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    Exam03 Sol f12

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    hasib_07
    This document contains the solutions to an exam for Physics 8.01 given in the fall term of 2012 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It includes the solutions to 4 physics problems involving concepts like rotational motion, collisions, orbital mechanics, and potential energy. The problems require calculating speeds, forces, energies and other variables using given mass values, distances, angles, spring constants and other physical parameters. Diagrams illustrate the systems and situations described in each problem.

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    Exam03 Sol f12

    Uploaded by

    hasib_07
    326 views12 pages
    This document contains the solutions to an exam for Physics 8.01 given in the fall term of 2012 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It includes the solutions to 4 physics problems involving concepts like rotational motion, collisions, orbital mechanics, and potential energy. The problems require calculating speeds, forces, energies and other variables using given mass values, distances, angles, spring constants and other physical parameters. Diagrams illustrate the systems and situations described in each problem.

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    This document contains the solutions to an exam for Physics 8.01 given in the fall term of 2012 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It includes the solutions to 4 physics problems involving concepts like rotational motion, collisions, orbital mechanics, and potential energy. The problems require calculating speeds, forces, energies and other variables using given mass values, distances, angles, spring constants and other physical parameters. Diagrams illustrate the systems and situations described in each problem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    326 views12 pages

    Exam03 Sol f12

    Uploaded by

    hasib_07
    This document contains the solutions to an exam for Physics 8.01 given in the fall term of 2012 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It includes the solutions to 4 physics problems involving concepts like rotational motion, collisions, orbital mechanics, and potential energy. The problems require calculating speeds, forces, energies and other variables using given mass values, distances, angles, spring constants and other physical parameters. Diagrams illustrate the systems and situations described in each problem.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    Department of Physics

    Physics 8.01 Fall Term 2012


    Exam 3 Solutions

    Problem 1 of 4 (25 points)

    Answers without work shown will not be given any credit.

    Consider a fixed wheel that consists of a uniform cylindrical disk with a radius R and a
    mass M1 , and a second uniform cylindrical disk of radius R / 2 and mass M 2 that is
    attached concentrically to the first disk, as shown in the top view (above right). The
    wheel is free to rotate about a frictionless pivot at its center. A rope is wound around the
    smaller disk, then around a small frictionless post. The other end of the rope is attached to
    a block of mass M b so that both disks rotate together as the block falls. The moment of
    inertia of a uniform disk of mass M and radius R about an axis passing through the
    center of mass and perpendicular to the plane of the disk is (1 / 2) MR 2 . The downward
    acceleration of gravity is g . The block is released from rest. How long does it take the
    block to fall a distance d ? Express all answers in terms of R , M1 , M 2 , M b , g , and d
    as needed.

    1
    2
    3
    Problem 2 of 4 (25 points)

    Answers without work shown will not be given any credit.

    Particle 1 of mass m1 , initially moving in the positive x -direction (to the right in the
    figure below) with speed v1,i , collides with particle 2 of mass m2 = m1 / 3 , which is
    initially moving in the opposite direction (to the left in the figure) with an unknown speed
    v2,i . Assume that the total external force acting on the particles is zero. Do not assume
    the collision is elastic. After the collision, particle 1 moves with speed v1, f = v1,i / 2 in
    the negative y -direction (downward in the figure). After the collision, particle 2 moves
    with an unknown speed v2, f , at an angle ! 2, f = 45o with respect to the positive x -
    direction (upward and to the right in the figure).
    Note that sin 45o = cos 45o = 2 / 2 .

    a) Determine the initial speed v2,i of particle 2 and the final speed v2, f of particle 2
    in terms of v1,i .

    b) Is the collision elastic? Justify your answer.

    4
    5
    Problem 3 of 4 (25 points)

    A massless spring of spring constant k is initially compressed a distance d between a


    thin uniform rod of mass mr and length l , and a stop. The rod is pivoted about the point
    P . The rod is initially held in place on a frictionless table. When the rod is released it
    rotates until it strikes a ball of mass mb that is at rest a distance s from the pivot point P
    (see figure on left). After the collision, the ball moves with speed v in the direction
    shown in the figure on the above right. Assume the collision of the rod and the ball is
    inelastic but that they do not stick together. The moment of inertia of a uniform rod of
    mass mr and length l about an axis passing through the center of mass and
    perpendicular to the rod is (1 / 12)mr l 2 . What is the final angular speed ! f after the
    collision with the ball? Express all answers in terms of k , d , mr , l , mb , v , and s
    as needed.

    6
    7
    Problem 4 of 4: (25 points) Concept Questions (Parts A through E)

    Part A (5 points)

    A uniform rigid rod is lying on a horizontal frictionless table and pivoted at the point P
    on the one end (shown in the figure). A point-like object is moving to the right (see
    figure) with speed v0 . It collides elastically with the rod at the end of the rod and
    rebounds backwards with speed v f . After the collision, the rod rotates clockwise about
    !
    its pivot point P with angular velocity ! . After the collision, how does the magnitude of
    the angular momentum of the rod about the pivot point P compare to the angular
    momentum of the point-like object about the pivot point P ?

    1) greater.

    2) equal to.

    3) less than.

    4) Not enough information is specified to decide which of the above three statements
    is correct.

    Enter the number of the correct statement on the answer line below.

    Answer: ______1___________________

    8
    Part B (5 points)

    A ping-pong ball and a cannonball collide elastically. The velocity of the ping-pong ball
    before the collision is v p,0 i , with v p,0 > 0 . The velocity of the cannonball before the
    collision is !vc,0 i , with vc,0 > 0 . The line of motion of the ping-pong ball passes through
    !
    the center of the cannonball. The velocity of the ping-pong ball after the collision is v p, f .
    You may assume that the mass of the cannonball is much greater than the mass of the
    ping-pong ball and ignore any effects due to gravity. After the collision, the velocity of
    the ping-pong ball is
    !
    1) v p, f = (v p,0 + vc,0 )i .

    !
    2) v p, f = !(v p,0 + vc,0 )i .

    !
    3) v p, f = (2v p,0 + vc,0 )i .

    !
    4) v p, f = !(2v p,0 + vc,0 )i .

    !
    5) v p, f = (v p,0 + 2vc,0 )i .

    !
    6) v p, f = !(v p,0 + 2vc,0 )i .

    7) None of the above.

    Enter the number of the correct statement on the answer line below.

    Answer: _________6________________

    9
    Part C (5 points)

    A lunar mapping satellite of mass ms is in a circular orbit around the moon, and the orbit
    has radius R0 . A repair robot of mass mr < ms is also in a circular orbit (same radius),
    but in the opposite direction. The orbital speed v0 of the two objects is the same. Some
    time later the two objects collide and stick together. Assume that the collision happens
    instantaneously. Consider the following three statements.

    I. The sum of the angular momentum of the satellite and the robot about the center of the
    moon does not change as a result of the collision.

    II. The mechanical energy of the satellite and robot does not change as a result of the
    collision.

    III. The sum of the momentum of the satellite and the robot does not change as a result of
    the collision.

    Which of the following is correct?

    1) I, II, III are true.


    2) I and II are true, but III is false.
    3) I and III are true, but II is false.
    4) II and III are true, but I is false.
    5) Only I is true.
    6) Only II is true.
    7) Only III is true.
    8) I, II, and III are false.

    Enter the number of the correct statement on the answer line below.

    Answer: __________3_______________

    10
    Part D (5 points):

    A uniform rod of length L and mass m is in static equilibrium, hinged to a wall at one
    end and suspended from the wall by a cable that is attached to the other end of the rod at
    an angle ! = 30o with respect to the horizontal (see figure above). A block of equal mass
    m is resting on the rod a distance L / 4 from the hinge point. Let T denote the
    magnitude of the tension in the cable. Let Fy denote the y -component of the hinge force
    acting at the point where the rod is hinged to the wall. Assume the cable has zero mass.
    Note that sin 30o = 1 / 2 and cos30o = 3 / 2 . Which of the following statements is
    correct?

    3 5
    1) T = mg and Fy = mg .
    4 4
    3 5
    2) T = mg and Fy = ! mg .
    4 4
    3 5
    3) T = mg and Fy = mg .
    2 4
    3 5
    4) T = mg and Fy = ! mg .
    2 4
    3 2 5
    5) T = mg and Fy = mg .
    4 4
    5 2 5
    6) T = mg and Fy = ! mg .
    4 4
    7) None of the above.

    Enter the number of the correct statement on the answer line below.

    Answer: ___________3________________

    11
    Part E (5 points):

    Consider the potential energy U (x) = !ax 2 + bx 4 + U 0 for a particle undergoing one-
    dimensional motion along the x -axis. The figure above shows a graph of potential
    energy U (x) versus position x . The mechanical energy E of the particle is indicated by
    a dashed line. At t = 0 , the particle is somewhere between the points B and I. For later
    times answer the following questions.

    1) Which point(s) will this particle never reach?

    Answer: _________A, J_________________

    2) At which point(s) will the force on this particle have the largest positive x -
    component?

    Answer: ____________B _______________

    3) At which point(s) will the force on this particle be zero?

    Answer: ___________C, F, H________________

    4) At which point(s) will the kinetic energy of this particle be zero?

    Answer: ___________B, I________________

    5) At which point(s) will the kinetic energy of this particle be maximum?

    Answer: _____________C, H______________

    12

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