Experimental Analysis of Earthquake Shake Table

American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)
2017
e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936
Volume-6, Issue-1, pp-148-151
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Research Paper
Open Access
Experimental Analysis of Earthquake Shake Table

A.N Swaminathen1, P.Sankari2
1
(Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering, Sree Sakthi Engineering College,AnnaUniversity, India)

2
(UG Student of Civil Engineering, Sree Sakthi Engineering College, AnnaUniversity, India)
ABSTRACT: Seismic activity being major consideration in the design of a structure is to be analyzed and this
paper reveals the analysis of seismic activities which is reduced in size for experimental value. The table made
of wooden material is being used for seismic analysis. The observations are contained as resulted. The concept
of shake table provides the stability on application of it in structure against earthy movements. This table is a
tool in Architect which monitors the motion of the earth and its effect. This paper opens up the need of
consideration of seismic activities and its solution to its best.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Teaching tool, Seismic Modeling.
I.
INTRODUCTION
In major part of structures, the table gains its own position in resolving seismic activities. The major
part of this paper rules about the current experience showing several test about the different type of structures
which can be succeeded by simulator called LNEC 3 D (type of earthquake simulator) (Sanghvi et al., 2012)
states the data sampling rate of accelerometer is 640 samples per second and the sampling rate of LVDT is
fifteen samples per second, with this sampling rate we are able to achieve acceptable results with maximum
variation of 9.57%, (Rogerio Bairrao et al.,2000) in theirs experiment they gained some experience with the
operation of the LNEC 3 D earthquake simulator-such as test setup, signal acquisition and processing; the
advantage of having the mass associated to that inertia forces located out of the simulator seems to be
unquestionable from several points of view. To resolve the impact of it on structures the cause limit has been
studied. Pre built model is used to test its natural occurrence and behavior. The observations are noted. The
behavior of civil engineering structures is assessed using shake table since sixties. The use of seismic table
should be increased in todays life. The research is mainly based on steel characteristics, structures like RC
buildings, and also its elements. (Sandra Brown 2007) proved the following in the research work; when running
a sine wave 1HZ the accelerometer on the shake table sends a 1HZ wave form back into the computer and also it
is more evident in data files taken from the lower second and third floors where there is less variation in the
wave forms.
II.
DEMAND OF SHAKE TABLE
Health care facilities may undergo severe and wide spread damage that impairs functionality of the
system when it is stricken by an earthquake. Such a detrimental response is emphasized either for the
residential buildings or for industrial buildings. Moreover these buildings need to warrant operability. A limited
number of experimental tests have been carried out so far on building components. The impact of earthquake
threats the biodiversity, altering the present circumstance. In such a case the residential buildings must be
analyzed for earthquake response. The limited number of experimental test carried out on buildings necessitates
the demand of shake table. The experimental test is carried out considering the future which we thrust by this
paper. In our creative point, the shake table must be provided at the center and corner of the building to
safeguard the structure from earthquake. Shake table lists among the valuable tool at present.
III. METHODOLOGY
Our Methodology is based on vibration effects, to obtain test on shake table. The test shows the seismic
responses over the rough surface and also provides the data about how the earthquake can occur.
IV. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

In the year of 1995, the study shows the failure in the RC columns and it is named as kobe earthquake
(Pierre Quennevilie et al.). Clarify the effectiveness of seismic retrofit which standardized the measures for
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Page 148
2017
existing RC columns. Those columns can be designed with the current design and also current requirements and
all comes under motion design. The requirements of this design must be stronger when compared to todays
design of motion. The new technology of damper and its causes is clarified.
V.
GG SCHIERLE SHAKE TABLE
The Schierle Shake Table is a motion of shake table, which shows one degree. The shake table includes:
Steel frame
Computer
Suspended aluminum shaker platform
APS systems Electro- semis 113 shaker component
Digital/analog converter
Amplifier component is Model 114
The Schierle Shake Table accepts the input in the form of electronic basis by a system called digital
analog converter, in the controlling computer, having some components. It allows +/- 2 volts from a DAC and
provides the voltage up to 280 volts, maximum, and 5 amperes are amplified to 7amperes. This table provides
the limit state for rooms, like safety and also for certain curves by the way of certain approach.
VI. PROCEDURE FOR FIXING THE SHAKE TABLE

The size 2 ft x 2 ft plywood table is fixed at the bottom. By means of using heavy weighted iron
springs. The shake table dimension is of 1 ft x 1 ft. This shake table is connected with volcano meter where
the drilling machine is inserted into the meter which produces the vibrations. Then the sensor is fixed for the
analyzing the vibrations, after contacting the manufacturer of the shake table and amplifier. The manually done
shake table gives some helpful guidelines, such as the amplifier would only accept a +/- 2 volt input. And the
frequency meter is also fixed along with the table to identify the frequency and also the sine waves can be
analyzed using the CRO meter. By this shake table experiment we can identify the number of vibrations,
number of acceleration and frequency for the small scale building.
VII. DESIGN FOR SHAKE TABLE

Table 1 Natural frequency calculation for the build model
S.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
DESCRIPTION
Vertical rods
a)width(x)
b)depth(z)
c) Ixx
d)Izz
Top plate thickness
Density of steel A304
Elasticity
Height of the structure
Lateral stiffness
(3EI/L) N/m
Dimensions in x direction
Dimensions in z direction
No. of columns
Mass of structure
Top plate
Vertical rods
Extra for nuts /bolds
Total lumped mass m
Omega
= (k/m)0.5
Frequency f
f = /2
Natural period (T)
DIMENSION
UNITS
3
3
80
80
2.5
3287.241
11000
270
Mm
Mm
mm4
mm4
Mm
Kg/m
Mpa
Mm
1414.62
224
224
4
N/m
Mm
Mm
Nos
3.15
0.32
0.14
345
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
9.65
Rad/s
2.99
0.114
Hz
Sec
VIII. FUNCTIONING OF THE MODEL:

The USGS is an instrumentation which was built as prototype, which is based on the model. The
seismic activities is to be recorded by the digitizer and the testing was done in our college building for our
study purpose.(Tian Chunyu et al.,2012) demonstrated that, for the scaled model test, reasonable design and fine
construction of test model is very important. Analysis should be carried out during model design to verify that
the test model and prototype structure are in conformity with the similitude theory and the experimental results
on the scaled model can be revealed the seismic performance of prototype structure.
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Page 149
2017
Figure 1 Shake table connected with CRO meter
Figure 2 showing the results in frequency meter
Figure 3 showing results in CRO meter

Table 2 Comparison of parameters of model testing on low frequency shake table
Parameters
Displacement, mm
Natural frequency, Hz
LVDT
10.4
1.45
Acc-2
9.5
2.01
% diff in Acc-2
5.62
3.20
Table 3 Comparison of parameters of model testing on high frequency shake table

Parameters
Displacement, mm
Natural frequency, Hz
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LVDT
11.1
1.74
Acc-2
10.4
2.01
% diff in Acc-2
3.55
2.94
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IX. LABVIEW PROGRAMMING

By the National Instruments a programming language is done by the method of graphical format is a
Lab View. For controlling the instrument setup, it provides the way of graphics and uses C- languages. It uses
the C -programming language in a graphic way to control the instrument setup.
X.
CONCLUSION
The stability of the structure when it is subjected to seismic forces was analyzed with small model shake
table.
The shake table can run both sine waves and also by wave forms. The accelerometer on the shake table
sends a 1 Hz and the sine waves running at 1 Hz again comes back to the original system.
The data obtained provides the running capacity.
In china and in many other countries the buildings are constructed with application of shake table to protect
them from the seismic effects.
Our project forces to implement this type of shake table in our country to protect the structures from seismic
forces.
REFERENCES
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D. Pierre Quenneville, M. Hugh Morris, Senior Lecturer (1987) - Shaking Table Tests of Reinforced Concrete Columns Vol : 4 5,
pp.no - 47
Bairrao, R.; Vaz, C. T.; Kacianauskas, R.; Kliukas, R (1996) - Shaking Table Tests of Reinforced Concrete Columns under
Horizontal and Vertical Loading, Vol -23 , paper H04/3, 1999;
Kitada yoshio, Umeki yoshito, Akashima kenji (1973) - Near-Field Earthquake to be provided by Japan Vol : 3 - 4, pp.no-365
Jobstl, R.A., Moosbrugger, T. Bogensperger, T. and Schickhofer (1962) -A Contribution to the Design and System Effect of Cross
Laminated Timber (CLT) Vol: 2 -5, paper 39-12-4.
Progetto Sofie, (2007) - Schedule of the shake table test, document issued in visitor folder at Miki in Japan Vol: 5 ,pp.no 564- 584
Joseph Beraca (2002) - National Geographic, Anatomy of an Earthquake Vol: 12,pg.no : 1220 - 1232
Bairrao, R.; Vaz, C. T.; Kacianauskas, R.; Kliukas, R (1996) - Shaking Table Tests of Reinforced Concrete Columns under
Horizontal and Vertical Loading, Vol -23 , paper H04/3, 1999;
Carvalho, E. C; Ravara, A; Duarte, R. T (1978) Seismic Studies for the International Guadiana Bridge, Vol 45, pp.no : 405 - 425
Casirati, M.; Franchioni, G; Bousias, S(1981) Seismic Tests on Three Shaking Tables of a 1:8 Irregular Bridge Model in Support
of Design Euro code 8,Vol 60, Paper no. 2047
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American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)