Problem Set 2
Problem Set 2
Problem Set 2
A steam pipe is subjected to convection on the inner surface and to specified temperature
on the outer surface. The mathematical formulation, the variation of temperature in the
pipe, and the rate of heat loss are to be determined for steady one-dimensional heat
transfer.
Assumptions 1 Heat conduction is steady and one-dimensional since the pipe is long
relative to its thickness, and there is thermal symmetry about the center line. 2 Thermal
conductivity is constant. 3 There is no heat generation in the pipe.
Properties The thermal conductivity is given to be k = 7.2 Btu/hftF.
Analysis (a) Noting that heat transfer is one-dimensional in the radial r direction, the
mathematical formulation of this problem can be expressed as T =160F
d dT
r =0
dr dr Steam
250F
dT (r1 )
and k = h[T T (r1 )] h=1.25
dr
T (r2 ) = T2 = 160 F L = 15 ft
where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. Applying the boundary conditions give
C1
r = r1: k = h[T (C1 ln r1 + C2 )]
r1
r = r2: T (r2 ) = C1 ln r2 + C2 = T2
NOTE: if instead use h = 1.25 Btu/h-ft2-F (as was stated in the problem in text)
then we get
(160 250)F r r
T (r ) = ln + 160F = 2.590 ln + 160F
2 .4 7.2 Btu/h ft F 2.4 in 2.4 in
ln +
2 (1.25 Btu/h ft 2 F)(2 / 12 ft )
and the heat transfer rate is
(160 250)F
Q& = 2 (15 ft)(7.2 Btu/h ft F) = 1758 Btu/h
2 .4 7.2 Btu/h ft F
ln +
2 (1.25 Btu/h ft 2 F)(2 / 12 ft )
Figure P2-84
Heat is generated uniformly in a large brass plate. One side of the plate is
insulated while the other side is subjected to convection. The location and
values of the highest and the lowest temperatures in the plate are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Heat transfer is steady since there is no indication of any change with
time. 2 Heat transfer is one-dimensional since the plate is large relative to its thickness,
and there is thermal symmetry about the center plane 3 Thermal conductivity is constant.
4 Heat generation is uniform.
Properties The thermal conductivity is given to be k =111 W/mC.
Analysis This insulated plate whose thickness is L is
equivalent to one-half of an uninsulated plate whose
thickness is 2L since the midplane of the uninsulated k
plate can be treated as insulated surface. The highest g
temperature will occur at the insulated surface while the Insulated T =25C
lowest temperature will occur at the surface which is h=44 W/m2.C
L=5 cm
exposed to the environment. Note that L in the
following relations is the full thickness of the given
plate since the insulated side represents the center
surface of a plate whose thickness is doubled. The
desired values are determined directly from
g& L ( 2 10 5 W/m 3 )(0.05 m)
T s = T + = 25C + = 252.3 C
h 44 W/m 2 .C
g&L2 (2 10 5 W/m 3 )(0.05 m) 2
To = T s + = 252.3C + = 254.5 C
2k 2(111 W/m.C)
Figure P2-89
Figure 3.19
Chapter 3, Solution 19
A double-pane window consists of two 3-mm thick layers
of glass separated by a 12-mm wide stagnant air space. For specified indoors and
outdoors temperatures, the rate of heat loss through the window and the inner surface
temperature of the window are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Heat transfer through the window is steady since the indoor and outdoor
temperatures remain constant at the specified values. 2 Heat transfer is one-dimensional
since any significant temperature gradients will exist in the direction from the indoors to
the outdoors. 3 Thermal conductivities of the glass and air are constant. 4 Heat transfer
by radiation is negligible.
Properties The thermal conductivity of the glass and air are given to be kglass = 0.78
W/mC and kair = 0.026 W/mC.
Analysis The area of the window and the individual resistances are
A = (1.2 m) ( 2 m) = 2.4 m 2 Air
1 1
Ri = Rconv,1 = = = 0.0417 C/W
h1 A (10 W/m 2 .C)(2.4 m 2 )
L 0.003 m
R1 = R3 = Rglass = 1 = = 0.0016 C/W
k1 A (0.78 W/m.C)(2.4 m 2 )
L 0.012 m
R2 = Rair = 2 = = 0.1923 C/W
k2 A (0.026 W/m.C)(2.4 m 2 )
1 1
Ro = Rconv,2 = = = 0.0167 o C/W Ri R1 R2 R3 Ro
h2 A (25 W/m . C)(2.4 m 2 )
2 o
T1 T2
Rtotal = Rconv,1 + 2 R1 + R2 + Rconv,2 = 0.0417 + 2(0.0016) + 0.1923 + 0.0167
= 0.2539 C/W
Figure P3-24
Chapter 3, Solution 24