Warren 1

Elizabeth Warren

Professor Debra Jizi

UWRT 1104

24 March 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Campbell, Carla, Rachael Greenberg, Deepa Mankikar, and Ronald Ross. A Case Study of

Environmental Injustice: The Failure in Flint. Rep. N.p.: International Journal of Environmental

Research and Public Health, 2016. Print.

This article discusses how the intoxicated drinking water crisis happened, how low-

income and minority citizens are disproportionately at a very high risk of lead exposure,

and what can be done to prevent childhood lead exposure and lead poisoning. It also talks

about how to prevent this in other American cities while monitoring the use of toxic

chemicals in public drains.

This case study provides information that is pertinent to the environmental injustice

aspect of what has happened in Flint. I believe that this case study will enhance my

knowledge about the environmental injustice and the public health portion of the crisis.

Being able to add this information into my paper would create the exact format I would

like to include.

This is a credible source because not only is it form the International Journal of

Environmental Research and Public Health, a peer-reviewed scientific journal that

publishes several different types of research findings specifically in environmental health

 Warren 2

science and public health area, but also because the qualified researchers. The four

contributors to this case study have more than enough background and experience

working with public health matters, that they are a credible source when it comes to the

Flint, Michigan water crisis. The lead author, Carla Campbell works for the department of

public health sciences at the University of Texas at El Paso. Co-author Rachael

Greenberg is a partner with National Nurse-led Care Consortium (NNCC) which helps

clinics who are nurse-led through research. Notably, one of the 250 clinics is based in

Detroit, sixty-eight miles from Flint. Co-author Deepa Mankikar works with a Public

Health Management Corporation in Pennsylvania, managing NNCCs environmental

health initiatives. Mankikar has a background in public health, environmental health

hazards and chronic disease among vulnerable populations. Finally, co-author Ronald

Ross is an Occupational and Environmental Medicine Consultant in New Mexico.

DSouza, Steven. Flint: After the Drinking Water Crisis. CBC News The National, 06 Mar. 2017.

Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

This video explores many different issues with the Flint, Michigan water crisis. It begins

in a home of a resident who has had to change her daily routine, even sending her son to a

different school. It then goes on to explain what the school basis its approaches on and

the teachers who are there to help residents understand how the lead will continue to

affect them. This video also gives background information into how the crisis started and

the many different things that are happening to help the citizens of Flint.
 Warren 3

The video offers solutions to the Flint water crisis, including the weekly pickup centers

for water, and the school just accepting students out of the district that have been affected

by the polluted water. This school is an awesome asset to Flints children because it is

allowing them to keep track of the effects they may receive from lead and still learn. It is

essential to helping me answer my inquiry question.

Steven DSouza is a field reporter for CBC News The National. He also is one of the only

reporters that covers the Flint Michigan crisis. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is

responsible for gathering news and producing it to people in both Canada and the U.S.

Because DSouza is knowledgeable in his findings about the Flint water crisis, he is a

credible source for telling what he has seen, traveling to Flint himself.

Dennis, Brady. "Facing Lawsuit from Residents and Activists, Government Officials Just Agreed

to Replace 18,000 Lead-tainted Pipes in Flint." The Washington Post. WP Company, 28 Mar.

2017. Web. 30 Mar. 2017.

This article explains the efforts that governmental officials in Flint are trying to make.

With more than a dozen on going lawsuits from residents, the EPA has donated $30

million to Flint and the state has agreed to $87 million to replace almost 18,000

underground pipes. While creating one of many solutions to solving the crisis, this

information from the article is able to show the events that have led to bad water and sick

citizens. The article also talks with citizens who explain the impacting change on their

lives while also getting their opinions and joy as big efforts are taking place.
 Warren 4

The logistics and background that this article provides is strong evidence for the actions

that government officials have taken to help the people of Flint, Michigan. This will

support the solutions part of the inquiry project by showing what has to be done now that

thousands of people have been affected.

The Washington Post has been active in the Washington, D.C. community since 1996 and

Brady Dennis has been a staff writer focusing on environment and public health since

2008. He mainly focuses on several topics in the environmental and public health field.

Having almost ten years of experience has helped him to become a credible source.

Ganim, Sara. "Four More Charged in Flint Water Crisis." CNN. Cable News Network, 20 Dec.

2016. Web. 04 Apr. 2017.

This article gives information on the four governmental officials that have been charged

with felonies pertaining to the Flint Michigan water crisis. Two emergency managers

Jerry Ambrose and Darnell Earley have been charged with felonies of false pretenses and

conspiracy, along with misdemeanors of misconduct in office and willful neglect of duty.

Two water plant officials, Howard Croft and Daugherty Johnson are also charged with

felonies of false pretenses and conspiracy. The article then goes on to explain the exact

actions that these officials did, how these are the appropriate charges, and how their

actions have left damage for the years to come.

This article provides not only videos but facts that support the Flint, Michigan water

crisis that put citizens in danger of several diseases and infections because of negligence.
 Warren 5

To provide this evidence in my paper and research material, helps me to provide a

solution that could possibly over step governmental officials.

Cable News Network has been providing the United States with news since 1980 and is

available to over 100 million households in America. Sara Ganim is a CNN

correspondent who is an expertise in investigating journalism. Before CNN, Ganim

worked at Patriot News in Pennsylvania. She has received many awards for her

journalism and exposing many truths in area of media that is often fabricates.

Kennedy, Merrit. "Lead-Laced Water In Flint: A Step-By-Step Look At The Makings Of A

Crisis." NPR. NPR, 20 Apr. 2016. Web. 24 Mar. 2017.

In NPRs article, the step-by-step gives a detailed timeline of the events that caused the

Flint water crisis to start and continue to see damages for 15 years. It states why the

problem with water started, was tried to be kept under wraps and lied about, and how

they are working to fix it now. This article provides a lot of information that will help my

paper be strong and accurate.

Since June 2012, Flint, Michigan has been trying to cut costs in different ways to help the

city. Flint is a city that 41.2% of their population lives below the poverty line and many

cannot afford to buy gallons of distilled water three times a week. I think what made this

crisis worse is the governmental officials and people in charge of the Karegondi Water

Authority did not take responsibility, they just denied that there was a problem for

months, and by the end of those months, the damages were too far gone. In my paper, I
 Warren 6

will have a section on just the facts, which will support that I am knowledgeable on this

topic. Also, having the timeline that the article provided and knowing things they have

already done to try and help, will help me answer my inquiry question of How can I

create a solution to give Flint clean water again? without making it expensive for the

citizens of Flint, Michigan.

National Public Radio (NPR) is very credible source and they are often talking about

subjects like this one in articles or on broadcasts. NPR is the leading membership and

representation organization for public radio. While not just in the United States, but also,

Shanghai and Kabul. This article published in 2016, hits on all the major discussions that

have happened about fixing the crisis but also the behind the scenes information about

charging the people responsible. Merrrit Kennedy is a freelance journalist and producer

for the Associated Press and is a regular contributor to NPR. Because she holds a Master

of the Arts in International Human Rights Law, her background knowledge on the basic

human rights that the people of Flint have, to get clean drinking water, makes her even

more credible.
 Warren 7

Revised Research Proposal

Liz Warren

Debra Jizi

UWRT 1104

19 March 2017

Flint, Michigan Water Crisis

Research Proposal

1. How can I help to solve the crisis that Flint, Michigan is facing of not having clean

drinking water?
2. My purpose for this project is to absorb all the facts about Flint and create a solution that

will help them be able to receive clean drinking water. I hope that I am really able to help

in the end, not just get all the facts, create my project, and then move on. I want to be

hands on and create a real, effective solution, that can be implemented. I have always

been a person who cares and is aware about things beyond my own little world and

because of the empathy that I have, it hurts me that on our own soil, people are becoming

terribly sick due to high amounts of lead in their water.

3. From the news and talking about the topic in my Global Connections class, I already

know that it has been 3 years since Flint cut their costs of their water supply fund. There

have been high amounts of lead in the water and many children are sick from it. After the

crisis died down and was covered up by many other news stories, the problem still goes

unsolved and many have forgot that they still do not have clean water.

Peer Feedback
 Warren 8

- Proposal contains all the criteria necessary.

- In proper MLA format.
- Nice topic
- As far as I can tell, you meet all of the criteria for the proposal. It is in MLA format, #1 is
a clear question for inquiry, #2 shows your purpose and how it's meaningful to you, and
#3 is about your thoughts on the situation.
 Warren 9

First Draft

Elizabeth Warren

Professor Debra Jizi

UWRT 1104

24 March 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Kennedy, Merrit. "Lead-Laced Water In Flint: A Step-By-Step Look At The Makings Of A

Crisis." NPR. NPR, 20 Apr. 2016. Web. 24 Mar. 2017.

In NPRs article, the step-by-step gives a detailed timeline of the events that

caused the Flint water crisis to start and see damages for 15 years. It states why the

problem with water started, was tried to be kept under wraps and lied about, and how

they are working to fix it now. This article provides a lot of information that will help my

paper be strong and accurate.

Since June 2012, Flint, Michigan has been trying to cut cost different ways to help

the city. Flint is a city that 41.2% of their population lives below the poverty line and

many cannot afford to buy gallons of distilled water three times a week. I think what

made this crisis worse, the governmental officials and people in charge of the Karegnondi

Water Authority did not take responsibility, they just denied that there was a problem for

months, and by the end of those months, the damages were too far gone. Having all the

basic facts and knowing things they have already done to try and help, will help me
 Warren 10

answer my inquiry question of How can I create a solution to give Flint clean water

again?

National Public Radio (NPR) is very credible source and they are often talking

about subjects like this one in articles or on broadcasts. NPR is the leading membership

and representation organization for public radio. While not just in the United States, but

also, Shanghai and Kabul. This article published in 2016, hits on all the major discussions

that have happened about fixing the crisis but also the behind the scenes information

about charging the people responsible. Merrrit Kennedy also cited outer sources of

information correctly.

Peer Feedback

Paragraph 2 needs more focus on the source. Needs to state how the source is relevant to paper.

MLA is incorrect.

Need Works Cited Page

Page Number and Last name
Mention who is talking or writing
How are they credible?
Page format is incorrect
Need to tab all paragraphs
over one
 Warren 11

Pre-writing/ process journal