B737NG/34/310

ATCS

technical training

Boeing B737-600/700/800/900

Air Traffic Control System

Training manual
page 1
For training purposes only 15 - 04 - 2009
LEVEL 3
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Training manual ATCS

This publication was created by Sabena technics training department,

Brussels-Belgium, following ATA 104 specifications.

The information in this publication is furnished for informational and training

use only, and is subject to change without notice.

Sabena technics training assumes no responsibility for any errors or

inaccuracies that may appear in this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,

or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of Sabena technics training.

Contact address for

course registrations
course schedule information

Sabena technics training

[email protected]

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Table of Contents.
1. GENERAL..................................................................................................6

2. COMPONENT LOCATION.........................................................................8

3. ATC SYSTEM INTERFACE.......................................................................10

3.1. Antenna Interface.................................................................................10
3.2. Power Supply and Digital Interface........................................................10
3.3. Discrete Interface..................................................................................13
3.4. Suppession Interface.............................................................................14
3.5. ATC Transponder Functional Description...............................................14
3.5.1. Transponder Receive Function.......................................................14
3.5.2. Transponder Transmit Function.....................................................15

4. SYSTEM DETAILED DESCRIPTION.........................................................16

4.1. ATC / TCAS Control Panel.....................................................................16
4.2. ATC Transponder...................................................................................18
4.3. ATC Antenna........................................................................................19
4.4. ATC Coax Switch..................................................................................20

5. FRONT PANEL BITE................................................................................22

6. ATC SELF TEST........................................................................................24

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List of Illustrations. Abbreviations and Acronyms

ANTENNA COAX SWITCH....................................................................................................... 21 ADIRS air data inertial reference system
ATC / TCAS CONTROL PANEL.................................................................................................. 17 ADR air data reference
ATC ANTENNA........................................................................................................................ 19
ATC COMPONENT LOCATION................................................................................................... 9 alt altitude
ATC INTERFACE DIAGRAM...................................................................................................... 11 amp amplifier
ATC SELF TEST........................................................................................................................ 23 ant antenna
ATC SYSTEM BLOCKDIAGRAM................................................................................................. 7 ATC air traffic control
ATC TRANSPONDER................................................................................................................ 18
ATCRBS air traffic control radar beacon system
BITE built-in test equipment
CPU central processing unit
DME distance measuring equipment
FL flight level
gnd ground
ID i dent i f i cati on
I/0 input/output
ident identification
INT interrogator
LED light emitting diode
MAX maximum
PSR primary surveillance radar
RA resolution advisory
REL relative
RF radio frequency
rptg reporting
SLS side Lobe suppression
SSR secondary surveillance radar
stby standby
sw switch
TA traffic advisory
TCAS traffic aLert and collision avoidance system
tpr transponder
XFR transfer

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1. GENERAL.

The air traffic control (ATC) ground stations interrogate the airborne ATC The ATC transponders send and receive suppression pulses through the
system. The ATC transponder replies to the interrogations in the form of suppression coax tees. This prevents ATC transmissions interference with the
coded information that the ground station uses. DME and TCAS system operations.

The ATC transponder also replies to mode S interrogations from the traffic
alert and collision avoidance systems (TCAS) of other airplanes.

When a ground station or a TCAS computer from another airplane

interrogates the ATC system, the transponder transmits a pulse-coded reply
signal. The reply signal identifies and shows the altitude of the airplane.

These are the components of the ATC system:

- Top antenna.
- Bottom antenna.
- ATC coaxial switch (2).
- ATC / TCAS control panel.
- ATC transponder (2).

The two antennas transmit signals from the ATC transponder and send the
receive signals to the ATC transponder. These signals go through the ATC coax
switches.

The ATC / TCAS control panel sends identification and control data to the
transponders. The AT / TCAS control panel also allows selection of either
transponder 1 or transponder 2.

The air data inertial reference units (ADIRUs) supply barometric altitude data to
the the ATC transponders.

The ATC transponders interface with the TCAS system.

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ATC SYSTEM BLOCKDIAGRAM

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2. COMPONENT LOCATION.

Flight Compartment.
The ATC / TCAS control panel is on the P8 aft electronics panel.

Electronic Equipment Compartment.

These are the ATC transponder system components in the electronic
equipment compartment:

- ATC trans.ponder 1.
- ATC transponder 2.
- Program switch module (2).
- Top ATC coax switch.
- Bottom ATC coax switch.

ATC Antennas.
The ATC antennas are on the forward fuselage near the centerLine. The top
ATC antenna is at STA 430.25. The .bottom ATC antenna is at STA 355.

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ATC COMPONENT LOCATION

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3. ATC SYSTEM INTERFACE.

3.1. Antenna Interface. 3.2. Power Supply and Digital Interface.

The ATC coax switches receive power through the ATC ANT SWITCH circuit Power.
breaker. When you select ATC transponder 1 on the control paneL, the ATC ATC transponder 1 gets 115 Vac power from standby bus 1. ATC transponder
coax switches do not energize and the antennas connect to ATC transponder 2 gets 115 Vac power from transfer bus 2. The ATC / TCAS control panel gets
1. When you select ATC transponder 2, the ATC/TCAS control panel sends a 115 Vac power from both standby bus 1 and xfr bus 2.
discrete ground to the ATC coax switches. This energizes the coax swithes and
connects the top and bottom antennas to ATC transponder 2. Identity Code.
The flight crew sets the four digit identity code and it shows on the ATC /
TCAS control panel. Both transponders get the identity code from the ATC /
TCAS control panel.

Control Data.
The ATC / TCAS control panel also sends control data to the transponders.
This control data does these functions:

- Permits mode C and mode S operation.

- Lets the transponder send the special position identification (SPI) pulse
or airplane identification code.

The digital data bus from the control panel has three digital discretes. One
shows if the mode selector on the panel is in the ALT RPTG OFF (altitude
reporting off) position. If it is, the CPU does not permit the transponder to
make a mode C reply or to give altitude information in a mode S reply.

The second digital discrete from the control panel shows the position of the
IDENT switch. The pilot momentarily pushes the IDENT switch at the request of
the ATC ground station. When this happens, the transponder sends a special
position identification (SPI) pulse at the end of every normal mode A reply.
It continues for 18 seconds. The SPI causes the airplane to be highlighted on
the air traffic controllers radar screen.

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A1

B1

C1

ATC INTERFACE DIAGRAM

A U
TU
A S 1

1
T ATC
1
SU SS 1
TCAS
1
C T A
1
A T TU A
1 VC 1
SU Y AT BT A
115 VAC 5VC 1
STBY BUS AT T A
A
ATA BUS U ST ATUS
B
MODE S S1
ADIRU 2 T ST SU CODE
A T
STATUS C

ATA BUS 1

ADIRU 1
CAB A Y 1 S

T B TT AT A
T
SC
C PROCESSOR
Y
PSEU BT
SU Y
A
C T
UT
B
S
T A C
T A T A
ATA
PROCESSOR A C A T
ATC 1 U ATA S
T B TT
PSEU STBY AT A S ATA
AU T C
C
DIP SWITCH ATC 1
T
AT A C V
S CT
A T A S TT
A
B T A C A SS
BA A T TU
A TAS
T T TCAS C
S ATC TRANSPONDER 1 SYS A A TA
1 A SCS

S 1
A TSUC
S
A S TOP ATC BOTTOM ATC
ANTENNA ANTENNA TCAS COMPUTER
1 C S 1
SWITCH
TA Y
TA A CONTROL

A T T C S
T ST S
STBY
T T
T T CTU
AST
T ST

ATC CONTROL PANEL

VC
BUS
COAX SWITCH TOP COAX SWITCH BOTTOM
ATC SELECT
RELAY

VC
BUS

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The third digital discrete from the control panel shows if TEST is selected. If it
is, the transponder starts a functional seLf-test.

Air Data.
The air data inertial reference units (ADIRU) send air data to the ATC
transponders.

ATC transponder 1 gets air data at AD input 1 from the left ADIRU air data
reference (ADR) bus 4. The Left ADIRU also supplies air data to the ATC 2
transponder from ADR bus 4.

ATC transponder 2 gets air data at AD input 1 from the right ADIRU air data
reference (ADR) bus 4. The right ADIRU also supplies air data to the ATC 1
transponder from ADR bus 4.

Digital Data to TCAS.

The active ATC transponder sends this data to the traffic alert and collision
avoidance system (TCAS) computer:

- The 24-bit mode S airplane identification. TCAS needs the airplane mode S
identification for maneuver coordination.

- Barometric altitude.
- Maximum true airspeed.
- TCAS coordination message data.
- ATC transponder system failure data.

TCAS to Active Transponder.

The TCAS computer sends this data to the active transponder:

- General TCAS operational data.

- Coordination update data.

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3.3. Discrete Interface. airplane. The transponder formats and sends the maximum true airspeed to
the TCAS computer.
Standby/On Discrete.
The ATC / TCAS control panel sends a ground standby discrete to the
transponder that is not in use.

Air/Ground.
The air/ground discretes go through the ATC / TCAS control panel to the
transponders.

This is the purpose of the air ground relay:

- Prevents ground tests of the ATC system in the air.

- Prevents mode A and mode C replies on the ground.
- Defines flight legs in the non-volatile memory.

Transponder Fail Discretes.

Each transponders built-in test equipment (BITE) continually monitors the
equipment for failures. If the BITE detects a failure, the transponder sends the
fail discretes to the ATC / TCAS control panel.

Program Pins.
Each ATC transponder has these program pins:

- Airplane mode S address.

- Source destination indicator (SDI).
- Maximum true airspeed.

There are 24 airplane address program pins on each transponder. A program

switch module connects to the program pins. The program switch module
supplies the open and ground connections necessary to make the 24 bit
unique airplane identification.
The SDI defines the transponder as the ATC 1 or ATC 2 transponder.
The maximum true airspeed pins define the maximum true airspeed for the

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3.4. Suppession Interface. 3.5. ATC Transponder Functional Description.

The ATC transponders, TCAS, and the DME interrogators operate in the same 3.5.1. Transponder Receive Function.
frequency band. There is a suppression interface between these units.
This prevents damage to the receiver circuits during a signal transmission. General.
The suppression circuits also prevent responses from onboard equipment. The antennas send the interrogation signals to the transponder.
The signals go through the diplexer circuits to two receivers.
The first unit to transmit sends a suppression pulse to a coax tee. The 1030 MHz interrogation signal mixes with a 1090 MHz signal from
The coax tee divides the suppression pulse and sends it to the different units, the 1090 MHz oscillator. This makes an intermediate frequency signal
or to a different coax tee. This suppression pulse prevents the operation of the that the signal processor uses.
receiver circuits in the other units.
Suppression.
When the transponder gets a suppression pulse from another system,
the signal processor circuits do not permit the receiver circuits to
operate.

Antenna Select.
The antenna select circuit chooses the diplexer and antenna that
supplies the strongest receiver signal. The transmission of the reply
signal goes through the selected diplexer and antenna.

Signal Processor.
The signal processor determines if the transponder receives a valid
interrogation signal. It also determines the correct reply mode; mode A,
mode C, or mode S.

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3.5.2. Transponder Transmit Function. Test.

When you apply power or do a test of the ATC transponder system,
Transmit. the built-in test equipment (BITE) does a check of the operational status
The central processor unit (CPU) controls the transponder to reply to a of all the internal circuits and for the correct antenna impedance. The
mode A, mode C, or mode S interrogation. The mode format circuits BITE circuits identify any failures and put them into the non-volatile
use the identity code, airplane altitude and the unique 24-bit airplane memory.
address from the memory to format the data for the reply signals.
The LEDs on the front panel of the transponder come on to report these
The mode A reply contains the airplane identity code. conditions :

The mode C reply contains the airplane altitude. - Transponder status,

- Antenna status,
The mode S replies contain a unique 24-bit airplane address, identity - Transponder control interface status,
code, altitude information and TCAS information. - Altitude interface status.

After the signal processor chooses the correct mode for the reply data,
the modulator makes a reply signal from that format. The modulator
signal goes to the power amplifier. The signal modulates a 1090 MHz
frequency to make the transmission reply signal. The transmission reply
signal goes to the diplexer and to the ATC antenna.

The antenna select-circuit makes the transmission signal go to the

antenna that receives the strongest interrogation signal.

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4. SYSTEM DETAILED DESCRIPTION.

4.1. ATC / TCAS Control Panel. Transponder Mode Selector.

The transponder mode selector has several positions. These are the functions
Transponder Select Switch and Active System Display. that the ATC system uses :
The transponder select switch has a 1 and a 2 ATC transponder (ATC) position.
When the flight crew selects the 1 position, the control panel sends a ground - TEST: This push button on the top of the mode selector starts an ATC
standby/on discrete to transponder 2 only. Transponder 2 is in standby. transponder functional test.
Transponder 1 is active. - STBY (standby): A ground discrete goes to both transponders.
This ground discrete prevents operation of the transponder,
When the flight crew selects the 2 position, the control panel sends an open but does not prevent built-in-test-equipment (BITE) functions.
standby/on discrete to transponder 2 to make it active. A ground standby/on - ALT RPTG OFF (altitude reporting off): The active transponder responds
discrete goes to transponder 1 and an antenna transfer discrete goes to the to ATC interrogations. The reply does not contain an altitude report.
ATC coax switches. This puts transponder 1 in standby and makes the relays - XPNDR (transponder): The active transponder responds to ATC
connect the ATC antennas to transponder 2. interrogations. Mode C and mode S replies contain altitude information.

The selected ATC system shows on the LCD active system display. IDENT Switch.
When the ATC controller requests the airplane identifier, the flight crew
Identification Code Display and Selection. pushes the momentary IDENT switch. The transponder adds a special position
The flight crew uses the code selectors to set the four digits of the identification (SPI) pulse to the interrogation reply for the next 18 seconds.
identification code. The four digits show on the liquid crystal display (LCD).
Codes are from 0000 to 7777, with 4096 different selections. Altitude Source Switch.
Use the two-position switch to set the source of altitude data for the ATC
CAUTION : DO NOT SELECT CODES 7500, 7600 OR 7700. THESE CODES ARE transponder. When you set the switch to the number 1 position,
USED ONLY FOR EMERGENCIES. ADIRU 1 supplies the altitude data. When you set the switch to the number 2
position, ADIRU 2 supplies the altitude data.

XPNDR FAIL Light.

The XPNDR FAIL light comes on for these conditions :

- Transponder failure,
- Antenna failure,
- Control data failure,
- Altitude input failure.

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ATC / TCAS CONTROL PANEL

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4.2. ATC Transponder.

General.
The ATC ground station interrogates the ATC transponder with a puLse-coded
signal at a frequency of 1030 MHz.

The transponder responds with pulse-coded signals at a frequency of 1090

MHz.

The transponder responds to air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS)
mode A and mode C interrogations. The transponder also responds to air
traffic control and the TCAS computer with the mode select (mode S) format.

The ATC transponder has a non-volatile flight-fauLt memory.

Front Panel Indications.

The test switch starts a self-test.

The light emitting diode (LED) status indicators on the front panel show for
these conditions:

- XPDR PASS (green), if there is no LRU failures.

- XPDR FAIL (red), if there is an LRU failure.
- CNTL PNL, if the control panel input fails.
- TOP ANT, if the top antenna fails.
- BOT ANT, if the bottom antenna fails.
- ALT SIG, if the aLtitude input from the ADIRU fails.

ATC TRANSPONDER

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4.3. ATC Antenna.

The ATC L-band blade antenna receives 1030 MHZ interrogation signals from
ATC ground stations and other airplanes that have TCAS.
The ATC transponder transmits the reply signals through the L-band antenna.

The coaxial cable connector connects to the antenna. The antenna has an
O-ring moisture seal and attaches to the airplane by four screws.
The ATC and DME antennas are the same and are interchangeable.

NOTE : Extra force on the antenna base may be required to break the
weatherproofing seal. To prevent damage to the airplane skin or
electrical cable at the antenna base, carefully pry around the antenna
with a sealant removal tool.

ATC ANTENNA

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4.4. ATC Coax Switch.

The ATC coax switches connect the active ATC transponder to the top and
bottom ATC antennas.

These are the electrical connector inputs :

- ATC antenna switch circuit breaker,

- ATC / TCAS control panel.

The ATC coax switches supply an RF interface for the ATC system interrogation
and reply signals. These are the connectors :

- ATC transponder 1 connector,

- ATC antenna connector,
- ATC transponder 2 connector.

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ANTENNA COAX SWITCH

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5. FRONT PANEL BITE.

Push the TEST switch on the front of the transponder or select TEST on the
ATC/TCAS control panel to start a self test of the ATC system.
During test, the transponder BITE circuits do these functions :

- Normal operation test,

- Memory tests,
- Simulated interrogation test of the receiver circuits,
- Antenna impedance test,
- TCAS interface test,
- Valid control and altitude inputs monitor.

Push and release the test switch. All front panel Light emitting diode (LED)
status indicators come on for three seconds. After three seconds, the XPDR
PASS or XPDR FAIL LED stays on for 10 seconds. Other LEDs may also stay on if
there is a failure.

If you do not push the test switch again, the LEDs go out. If you push the
switch while the LEDs are on, the previous flight Leg faults show on the LEDs.
The transponder can store faults for 10 flight Legs.

To show all the flight Legs, you must push the test switch when the previous
flight Leg faults show. When all the flight Legs are shown, the LEDs go on and
off.

These are the LED status indicators and their reLa,ted conditions :

- XPDR PASS (GREEN), if there is no LRU failure,

- XPDR FAIL (RED), if there is an LRU failure,
- CNTL PNL, if the control panel input fails,
- TOP ANT, if the top antenna fails,
- BOT ANT, if the bottom antenna fails,
- ALT SIG, if the altitude input from the ADIRU fails.

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ATC SELF TEST

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6. ATC SELF TEST.

Push and release the test button on the control panel to start a self test of the
ATC system. The XPNDR FAIL light comes on for approximately three seconds
and then goes off if the test is successful.
The XPNDR FAIL light stays on for these conditions:

- Transponder failure,
- Antenna failure,
- Control data failure,
- Altitude input failure.

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