Constructive /Destructive Forces

Sponge 1. Day 2 Student name___________________

Inner Structure of the Earth Teacher _______________________

Fill in the blank lines with the layers of the Earth

CRUST

MANTEL

OUTER CORE

INNER CORE

1. What is true about the earths crust? 2. What is true about the mantle of the earth?

T or F The Earths crust is made of T or F The mantle is a solid piece of

rock. rock.

T or F The Earths crust is thick melted rock. T or F The mantle is thick liquid rock.

T or F The Earths crust is thicker than the T or F The mantle is the outside layer of
inner layers. the earth.

T or F The Earths land forms are found on T or F The mantle is hotter than the crust.
Earths crust.

Sponge 2. Day 3
Landforms
Fill in the blank lines with T (true) or F (false)
T 1. Mountains can be found on the ocean floor, deep under the sea.
F
2. The outer layer of the earth is called the core.
T
3. The outer layer of the earth floats on the mantle.
T
4. The continental crust is thicker but of lighter rock than the oceanic crust.
5. Draw lines connecting the picture with the correct definition and then to the name.
Use the mountain range as an example of how to do the rest.

A large stream of water usually A river

emptying into a lake or the ocean.

A flat area of rock with steep sides A cave

smaller than a plateau.

A long narrow valley with steep A valley

sides.

A large mass of ice that flows over A volcano

land.

A very large hole or open space A glacier

underground or in the side of a cliff

An opening in the Earths surface

through which melted rock, ash and
gases can flow out of the inside of A Canyon
the Earth.

A group of mountains close to one A mountain range

another.
ICE

A long lowland between mountains A mesa

or hills.
Sponge 3. Day 4
More Landforms

1. As in your sand box landscape, this drawing shows many of the landforms we are
learning about. From the word bank, write the name of each landform by the arrow that
points to it.
MOUNTAINS GLACIER HILLS

VALLEY CANYON

RIVER

WORD BANK

DELTA Hills
Mountains Valley
Delta OCEAN
Glacier
Canyon Island
ISLAND River
Ocean
 Sponge 4. Day 5
Earths crust

1. What does this map show about the Earths crust?

a. that the Earth s surface is flat c. that the Earths crust is made up of big pieces of rock called plates
b. that the Earths crust is a solid d. how the ocean currents move

2. The arrows show

a. the direction the plates move c. the direction the ocean currents move
b. the direction the winds blow d. lines of longitude on a map of the Earth
3. Which of these drawings of plates shows them pushing into each other? (circle the correct choice)

a.
b. c.
 Sponge 5. Day 6
More Earths crust

1. Mark true or false

T or F The Earths crust is made up of huge solid rock pieces called plates.
T or F The Earths crust is made of molten (melted ) rock called magma.
T or F The plates of the Earths crust float on molten (melted) rock called magma.
T or F The plates of the Earths crust move around slowly.
T or F The plates of the Earths crust never move.
T or F The plates of the Earths crust sometimes very slowly push together.
T or F The plates of the Earths crust sometimes move away from one another.
T or F The molten rock in the mantle can never break though the crust.
T or F When there is a hole or crack in the crust of the Earth the molten rock in the mantle
comes to the surface and hardens into solid rock.
T or F When magma flows onto the surface of the Earth, it is called lava.

2. The plates of the Earths crust move in three ways. Label the diagrams below that show the
ways that places can move.
.

Two plates can Two plates can Two plates can

SLIDE PAST EACH
MOVE APART OTHER PUSH TOGETHER

3.. Plate movement can cause

a. volcanos, mountains and earthquakes c. deltas and glaciers

b. floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes d. mesas, canyons, and plains
 Sponge 6. Day 7
Earths Plates

1.. The red hot, thick oozy material that lies just under the Earths crust is called:

a. liquid iron c. magma

b. batter d. mantle

n 2. When two oceanic plates pull apart as shown in the diagram, what would you expect to
happen?

a. The ocean water would get cooler c. a deep trench would form between the two plates
b. magma would ooze out d. nothing, the plates are too big to pull apart

3. What would be the result of oceanic plates pulling apart?

a. The escaping magma would pile up c. Over a very long time mountains will build up
b. The magma would cool and turn into rock d. all of the above are correct

Sponge 7. Day 8
Earths Plates

1. What is happening in this diagram?

a. Two continental plates are colliding.

b. The plate with lighter crust is being
forced down.
c. An oceanic plate is being forced under
a continental plate
d. Two oceanic plates are moving apart.

2. This ia a diagram showing two continental plates

pushing together. Which of the following would not
occur as a result.

a. A chain of mountains will form

b. A deep trench will form
c. Earthquakes will occur
d. The land on both plates+ is lifted.
Sponge 8. Day 9
Review
Yesterday we learned that the hands could bu used
to represent the plates of the earths surface. A.

1. Drawing A on the right is how we represented:

a. Oceanic plates pulling apart.

b. Two plates sliding past one another.
c. A continental plate going under an oceanic plate.
d. Mountains being formed as plates push together.

2. Drawing B on the right is how we represented:

a. Oceanic plates pulling apart.

b. Two plates sliding past one another.
c. A continental plate going under an oceanic plate. B.
d. Mountains being formed as plates push together.

3.. What do the raised thumbs in drawing B represent?

a. Magma pushing up between the plates.

b. Nothing, they are just part of the hands.
c. They show the force that is separating the plates.
d. Large rocks that are keeping the plates apart.

4... In drawing C we represent two plates sliding past one

another that get hung up on something that does not let them
move (our thumbs).. By continuing to push harder, we can cause C.
the thumbs to break free. If this happened between two of
Earths plates, what would likely happen?

a. Volcanos.
b. Tornados.
c. Hurricanes.
d. Earthquakes.
5. Drawing D on the right represents:

a. A continental plate sliding under an oceanic plate.

b. Two continental plates pushing together making mountains.
c. Two oceanic plates separating causing Earthquakes.
d. An oceanic plate sliding under a continental plate. D.

6. In drawing D, the finger sticking out from the left hand represents:

a. Volcanos
b. Earthquakes.
c. High plateaus.
d. Deep canyons.
.
 Sponge 9. Day 10
More review

1. What is created when magma pushes through the crust and lava
flows onto the land?

a. a glacier is formed
b. a trench is formed
c. a continental plate is formed
d. new land is formed.
2.. New mountains can be created when:

a. When a volcano erupts at a hot spot.

b. When two continents collide
c. When two oceanic plates move apart and the magma oozes out or erupts
from a volcano.
d. All of the above.

Sponge 10. Day 11

Weathering and Erosion

1 Over time, millions or even thousands, of years, the earths surface is constantly changing.

(True) (False)

2 New land can be created by lava flowing onto the land. Likewise, landforms can be
broken down by the process of:

a. Deposition
b. Volcano eruptions
c. Landform uplifting
d. Weathering:

3. Newly formed mountains generally have sharp pointed peaks like the one shown in diagram A.
After millions of years, these sharp peaked mountain become rounded and look more like the
mountains in diagram B. What causes mountains as they age to become smaller and more rounded?

a. earthquakes and volcanos c. magma cooling on the earth surface.

b. weathering and erosion d. ultraviolet rays from the Sun and Moon

A. B.

4. The breaking of rocks into smaller and smaller pieces, is the definition of:

a. Deposition
b. Volcano eruptions
c. Landform uplifting
d. Weathering:
Sponge 11. Day 12
Weathering and Erosion

1. Water trapped inside cracks in rocks may freeze. Frozen water expands and can cause:

a. the rocks to become harder c. earthquakes to occur

b. the pressure of the magma under the crust to increase. d. rocks to break apart

2. Plants are growing in this rock. When

plants, particularly trees, grow in rocks
their roots cause

a. the rock to break into smaller pieces

b. the rocks to expand and grow bigger
c. the rock to become smoother
d. the rock to explode

3. At one time the land shown in the diagram was flat as in diagram A.. What has
caused the change shown in diagram B?

a. earthquakes occurring c. a river flowing over the rock

b. volcanos erupting d. glaciers moving over the rock

Diagram A Diagram B

4. What landform results in diagram B?

a. Desert c. Mountain
b. Delta d. Canyon
Sponge 12. Day 13
Erosion

1. This diagram shows a deep canyon like the

Grand Canyon. What caused the Grand
Canyon to form?

a. weathering and erosion by water and

wind
b. earthquakes
c. two of Earths plates separating
d. deposition

2 How long did it take take for the Grand

Canyon to form?

a less than 100 years

b. hundreds of years
c. thousands of years
d. millions of years

Sponge 13. Day 14

To weathering and erosion,
add deposition

1. Match the word with its definition:

c
______ 1. weathering a. rock, soil or shell pieces carried by wind, water or ice and later deposited.
b
______ 2. eroding b. moving rock pieces or soil by water, wind or ice
d
______ 3. deposition c. the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by wind, water or ice.
a
______ 4. sediment d. when broken up rock or soil is dropped in a new place

2 The mouth of the Mississippi River looks something like this. Sand and soil
from up stream is carried in the fast moving water, but when the water slows
down, these sediments are dropped out causing a delta to form What is THE
the name given to this process?

a Deposition
b. Weathering
c. Erosion
d. Watering

Sea
Sponge 14. Day 15
soil

1 Soil is made up of::

a. Weathered rock
b. Humus (remains of dead plants and animals)
c. Water and air
d. All of the above.

2. What are the four main types of soil?

a. sand, silt, clay & humus c. pebbles, gravel, sand, clay
b. topsoil, subsoil, weathered rock, bedrock d. weathered rocks, mineral, water , air

3 On the line, arrange these 5 kinds of weathered rock from the biggest to smallest
particles: clay, gravel, sand, boulders, silt

1. BOLDER
*
2. GRAVEL
Then circle the pieces of weathered rock that are types of soil.

3. SAND 4. SILT 5. CLAY

LARGEST smallest
SIZED sized
PARTICLES particles

Sponge 15. Day 16

observe sand, dry clay, wet clay and humus.

clay humus

40 mL of water
15 mL of water

50 mL of water was added to each funnel

1. . The results of the experiment above comparing clay and sand show that :

a. humus retained more water than clay c. clay retained more water than humus
b. sand dissolved in water d. clay dissolved in water

2. Which soil would be best for growing plants?

a. Sand
b. Humus
c. Clay
d. A mixture of sand, clay and humus