ISSN: 2320 - 4230

Journal of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics 1 (7) 2013, 80-83

REVIEW ARTICLE

REVIEW ON VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES: A MEDICINAL HERB.

*Satya Prakash Singh, Satish Kumar Sharma, Tanuja Singh, Lalit Singh
Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, UP, India

Received 28 June 2013; Revised 07 July 2013; Accepted 10 July 2013

ABSTRACT
About 80% of the worlds population uses folk medicine in traditional medicine states World Health Organisation.
India is one of the richest countries in the world with regard to diversity of medicinal plants.
Herbal medicines are very cheap in comparison with the conventional form of medication. They can be found very
easily from a local drug store. One of the greatest benefit associated with herbal medicine is the non existence of
side effects. the plants are commercial medications used for the treatment of heart disease, high blood pressure,
pain, asthma, and other problems. Vetiveria zizanioides widely used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and
antipyretics and other problem. There are many activity have been done in this plant such as antioxidant,
antimicrobial. Antibacterial, anthalminitic, Antifungal.and more activity of this plant are unknown.such activity is
analgesic and anti inflammatory. The present review article provides an overview on potent pharmacological
properties exhibited by this plant.
KEYWORDS: Herbal, vetiveria zizanioides, Khas khas, essential oil, potent pharmacological properties.

INTRODUCTION: the plains and lower hills of India, particularly on the

Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash, a riverbanks and in rich marshy soil.
member of the family Poaceae commonly known as the
Khas-Khas, Khas or Khus grass in India, its synonymously CULTIVATION:
known as Chrysopogon zizanioides it is a perennial grass Khas grass grows wild in many states, namely
with thick fibrous adventitious roots which are aromatic Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa
and highly valued. This tufted grass grows throughout the and Madhya Pradesh and throughout South India. It is
plains of India ascending up to an elevation of 1 200 m. systematically cultivated in the North Indian states of
Having wide ecological amplitude, this grass grows in a Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab and in the South
wide variety of ecological habitats covering all bio- Indian states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra
geographic provinces of India. No wonder that this is one Pradesh. The yield from the cultivated crops, however,
grass which has been extensively used by almost all the meets only a very small percentage of the requirements of
tribes. Vetiveria zizanioides is a densely tufted grass with the country. The bulk of the roots used for cooling
the culms arising from an aromatic rhizome up to 2m tall; purposes and for the extraction of the oil are obtained
the roots are stout, dense and aromatic; leaves are narrow, from the wild.
erect, keeled with scabrid margins; it is found throughout
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Figure 1: vetiveria zizanioides

*
Corresponding author: Satya Prakash Singh | Email: [email protected]
 Satya Prakash Singh et al. / Journal of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics 1 (7) 2013, 80-83

Dialect/language Vernacular name

Hindi, Bengali Khas, Khas-Khas, Khus-Khus, Khus
English name vetiver
Gujarati Valo
Marathi Vala
Telugu Kuruveeru, Vettiveellu, Vettiveerum
Tamil Vattiver
Kannad Vattiveeru, Laamancha, Kaddu,
Karidappasajje Hullu
Malyalam Ramaccham, Vettiveru
Ayurvedic Ushira

Table 1: Some vernacular names for Khas grass in India:

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: Apart from the medicinal uses, the culms along with the
The chemical constituents present in the plant are panicles form a good broom for sweeping. The culms and
Vetiverol, Vetivone, Khusimone, Khusimol, Vetivene, leaves are also extensively used by the tribes and villagers
Khositone, Terpenes, Benzoic acid,Tripene-4-ol, - for thatching their huts, mud walls, etc. Some tribes (in
Humulene, Epizizianal, vetivenyl vetivenate, iso khusimol , Kerala) use the mats of the roots and leaves as bed for a
-vetivone, vetivazulene. In the roots, the main component cooling effect.
was valencene (30.36%), while in the shoots and leaves,
they were 9-octadecenamide (33.50%), 2,6,10,15,19,23- MULTIPLE USES OF KHAS GRASS IN INDIA:
hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene (27.46%), Traditional medicine
and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester(18.29%). Roots as water flavouring agent
The results showed that there were many terpenoids in the Root mats for door, window screens during summer for
volatils. In shoot volatiles, there existed 3 monoterpenes, 2cooling effect
sequiterpenes and 1 triterpene. Most of the volatiles in For desert coolers in summer in North India
roots were sesquiterpenes.(Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao As eco-friendly soil binders
2004 Jan ;15(1) :170 -2.) Roots for preparing Sharbat (sherbet) or soft drink during
summer, especially in North India
MEDICINAL USE OF VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES: Socio-economic life of the rural population in India
Various tribes use the different parts of the grass Dried roots for scenting clothes
for many of their ailments such as mouth ulcer, fever, boil, Dried culms as brooms and for thatching
epilepsy, burn, snakebite, scorpion sting, rheumatism, Pulp of the plant for paper and straw board.
fever, headache, etc.

Plant part Tribe Ailment

Root decoction Santhals As cooling in high fever, inflammation, sexual diseases, etc
Root paste Lodhas Headache, fever, Ayurvedic preparation Brihat Kasturi,
Bhairava Rasa for fever, diarrhoea, chronic dysentery
Root ash Oraons Acidity
Root juice Tribe of M.P. Anthelmintic
Root vapour Tribe of varanasi Malarial fever
Leaf paste South Indian tribes Rheumatism and sprain
Vetiver oil Most tribe Stimulant, diaphoretic and refrigerant
Root and stem juice South Indian tribes Boil, burn, epilepsy, scorpion sting, snakebite, and
mouth ulcer
Table 2: Some traditional uses of Vetiveria zizanioides-(14)
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PHARMACOLOGICAL USE OF VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES: expectorant, diuretic(Chen F et al Dec 2005) ,stimulant,

The roots are aromatic, antifungal action(Dixit A et hysteria ,insomnia, skin diseases,(Thakur R.S. et al
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al 1984) cooling, antiemetic, diaphoretic, haemostatic, 1989)asthma, amentia, amenorrhoea, antispasmodic(aon

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1976) ,kidney problems(Chen F et alDec 2005), gall stones, The test organisms used were Escherichia coli
mosquito repellant (Nuchuchua et al )tonic and NCIM 2118; Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2063, P. aeurogenosa
antioxidant.(V S Ubhradevi et al April 2010),(Luqman S NCIM 2036 and Staphylococcus aureus NCIM 2079.
kumar et al Feb 2009). Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) against Staphylococcus
aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and
TAXONOMICAL POSITION OF VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDE: Corynebacterium ovis were evaluated. Against S.
aureus, vetiver oil was superior to the other two oils in the
Botanical Name(s): Vetiveria Zizanoides pure state and diluted with dimethyl sulphoxide 1:10,
Family Name: Poaceae 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10000; inhibition by the pure oil was
Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) 60-70% that by penicillin or streptomycin.
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (Vascular Plants)
Superdivision: Spermatophyta Seed plants 3. ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY:
Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) The test organisms used were Asperigulls nigar,
Class: Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) Asperigulls clavatus and Candida albicanus. All the stock
Subclass: Commelinidae cultures were obtained from Microbiology department
Order: Cyperales Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India.
Family: Poaceae (Grass family)
Genus: Vetiveria Bory (vetivergrass) 4. ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITY:
Species: Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Extracts and fractions were evaluated for
(vetivergrass) antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium
Popular Name(s): Khas Khas, Cuscus and Vetiver tuberculosis H(37)Rv and H(37)Ra strains using radiometric
Parts Used: Roots and Essential oil BACTEC 460 TB system. The ethanolic extract of intact as
Habitat: Cultivated in plains and low hills of well as spent root were showed potent antituberculosis
India. activity at a minimum concentration of 500g/mL

KNOWN PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES: CONCLUSION:

This study is undertaken medicinal plants (vetiveria
1. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY: zizanioides) used in the treatment of analgesic and anti-
The essential oil of vetiver root has been shown to inflammatory activity in different parts of the world. The
posses antioxident activity. Recently antioxidant activity of present study revealed anti-inflammatory and analgesic
vetiver oil has been attribute to -vetinine, -vetinone and activity of some medicinal plants.
-vetinone7. In conclusion, the medicinally important plant
Vetiveria zizanioides useful in the rehabilitation of species, listed in the present paper appear to be
metalliferous mine wastelands. As the presence of pb and promissory sources of anti-inflammatory and analgesic
zn greatly enhanced the activity of superoxidase dismutase agents. The future outlook for the development of new
(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)4 implying different antiinflammatory drugs derived from these medicinal
mechanism to detoxify active oxygen species exist in plants is therefore positive and this review can help others
different part of the plant(10). These result shows that to explore herbs to further extent and its use in various
vetiver oil and some of its component can be potential other disease and toxicity studies along with clinical trials.
alternative natural antioxidants
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
2. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY: I extend my sincere thanks to libraries, NISCARE,
Micro organisms are heterogeneous group of NML and BHU in collecting the data and I am thankful to
several distinct classes of living beings. Bacteria are my teachers for my guidance.
prokaryotic microorganisms, which do not contain
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