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    Mutations 1

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    Mutations 1

    Uploaded by

    api-233187566
    2K views20 pages

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    mutations 1

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views20 pages

    Mutations 1

    Uploaded by

    api-233187566

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Dont let this happen to you!!

    MUTATIONS
    Changes in DNA that affect genetic
    information
    Types of Mutations-There are
    different types of Mutations
    Gene Mutations Chromosomal Mutations
    Gene Mutations- Chromosomal Mutations-
    These are mutations Changes in number and
    that affect the gene. structure of entire
    The mistake is in the chromosomes (organisms
    nucleotide. have a certain number of
    Point Mutation chromosomes)
    Deletion
    Insertion
    Duplication
    Deletion
    Inversion
    Translocation
    Gene Mutations

    Point Mutations changes in


    one or a few nucleotides
    Substitution
    THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
    THE FAT HAT ATE THE RAT
    Insertion
    THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
    THE FAT CAT XLW ATE THE RAT
    Deletion
    THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
    THE FAT ATE THE RAT
    Gene Mutations
    Frameshift Mutations shifts
    the reading frame of the
    genetic message so that the
    protein may not be able to
    perform its function.
    Insertion
    THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
    THE FAT HCA TAT ETH ERA T

    H
    Deletion
    THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
    TEF ATC ATA TET GER AT

    H
    Chromosome Mutations
    Changes in number and structure of entire
    chromosomes
    Original Chromosome ABC * DEF
    Deletion AC * DEF
    Duplication ABBC * DEF
    Inversion AED * CBF
    Translocation ABC * JKL
    GHI * DEF
    Significance of Mutations
    Most are neutral
    Eye color
    Birth marks
    Some are harmful
    Sickle Cell Anemia
    Down Syndrome
    Some are beneficial
    Sickle Cell Anemia to Malaria
    Immunity to HIV
    What Causes Mutations?
    There are two ways in which DNA can
    become mutated:
    Mutations can be inherited.
    Parent to child
    Mutations can be acquired.
    Environmental damage
    Mistakes when DNA is copied
    Normal Male

    2n = 46
    copyright cmassengale 9
    Normal Female

    copyright cmassengale 2n = 46 10
    Chromosome Mutations
    Down Syndrome
    Chromosome 21 does
    not separate correctly.
    They have 47
    chromosomes in stead
    of 46.
    Children with Down
    Syndrome develop
    slower, may have heart
    and stomach illnesses
    and vary greatly in their
    degree of inteligence.
    Male, Trisomy-Downs
    Syndrome

    copyright cmassengale 2n = 47 12
    Chromosome Mutations

    Cri-du-chat
    Deletion of material on 5th
    chromosome
    Characterized by the cat-like
    cry made by cri-du-chat
    babies
    Varied levels of metal
    handicaps
    Sex Chromosome
    Abnormalities
    Klinefelters
    Syndrome
    XXY, XXYY, XXXY
    Male
    Sterility
    Small testicles
    Breast enlargement
    Sex Chromosome
    Abnormalities
    XYY Syndrome
    Normal male traits
    Often tall and thin
    Associated with antisocial and behavioral
    problems
    Sex Chromosome
    Mutations
    Turners Syndrome
    X
    Female
    sex organs don't
    mature at
    adolescence
    sterility
    short stature
    Sex Chromosome
    Mutations
    XXX
    Trisomy X
    Female
    Little or no visible differences
    tall stature
    learning disabilities
    limited fertility
    Some mutations even
    make it on SNL!

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