2013 Process
2013 Process
2013 Process
ISSN 2229-5518
Abstract Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is an useful product of cashew Industries. The cashew plantation and productions are high in
the countries such as Africa, Australia and India etc. Cardanol is an important and very useful product of cashes nut shell liquid. This paper
deals the extraction process of Cardanol and its industrial applications .
1 INTRODUCTION
ter, for example, in the case of a small quantity of oil, say 200 Solubility in Organic Solvents.
ml/ the distillation period is about 10 to 15 minutes. A semi-
commercial or commercial scale distillation of CNSL may Improved Processability.
however take longer times. It has been found that there are
Low Fade Characteristics for Friction.
certain difficulties of operation with regard to single-stage
fractional distillation method, i.e. frothing of the oil which Resistance to 'Cold Wear'.
renders difficult the fractionation of cardol and also formation
of polymerised resin. These difficulties can be over come in the Good Electrical Resistance.
two-stage distillation, if care is taken not to prolong the heat- Better Water Repellence.
ing; this is to avoid the undue formation of polymerised resins
and possible destruction partially or completely of the cardol Improved alkali and acid resistance.
or anacardol. When CNSL is distilled at a reduced pressure of Compatibility with other polymers
about 2 to 2.5 mm. mercury, the distillate containing anacardol
and cardol distils firstly at about 200C to 240C. This first dis- Antimicrobial Property.
tillate is then subjected to a second distillation under the same Termite and Insect Resistance.
identical conditions of temperature and pressure when the
anacardol distils over at a temperature of 205C to 210C and Structural Features for Transformation into High Per-
the cardol distils over at a temperature of 230C to 235C. In formance Polymers.
practice it has been found that the preliminary decarboxyla-
Polymerisation Characteristics of CNSL
tion of the oil is essential, since there will be excessive froth-
ing, which renders the distillation procedure unproductive CNSL can be polymerised by a variety of methods:
and uneconomical. A specific feature of this invention is that
both cardol and anacardol may be obtained by a three-step Addition Polymerisation through the side chain dou-
process. The first step of the process is to get the decarboxylat- ble bonds using cationic initiators such as sulphuric ac-
ed oil by heating the oil to a temperature of 170C to 175C id, diethylsulphate etc..
under reduced pressure of 30-40 mm. mercury. The next two
Condensation Polymerisation through the phenolic
steps are the same as above for the production of both cardol
ring with aldehydic compounds.
and anacardol. This invention is significant in the sense that it
can be applied not only to the cashew nut oil but also to cash- Polymerisation after Chemical Modification to intro-
ew nuts themselves or nut shells. duce speciality properties.
Cardanol resin varnishes have good electrical insulating prop- es are comparatively cheaper and compatible ith other waxes
erties and resistance against water and chemicals. They give such as bees wax, carnauba wax, paraffin wax etc. etc.
superior quality Stamping Varnishes. Because of their high
insulation and dielectric losses, these varnishes are preffered
Mineral Oil Additives
to compositions based on usual Phenol such as Cresol or Sub-
stituted phenols. Mineral oil additives based on Amino Cardanol ethers of hy-
dronated Cardanol and salts of its Sulphonated ethers are
Surface Coatings and Paints
found to improve the viscosity index of mineral oil, inhibit
Cardanol resin Varnishs in addition to water and Chemical sludge formation and antioxident properties.
resistance have good air drying and baking properties. These
Food Can lacquers
compositions are suitable for wood finishes, food can lacquers
textile bobins and high quality paints. Stoving paints can be Co-polymers of Cardanol with other film forming materials
prepared which could be baked at 60C. The Cardanol based give good quality lacquers giving golden yellow films both of
resins have good compatibility with other synthetic resins air drying and baking type. These have been found to be very
such as alkydes, epoxies chlorinated rubber, Phenolic etc., and effective for food can application.
can serve as raw material for variety of paints.
Adhesives based on Cardanol Resins give superior water re-
Lamination Industry sistance and bonding properties to the plywood.
Azo dyes
Three pentadecyl phenol and sulphonated products of Car-
danol are being used as intermediates for Azo Dyes.
Wax Substitutes
Waxing solids with high melting points could be prepared
from Cardanol resins and suitable Amide such as Stearamide.
When 3 pentadecyl phenol is reacted with 1:4 Dichlorobutane
a wax with a melting point of 90/93C is obtained. These wax-
IJSER 2013
http://www.ijser.org
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue3, March-2013 4
ISSN 2229-5518
IJSER 2013
http://www.ijser.org