1915 Santos Nunes
1915 Santos Nunes
1915 Santos Nunes
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ORIGINAL METHOD and ---
SELF-INSTRUCTOR =
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ON THE --
UKULELE_..., I -=-
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BY ---
A A SANTOS and ANGELINE F. NUNES
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Published by --
SANTOS-NUNES STUDIOS
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1187 Garden Lane. Honolulu. Hawaii
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Copyright 1915
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I
SANTOS TRIO
THE UKULELE
HE UKULELE was introduced into the Hawaiian Islands by Mr. M.
Nunes in 1879 A. D. This little instrument made Mr. M. Nunes a favor-
ite with His Majesty King Kalakaua, who encouraged him in the manu-
facture of these instruments .
.... r..J;he Hawaiians immediately lost interest ip their primitive instruments
(which'consisted of the "Hano" or nose flute, and the "Uke-ke," which is
siniply a Jew's harp in the rough), and adopted this little instrument, which
on account of its size and the careless way in which the natives ran their
fingers rapidly back and forth, was given the name "Ukulele," the literal
meaning of which is "bouncing flea."
Mr. Nunes experimented with various woods here in Hawaii before he dis-
covered that Koa and Kou were the only woods which possessed resonance
adapted to the Ukulele. They are now made of Koa entirely, as Kou has
become extinct.
This instrument has become so popular that there is a recognized demand
for a Standard Method.
There are several methods in circulation which are adapted to the taro
patch instead of the Ukulele. In fact, it is the taro patch method which has
been applied to the Ukulele.
We herewith present to the public the true and original method on the
Ukulele, a method which will be appreciated by anyone who wants to learn to
play the Ukulele beyond just the mere strumming.
Anyone who can sing will be satisfied with the strumming, but those, who
cannot sing and who do not intend playing in an orchestra, will want to take
advantage of this method and before they realize it will be able to play any-
thing from simple, but beautiful, ''Aloha Oe'' to the difficult and fhmous
"Stars and Stripes Forever" (march) .
3
TUNING
The original way of tuning the Ukulele has not been put into print, conse-
quently it is unknown to most people. Since it enables one to play, not only
the chords (strumming Hawaiian fashion), bnt melodies with full harmony, it
should be r ecognized as a Standard Method .
......
FRET TUNING
Tune 1st string to D (above high C). .
Press 3rd fret of the 2nd or B string .and you get unison with the 1st string.
Press the 4th fret of the 3rd or G string and you get unison with tlw open
) d f, t.ring.
.:..I! .
Pt>ess the 5th fret of the 4th string and y ou get unison with the open 3rd
string.
F1or those who are familiar with the Tonic Sol-F1a system, the tuning will
seem very simple.
Call the 1st sol (and gef pitch to suit the range of your voice).
The 2nd string is mi; the 3rd, doh, and the 4th, low sol. (Beginning at
the top-S MD S 1 or beginning at the bottom, S 1D M S.)
,. . .
J
A. A. SANTOS
(ILLUSTRATING THE UP STROKE)
6
MANNER OF HOLDING THE
INSTRUMENT
Left Hand.
Let the neck of the Ukulele rest btween the thumb and first joint of the
forefinger, but do not rest the neck of the Ukulele in the palm of your hand
as it will interfere with the fingering of the different chords.
When pressing on the strings bend the knuckles and use the tips of the
fingers. Do not press the strings too heavily, as this tends to stiffen the mus-
cles in the hand and arm, and lessens the activeness of the fingers in changing
.chords.! Press down just hard enough to produce perfect tones.
STROKES
The Common Stroke.
Since this is the simplest of all the strokes it is advisable for beginners to
acquire it before attempting the more difficult strokes.
This stroke is used a great deal in solo work where, as the melody descends,
the last string sometimes is not used, coming up. The effect is beautiful, espe-
cially in ''Aloha Oe. '' (See song arrangement.-)
7
These two are very simple to execute and the only difference being in the
time-the number of strokes to a beat.
8
6. The Rag Stroke.
The secret of the rag stroke lies in the proper accenting of the stroke. If
the music is written with a sixteenth followed by an eighth note, then ac-
cent the eighth note, or the accent comes on the second stroke. The rules for
syncopation apply here as in other music.
...... EXERCISES .
Refer to diagrams. Start with Key of C and practise changing fro111 one
chord to the other.
There are three principal chords in harmony. These are the rronic (or
first ), Dominant (or second), and the Sub-Dominant( or third) . rrhese chords
have their relative minors as will be found in the diagrams.
The Tonic (or first), and Dominant (or second) are used mostly, with an
occasional Sub-Dominant. Then there is the introduction of an occasional
minor chord.
Practise the 3 major chords until ycu can change rapidly, using only th~
common and waltz strokes at first. Then familiarize yourself with the relative
minor chords.
This work consists of the strumming-native fashion-and is used for
accompaniment work only.
To train your ear so you can change front one chord to another, lnun or
whistle some familiar strain and listen to see if you chau ge corr ectly. Your
ear will detect false changes.
Refer to " Aloha Oe " and go through it, first, playing only the accompani-
ment as indicated. When y ou are able to get the accompaniment correctly y ou
will find th at by holding down the chords as indicated y ou will be able to pick
the notes of the melody in those same chords, bringing out full h armony.
Be careful and nse strict time from the beginning and you will have no
difficulty with it later. Count as y ou play and see that you do not lose time
when changing from one chord to another. This will seem difficult at first, but
practice will bring it about.
When you know " Aloha Oe" quite t horoughly, try " One Two, Three,
Four,'' which is also written and arranged ]n the K ey of C.
Follow the same directions in your &tudy of the other two songs.
You may find it necessary to master th e sc::tles in order to play solos. The
following diagram gives you th e scale of C as a pattern. For the othe1s you
may refer to the finger-board at beginning of book.
9
G A 6 C.
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EXPLANATION OF DIAGRAMS.
In each diagram the four vertical lines represent the strings, the first
string being on the right, and the horizontal lines represent the frets.
The dot denotes the string and fret to be pressed.
The number above the dot denotes the finger to be used (the fore or index
finger is the first and the litle finger is the fourth) .
The letters below the dot denote the notes forming the chord and corre-
spond with the notes in the clef above.
'
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arch is to be held across the fret, holding down as many strings
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~ as are indicated within the arch. This is known as barring,
and is used a great deal in solo work where the melody and
accompaniment are played at the same time.
10
KEY OF C MAJOK KEY OF A MINOR
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.... .
ANGELINE F. NUNES
(THE COMMON STROKE)
15
SONGS.
Th e following songs h~v e been so hITanged that a.11yone can p lay eith er
t.J1e accompaniment or solo, or both combined, according as efficie11cy is a~
quired.
CHORD ABBREVIATIONS.
T. stands for Tonic .
. D. stands for Dominant.
S. D . stands for Sub-Dominant.
T. of Em stands for Tonic of E Minor.
D. of Em stands for Dominant of E Minor.
S. D. of Em stands for Sub-Dominant of E .MiHor.
Proficiency in accompaniment work is very essential before the melody
may be attempted. Whenever you hear musie listen to see if you can tell
when the different chords are used. Thir.. is excell ent practice. Try to accom-
pany as many songs as you can and gradually y ou will prepare yonrself for
solo work.
NOTE.
'rhe Authors are arranging for piano and ukulele famous Hawaiian sougs,
classical and popular music which they intend compiling into an inexpensiv e
book.
Hi
Aloha Oe
s and Music by (Farewell to Thee) Arranged by
ty Qieen Liliuolcalani A ngeline F. N unes
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Ha - a he - o ka u - a i na pa - - rI,. Ke ni - hi a e la ka na
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e - le, E ha ha - i a - na i - ka Ii - ko, Pu - a
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lo - ha oe, E - ke o - na - o - na no ho i - ka Ii . po, A
well "to thee, T hqu charm-i ng o ne who d wells amo ng the
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fo nd c m brace, A ho - I a e, au, Un - a -
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NOTE You change ch ords- very often in this song on account of g<'lting in tht
gai n. ~ I'- )\. I'- I'- melody with full harmony .
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.__ 17
One, Two, Three, Four
S. Kalama (Ukulele Duet) Arranged for two Ukuleles ~
Jack Alau
Angeline F. Nunes
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-el Down by the stream where I first met Re - bee ca,
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by the stream where the sun loves to shine ~I
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Note.-First study 2nd Ukulele part and when very familiar with the
various changes, then play the solo, or 1st Ukulele part. Later you may
combine both parts by picking the melody, and playing the accompan-
iment.
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2. Down by the stream. where I first met my treasure,
One eve I asked her ~o love 'me alone;
Her dark eyes made answer in sparkles of pleasure,
And prouder was I than a king on his throne.
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Like no Like
H. Berger
"Constancy "
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a - 1, Ku'u I~ - i hi ki a hi
ev er, It thrills with love for thee !'- a.
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ho - I;:. o ke a .lf moe.
O NoTE---By pressing down the .chords'
as indicated you will be able to play
ev.,- !'- er true to thee mv the melody as written, with fu ll har
_.I".- _.f'- ~ ~ I'- Iii.. " mony.
I
English.
2. Maa nei mai ka ua, ~. Where the moonlight sheds its splend<l
H e w elina paa ika piko, And the perfum 'd zephyrs blow,
A nan no wau e imi mai, '!'here we'll roam in raptnre t enclrr.
A loaa ike aheahe a kamakani. In the evening's mellow, gold e11 glo~
20
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21
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English Translation.
Chorus.
........