54.1 P96 8901 8902 8903 8904 8905 to 8914
10001 Tool offset

to18040 The tool data can be read and a value can be substituted using the variable
2001 to number.
2940 Either the #10000 address or #2000 address variables can be used.
The last three digits of the variable number correspond to the tool offset
number.
Variable number range Type I Type II

#10001 to #10000 + n #2001 to #2000 + n
#11001 to #11000 + n #2201 to #2200 + n
#16001 to #16000 + n #2401 to #2400 + n
#17001 to #17000 + n #2601 to #2600 + n
n: Number of compensation sets

Standard 40 sets
Additional specifications 800 sets
The tool offset data is the same as other variables, and is data with decimal
points. Thus, when substituting data less than the decimal point, command
the decimal point.
(Note) Variables compatible with additional specifications can be used when those additional specifications
have been added.
298
APPENDIX 2. FIXED CYCLE PROGRAM
2.1 Parameters for Fixed Cycle Program Operation

The subprograms in the standard fixed cycles G73, G74, G76 and G81 to G89 can be input/output
and edited.
It is also possible to create separate subprograms, and use G70, G71, G72, G75, G77, G78 and G79
as user fixed cycles.
These subprograms can also be input/output and edited.
Caution
Do not change fixed cycle programs without the prior approval of the machine manufacturer.
2.1 Parameters for Fixed Cycle Program Operation

The "INPUT/OUTPUT SCREEN" and "EDIT" screens are used to input/output and edit subprogram
data for each G70 to G89 fixed cycle, the same as the operation for normal user-created machining
programs. However, the parameter (basic common parameter 110007 Fix_P) must be set beforehand.
(1) Turn ON the parameters for fixed cycle operation.
(1) Display the BASIC COMMON

PARAMETER SCREEN of
the machine parameters.
The "INPUT/OUTPUT SCREEN" and "EDIT" screens

(2) Set "1" to the parameter are dedicated for fixed cycle program operation while
"110007 Fix_P". this parameter is valid.
1 INPUT (The machining programs handled here become fixed
cycle control programs.)
Only fixed cycle programs are displayed in the
program list.
(Note 1) Set "0" to the parameter "110007 Fix_P" after the operations related to fixed cycle
programs are finished. (This enables the normal user created machining programs to be
operated.) This parameter is set to "0" when the power is turned ON.
299
2.2 Input/Output of Fixed Cycle Programs
2.2 Input/Output of Fixed Cycle Programs

The fixed cycle programs are transferred (input/output with external devices) on the INPUT/OUTPUT
SCREEN. Confirm that the fixed cycle operation parameter "110007 Fix_P" on the BASIC COMMON
PARAMETER SCREEN is set to "1".
The operation method is the same as that for transferring user machining programs.
(1) Input (external device memory)

The operation method is the same as that for user machining programs.
Generally, 12 groups of fixed cycle subprograms configure one set. Thus, when inputting, it is
convenient to create types that can be continuously input.
When the data transfer starts, the message "Transferring" is displayed. When the EOR code is
read, the data transfer finishes and the message "Transfer complete" is displayed.
After inputting, use the program list and EDIT screen to confirm that the data was correctly
registered.
(2) Output (memory external device)

The registered fixed cycle programs can be output one at a time or as a batch of programs.
When the data transfer starts, the message "Transferring" is displayed. When the EOR code is
read, the data transfer finishes and the message "Transfer complete" is displayed.
After outputting, verify the data to confirm that there are no output errors.
(3) Erasure
The registered fixed cycle programs can be erased one at a time or as a batch of continuous
programs.
Set the device, directory and No. of the program to be erased in setting column A. When erasing a
batch of continuous programs, set the range of program Nos. to be erased.
The message "Erase complete" is displayed if the data erasure process finishes normally.
If some files that could not be erased remain after a batch of programs is erased, the message
"Erase ended. Some file not erased" is displayed.
300
2.3 Standard Fixed Cycle Programs
G81 (O100000810) Drill, spot drill
Fixed cycle block 1 movement command.

G. 1 ; Check for fixed cycle invalidity.
IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#2 = ##5
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ; Inhibit single block stop.
G1 Z#3 ;
#3003 = #8 ; Retract.
G0 Z #3 #2 ;
N1 M99%
G82 (O100000820) Drill, counter boring

IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#2 = ##5 Inhibit single block stop.
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 Z#3 ; Dwell.
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO5 ;
G4 P#4 ;
N5 #3003 = #8 ; Retract.
G0 Z #3 #2 ;
N1 M99%
G83 (O100000830) Deep hole drill cycle

Check for fixed cycle invalidity.
G. 1 ;
Define the cutting amount.
IF [#30] GOTO2 ;
Initialize the return amount (total cutting amount).
#29 = #11
#28 = 0 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
Inhibit single block stop.
#2 = ##5
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
Define the return amount of the next block.
DO 1 ;
Calculate the feed amount.
#28 = #28 #11 Feed.
#26 = #28 #29 Does the total cutting amount (return amount)
Z#26 ; exceed the cut amount?
IF [ABS [#28] GE [ABS [#3] ] ] GOTO 1 ;
Cutting feed.
(Continued on the next page)
G1 Z#29 ;
301
(Continued from the previous page)
G0 Z#28 ; Retract.
#29 = #11 + #14 ; Define the cutting amount for block 2 and after.
END1 ;
N1 G1 Z#3 #26 ; Cutting feed
#3003 = #8 ;
G0 Z #3 #2 ; Retract.
N2 M99%
G84 (O100000840) Tap cycle

G. 1 ;
IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#2 = ##5
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
Invalidate feed hold/override.
#3004 = #9 OR 3 ;
G1 Z#3 ;
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO5 ;
Dwell.
G4 P#4 ;
Rotate the spindle reversely.
N5 M4 ;
#3900 = 1 ;
G1 Z #3 ;
#3004 = #9 ;
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO6 ;
Dwell.
G4 P#4 ;
Rotate the spindle forward.
N6 M3 ;
#3003 = #8 ;
Retract.
G0 Z #2 ;
N1 M99%
G85 (O100000850) Boring 1

G. 1 ;
IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#2 = ##5
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 Z#3 ;
#3003 = #8 ;
Z #3 ; Retract.
G0 Z #2 ;
N1 M99%
302
G86 (O100000860) Boring 2

IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 Z#3 ; Dwell.
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO5 ; Stop the spindle.
G4 P#4 ; Retract.
N5 M5 ;
G0 Z #3 #2 ;
#3003 = #8 ; Rotate the spindle forward.
M3 ;
N1 M99%
G87 (O100000870) Back boring

IF [#30] GOTO1 ; Inhibit single block stop.
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
#26 = #30064 + #30074 ;
#28 = #12 COS [#26] + #13 SIN [#26] ;
#29 = #13 COS [#26] #12 SIN [#26] ; Orient the spindle.
M19 ;
X#28 Y#29 ; Cancel single block stop inhibition.
#3003 = #8 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ; Inhibit single block stop.
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 X #28 Y #29 ; Cancel single block stop inhibition.
#3003 = #8 ;
M3 ;
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
Z#3 ; Orient the spindle.
M19 ; Shift.
G0 X#28 Y#29 ; G87 is not affected by the G98 or G99 modal.
Z #2 #3 ; Cancel single block stop inhibition.
Shift.
#3003 = #8 ;
X #28 Y #29 ;
M3 ;
N1 M99%
303
G88 (O100000880) Boring 3

IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 Z#3 ;
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO5 ; Dwell.
G4 P#4 ; Cancel single block stop inhibition.
N5 #3003 = #8 ; Rotate the spindle forward
M5 ; Inhibit single block stop.
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ; Retract.
G0 Z #3 #2 ; Cancel single block stop inhibition.
#3003 = #8 ; Rotate the spindle forward.
M3 ;
N1 M99%
G89 (O100000890) Boring 4

IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 Z#3 ;
G4 P#4 ;
N5 #3003 = #8 ;
Z #3 ; Retract.
G0 Z #2 ;
N1 M99%
304
G73 (O100000730) Step cycle

G. 1 ;
IF [#30] GOTO2 ;
Initialize the total cutting amount.
#29 = 0
Define the cutting amount.
#28 = #11
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#2 = ##5
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
DO 1 ;
Increment the total cutting amount counter.
#29 = #29 + #11 ;
Does the total cutting amount exceed the cut
IF [ABS [#29] GE [ABS [#3] ] ] GOTO1 ;
amount Z?
Cutting feed
G1 Z#28 ;
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO5 ;
Dwell.
G4 P#4 ;
Retract.
N5 G0 Z #14 ;
Define the cutting amount for block 2 and after.
#28 = #11 + #14 ;
END1 ;
Cutting feed
N1 G1 Z#3 #29 + #28 ;
IF [#4 EQ #0] GOTO6 ;
Dwell.
G4 P#4 ;
N6 #3003 = #8 ;
Retract.
G0 Z #3 #2 ;
N2 M99%
G74 (O100000740) Reverse tap cycle

IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ; Invalidate feed hold/override.
#3004 = #9 OR 3 ;
G1 Z#3 ;
G4 P#4 ; Rotate the spindle forward.
N5 M3 ;
#3900 = 1 ;
Z #3 ;
#3004 = #9 ;
G4 P#4 ; Rotate the spindle reversely.
N6 M4 ;
#3003 = #8 ; Retract.
G0 Z #2 ;
N1 M99%
305
G76 (O100000760) Fine boring

IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G. 1 ;
IF [#30] GOTO1 ;
G0 Z#2 G#6 H#7 ;
#2 = ##5
#26 = #30064 + #30074 ;
#28 = #12 COS [#26] + #13 SIN [#26] ;
#29 = #13 COS [#26] #12 SIN [#26] ;
#3003 = #8 OR 1 ;
G1 Z#3 ;
Orient the spindle.
M19 ;
Shift.
X#28 Y#29 ;
Retract.
G0 Z #3 #2 ;
#3003 = #8 ;
Shift.
X #28 Y #29 ; Rotate the spindle forward.
M3 ;
N1 M99%
306
2.4 Fixed Cycle Variables
2.4 Fixed Cycle Variables

(1) Hole drilling fixed cycle variables
Variable Command
Contents
No. address
#0 Null data
#1 Between I and R point distance
#2 R_ R point positioning amount (incremental)
#3 Total cutting amount (incremental)
#4 P_ Dwell time
#5 R point/initial point (G99=0/G98=1)
#6 G43/G44/G49 Tool length offset G code
#7 H_ Tool length offset No.
#8 #3003 System variable #3003 copy
#9 #3004 System variable #3004 copy
#10 Z_ Absolute value of command value Z (only when an absolute
value is commanded, this variable can be set.)
#11 Q_ Cutting amount/shift amount (incremental)
#12 I_ Shift amount [horizontal axis] (incremental)
#13 J_ Shift amount [vertical axis] (incremental)
#14 Parameter G73 return amount/G83 clearance amount
#15 D_ User release variable
#16 R_ User release variable
#17 Z_ User release variable
#18 Q_ User release variable
#19 I_ User release variable
#20 J_ User release variable
#21 K_ User release variable
#22 to #25 System reserve (do not use)
#26 to #29 Temporary variable
(2) Fixed cycle common variables
Variable Command
Contents
No. address
#30 Axis, R, Z command present/absent flag
#31 Command axis address flag
#32 Incremental/absolute value flag
#33 1st axis data
#34 2nd axis data
#35 3rd axis data
#36 4th axis data
#37 5th axis data
#38 6th axis data
#39 to #48 Special fixed cycle variable
#49 to #69 Temporary variable
#70 to #98 System reserve
#99 Control unit
(Note1) Do not write in #0 to #14, #39 to #48 and #99.

(Note2) Do not use (read and write in) #22 to #25, #30 to #38 and #70 to #98, because these
variables are controlled by system side.
307
APPENDIX 3. LIST OF ALARMS
3.1 Program Errors

3.1 Program Errors
These alarms occur during automatic operation, and the causes of these alarm are mainly program
errors which occur, for instance, when mistakes have been made in the preparation of the machining
programs or when programs conform to the NC specification have not been prepared. (The error No.
and message appear on the screen.)
Error No. Message Details Remedy

PR0001 Mode mismatch Automatic start was attempted in Match the operation mode with
a mode different from that of the that of the searched device,
device for which operation search then retry automatic start.
was performed.
PR0002 Search during auto A search was attempted during Execute the search after the
operation program operation. program operation has finished.
PR0003 Device invalid A nonexistent or inoperable Check the device availability
device was designated. and whether it is usable.
PR0004 No file designation A program file has not been Reconsider the program.
designated.
PR0005 No file The designated program file does Reconsider the program.
not exist.
PR0006 No N/B number The designated sequence No. (or Reconsider the program.
program No.) does not exist, or a
block having the designated block
No. does not exist.
PR0010 No. of simultaneous The number of axis addresses Divide the alarm block
axes over commanded in the same block command into two.
exceeds the specifications. Check the specifications.
PR0011 Illegal axis address The axis address commanded by Revise the axis names in the
the program and the axis address program.
set by the parameter do not match.
PR0020 Division error An axis command that cannot be Reconsider the program.
divided by the command unit was
issued.
PR0032 Illegal address An address not listed in the Check and revise the program
specifications has been address.
designated. Check the specifications.
PR0033 Format error The command format in the Reconsider the program.
program is not correct.
PR0034 Illegal G code A G code not listed in the Check and correct the G code
specifications has been used. address in the program.
PR0035 Address range over The setting range for the Reconsider the program.
addresses has been exceeded.
PR0036 Program end error "EOR" has been read during tape Reconsider the program.
and memory operation.
M02 and M30 are not entered at
the end of the program.
M99 is not entered at the end of
the subprogram. (Or, G23 or G68
is not entered at the end of the
subprogram when it is compliant
with an M2/M0 format.)
308
3.1 Program Errors

PR0037 Label and N number Zero has been designated for a The program numbers are
zero program number or sequence designated across a range from
number. 1 to 99999999.
The sequence numbers are
designated across a range from
1 to 99999.
PR0038 No additional Op "/n" has been issued even though Check the specifications.
block skip there are no optional block skip
addition specifications.
PR0039 No EOB There was no EOB code at the Use an EOB code at the end of
end of the program block, and an the program block.
EOR (%) code resulted.
PR0040 Unused address More address than those that can Reconsider the program.
exists be simultaneously commanded in
one block were commanded.
Number of simultaneous
commands in one block:
M = maximum 4 commands,
other than M = 1
PR0041 Overlap G code Multiple G codes were Reconsider the program.
exists commanded in the same group.
PR0042 Meaningless H code An H command other than H0 Reconsider the program.
was commanded independently
during tool length offset.
PR0043 No end point The end point coordinate Reconsider the program.
operation in arc command has not been issued for
the R-designated arc.
PR0050 No inch/mm spec. A command has been issued with Check the specifications.
a G code for inch/mm conversion
even though there is no inch/mm
conversion G code specifications.
PR0060 Compensation The commanded movement Reconsider the program.
length over distance is excessive. (It exceeds
231)
PR0061 No 1-direction The G60 command has been Check the specifications.
positioning spec. issued even though there is no Change the G60 program
uni-direction positioning command to G00.
specifications.
PR0062 No F command The feedrate command has not Designate an F command in the
been entered. program.
This alarm occurs because the

movement modal command is set
to G01 when the power is turned
ON, and so movement will be
based on the G1 command,
provided that a movement
command is issued, even without
G01 having been designated in
the program.
309
3.1 Program Errors

PR0063 No high speed mode The high speed mode command Check the specifications.
spec. has been issued even though
there are no specifications.
PR0070 Arc end point There is an error in the arc start Check the numerical values of
deviation large and end points as well as in the the addresses that specify the
arc center. start and end points as well as
the arc center in the program.
Check the "+" and "" directions
of the address numerical
values.
PR0071 Can't calculate arc The arc center is not calculated Check the numerical values of
center during R-specified circular the addresses in the program.
interpolation.
PR0072 No heircal spec. A helical command was issued Check the specifications.
even though there are no helical
specifications.
Three axes were commanded for If this is not a helical command,
the arc command. move the linear axes command
to the next block.
PR0073 No scroll spec. A spiral command was issued The G02.1 and G03.1
despite the fact that such a commands are issued for
command does not exist in the circular interpolation.
specifications. Check the spiral specifications.
PR0080 No hypothetic axis A hypothetical axis command Check the hypothetical axis
spec. (G07) was issued despite the fact specifications.
that such a command does not Change the G07 command.
exist in the specifications.
PR0090 No thread cutting A thread cutting command was Check the specifications.
spec. issued despite the fact that such a
command does not exist in the
specifications.
PR0093 Screw pitch err The thread lead (thread pitch) is Correctly set the thread lead.
incorrect.
PR0100 No cylinder Cylindrical interpolation was Check the specifications.
interpolation spec. commanded even though there
are no cylindrical interpolation
specifications.
PR0101 Cylinder mode error A command not permitted with the Reconsider the machining
cylindrical mode was issued. program.
PR0110 Plane selected A plane selection command (G17, Delete the plane selection
during pattn rot G18, G19) has been issued in a command (G17, G18, G19)
pattern rotation command. from the pattern rotation
subprogram.
PR0111 Coord rotation plane A plane selection command (G17, Upon completion of the G68
selection G18, G19) has been issued in a command, the plane selection
coordinate rotation command command must be issued
(G68). following the G69 command
(coordinate rotation cancel).
(For the program based on the
M2/M0 format, the coordinate
rotation command is G68.1 and
the coordinate rotation cancel
command is G69.1.)
310
3.1 Program Errors

PR0112 Plane selected A plane selection command (G17, Issue the plane selection
during R compen G18, G19) has been issued when command after the tool radius
the tool radius compensation compensation command has
command (G41, G42) is issued. been completed (issue the G40
cancel command.)
PR0120 No synchronous Synchronous feed was Check the specifications.
feed spec. commanded even though there are Change the synchronous feed
no synchronous feed command (G95) to a feed per
specifications. minute command (G94).
(Also change the F command
value.)
PR0121 In F0 arc modal The F0 command (F1-digit rapid Rapid traverse cannot be
mode traverse command) has issued commanded and so any
when the circular interpolation F1-digit command except F0
command (G02, G03) was issued should be designated for the
during the F1-digit feed circular interpolation command.
command. Issue the G0 or G1 command
unless the block which caused
the alarm is the circular
command block.
PR0122 No auto corner An automatic corner override Check the specifications. Delete
override spec. command (G62) was issued the G62 command from the
despite the fact that such a program.
specifications.
PR0124 No G93 spec. The inverse time feed option is Check the specifications.
not provided.
PR0125 G93 mode error A G command that cannot be Reconsider the program.
commanded in the G93 mode
was issued. Or, the G93 was
commanded in a mode incapable
of inverse time feed.
PR0140 No t-pos offset The tool position compensation Check the specifications.
option is not provided.
PR0141 T-pos during Tool position compensation was Reconsider the program.
pat/cood rot attempted during figure rotation or
program coordinate rotation.
PR0142 T-pos offset G3 error An arc command with which Reconsider the program.
position compensation is not
possible was issued.
PR0150 No nose radius A tool radius compensation Check the tool radius
compensation command (G41, G42) has been compensation specification.
issued even though such a
specifications.
PR0151 Radius compen in A compensation command (G40, Issue the linear command
arc modal G41, G42, G43, G44) has been (G01) or rapid traverse
issued in the arc modal (G02, command (G00) in the
G03). compensation command block
or cancel block. (Set the modal
to linear interpolation.)
311
3.1 Program Errors

PR0152 No intersection The intersection is not obtained Reconsider the program.
when one block is skipped during
the processing of an interference
block with the execution of a tool
radius compensation command
(G41, G42).
PR0153 Compensation An interference error has arisen Reconsider the program.
interference while the tool radius
compensation command (G41,
G42) was being executed.
PR0154 No A three-dimensional compensation Check the specifications.
3D-compensation command was issued even though
spec. there are no three-dimensional
compensation specifications.
PR0155 Fix cyc executed A fixed cycle command has been The radius compensation mode
during compen issued in the radius compensation is established when a fixed
mode. cycle command is executed
and so the radius
compensation cancel command
(G40) should be issued.
PR0164 No optional Backward movement was Check the specifications.
backward spec. commanded even though there
are no backward movement
specifications.
PR0170 No compensation The compensation number Add the compensation number
number (D ) command was not given command to the compensation
when the radius compensation command block.
command (G41, G42, G43) was
issued. Alternatively, the
compensation number is larger
than the number of sets in the
specifications.
PR0171 No G10 spec. G10 command has been issued Check the specifications.
even though such a command
does not exist in the
specifications.
PR0172 G10 L-number error The address command is not Check the address L-number of
correct when the G10 command the G10 command and correct
is issued. the number.
PR0174 No G11 spec. The G11 command has been Check the specifications.
issued even though there are no
program tool compensation input
(G11) specifications.
PR0180 No fixed cycle A fixed cycle command was issued Check the specifications.
even though there are not fixed Correct the program.
cycle (G72 to G89) specifications.
PR0181 No spindle The spindle speed command has Issue the spindle speed
command not been issued when the hole command (S) when the hole
(Tap cycle) drilling fixed cycle command is drilling fixed cycle command
given. G84 or G74 is given.
312
3.1 Program Errors

PR0182 Synchronous tap Connection with the spindle unit Check the connection with the
error was not established. spindle.
Check that the spindle encoder
exists.
PR0183 No pitch/thread The pitch or thread number Specifies the pitch data and the
number command has not been issued in number of threads via F or E
the tap cycle of a hole drilling command.
fixed cycle command.
PR0184 Pitch/thread number The pitch or thread number Check the pitch data or the
error command is not correct in the tap number of threads.
cycle of a hole drilling fixed cycle
command.
PR0220 No special fixed There are no special fixed cycle Check the specifications.
cycle spec. specifications.
PR0221 No. of special fixed 0 has been specified as the Reconsider the program.
holes = 0 number of holes in special fixed
cycle.
PR0222 G36 angle interval 0 has been specified as the angle Reconsider the program.
error internal with G36.
PR0223 G12/G13 radius The radius value is less than the Reconsider the program.
error compensation amount specified
with G12 or G13.
PR0224 No G12/G13 spec. There are no circular cutting Check the specifications.
specifications.
PR0230 Sub-program A subprogram has been called 8 Check the number of
nesting over or more times in succession from subprogram calls and correct the
the subprogram. program so that it does not
exceed 8 times.
PR0231 No N-Number The sequence number set at Specify the sequence numbers
sub-program call time, at return in the call block of the
from the subprogram or specified subprogram.
by GOTO, was not set.
PR0232 No program No. When the subprogram is called, it Register the subprogram.
is not registered.
PR0240 No variable A variable command was issued Check the specifications.
command even though there are no variable
command (# ) specifications.
PR0241 No variable number The variable number commanded Check the specifications.
is higher than the variable Check the program variable
numbers in the specifications. number.
PR0242 Variable definition = The "=" sign has not been Designate the "=" sign in the
none commanded when a variable is variable definition of the
defined. program.
PR0243 Can't use variables An unavailable variable has been Correct the program.
commanded in the left side or
right side of a formula.
PR0244 No. of var definitions The No. of variables that can be Correct the program.
over defined in one block was
exceeded.
313
3.1 Program Errors

PR0250 No pattern rotation A pattern rotation command was Check the specifications.
such command specifications.
PR0251 Pattern rotation A pattern rotation command was Check the program.
duplicated issued during another pattern
rotation command.
PR0252 Pattern and coord A pattern rotation command and Check the program.
rotation coordinate rotation command
have been designated
simultaneously.
PR0260 No coordinates A coordinate rotation command Check the specifications.
rotation was issued even though there are
no such command specifications.
PR0270 No user macro A macro specification was Check the specifications.
commanded even though there
are no such command
specifications.
PR0271 No macro interrupt A macro interrupt command was Check the specifications.
macro interrupt specifications.
PR0272 NC text/macro text An NC statement and a macro Reconsider the program and
simultaneous statement exist together in the place the NC statement and
same block. macro statement in separate
blocks.
PR0273 Macro call nesting The frequency of the macro call Reconsider the program and
over has exceeded the quantity correct it so that the macro calls
determined in the specifications. do not exceed the limit imposed
by the specification.
PR0275 Variable number The number of macro call Reconsider the program.
illegal argument type II sets has
exceeded the limit.
PR0276 Macro call cancel A G67 command was issued Reconsider the program. The
independent even though it was not during the G67 command is the call
G66 command modal. cancel command and so the
G66 command must be
designated first before G67 is
issued.
PR0277 Macro alarm An alarm command has been Refer to OPERATOR
message issued in #3000. MESSAGE on DIAGN screen.
Refer to instruction manual
issued by machine
manufacturer.
PR0280 '[' and ']' nesting over The number of parentheses [ , ] Reconsider the program and
which can be commanded in a correct it so that the number of
single block has exceeded five. " [ " or " ] " does not exceed
five.
PR0281 Number of '[' and ']' The number of " [ " and " ] " Reconsider the program and
differ parentheses commanded in a correct it so that the " [ " and
single block do not match. " ] " parentheses are paired up
properly.
PR0282 Can't calculate The arithmetic formula is Reconsider the program to
incorrect. correct the arithmetic formula.
314
3.1 Program Errors

PR0283 Zero division The denominator of the division is Reconsider the program and
zero. correct it so that the
denominator for division in the
formula is not zero.
PR0284 Overflow value The integer value exceeded 231 Review the program's operation
(2311) during the operation expression, and correct so that
process. the operated integer value does
not exceed 231 (2311).
PR0285 Float value overflow The variable data has overflowed. Reconsider the variable data in
the program.
PR0290 IF statement error There is an error in the IF Reconsider the program.
[<conditional>] GOTO statement.
PR0291 WHILE statement There is an error in the WHILE Reconsider the program.
error [<conditional>] DO - END
statement.
PR0292 SETVN statement There is an error in the SETVN Reconsider the program.
error statement when the variable The number of characters in the
name was set. variable name of the SETVN
statement must be 7 or less.
PR0293 DO-END nesting The number of [ ]s for DO - END Reconsider the program and
over in the WHILE [<conditional>] DO - correct it so that the number of
END statement has exceeded 27. the DO - END statements does
not exceed 27.
PR0294 DO and END not in The DOs and ENDs are not Reconsider the program and
proper pairs paired off properly. correct it so that the DOs and
ENDs are paired off properly.
PR0295 Tape WHILE/ GOTO There is a WHILE or GOTO During tape operation, a
statement on the tape during tape program which includes a
operation. WHILE or GOTO statement
cannot be executed and so the
memory operation mode is
established instead.
PR0300 Variable name illegal The variable names have not Reconsider the variable names
been commanded properly. in the program and correct
them.
PR0301 Variable name The name of the variable has Correct the program so that the
duplicated been duplicated. name is not duplicated.
PR0350 No scaling spec. A scaling command (G50, G51) Check the specifications.
was issued even though there are
no such scaling specifications.
PR0360 No program mirror A mirror image command (G50.1, Check the specifications.
spec. G51.1) was issued even though
there are no programmable mirror
image specifications.
PR0380 No corner R/C spec. A command was issued for corner Check the specifications.
rounding or corner chamfering Remove the corner rounding or
even though there are no such chamfering command from the
specifications. program.
PR0382 No corner The block next to corner Replace the G01 command by
movement rounding/ chamfering is not a the block succeeding the corner
movement command. rounding/chamfering command.
315
3.1 Program Errors

PR0383 Corner movement In the corner rounding or Make the corner rounding or
short chamfering command, the chamfering less than the
movement distance was shorter movement distance since this
than the value in the distance is shorter than the
corresponding command. corner rounding or chamfering.
PR0384 Corner next When the corner rounding or Make the corner rounding or
movement short chamfering command was input, chamfering less than the
the movement distance in the movement distance since this
following block was shorter than distance in the following block
the corner rounding or is shorter than the corner
chamfering. rounding or chamfering.
PR0385 Corner during Corner rounding or chamfering Reconsider the program.
G0/G33 command was given during G00
or G33 modal.
PR0386 Can't execute corner The corner R/C movement cannot Reconsider the program.
R (C) be created.
PR0390 No geometric spec. A geometric command was Check the specifications.
specifications.
PR0391 No geometric arc An arc command was issued with Check the specifications.
spec. the geometric command even
though there are no arc
specifications.
PR0392 Angle less than 1 The angle difference of two Correct the geometric angle.
deg (GEOMT) straight lines in the geometric
command was within 1.
PR0393 Inc value in 2nd The second block of the Command the second
block (GEOMT) geometric command was an geometric block with an
incremental value command. absolute value.
PR0394 No linear move The second block of the Command G01 in the second
command (GEOMT) geometric command was not geometric block.
linear.
PR0395 Illegal address The plane selection horizontal Reconsider the program.
(GEOMT) axis and plane selection vertical
axis are not commanded in the
second block of the geometric
command.
There is no A command in the
second block of the geometric
command.
PR0396 Plane selected in The plane was changed between Change the plane before the
GEOMT ctrl the first and second blocks of the geometric command.
geometric command.
PR0420 No parameter input A parameter input command was Check the specifications.
spec. issued even though there are no
parameter input specifications.
316
3.1 Program Errors

PR0421 Parameter input Insufficient data was input in Enter the correct parameter
error parameter. input data.
An address other than P, S, N, A Reconsider the program.
or D was commanded.
The P, S, N, A or D value is
illegal.
A character-string type parameter
was input.
PR0430 Return incomplete A command was issued to move Execute reference point return
axis exists an axis, which has not returned to manually.
the reference point, away from
that reference point.
PR0431 No 2nd 3rd 4th ref-p The 2nd, 3rd and 4th reference Check the specifications.
ret spec. point return was commanded
even though there are no 2nd, 3rd
and 4th reference point return
specifications.
PR0435 G27 and M An M individual command was An M individual command cannot
commands in same issued simultaneously in the G27 be issued in a G27 command
block command block. block and so the G27 command
and M individual command
must be placed in separate
blocks.
PR0436 G29 and M An M individual command was An M individual command cannot
commands in same issued simultaneously in the G29 be issued in a G29 command
block command block. block and so the G29 command
and M individual command
must be placed in separate
blocks.
PR0437 No. G54.1 spec. Although there are no Check the specifications.
specifications of workpiece
coordinate system offset set
addition, G54.1 has been specified.
PR0438 Local coord set Local coordinate system command Reconsider the program.
during exp wk co (G52) is given during the G54.1
mode.
PR0451 No check-before- The pre-movement stroke check Check the specifications.
move spec. (G22/G23 (G22.1/G23.1 for M2/M0
format)) was commanded even
though there are no pre-movement
stroke check function
specifications.
PR0452 Movement limit When the axis movement start Reconsider the axis address
point or end point is in the coordinate value in the
prohibited area designated with program.
the pre-movement stroke check
function, an alarm will occur
before executing that movement
block.
PR0460 Tape I/O error An error has arisen in the tape Check the power supply and
reader or, alternatively, in the cable of the connected devices.
printer during macro printing. Check the input/output device
parameters.
317
3.1 Program Errors

PR0461 File I/O A file of the machining program If this error occurs during
cannot be read. memory operation, the program
stored in the memory may be
destroyed.
Output the program and all
other tool data and work offset
data, then format the memory.
When using the FD, replace the
floppy disk.
During IC card operation,
confirm that the IC card is
correctly inserted.
PR0462 Computer Link error A communication error occurred After resetting, check the cables
during computer link A, B, and power supply of the
high-speed server running. connected devices, and
computer link parameters.
PR0463 Read forced quit The process was interrupted Carry out input/output again.
during input/output by resetting.
PR0470 No Computer Link A Computer link A was executed Check the specifications.
even though there are no
computer link A specifications.
PR0471 No Computer Link B Computer link B was executed Check the specifications.
even though there are no
computer link B specifications.
PR0490 No disk operation Disk operation was attempted Check the specifications.
even though there are no disk
operation specifications.
PR0491 No FLD operation FLD operation was attempted Check the specifications.
even though there are no FLD
PR0492 No IC card operation IC card operation was attempted Check the specifications.
even though there are no IC card
PR0493 No dataserver Data server operation was Check the specifications.
operation attempted when the data server
operation specifications were not
available.
PR0600 No auto TLM An automatic tool length Check the specifications.
measurement command (G37)
was executed even though there
are no such command
specifications.
PR0601 No skip A skip command (G31) was Check the specifications.
PR0602 No multi skip The multi-step skip command Check the specifications.
(G31.n) was issued even though
there are no multi-step skip
specifications.
PR0603 Skip speed 0 The skip speed is 0. Designate the skip speed.
318
3.1 Program Errors

PR0604 G37 illegal axis No axis or more than 2 axes was Designate only one axis.
designated in the automatic tool
length measurement block.
PR0605 H and G37 The H code is in the same block Designate the H code before
commands in same as the automatic tool length the automatic tool length
block measurement command. measurement command block.
PR0606 H command not The H code was not yet Designate the H code before
found before G37 designated in automatic tool length the automatic tool length
measurement. measurement command block.
PR0607 Signal turned Before the area commanded by Reconsider the program.
illegally with G37 the D command or the parameter
deceleration area D, the
measure-ment position arrival
signal went ON, or resulted in not
going ON.
PR0608 Skip during radius A skip command was issued Designate a radius
compen during the radius compensation compensation cancel command
processing. (G40), or remove the skip
command.
PR0611 No hi-preci (G61.1) A high-accuracy mode (G61.1) Check the specifications.
spec. command was issued even Remove the high-accuracy
though there are no such mode command from the
command specifications. program.
PR0612 No hi-preci die A high-accuracy (die) Check the specifications.
(G61.2/3) spec. (G61.2/G61.3) command was Remove the high-accuracy (die)
issued even though there are no command from the program.
PR0615 No hi-preci part A high-accuracy (part) (G61.5) Check the specifications.
(G61.5) spec. command was issued even Remove the high-accuracy
though there are no such (part) command from the
command specifications. program.
PR0621 NURBS knot error The knot was not correctly Designate the knot following the
designated in the NURBS NURBS command format.
command.
PR0622 NURBS weight error The weight was not correctly Designate the weight following
designated in the NURBS the NURBS command format.
command.
PR0623 NURBS degree error The number of stages was not Designate the number of stages
correctly designated in the following the NURBS command
NURBS command. format.
PR0624 NURBS control point The control point was not Designate the control point
error correctly designated in the following the NURBS command
NURBS command. format.
PR0625 NURBS misc error The general precautions were not Check the commands and
observed for the NURBS modes that cannot be used with
command. the NURBS interpolation.
Check the restrictions described
in the Operation Manual.
PR0626 No NURBS spec. The NURBS interpolation Check the specifications.
command was issued even though
there are no specifications.
319
3.1 Program Errors

PR0900 No normal control A normal line direction control Check the specifications.
command (G40.1/G41.1/G42.1) Remove the normal line
was issued even though there are direction control command from
no such command specifications. the program.
PR0901 G92 command on The normal line control axis work Reconsider the program.
normal axis offset rewrite command (G92)
was issued during normal line
control.
PR0902 Normal axis set as Normal line control was set for a Set normal line control for a
linear axis linear axis. rotation axis.
PR0903 At block joint turn The turning angle at the block Reconsider the program.
angle over seams exceeded the limit during
normal line control.
PR0920 No 3DIM coord There is no three-dimensional Check the specifications.
conversion spec. coordinate conversion function.
PR0921 3DIM coord convert A G code that cannot be Reconsider the program.
error commanded during the
three-dimensional coordinate
conversion modal was issued.
PR0922 Illegal 3DIM coord A three-dimensional coordinate Reconsider the program.
convert conversion command was issued
in a modal incapable of
three-dimensional coordinate
conversion.
PR0990 Illegal process An error occurred during the Call the service center with as
program analysis process, and it many details about the
became impossible to continue. operation status as possible.
320
3.2 Program Warnings
3.2 Program Warnings
No. Message Details Remedy

PRW0001 Overlap address Because the No. of addresses Reconsider the program.
exists that can be simultaneously
commanded in one block was
exceeded, the previously
designated address was
ignored.
No. of addresses that can be
simultaneously commanded in
one block :
M = Max. 4 addresses.
Other than M = 1 address
PRW0002 Overlap G code Because several G codes were Reconsider the program.
exists commanded in the same group,
the previously designated G
code was ignored.
PRW0003 Ignored G code A G code exists that was Reconsider the program.
exists ignored due to a G code priority
order check.
PRW0004 Unused address An address exists that was not Reconsider the program.
exists used in the program block.
PRW0005 Ref point ret in Reference point return was Reconsider the program.
pattern rot attempted while rotating the
figure.
PRW0006 No end point There is no end point coordinate Reconsider the program.
operation in arc command for the R-designated
arc.
PRW0007 Cylinder mode A command illegal for the Reconsider the program.
warning cylindrical mode was issued.
321
Revision History
Date of revision Manual No. Revision details
Jan. 1998 BNP-B2239* First edition created.
Sep. 1998 BNP-B2239A The incorrect descriptions are corrected and unnecessary sections are erased.
Nov. 1998 BNP-B2239B The incorrect descriptions are corrected and unnecessary sections are erased.
The document number of this manual changed as below.
Old : BNP B3950-006
New : BNP B2239
The details are revised to correspond to the MELDAS 600M Series Version D0.
Feb. 2000 BNP-B2239C
The following explanations and related descriptions are added.
6.9 NURBS interpolation
7.12 F1-digit feed
15 Protection function
Unnecessary sections are erased.
Incorrect descriptions are corrected.
The details are revised to correspond to the MELDAS 600M Series Version F0.
Mar. 2001 BNP-B2239D
6.10 Thread cutting
13.21 Tapping Mode
Design of the cover and the back cover were changed.
Mar. 2002 BNP-B2239E
MODEL, MODEL CODE, and Manual No. were added on the back cover.
The details are revised to correspond to the MELDAS 600M Series Version F0.
13.18 Three-dimensional Coordinate Conversion Function
The following explanations and related description is added.
Jun. 2003 BNP-B2239F
Appendix2 2.4 Fixed Cycle Variables
The following explanations and related description is revised.
Appendix3 3.1 Program Errors
The description of internal sub-micrometric system was added.
Apr. 2006 BNP-B2239G
Incorrect descriptions were corrected.
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Notice
Every effort has been made to keep up with software and hardware revisions in the
contents described in this manual. However, please understand that in some
unavoidable cases simultaneous revision is not possible.
Please contact your Mitsubishi Electric dealer with any questions or comments
regarding the use of this product.
Duplication Prohibited
This instruction manual may not be reproduced in any form, in part or in whole,
without written permission from Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.
1997-2006 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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MELDAS is a registered trademark of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.

Details described in this manual

When the user may be subject to imminent fatalities or major injuries if

When the user may be subject to fatalities or major injuries if handling is

2. BASIC CONCEPT FOR PROGRAMMING ............................................................................4

4. POSITION COMMAND ........................................................................................................14

5. PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................22

6. POSITIONING AND INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS.........................................................24

8. SPINDLE FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................67

9. TOOL FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................70

10. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................72

11. TOOL COMPENSATION ...................................................................................................75

12. COORDINATE SYSTEM SETTING FUNCTIONS ...........................................................134

14. AUTOMATED SUPPORT FUNCTIONS ..........................................................................286

APPENDIX 1. LIST OF VARIABLE NUMBERS....................................................................296

APPENDIX 2. FIXED CYCLE PROGRAM.............................................................................299

APPENDIX 3. LIST OF ALARMS ..........................................................................................308

This chapter describes some of the terminologies of NC programming.

1.1 Program Format

1.2 Word and Address

Table 1 Details of the number of digits in word data

Example) Configuration of one block in the machining program

1.4 End of Block

1.5 Modal and Unmodal Commands

2. BASIC CONCEPT FOR PROGRAMMING

2.1 Control Axis and Axis Name

2.2 Minimum Program Unit and Minimum Movement Amount

Fig. 1 Outline of three-control-axis type vertical machining center

[Example of designating the 1m system]

Designated by the program Movement amount of the machine

Designated by the program Movement amount of the machine

2.3 Incremental Value Command and Absolute Value Command

Difference is shown between the increment value

N3 Incremental value Absolute value

The absolute value command method is more frequently used.

(1) Program to command the movement of a tool along the line

G01 (or G1).... G code that designates the movement

(2) Program to command the movement of a tool along the arc

(3) Program to designate the tool rapid traverse

3.3 Program to Command Various Machine Operations such as Spindle Rotation

3.4 Program to Command the Spindle Rotation Speed

3.5 Program to Select an Appropriate Tool for Workpiece Machining

3.6 Configuration of Program

Sequence Preparation Coordinate word Miscellaneous Spindle Tool Feed

; At the head of program EOB ( ; )

3.7 Other Programming Notes

Tool center path when the tool radius Z axis

L1, L2: Tool length

3.8 Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Zero Point Symbols

:Machine coordinate zero point

:Workpiece coordinate zero points

3.9 Optional Block Skip (Block delete)

(1) Optional block skip

(2) Notes for using optional block skip

These G codes can be commanded multiple times within one block.

G90 X100. G91 Y200. G90 Z300. ;

(Incremental value command) (Absolute value command)

G91 X100. Y100. ; End point G90 X100. Y100. ;

Current X100. Current

Program coordinate Program coordinate