RB-EG-UE301 Comparison ASME B31.1, B31.3 and B31.

8
E STUDY document and will be changed without notice. The content may contain errors and omissions.

ASME B31.1 (2008)

Power piping: typically found in electric power generating stations,

in heating and cooling systems

Applicable: boiler external piping from first joint up to and including

first block valve for boilers where:

steam or vapor is generated over 100 kPa

high temperature water over 1103 kPa and/or temperatures of 120

Celsius

Excluding: fatigue due to pressure cycling

Allowable stress:
as per tables in Appendix A

shear to remain below 80%, bearing to remain below 160% of

allowable stress

basis are same as ASME section II Part D Appendix 1 except for

cast iron and ductile iron

Materials: material of unknown specification shall not be used for

pressure containing components

Quality factor E: depending type of weld, radiography and material

Factor y: factor depending Ferritic, Austenitic, Nickel and design

temperature
Factor W: weld strength reduction factor

Pipe under internal pressure (104.1.2 and 104.1.4 (in creep)):

P = internal design pressure

D0 = outside diameter of pipe
SE = maximum allowable stress, including quality factor
tm = minimum required thickness
y = coefficient table 104.1.2A

A = additional thickness to compensate threading, provide additional

strength, corrosion allowance

W = Weld strength reduction factor when in creep range, is 1

outside creep range (table 102.4.7)

Bend under internal pressure (102.4.5):

pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados is:

and I for the extrados is:

and at sidewall I = 1.0,
R = radius of pipe bend

Elbows under internal pressure (102.4.5):

Elbows manufactured according standards listed in Table 126.1 are

suitable for use at the pressure-temperature ratings specified by
such standards.

Elbows not according above standards or for which design formulas

and not given in the code shall be based on calculations consistent
with the design criteria of this code. These calculations shall be
substantiated by one or more of the means stated in A B C or D of
104.7.2 (Does this mean or allow that an elbow can be calculated
according a bend with uniform thickness? Refer B31.3)

Miter bends under internal pressure (104.3.3):

1. Only straight pipe calculations required if:

2. Pressure shall be limited to 70 kPa if:

or

and thickness is not less than required for straight pipe

3. Pressure shall be limited to 700 kPa if:

and

and thickness is not less than required for straight pipe

4. For pressure over 700 kPa: proof test, FEA, etc required with a
defined minimum for closely spaced and widely spaced miter bend

Reducer under internal pressure (104.6):

1. Flanged reducer according Table 126.1 are considered suitable at
the specified pressure temperature ratings.

2. Where butt welding reducers are made to a nominal pipe

thickness, the reducers shall be considered suitable for use with
pipe of the same nominal thickness.

3. Components not covered by the standards listed in Table 126.1

shall be based on calculation consistent with this code. Calculations
are to be substantiated by one of:

- extensive, successful service experience

- experimental analysis
- proof test

- detailed stress analysis, such as finite element analysis

(Is ASME VIII div.1 UG32 acceptable?)

Stubon under internal pressure (104.3.1(D)):

Required reinforcement area is

Err:509

with

A is additional thickness for corrosion and tolerances, tmh from

straight pipe calculation (104.1.2)

header excess area, with

branch excess

tr is reinforcement pad thickness

weld area

area reinforcement ring

area saddle on right angle connections

Assessment:

Area A2,A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the ratio of allowable

working stress, maximum multiplication factor is 1.0 (para.
104.3.1(D.2.3))
Tee (extruded outlet) under internal pressure (104.3.1(G)):

Required reinforcement area is

K = 1.0 when

K=

when

K = 0.7 when

reinforcement by header

reinforcement by branch with

excess branch area

Assessment:
Weldolet (branch) under internal pressure (104.3.1(D)):

Required reinforcement area is

reinforcement by header, with

reinforcement by branch with

with

= thickness pad or height of 60 deg angle fitting with in

reinforcement material

Err:509

excess weldolet area in reinforcement zone

Assessment:

Area A2,A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the ratio of allowable

working stress, maximum multiplication factor is 1.0 (para.
104.3.1(D.2.3))

Cap under internal pressure (104.4.1(B)):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-32 app.1-4

L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
or

Flat closure under internal pressure (104.4.1(b)):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG 34

Flange under internal pressure (104.5.1(B)):

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 app. 2 using B31.3

allowable stresses and temperature limits with:

Err:509
Err:509
Err:509
Err:509

Blind flange under internal pressure (104.5.2(B)):

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 UG-34 with:

Err:509
Err:509
Err:509
= pressure design thickness as per ASME VIII div. 1 UG-34

Blanks (spade) under internal pressure (304.5.3(B)):

Err:509
Err:509
31.1, B31.3 and B31.8
may contain errors and omissions.

ASME B31.3 (2008)

Process piping: typically found in petroleum

refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and
paper plants

Exclusions:

piping systems pressure above 0 and less 105

kPa nonflammable, nontoxic and not damaging to
human tissues

power boilers covered in BPV code and external

piping covered in B31.1
tubes, tube headers, crossovers and manifolds of
fired heaters

pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps

Including: fatigue due pressure cycling and thermal

cycling

Allowable stress:
as per Table A-1 and A-2

shear to remain below 80%, bearing to remain

below 160% of allowable stress

basis for bolting, cast iron, other material

flanges due to leakage below 75%

allowable stress of unlisted material (not

conforming 323.1.2) can not be used

Materials: material of unknown specification shall not

be used for pressure containing components

Quality factor E: depending type of weld,

radiography and material
Factor W: weld strength reduction factor

Factor f: stress range factor

Pipe under internal pressure (304.1.2):

P = internal design pressure

D = outside diameter of pipe
S = stress value for material
E = quality factor
t = pressure design thickness
y = coefficient, also from table 304.1.1
W = Weld strength reduction factor

Bend under internal pressure (304.2.1):

pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados is:

and I for the extrados is:

and at sidewall I = 1.0,

R = radius of pipe bend

Elbows under internal pressure (304.2.1):

Elbows manufactured according standards listed in

Table 326.1 are suitable for use at the pressure-
temperature ratings specified by such standards.

Elbows not according above standards or for which

design formulas and not given in the code shall be
based on calculations consistent with the design
criteria of this code. These calculations shall be
substantiated by one or more of the means stated in
A B C or D of 304.7.2, or the elbow can be calculated
according the Bend calculation, refer 304.2.2.

Miter bends under internal pressure (304.2.3):

1. When theta =< 22.5 deg than max. allowable

pressure shall be the lesser of (t = T - c):
and

2. When theta > 22.5 deg than max. allowable

pressure shall calculated as (t = T - c):

For all miter bends the R1 shall not be less than:

with A:

(T-c) =< 13 mm A = 25
13 < (T-c) =< 22 mm A = 2(T-c)
(T-c) > 22 mm A = 2(T-c)/3 + 30

Reducer under internal pressure (304.6.1(b)):

1. Reducers according Table 326.1 shall be
considered suitable for use at established pressure-
temperature ratings or corresponding straight pipe
with 87.5% of nominal wall thickness.

2. Concentric reducers not listed in Table 326.1 may

be designed according closures as per ASME VIII
div.1

3. Eccentric reducers not listed in Table 326.1 are

qualified as unlisted components and shall be
designed and documented substantiated by one of:

- extensive, successful service experience

- experimental analysis
- proof test

- detailed stress analysis, such as finite element

analysis

(Is ASME VIII div.1 UG32 acceptable?)

Stubon under internal pressure (304.3.3):

Required reinforcement area is

Err:509

excess header, with

attached reinforcement, weld area and other area

Assessment:

Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the ratio of

allowable working stress, maximum multiplication
factor is 1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))

If
then assess

If

then assess

Tee (extruded outlet) under internal pressure

(304.3.4):
Required reinforcement area is

K = 1.0 when

K=

when

K = 0.7 when

reinforcement by header

reinforcement by branch with

excess branch area

Assessment:

If

then assess

If

then assess
Weldolet (branch) under internal pressure
(304.3.3):
Required reinforcement area is

reinforcement by header, with

reinforcement by branch with

with

= thickness pad or a height of 0

Err:509

Assessment:

Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the ratio of

allowable working stress, maximum multiplication
factor is 1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))

Cap under internal pressure (304.4.1(b)):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-32 app.1-

4

L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
or

Flat closure under internal pressure (304.4.1(b)):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG 34

Flange under internal pressure (304.5.1(b)):

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 app. 2

using B31.3 allowable stresses and temperature
limits with:

Err:509
Err:509
Err:509
Err:509

Blind flange under internal pressure (304.5.2(b)):

Can be calculated according ASME VIII div.1 UG-34

with:

Err:509
Err:509
Err:509
= pressure design thickness as per ASME VIII div. 1
UG-34
Blanks (spade) under internal pressure
(304.5.3(b)):

Err:509
Err:509
 ASME B31.8 (2007)

Gas transportation and distribution systems: piping transporting

products, predominantly gas

Exclusions:

pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps

metal temperatures below -28.88 Celsius (-20 F) or over 232.22

Celsius (450 F)

piping beyond customer's meter set assembly

piping in refineries, natural gasoline extraction, gas treating plants

vent piping to substantially atmospheric pressures

wellhead assemblies
proprietary items such as equipment

liquid petroleum transportation systems, slurry transportation, carbon

dioxide and liquefied natural gas piping systems

Allowable stress:
as per table Appendix D times temperature derating factor in table
841.116A

Materials: material only as per Appendix A

Quality factor E: depending type of weld, radiography and material

Factor F: design factor

Factor T: temperature derating factor, compensate material allowable

stress values for temperature, Table 841.166A

Pipe under internal pressure (841.11):

P = internal design pressure

D = nominal outside diameter of pipe
S = specified minimum yield strength
E = longitudinal joint factor, table 841.115A
t = wall thickness
F = design factor from table 841.114A
T = Temperature derating factor from table 841.116A

Bend under internal pressure (841.231):

For cold bends the deflection of longitudinal axis and the radius is
limited according table in paragraph 841.231

Hot bends are to be designed and manufactured according ASME

B16.49, the internal pressure rating shall not be less than that which is
calculated for straight seamless pipe and the intrados wall thickness
should be:

where the t the wall thickness of the pipe is

Elbows under internal pressure (841.231?):

No specific design rules are listed for fabricated elbows

(Does this mean or allow that an elbow can be calculated according a

bend with uniform thickness? Refer B31.3)

Miter bends under internal pressure (841.232):

1. If system hoop stress > 40% of specified minimum yield strength miter
bends are not permitted. Deflections caused by misalignment up to 3 deg
are not considered as miters.

2. If 10% < hoop stress < 40% SMYS the deflection of each miter shall
not exceed 12.5 deg.
3. If hoop stress < 10% SMYS the total deflection angle shall not exceed
90 deg.
4. If hoop stress > 10% SMYS the distance measured at the crotch shall
not be less than one pipe diameter

Reducer under internal pressure (831.373):

1. Steel butt welded fittings shall comply with ASME B16.9 or MSS
Standard Practice and shall have pressure and temperature ratings
based on stresses for pipe of the same of equivalent material (831.31b)

2. Other pressure containing components shall be designed the

according design philosophy of this code substantiated by one of:

- extensive, successful service experience

- experimental analysis
- proof test
- engineering calculations

3. Closure heads such as flat, ellipsoidal, spherical or conical heads are

allowed for use under this code. Such items may be designed in
accordance with ASME VIII div.1 (UG32).

Stubon under internal pressure (831.4 and app. F):

Required reinforcement area is (Fig. F-5):

reinforcement by header

reinforcement by branch with

attached reinforcement, weld area and other area

Assessment:

Area A2 and A3 to be multiplied by the ratio of allowable working stress,

maximum multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 831.4(f))
Tee (extruded outlet) under internal pressure (831.4 ref. App. F):

Required reinforcement area is

K = 1.0 when d/D > 0.60

K = 0.6+(2d)/(3D) when 0.15 < d/D <= 0.60

K = 0.7 when d/D <= 0.15

reinforcement by header

reinforcement by branch with

excess branch area

Assessment:
Weldolet (branch) under internal pressure (831.4 ref. App. F):

Required reinforcement area is (Fig. F-5):

reinforcement by header

reinforcement by branch with

attached reinforcement, weld area and other area

Assessment:

Area A2 and A3 to be multiplied by the ratio of allowable working stress,

maximum multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 831.4(f))

Cap under internal pressure (831.372 and 831.373):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG-32 app.1-4

L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
or

Flat closure under internal pressure (831.373):

Can be calculated with ASME VIII div.1 UG 34

Flange under internal pressure (831.2):

Allowed to use:

ASME B16 series as listed in Appendix A such as B16.5.

Also MSS SP-44.
For slip-on welding flanges reference is made to ASME VIII div.1 design.

Can ASME VIII div.1 be used for calculation?

Blind flange under internal pressure:

Can ASME VIII div.1 be used?

Blanks (spade) under internal pressure:

Can ASME VIII div.1 be