NARRATIVE TEXT: Definition, Purposes, Generic

Structures and Example of Narrative Text

A. The definition of narrative text
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the
resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode,
the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.

B. The purpose of narrative text

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

C. Generic Structures of Narrative Text

1) Orientation
Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces the participants of the
story: who and what is involved in the story.

2) Complication
Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main
participants.

3) Resolution
The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending

4) Re-orientation/Coda

This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It consists of a moral lesson, advice
or teaching from the writer

D. Example of Narrative Text

The Princess and the Pea
Once there was a Prince who wanted to marry a Princess. Only a real one would do. So he
traveled through all the world to find her, and everywhere things went wrong. There were
Princesses aplenty, but how was he to know whether they were real Princesses? There was
something not quite right about them all. So he came home again and was unhappy, because
he did so want to have a real Princess.
One evening a terrible storm blew up. It lightened and thundered and rained. It was really
frightful! In the midst of it all came a knocking at the town gate. The old King went to open
it.
Who should be standing outside but a Princess, and what a sight she was in all that rain and
wind. Water streamed from her hair down her clothes into her shoes, and ran out at the heels.
Yet she claimed to be a real Princess.
"We'll soon find that out," the old Queen thought to herself. Without saying a word about it
she went to the bedchamber, stripped back the bedclothes, and put just one pea in the bottom
of the bed. Then she took twenty mattresses and piled them on the pea. Then she took twenty
eiderdown feather beds and piled them on the mattresses. Up on top of all these the Princess
was to spend the night.
In the morning they asked her, "Did you sleep well?"
" Oh!" said the Princess. "No. I scarcely slept at all. Heaven knows what's in that bed. I lay on
something so hard that I'm black and blue all over. It was simply terrible."
They could see she was a real Princess and no question about it, now that she had felt one pea
all the way through twenty mattresses and twenty more feather beds. Nobody but a Princess
could be so delicate. So the Prince made haste to marry her, because he knew he had found a
real Princess.
As for the pea, they put it in the museum. There it's still to be seen, unless somebody has
taken it.
There, that's a true story.

1. Example of Narrative text

Snow White

Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and
uncle because her parents were died.

One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle
because they wanted to go to America and they didnt have enough money to take Snow
White with them.

Snow White didnt want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The
next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she
run away into the wood.

In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked
but no one answered so she went inside and felt asleep

Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they
found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; What is your name?.
Snow White said; My name is Snow White. One of the dwarfs said; If you wish, you may
live here with us. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then Snow white and the
seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Generic Structure Analysis :

1. Orientation; introducing specific participants; Snow White

 2. Complication; revealing a series of crisis: Snow Whites aunt and uncle would leave
her in a castle, Snow White run away, Snow White felt hungry in the wood.

3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the dwarfs permitted Snow White lived in their
cottage lived happily

- example of Narrative Text

The Smartest Animal

Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morning and every evening, he ploughed his
field with his buffalo.

One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working in the field. The tiger was very
surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. The tiger wanted to know more
about the big animal and the small animal.

After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo; you are so big and strong. Why
do you do everything the man tells you? The buffalo answered; oh, the man is very
intelligent.

The tiger asked; can you tell me how intelligent he is?. No, I cant tell you, said the
buffalo; but you can ask him

So the next day the tiger asked to the man; Can I see your intelligence?. But the man
answered; it at home. Can you go and get it? asked the tiger. Yes said the man; but I
am afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie you to a tree?
After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didnt go home to get his intelligence. He took
his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said; Now you know about my intelligence even you
havent seen it.

Generic Structure Analysis :

1. Orientation; introducing specific participants; farmer and his buffalo, once in Laos

2. Complication; revealing a series of crisis: the tiger wanted to know more about the
farmer and the buffalo, the tiger wanted to know about the farmers intelligence.

3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the farmer hit the tiger

Thats all about Narrative Text and we hope it will be useful.

2. Examples recount and structures of the text

Our trip to the Blue Mountain

Orientation On Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David and

Dellas house. It has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a
tennis court.
Events On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic railway.
It was scary. Then, Mummy and I went shopping with Della. We went
to some antique shops and I tried on some old hats.

On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw

cockatoos having a shower.

Reorientation In the afternoon we went home.

-Example of Recount text

1. A. Vacation to London

Mr. Richards family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They
went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the
British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked fourteen days tour. This
includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London

They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the
cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave
them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant
flight. They slept part of the way.

On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers
were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr.
Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They
arranged the transfer to a hotel.
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room
had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to
open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food.
They had variety of food.

The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they
felt very happy.

3. Example of descriptive text

1. Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra
dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java,
Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta
architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step
like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with
Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of
bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of
the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways.
The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at
Angkor, Cambodia.

Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable

treasure for Indonesian people.

Generic Structure Analysis

Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in general; Borobudur

temple

Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight terraces of Borobudur

temple and its characteristics

Language Feature Analysis

Using adjective and classifiers; valuable

Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed, etc

4. Examples of procedure text!

HOW TO MAKE GADO-GADO

(VEGETABLE SALAD WITH PEANUT SAUCE)

INGREDIENTS:

2 cup shredded cabbage

2 cup 1 cut long beans

1 bunch swamp cabbage cut up

2 cup beansprouts

a few lettuce leaves

1 cucumber, sliced

1 cup cooked cubed soya bean cake

1 medium size boiled potato cubed

1 sliced hard-boiled egg

2 tablespoons fried onion shrimp crackers

SAUCE:

1 cup fried peanut

1 clove garlic

1 teaspoon shrimp

2 red chilies
 1 teaspoon brown sugar

1/2 teaspoon tamarind

1 lemon

salt to taste

water, depending on desired thickness

5. Example of Discussion Text

1. A. Example of Discussion Text on Nuclear Power

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the
world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria,
England in 1956.

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power
produces around 11% of the worlds energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It
cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear
plant are as follow:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.

It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

It produces small amount of waste.

It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for
many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of
money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major
accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990s nuclear power was the
fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

6. Examples of analytical and structures of the text

Cars should be banned in the city

Thesis Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create
pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Arguments Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the
world.Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis,
lung cancer, and triggers off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so
bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and

cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die.
Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it
hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and
especially talk to someone.

Reiteration In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons
listed.

Example of Analytical Exposition

1. A. Is Smoking Good for Us?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands people die
every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road
accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we
are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty
cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of
bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of
heart disease than non smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one
hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had
smoked fifteen cigarettes.

Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from
smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.

7. Definition of Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that belongs to the class of

Argumentation.
Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that influences the reader to do something or
act in a certain way.

In Hortatory Exposition, there are some opinions about certain things to reinforce the
main ideas of the text.
Hortatory Exposition adalah jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang tergolong ke dalam kelas
Argumentation. Hortatory Exposition adalah sebuah jenis teks bahasa Inggris memengaruhi
pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu atau bertindak dalam hal tertentu.
Dalam Hortatory Exposition, ada beberapa pendapat mengenai hal tertentu untuk
memperkuat ide pokok dari teks tersebut.

B. The Purpose of Hortatory Exposition

The Purpose Hortatory exposition is to presenting and influencing the readers that
should be so, and should not be.

Tujuan dari Hortatory exposition adalah untuk memaparkan dan mempengaruhi pembaca
bahwa seharusnya demikian dan tidak seharusnya demikian.

C. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

1. Thesis

The contain of thesis is introduction to the main idea of a effect or event that will
be raised or discussed.

Thesis berisi tentang pengenalan ide pokok penulis tentang suatu gejala atau kejadian
yang akan diangkat atau dibahas.

2. Arguments
 The contain of argument is the opinions of the writer that support the main idea. The
more opinions the authors write, the more attractive a Hortatory Exposition Text, because
readers tend to believe in an event if there are many opinions that support in it.

Arguments berisi tentang pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok penulis. Semakin
banyak pendapat yang penulis tuliskan, semakin menarik sebuah Hortatory Exposition Text
itu, karena pembaca cenderung percaya terhadap suatu peristiwa jika terdapat banyak
pendapat yang mendukung di dalamnya.

3. Recommendation

Recommendation contains a recommendation or solicitation writer to the reader.

Recommendation berisi tentang rekomendasi atau ajakan penulis terhadap pembaca.

D. Language Structure of Hortatory Exposition

The use Simple present tense
( is, am, are, and Verb 1 )

The use temporal connectives

Ex: firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc

The use evaluative words

Ex : importantly, valuably, trustworthly, etc
Penting , berharga, percaya.

Corruption

Thesis

Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and
corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States.
Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims
Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.

-Examples and structures of the text

Making Paper from Woodchips

A general Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products

statement from forest trees.
The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a
 selected area of the forest called a coupe.
A sequenced Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs
explanation of are taken to the mill.
why or how At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to
something occurs a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips.
The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other
impurities.At this stage they are either exported in this form or
changed into pulp by chemicals and heat.
The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

8. Example of Explanation Text

1. Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say why and how of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

1. 2. Generic structure of Explanation

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

1. 3. Language Feature

Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc

Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc

Using passive voice pattern

Using simple present tense

Example of explanation text

Tsunami

The term of tsunami comes from the Japanese which means harbour (tsu) and wave
(nami). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is
rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the
overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earths crust can occur at plate
boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where
denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it
radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water
behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully
into the coastal area.