ThyssenKrupp Materials International

Austenitic Heat Resisting Steel Material Data Sheet

Steel designation: Name Material No.

X8CrNiTi18-10 1.4878

Scope
This data sheet applies for hot and cold rolled sheet and strip and bars, semi-finished products, rods and sections.

Application
For construction parts which should be resistant to scaling up to about 850 C and extensively inured to the effect of
sulfureous gases. Inclination to carburization in reduced gases is very low.

Chemical composition (Heat analysis in %)

Product C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Ti
form

C, H, P, L 0,10 1,00 2,00 0,045 0,015 17,00-19,00 9,00-12,00 5x%C 0,80

C = cold rolled strip; H = hot rolled sheet; P = hot rolled sheet; L = semi-finished products, bars, sections

Mechanical properties at room temperature in the solution annealed condition

Product HB
Thickness a Proof strength 3) Tensile strength Elongation A % min.
form max.
or
Diameter d Flat products
Long
mm
1)2)3)
R p0,2 R p1,0 Rm products3) 0,5 a/d < 3 3 a/d
N/mm min N/mm
C,H,P a 12
215 190 230 500 - 720 401) 40 4)5) 40 4)5)
L d 25
1)
The maximum HB values may be raised by 100 units or the maximum tensile strength value may be raised by 200 N/mm and the minimum elonga-
tion value be lowered to 20 % for cold worked sections and bars of 35 mm thickness.
2)
For guidance only.
3)
For rod, only the tensile values apply.
4)
Longitudinal test piece 5)
Transverse test piece
6)
After cold forming the elongation for wall thicknesses 35 mm amounts to minimum 20 %.
7)
Bars 8)
Rods and sections

Creep properties - estimated average values about the long-term behavior at elevated temperature*
Temperature 1 %-Elongation1) for Rupture2) for
1000 h 10 000 h 1000 h 10 000 h 100 000 h
C N/mm N/mm
600 110 85 200 142 65
700 45 30 88 48 22
800 15 10 30 15 10
1)
Stress related to the out put cross-section, which leads after 1000 or 10 000 h to a permanent elongation of 1 %.
2)
Stress related to the out put cross-section, which leads after 1000, 10 000 or 100 000 h to breakage.
* for guidance only

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Reference data on some physical properties (for guidance only)

Density at 20 C Thermal conductivity W/m K Specific heat capacity at 20 C Electrical resistivity at 20 C
at
kg/dm 20 C 500 C J/kg K mm/m
7,9 15 - 500 0,73

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion 106 K-1 between 20 C and

200 C 400 C 600 C 800 C 1000 C

17,0 18,0 18,5 19,0 -

Guidelines on the temperature for hot forming and heat treatment

Hot forming* Heat treatment 1) +AT (solution annealed), microstructure
Temperature C Type of cooling Temperature C2) Type of cooling3) Microstructure
1150 - 800 Air 1050 - 1150 Water, air Austenite
1)
Heat treatment is not necessary in any case, since the material is exposed high temperatures during application.
2)
If heat treatment is carried out in a continuous furnace, the upper part of the range specified is usually preferred or even exceeded.
3)
Cooling has to be effected fast enough. * according to SEW 470

Processing / Welding
Standard welding processes for this steel are:
TIG-welding Arc welding (E)
MAG-welding massive wire Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
Laser beam welding

Process Filler metal

similar higher alloyed
TIG Thermanit ATS 4 / 1.4948 Thermanit X / 1.4370
MAG massive wire Thermanit ATS 4 / 1.4948 Thermanit X / 1.4370
Arc welding (E) Thermanit ATS 4 / 1.4948 Thermanit X / 1.4370
Wire Powder Wire Poweder
SAW Thermanit ATS 4 / Marathon 104 Thermanit X / 1.4370 Marathon 104
1.4948
Laser beam welding see page 3

Preheating is for this steel not necessary. Interpass temperature should not exceed 150 C. Heat treatment after welding
is normally not usual.
Austenitic steels have only 30 % of the thermal conductivity of non-alloyed steels. Their fusion point is lower than that of
non-alloyed steels, therefore austenitic steels have to be welded with lower heat input than non-alloyed steels.
To avoid overheating or burn-thru of thinner sheets, higher welding speed has to be applied. Copper back-up plates for
faster heat rejection are functional, whereas, to avoid cracks in the solder metal, it is not allowed to surface-fuse the
copper back-up plate.
This steel has an extensively higher coefficient of thermal expansion as non-alloyed steels. In connection with a worse
thermal conductivity, a greater distortion has to be expected.
When welding 1.4878 all procedures, which work against this distortion (e. g. back-step sequence welding, welding alter-
nately on opposite sides with double-V butt weld, assignment of two welders when the components are accordingly large)
have to be respected notably. For product thicknesses over 12 mm the double-V butt weld has to be preferred instead of a
single-V butt weld. The included angle should be 60 - 70, when using MIG-welding about 50 are enough. An accumula-
tion of weld seams should be avoided.

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Tack welds have to be affixed with relatively shorter distances from each other (significantly shorter than these of non-
alloyed steels), in order to prevent strong deformation, shrinking or flaking tack welds. The tacks should be subsequently
grinded or at least be free from crater cracks.
1.4878 in connection with austenitic weld metal and too high heat input the addiction to form heat cracks exists. The ad-
diction to heat cracks can be confined, if the weld metal features a lower content of ferrite (delta ferrite). Contents of ferrite
up to 10 % have a favorable effect and do not affect the corrosion resistance generally. The thinnest layer as possible has
to be welded (stringer bead technique), because a higher cooling speed decreases the addiction to hot cracks.
A preferably fast cooling has to be aspired while welding as well, to avoid the vulnerability to intergranular corrosion and
embrittlement.
1.4878 is very suitable for laser beam welding. With a welding groove width smaller 0,3 mm respectively 0,1 mm prod-
uct thickness the use of filler metals is not necessary. With larger welding grooves a similar filler metal can be used. With
avoiding oxidation within the seam surface during laser beam welding by applicable backhand welding, e. g. helium as
inert gas, the welding seam is as corrosion resistant as the base metal. A hot crack hazard for the welding seam does not
exist, when choosing an applicable process.
1.4878 is also suitable for laser beam fusion cutting with nitrogen or flame cutting with oxygen. The cut edges only have
small heat affected zones and are generally free of micro cracks and thus are well formable. While choosing an applicable
process the fusion cut edges can be converted directly. Especially, they can be welded without any further preparation.
While processing only stainless tools like steel brushes, pneumatic picks and so on are allowed, in order to not endanger
the passivation.
It should be neglected to mark within the welding seam zone with oleigerous bolts or temperature indicating crayons.
The high corrosions resistance of this stainless steel is based on the formation of a homogeneous, compact passive layer
on the surface. Annealing colors, scales, slag residues, tramp iron, spatters and such like have to be removed, in order to
not destroy the passive layer.
For cleaning the surface the processes brushing, grinding, pickling or blasting (iron-free silica sand or glass spheres) can
be applied. For brushing only stainless steel brushes can be used. Pickling of the previously brushed seam area is carried
out by dipping and spraying, however, often pickling pastes or solutions are used. After pickling a carefully flushing with
water has to be done.

Remark
In quenched condition the material can be slightly magnetizable. With increasing cold forming the magnetizability increas-
es.

Editor
THYSSENKRUPP MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL GMBH
Technical Sales / Quality Management
Am Thyssenhaus 1
45128 Essen

References
DIN EN 10095:1999-05 Beuth Verlag GmbH, Postfach, D-10772 Berlin
Stahl-Eisen-material bulletin 470:1976-02 Verlag Stahleisen GmbH, Postfach 10 51 64, D-40042 Dsseldorf
MB 821 "Properties" Informationsstelle Edelstahl Rostfrei, Postfach 10 22 05,
MB 822 "The converting of stainless steel" D-40013 Dsseldorf
Bhler Schweisstechnik Deutschland GmbH, Hamm

Important note
Information given in this data sheet about property or applicability of materials respective products is no assurance of
characteristics but serve for description.
Information, with which we like to advise you, relate to the experience of the producers and our own. Warranty for the
results of the treatment and application of the products cannot be granted.

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