Finite Element Methods

FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(BDA 4033)
Lecture Module 1: Introduction
Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Course Objectives
The aim of the subject is to introduce basic finite

element methods and its relevant applications to
the solution of engineering problems.
It will provide a sufficient knowledge in using
application FEM based software creatively for
professional works.
BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 2

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course students

should be able to:
develop computational model based on standard
element stiffness matrices
solve numerically problems in bar/truss/frame
structure, heat transfer and fluid flow
execute problem solving methods using the
available finite element methods software
discuss in group to improve model acquired by
using resources from finite element solution.
What you can do

What you can doHeat Transfer

References

Saeed Moaveni, 2008. Finite Element Analysis, 3rd edition, Pearson
Education International.

N.S. Ottosen & H. Petersson, 1992. Introduction to the Finite Element
Method, Prentice Hall.

G.R. Buchanan, 1995. Schaums Outline Series, Theory and Problems of
Finite Element Analysis, McGraw-Hill.

J.N. Reddy, 2006. An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 3rd
edition, McGraw Hill

K.J. Bathe, 1996. Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall.

L.J. Segerlind, 1997. Analisis Unsur Terhingga Gunaan, diterjemahkan
oleh Muhamad Her Jantan, Penerbit UTM.

Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla & Ashok D.Belegundu, 2002. Introduction to
Finite Elements in Engineering, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall
Subject Delivery

Lecturing and Tutoring
Explaining theories, methods and understanding related to the
topics.
Discussing sample problems related to the topics

Software Application on Laboratory Session (A)
Application of finite element methods using FEM software

Assessment Scheme
Students attendance *
Individual assignment (2) ( 5%)
Simulation Lab Report ( 5%)
Group case study (10%)
Test (2) (30%)
Final Examination (50%)
* Attendance must not less than 80%

Lecture Time Tables
BDA 4033 FEM, S2
First half
Ref RPP-04 Chap 1 to Chap 5
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
10/9/12 11/9/12 17/9/12 18/9/12 24/9/12 25/9/12 1/10/12 2/10/12 8/10/12 9/10/12 15/10/12 16/10/12 22/10/12 23/10/12
CAD-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1 CA D-1/2 E15-1 CA D-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1
8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM
Ass-1 Issued Ass-1 Due

8/10/12 14/10/12
Topic: Ch 1-4 (5%)
Test-1
15/10/12
Topic: Ch 1-4
(15%)
Second half
Ref RPP-04 Chap 6 to Chap 10 Week 14
Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Proj Presentation
5/11/12 6/11/12 12/11/12 13/11/12 19/11/12 20/11/12 26/11/12 27/11/12 3/12/12 4/12/12 10/12/12 11/12/12 17/12/12 18/12/12
CAD-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1 CA D-1/2 E15-1 CA D-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1 CAD-1/2 E15-1
8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM 8-10am 2-4PM
Ass-2 Issued Ass-2 Due Pres-Project

13/11/12 18/11/12 17/12/12 18/12/12
Topic: Ch 5-6 (5%) (10% )
Project Start Test-2 F. EXAM

13/11/12 19/11/12 UTHM Tables
Case Study Topic: Ch 5-7 Topic: All, comprehensiv e
(15%) (50%)

Part 1 (7 Weeks)
1)INTRODUCTION
2)MATRIX ALGEBRA
3)AXIAL and TORSIONAL ELEMENTS
4)TRUSS 2D/3D ELEMENTS
5) BEAM, GRID AND FRAME ELEMENTS

Part 2 (7 weeks)
6)ONE DIM HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEM

7)TWO DIM STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
8)TWO DIM HEAT TRANSFER ELEMENTS
9)FLUID FLOW NETWORK PROBLEM
10)THREE DIM SOLID ELEMENTS

Lab Sessions
Doing example problems

(Guided by the instructor)
Individual task (5) : 5%
Project / Group task (1): 10%
Project Report
Project Presentation

INTRODUCTION

What is Finite Element Method
The finite element method is a numerical analysis technique.

technique
The basic principle in FEM is the object of interest (to analysed) is

divided into certain number of regions.
Each region is referred to as ELEMENT and the process of subdividing

a domain into a finite number of elements is referred to as
DISCRETISATION.
DISCRETISATION
Elements are connected at specific points, called NODES,

NODES and the
assembly process requires that the solution be continuous along
common boundaries of adjacent elements.

Background History
of Discretization and Convergence
Calculating area under the curve
f x dx
a

External approach Internal approach
Exact solution
Number of elements
Example of Calculation
Number of lines Result Result

From Inside From Outside

Discretization
Object/domain/model
Element
Node
SMALLER ELEMENT
MORE ACCURATE

Element and Node
Element is used to represent the geometry of the object
Node represents the motion flexibility of the point in the object, which is
called the DEGREE OF FREEDOM
Ty
Ry
y
Rx Maximum DOF: 6 per node
x Tx
3 translations: Tx, Ty, Tz
z 3 rotations: Rx, Ry, Rz
Rz
Tz

Response / Output
follows the defined DOF
Node of element has

only axial translation
FEM model
Responded with
deformation

Response / Output
follows the defined DOF
Node of element has

only axial translation
FEM model
No response showed

Line Elements
Axial element Torsional element
Truss 2D Element
Truss 3D Element

Line Elements
Beam Element
Space Frame Element

Surface Elements
Plate Triangular Element
Plate Quadrilateral

Surface Elements
Plate Bending Quadrilateral Element

Surface Elements
Plate Membrane Quadrilateral Element

Surface Elements
Shell Quadrilateral Element

Solid Elements
Solid Tetrahedral 4 and 10 nodes Element

Solid Elements
Solid Hexahedral 8 and 20 nodes Element

Axisymmetric Elements
Axisymmetric tapered annulus 2 nodes
Axysymmetric Shell 2 Nodes

Axisymmetric Elements
Axysymmetric Shell 3 Nodes

General FEM Procedures
1. Discretize and Select the element types

2. Select displacement function
3. Define strain/displacement and stress/strain relationships
4. Derive the element stiffness matrix and equation
5. Assemble the element equations to obtain equations and
to introduce boundary conditions
6. Solve for unknown degrees of freedom
7. Solve for element strains and stresses
8. Interpret the results

(known elemental stiffness matrix)
1. Discretize and Select the element types

2. (was 2, 3, 4) Calculate each elemental stiffness matrix
3. Assemble the element equations to obtain equations and
to introduce boundary conditions
4. Solve for unknown degrees of freedom
5. Solve for element strains and stresses
6. Interpret the results

(FEM application software)
1. Meshing of the geometrical (CAD) data

2. Define material properties and assign to respective regions
3. Define load, boundary condition and assign to respective
nodes, elements or regions.
4. Define intended outputs
5. Run Finite Element Method Solver
6. Calling the outputs and interpret the results.

(Stage Activity of FEM application software)
1.Pre-processing
by using Pre-Processor
2.Solving
by employing Solver
3.Post-processing
by using Post-Processor


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FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Lecture Module 1: Introduction

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

The aim of the subject is to introduce basic finite

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 2

At the end of the course students

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 4

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 5

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 7

* Attendance must not less than 80%

Ass-1 Issued Ass-1 Due

Ass-2 Issued Ass-2 Due Pres-Project

Project Start Test-2 F. EXAM

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 9

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 10

6)ONE DIM HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEM

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 11

Doing example problems

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 12

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 13

The finite element method is a numerical analysis technique.

The basic principle in FEM is the object of interest (to analysed) is

Each region is referred to as ELEMENT and the process of subdividing

Elements are connected at specific points, called NODES,

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 14

Calculating area under the curve

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 15

Number of lines Result Result

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 17

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 18

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 19

Node of element has

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 20

Node of element has

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 21

Axial element Torsional element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 22

Space Frame Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 23

Plate Triangular Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 24

Plate Bending Quadrilateral Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 25

Plate Membrane Quadrilateral Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 26

Shell Quadrilateral Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 27

Solid Tetrahedral 4 and 10 nodes Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 28

Solid Hexahedral 8 and 20 nodes Element

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 29

Axisymmetric tapered annulus 2 nodes

Axysymmetric Shell 2 Nodes

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 30

Axysymmetric Shell 3 Nodes

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 31

1. Discretize and Select the element types

BDA 4033 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 32