William Z.

Black

Chapter 3: Conservation of mass

1. An automobile tire is inflated to a pressure of 30psig at a temperature of

70F. After a trip the temperature of the air in the tire increases to 120F,
while the volume of the tire increases by 2 percent owing to stretching of the
tire material. Calculate the air pressure in the tire after the trip.
2. Nitrogen is enclosed by a piston and cylinder as shown in the figure. The
nitrogen is initially at 40F. The piston weighs 50lb f , has a diameter of 5 in,
and is initially 4 in above the bottom of the cylinder. Heat transfer to the
nitrogen occurs until the nitrogen reaches a temperature of 190F. Calculate
the enthalpy change of the nitrogen during the process and the work done by
the nitrogen against the piston and the surrounding atmosphere if the
process is internally reversible.
3. A closed rigid pressure vessel is filled with a saturated mixture of 1.78 kg of
liquid water and 0.22kg of water vapor at an absolute pressure of 700 kPa.
The vessel is heated until the water pressure reaches 8MPa. Determine the
following properties of the water at the final state:
a. Temperature
b. Enthalpy
c. Internal energy
4. Steam enters a turbine through a pipe with a 150 mm diameter. The inlet
steam velocity is 90m/s, and the inlet pressure and temperature are 20 Mpa
and 600C. The exit pipe of the turbine has a diameter of 600-mm, and the
exit pressure and temperature of the steam are 300 kPa and 150C.
Assuming that the steam flows steadily through the turbine, calculate the
following quantities:
a. Inlet steam density
b. Mass flow rate of steam through the turbine
c. Exit steam velocity
5. A steady-flow pump takes in 1500 gpm (gallons per minute) of liquid water
through an inlet pipe that has a diameter of 12 in. The pump supplies water
to two pipes having diameters of 4 and 7 in, respectively. The volume flow
rate in the smaller of the two exit pipes is 300 gpm. Determine the velocities
in the inlet pipe and the two exit pipes.
6. An air compressor is used to supply air to a rigid tank that has a volume of
4m3. Initially, the pressure and temperature of the air in the tank are 101kPa
and 35C, respectively. The supply pipe to the tank is 70 mm in diameter,
and the velocity of the air in the inlet pipe remains constant at 12 m/s.
Assume that the pressure and temperature of the air in the inlet pipe are
constant at 600 kPa and 35C. Calculate the following quantities:
a. The time rate of change of mass inside the tank
b. The mass of air added to the tank if the compressor stops operating
when the tank reaches 400 kPa and 55C
 c. The time that the compressor must be operated to produce a tank
pressure of 400 kPa and a temperature of 55C

Chapter 4: Conservation of energy

7. A closed system executes a cycle composed of three separate processes.

During the first process 8 kJ of heat transfer to the system occurs while the
system performs 2 kJ of work. The second process is adiabatic. During the
third process 3 kJ of work is performed on the system, and the total energy of
the system decreases by 2 kJ. Determine the change in total energy of the
system during each of the first two processes, the heat transfer for the last
process , and the work for the second process.
8. A football official inflates a football to the required gauge pressure of 13 lb f/in2
prior to a game. The football has an internal volume of 160 in 3 and the air is
at a temperature of 75F when the football is first inflated. The ball is taken
onto the field, and by the time it is put into play, the air temperature inside
the football has dropped to 30F. Assuming that the volume of the football
does not change significantly during the cooling process, calculate the
following quantities:
a. The mass of air in the ball
b. The pressure of the air in the ball when play begins
c. The amount of heat transfer from the air in the ball during the
process
d. The initial pressure to which the ball must be inflated so that it will
be at the required 13 lbf/in2 gauge pressure when the temperature
reaches 30F
9. A refrigerant-134a tank is located outdoors. The tank has a volume of 20 ft 3
and it is filled with 75 lbm of R-134a at a pressure of 100 psia. During the
daytime the tank is exposed to the sun, and heat transfer to the R-134a from
the sun causes the R-134a to reach a saturated vapor state. Calculate the
following quantities:
a. The initial temperature and state of the R-134a prior to heating
b. The final temperature and pressure of the R-134a after heating
c. The amount of heat transfer to the R-134a
10.A piston-cylinder assembly contains 1 kg of a substance at 100 kPa. The
initial volume is 0.5 m 3. Heat transfer to the substance causes a slow
expansion at constant temperature. This process is terminated when the final
volume is twice the initial volume. Determine the magnitude of the heat
transfer required if the substance is
a. Nitrogen
b. Water
11.A well-insulated frictionless piston-cylinder assembly contains 2 lb m of air
initially at 50F and 150 psia. An electric-resistance heating element inside
 the cylinder is energized and causes the air temperature to reach 400F. The
pressure of the air is maintained constant throughout the process. Determine
the work for the process and the amount of electrical work.
12.Refrigerant -12 flows through a 40-mm-diameter horizontal pipe. At a point
where the velocity is 40 m/s the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant
are 40C and 300 kPa, respectively. As a result of heat transfer from the
surroundings, the temperature at a point downstream reaches 50C.
Assuming a negligible pressure drop, determine the heat-transfer rate to the
refrigerant-12.
13.A stream of liquid water at 50 psia and 70F is mixed in an adiabatic mixing
chamber with steam at 50 psia and 500F, which is entering at the rate of
200 lbm /s. The mixture leaves as a saturated vapor at 50 psia. Determine the
mass flow rate of the liquid water entering the chamber and the mass flow
rate of saturated vapor leaving the chamber.
14.An air compressor is designed to compress atmospheric air (assumed to be at
100 kPa, 20C) to a pressure of 1 MPa. The heat-transfer rate to the
environment is anticipated to be about equal to 10 percent of the power input
to the compressor. The air enters at 50 m/s where the inlet area is 9*10 -3 m2
and leaves at 120 m/s through an area 5* 10 -4 m2. Determine the exit-air
temperature and the power input to the compressor.
15.Air flows steadily through a diverging diffuser. The inlet area of the diffuser is
0.01 m2, and the mass flow rate of air into the diffuser is 3.0 kg/s. The
pressure and temperature of the air as it enters the diffuser are 300kPa and
100C. The air leaves the diffuser with a velocity that is very low compared
with the inlet velocity. Determine the temperature of the air leaving the
diffuser, assuming the diffuser to be well-insulated.
16.A steady flow of refrigerant-134a enters a throttling valve in a refrigeration
unit as a saturated liquid with a pressure of 150 psia. The refrigerant is
discharged with a pressure of 40 psia. Determine the inlet and exit
temperatures and the exit quality, assuming that the heat transfer and the
kinetic-energy change of the refrigerant are negligible.
17.A heat exchanger is designed to use exhaust steam from a turbine to heat air
in a manufacturing plant. Steam enters the heat exchanger with a flow rate of
1.2 kg/s, a pressure of 200 kPa, and a temperature of 200C. The steam
leaves the heat exchanger as a saturated vapor at 200 kPa. The air enters the
heat exchanger at 20C and 101kPa and leaves at a pressure of 101kPa. The
air enters the heat exchanger at 20C and 101 kPa and leaves at a pressure
of 101kPa. The design flow rate of air is 3 kg/s. Assuming that the outer shell
of the heat exchanger is well-insulated, calculate the temperature of the air
as it leaves the heat exchanger.
18.A pump is used to raise water steadily at a volume flow rate of 800 gal/min,
as shown in Figure 4.19. The diameter of the inlet pipe is 6 in and the
diameter of the exit pipe is 7 in. The power input to the pump is 80 hp. The
water is drawn from a lake at atmospheric pressure and 70F, and it is
discharged 300 ft above the lake at atmospheric pressure. The pump and
 pipes are well insulated and heating of the water due to frictional effects is
small enough that it may be neglected. Calculate the temperature of the
water at the pipe exit.
19.Steam enters a turbine with a pressure and temperature of 2000 psia and
1100F and leaves at 10 psia as a saturated vapor. The flow area at the
turbine inlet is 0.5 ft2 and at the exit it is 3.5 ft2. The steam flows steadily
through the turbine at a mass flow rate of 60 lb m/s. Calculate the power that
can be produced by the turbine, assuming negligible heat transfer from the
system.
20.A rigid tank initially contains 0.5 kg of steam at 800 kPa and 300C and is
connected through an insulated valve to a steam supply line that is capable
of supplying steam at a constant condition of 1.4 MPa, 300C. The valve is
opened so that the supply steam flows slowly into the tank until the pressure
and temperature inside are 1.2 MPa and 300C. Determine the final mass of
steam in the tank and the heat transfer to (or from) the steam in the tank
during the process.