Drawing A Line in The Sand - Homeopathy or Not Homeopathy

1/4/2017
Articlesonhomeopathyfrommasterhomeopathicpractitioners
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DrawingaLineintheSand:HomeopathyorNotHomeopathy?
byDr.AndrSaine,D.C.,N.D.,F.C.A.H.
JournaloftheAmericanInstituteofHomeopathy,June2002
"Whatistobecomeofanart(towhichthechargeofhumanlifehasbeencommitted)iffancyandcapricearetohavetheupperhandinit?"(1)
SamuelHahnemann
"IfourSchoolevergivesupthestrictinductivemethodofHahnemannwearelost,anddeservetobementionedonlyasacaricatureinthehistory
ofmedicine."(2)
ConstantineHering
"We have nothing to do with the man [misrepresenting homeopathy], we have to correct errors taught and disseminated, and we shall expose
theseerrorswhichmustleadourschoolastray,withoutfearorfavor."(3)
AdolphLippe
There is an old saying in medicine, Experimentia ac ratio, meaning that the practice of medicine is sound as long as it is based on pure
observationandcorrectreasoning.Dr.Morrison'sresponse(clickheretoreadtheletter)(4)tomyarticleentitledHomeopathyVersusSpeculative
MedicineACallforAction*(5)challengesthevaluesofpureobservationandcorrectreasoningwhichareattheveryheartofpurehomeopathy
asdevelopedbySamuelHahnemann.
*Thisarticlewasaresponsetoalettersignedbytwentyoneprominentteachersofhomeopathy,whichwaspublishedinHomeopathyToday,May
200121(5):2122.Toreadtheletterofthetwentyonecosigners,clickhere.
To begin with, let's clear up a point of confusion in Dr. Morrison's letter. He starts by rebutting charges supposedly made against him and the
cosigners. In this debate, it must be made clear that what is being questioned is not people, but their teachings and practices. If Dr. Morrison
wouldreadmyarticlecarefully,hewouldfindthatnochargesaremadeagainstthecosignerspersonallybutagainsttheirteachingsandpractices
thatmisrepresenthomeopathy.Hewouldalsofindthattheinitialpointsmadeatthebeginningofthatarticlewereaboutthenumerousnewtrends
inhomeopathyingeneral,andnotspecificallyabouttheteachingsandpracticesdefendedbythetwentyonecosignersintheirlettertotheeditor.
(6)
Ontheotherhand,Dr.Morrisoncategoricallyrejectsdirectcriticismoftheteachingsandpracticesdefendedbythecosigners.Hedenies,"thatwe
arepromotingspeculativetreatmentnotbaseduponobservation.Infactallofthecosignersofthisletterarerigorousinthoughtandpractice.We
havenotpromotedspeculationbuthavesharedobservationsmadeduringourclinicalpracticesofmanyyears."(7)
Dr. Morrison claims rigor in thought and practice. I would invite the reader not to take this for granted, but rather to carefully examine the
evidencepresentedbeforeus.
Thedoctrineofsignatures
Dr. Morrison continues to insist that the use of the doctrine of signatures made by the cosigners and others they support is not contrary to the
practice of homeopathy. First, he repeats that, "At the time of Hahnemann the 'doctrine of signatures' meant simply and only that the shape or
colorofaplantcouldbeusedtodeterminetheorgantheplantwaslikelytohelp."(8)Forasecondtime,Iamsorrytosaythatthisassertionis
absolutelyincorrect.InHahnemann'stime,aswellasfortimeimmemorial,thedoctrineofsignaturesmeantlookingfortherapeuticmeaninginall
"sensibleexternalsigns,"(9)"sensibleproperties,"(10)"externalproperties,"(11)"appreciablebythesenses"(12)orthrough"any characteristic
featureofasubstance."(13)
Hahnemann made his point very clearly regarding the use of any signatures. He said, "With all our senses together, employed with the utmost
care, in the examination of a medicinal substance with regard to its external properties, do not give any, not even the slightest information
respectingthismostimportantofallsecrets,theimmaterialpowerpossessedbynaturalsubstancestoalterhealthofhumanbeings."(14)
Second,Dr.Morrisonsays,"Thisisexactlythepointmadeinourgroupletter.Hahnemannarguedagaitthesuperficialconceptofusingexternal
signs as a basis for prescription. This is specifically not what we propose." (15) I am sorry again to say that this is also absolutely incorrect.
Hahnemann never argued against the value of "the superficial concept of external signs." To the contrary, he emphasized that all that is
perceptiblebyallthesensessimplymeanseverythingthatisperceptible.Hecouldn'thavebeencleareronthispoint.
Hahnemann uses the same expression regarding examination of the patient. In Chronic Diseases, he urges examining the chronic disease
"accordingtoallthesymptomsperceptibletothesenses,"(16)orasheexplainsfurtherintheOrganon,"thephysiciansees,hears,andobserves
with his other senses what is altered and peculiar in the patient, he writes everything down exactly" (17) that can be noticed about the patient,
including"behaviors,"(18)"hisactivities,hiswayoflife,hishabits,"(19)"daytodayactivities,livinghabits,diet,domesticsituation,andsoon."
(20)Heconcludes,"Thetotalityoftheseperceptiblesignsrepresenttheentireextentofthesicknesstogethertheyconstituteitstrueandonly
conceivableform."(21)
Furthermore,Hahnemannneverlimitedhisoppositiononlytothe"superficialconceptofusingexternalsignsasabasisforprescription."Onthe
contrary, he clearly argues against the introduction of any "preconceived notions and desultoryclassifications," (22) "mere conjecture" (23) or
"blindguesswork,preconceivedideas,extraordinarynotionsandpresumptuousfiction."(24)Herequiresthehomeopathtobe"independentofall
speculation," (25) free from prejudice in the development of the materia medica and in the examination of the patient. Instead Hahnemann
arguesthat,
1.Thetruemedicinalandhealingpowercanonlybeobservedwhenitistakeninternally,actsuponthevitalfunctionsoftheorganism!(26)
2.Themanifestationoftheactivespiritofeachindividualremedialagentduringitsmedicinalemploymentonhumanbeingscanaloneinform
thephysicianofthesphereofactionofthemedicine,asregardsitscurativepower.(27)
3.This improved healing art, i.e., the homopathic, draws not its knowledge from those impure sources of the materia medica hitherto in
use,pursuesnotthatantiquated,dreamy,falsepathwehavejustpointedout,butfollowsthewayconsonantwithnature.Itadministersno
medicines to combat the diseases of mankind before testing experimentally their pure effects that is, observing what changes each can
produceinthehealthofahealthymanthisispuremateriamedica.
http://www.homeopathy.ca/articles_det08.shtml
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4.Thusalonecanthepowerofmedicinesonthehumanhealthbeknownthusalonecantheirpureimportance,thepeculiaractionofeach
drug,beexhibitedclearlyandmanifestly,withoutanyfallacy,anydeception,independentofallspeculation.(28)
Third, Dr. Morrison writes, "Thus the multiple pages written by Dr. Saine regarding Hahnemann's views toward the doctrine of signatures do not
apply in the least. We specifically maintained that instead of looking at the external features of a plant or animal remedy, we must look at its
adaptive behaviors and habits if we would connect the remedy source to the symptoms it produces. This concept was never criticized by
Hahnemannbecauseitwasneverproposedinhistime."(29)
ThisrepeatedassertionthatinHahnemann'stimetheadaptivebehaviorsandhabitsofaplantoranimalremedywerenotincludedinthedoctrine
ofsignaturesis,again,absolutelyincorrect.Foranyonefamiliarwiththehistoryofthedoctrineofsignatures,itiswellknownthatpeoplemaking
use of signatures didn't impose limits to signatures such as only to the "shape or color of a plant" (30) instead signatures meant "any
characteristic features." (31) For instance, Paracelsus (14931541) introduced Helleborus niger, also known as Christmas flower, into European
pharmacy. He recommended it to his patients over fifty years of age for its rejuvenating power, revealed by its signature of blossoming in
wintertime.(32)
Signatures,forParacelsus,Culpeper(16161654)andmanyothers,oftenneededelaborateinterpretationunrelatedtophysicalpropertiesbuttied
to other characteristic features such as astrological associations. For instance, because syphilis was a disease acquired from venal girls it was
"signed"byMercury,thegodofthemarket.(33)Asametal'snamealsopointedtothesamegod,thissignaturewastheindicationformercuryas
thecureforsyphilis.Similarly,gold,connectedtothesun,wassignedtobeusedinheartdiseaseasthesunruledtheheartandcirculation.(34)
Further,themainexpoundersofthedoctrineofsignaturesclearlycontradictDr.Morrison'sassertionthatinthetimeofHahnemanntheadaptive
behaviorsandhabitsofaplantoranimalremedyhadnotbeenproposedasbeingpartofthedoctrineofsignatures.
JacobBoehme(15751624),inTheSignatureinAllThings,writes,
1.Thereforethegreatestunderstandingliesinthesignature,whereinmanmaynotonlylearntoknowhimself,butthereinalsohemaylearn
to know the essence of all essences for by the external form of all creatures, by their instigation, inclination, and desire, also by their
sound,voice,andspeechwhichtheyutter,thehiddenspiritisknown.
2.And now observe, as it stands in the power and predominance of the quality, so it is signed and marked externally in its outward form,
signature, or figure man in his speech, will, and behaviour, also with the form of the members which he has, and must use to that
signature,hisinwardformisnotedintheformofhisfaceandthusalsoisabeast,anherb,andthetreeseverythingasitisinwardly,in
itsinnatevirtueandquality,soitisoutwardlysigned.(35)
AndOswaldusCrollius(15601608),inhisTreatiseofSignaturesofInternalThings,writes,
1.The occult properties of plants first, those endowed with life, and second, those destitute of life are indicated by resemblances for all
exhibit to man by their signatures and characteristisms, both their powers by which they can heal and in the diseases in which they are
useful.Notonlybytheirshapes,formandcolours,butalsobytheiractionsandqualities,suchastheirretaining,orsheddingtheirleaves.
Theyindicatewhatkindofservicetheycanrendertoman,andwhataretheparticularmembersofhisbody,towhichtheyarespecially
appropriate.(36)
Therefore, plants exuding gums were considered to be good for the treatment of purulent conditions, and the leaves of the poplar or quaking
aspenwereusedforshakingpalsy.Inshort,thepeculiaritiesnotedintheactionsofplantsweresupposedtogivehintsastotheireffectsonthe
human body. Sterile plants such as fern, lettuce, and willow were believed to lead to sterility, while fecund plants weresaid to promote fertility.
Evergreen trees and plants and those that lived long were supposed to increase bodily vigor and so induce longevity. Heliotrope and marigold
wereprescribedsothatsubjectsmight"learntheirdutytotheirsovereign"KingCharlesmentionsthat"theMarigoldobservestheSunmorethan
mysubjectshavedone."(37)Goats,allegedlyskilledinthechoiceofherbs,weresaidtoneverbeafflictedwithophthalmia,duetotheirpractice
ofbrowsingoncertainplantsthatotheranimalsrefused,andsotheliverandthegallofthegoatwereusedineyetroubles.(38)
Alltheseconceptsaboutsignatures,whichclearlyinclude"actionsandqualities"(orDr.Morrison's"behaviorsandhabits")andmore,areknown
to anyone familiar with the history of the doctrine of signatures. Hahnemann had all this in mind as he categorically rejected all speculations,
includingallsignatures,asawaytodivinetheinnerhealingpropertiesofmedicines,throughoutnearlyfiftyyearsofteaching.Ontheotherhand,
thisshouldnotbeconfusedwiththefactthatsimilitudecanexistbetweenthesymptomsoftheprovingandthepropertiesoftheoriginalsourceof
medicines.Thepoint,whichneedstobemadeabsolutelyclearhere,isthattheattempttoguessthesymptomsorindicationsforprescribingfrom
thepropertiesoftheoriginalsubstanceisunreliable,unscientificandabsolutelycontrarytothehomeopathicmethodology.
Thisshouldalsonotbeconfusedwiththeposthocassociationssometimesmadebylecturersonmateriamedicabetweenthesymptomsofthe
provingandcharacteristicfeaturesoftheoriginalsubstances.Atbest,theseposthocassociationsmakestudyingthemateriamedicaquaintand
colorful,butshouldneverbeconfusedwithaprioripostulationsusedforprescribingaccordinglytothedoctrineofsignatures.Theadmittanceof
thedoctrineofsignaturesintohomeopathydefendedbythecosignersisnotonlyavainattemptatfalsificationofhistorybut,evenmoregrave,a
misrepresentationofhomeopathy.
HowmuchmoreclearcouldHahnemannhavebeenthatitisabsolutelyfundamentaltohomeopathythatmedicinesmustfirstbeprovedonthe
healthy and then confirmed in the sick, and this without introducing any interpretation or speculation whatsoever? In paragraph 108 of the
Organon he writes, "There is no other possible way of correctly ascertaining the characteristic action of medicines on human healthno single
surer, more natural waythan administering individual medicines experimentally to healthy people." (39) In paragraph 144 he writes, "All
conjecture,everythingmerelyassertedorentirelyfabricated,mustbecompletelyexcludedfromsuchamateriamedicaeverythingmustbethe
purelanguageofnaturecarefullyandhonestlyinterrogated."(40)
And in his 1830 preface to the Materia Medica Pura he writes, "He who has understood this will perceive that if a work on materia medica can
reveal the precise qualities of medicines, it must be one from which all mere assumption and empty speculation about the reputed qualities of
drugsareexcluded,andwhichonlyrecordswhatmedicinesexpress,concerningtheirtruemodeofactioninthesymptomstheyproduceinthe
humanbody.Hencethepractitionerwillrejoicetofindhereawayinwhichhecanremovethemaladiesofhisfellowcreaturessurely,rapidly,and
permanently,andprocurethemtheblessingofhealthwithmuchgreatercertainty."(41)
Speculationandothermisrepresentationsofhomeopathy
Dr.Morrisonsaysthatheandthecosignershavenotpromotedspeculation.Ifusingsignaturesisnotspeculation,thenwhatisit?Speculationand
misrepresentationofhomeopathycanbefoundthroughouttheirteachingsandpractices.
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Speculationonmateriamedica
Scholten
AmostcleardemonstrationcanbefoundinthespeculativemateriamedicaofJanScholtenasreportedrecentlyinHomeopathicLinks:
RecentlyJanhasbeeninvestigatingtheLanthanides,elements58through71.TheseelementsextendtheGoldseriesby14elements,they
allhaveanaspectfromstage3Lanthanum,thustheyseemtofillagapbetweenthesilverandgoldseries.Basedonhisunderstandingof
theperiodictableandguidedbythephysicalpropertiesofthesesubstances,Scholtenexplainedhowheisbuildinghisknowledgeofthese
new remedies. He used physical and mythological data as well as meditation proving information to extrapolate the first layer of his
understanding,thenasmoreprovingsaredoneandcasespresentthemselvestheremedypicturesslowlybecomemoresolid.
In the Lanthanides the general theme is one of having to use creativity. Scholten draws a parallel between the series of tasks given to
Hercules and the learning that occurs in the stages of the Lanthanides series. Hercules had to perform an increasingly arduous series of
tasksaloneinordertogainhisfreedom.Hisworkbenefitedthegreatergoodnotbydesignbutasbyproduct.Intheremediesweseethe
themesofworkinghardandworkingalone.Peoplearegoodatwhattheydoandtheyliketoworkalone.(42)
Obviously,suchamateriamedicahasnothingtodowiththestrictinductivemethodofHahnemann.AnotherexamplefromScholtendemonstrates
that besides developing themes from signatures, the end result has little to do with the original proving, as in his description of Ferrum
metallicum:
Signature:Ithasbeenusedsinceprehistorictimes,sincetheIronAgetobeprecise.Ithastraditionallybeenusedforthemanufactureof
bothweaponsandtoolsandthesetwowordsareexactlythewordswecanusetodescribethemainthemesofFerrum,i.e.,fightingand
performingyourtask.
Ferrumistheidealmaterialfortheconstructionoftoolsmachines,vehicles,furniture,bridges,nailsandscrews.Wecouldn'timagineour
presentdaytechnicalsocietywithoutiron.Ithasbeencombinedwithallsortsofelementsinmorethanathousanddifferentalloyswhich
areallcalled'steel'ofsomeformoranother.Concepts:
Stage8:Perseverance,maintaining,force,heavypressure,resistanceopposition,calculating,planning,concentration.
Ferrum series: task duty work, craft use, ability perfectionism, routine order rules, control exam, observed criticism, failure guilt crime,
pursuedtried,adult,village.Essence:Perseveringinyourjob:firm.(43)
Herrick
NancyHerrick'steachingsappeartobesimilar,aswecanreadinareportinHomeopathyToday:
Nancybeganherpresentationbyinvitingthegrouptofocusonthebreastasanorganofnourishmentandprotection.Thebreastissoft,
warm, yielding, and nourishing. Mother, who offers the breast, is associated with protection, guidance, and nurturing. Mother is also
associatedwiththeabundanceofloveaswellasthepotentialtowithholdlove.Nancysuggestedthatthemainfeelingsinmammalremedy
provingswillberelatedtotheideaofmotherandallheressentialqualities.Apersonwhoneedsamammalremedywillhaveissuesabout
their mother or mothering. An adult will project these feelings upon the world at large. All the issues around taking and digesting
nourishmentandfeelingadequatelynurturedwillbefeaturesofthemammalremedypicture.
Mammalsrepresentapurestateoflivingecology,andtheycommunicatethestateofourplanetthroughthemilkprovings,accordingto
Nancy. Information from the provings may reflect how we are caring for the planet when animals are in danger of becoming extinct.
Nancysuggeststhatthiscomesoutaspathologyintheprovings.
Lac lupinum (wolf milk): has the theme of "death is all around us." A related theme is children in danger and dying. Finally the state
emergeswhereoneispreoccupiedwithideasofmortalityandimmortality.
Mammalremediesareprobablyneededmorefrequentlythanmanyhomeopathsrealize.Peoplewhoneedtheseremediesdonotdisplay
theloudorstrikingcharacteristicsofsomeanimalremedies,suchasthesnakes,buttheydohavetheirownquitedistinctthemeswhich
caneasilyberecognized.(44)
VanderZee
AndwhatshallwethinkofHarryvanderZee'steachingsonthethemesofthecucurbitaceaebotanicalfamilyaspublishedinHomeopathicLinks?
Delusionofshortage
In general there is a feeling of lacking something, of being short of. Based on this there is a strong tendency to hold on to what is
importanttothem(likethecucurbitaceaeholdontootherplants).
Productivity
Asacompensationforthefeelingofshortage,thecucurbitaceaeareveryproductive.Themorefruitsyoupickfromthem,themorethey
willgrow.Thesefruitsaresoheavyinmostofthem,thateventhoughtheplantcanclimb,theystayontheground,andreachalength
thatinverticalpositionwouldbeequaltoatree.Thetexturecanvaryfromratherdrytoverywatery,likethewatermelon,whichinadry
andhotdesertoffersbeveragetothethirsty.Theyarewillingtosharetheirsavingswithothers,andcanlookatitasaninvestmentforthe
future,whentheirgenerosityorhardworkwillberewarded.
Investment
Tobeactive,busyandproductiveisanimportantissueasaresultofthefeelingofneed.Itisaninvestmentmadetoassuretherealization
ofthedesiredcommodity.Thehugefruitsand/orrootsrepresentthisstorageforfutureneed.Intheirtendencytosaveandaccumulatewe
couldcallthembankers.
Storage
The harder their exterior, the longer they can be put aside for times of hardship and shortage, like the pumpkins that are stored for the
winter. Just like they store the nutritional value and sweetness of life for future usage, they store the bitterness of their deception and
indignation.Theextremesofthecucurbitaceaegofrombitterviaalmosttastelesstosweet.TheycanbottleuplikeStaphysagriaandcan
haveallkindsofphysicalsymptomsduetorepressedanger,mainlyexpressedinpain.Painfromthedespairfromthepains.Ailmentsfrom
anger,indignation,vexation,disappointment,mortificationandgriefistheirdomain.Thestoringoftheiremotionsisexpressedinthesize
of their fruits (e.g. Cucm, Cucc which contain large amounts of water (representing emotions), in the high pressure inside of the fruit
(Elat),orintheintensebitterness(Bry,Coloc).(45)
Misrepresentationsregardingcasetakingandcaseanalysis
Manyofthecosignersapparentlydonotlimittheirspeculativeapproachonlytothemateriamedicabutextenditalsototheexaminationofthe
patient.
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Herrick
WhatshallwethinkofNancyHerrick'sanalysisofacaseforwhichshereportsprescribingLacdolphinum?
Firstofallthislookslikeananimalremedycaseastrongpersonality,veryvividandattentiongetting,attractivebehavior.
Secondlyshelookslikeacetacean[amemberofthewhalefamily].(46)
Collins
AndwhatshallwethinkoftheteachingsofDeborahCollinsasreportedinHomeopathicLinks?
Asaworldfirst,andwearedelightedtohavebeensohonored,Deborahintroducedustotheworksheandherhusband,BertEsser,have
been jointly developing. On the one hand, Deborah is a normal homeopath in having her fair share of failed cases, by conventional
methods,thatisontheother,Bertisatalentedpastliferegressiontherapist.
Deborahthenproducedtwocasesofdebilitatingweaknessinadultwomen.Each,whenregressed,wasfirmlyconvincedofapastlifeasa
Jewish child who had perished in the gas chambers of World War II. The remedy hydrocyanicum acidum brought symptomatic and
constitutionalrelief.
ThisisaveryniceadditiontoRajanSankaran'sconceptsofrootsandstates,andtothetheoryofmiasm'singeneral.
Objectivelyusedinthisperspective,Hydrocyanicacidbecomesfarmoreeasyofrecognitionandapplication.(47)
Sankaran
WhatabouttheteachingsofRajanSankaranaboutcasetakingasherecentlyreportedinHomeopathicLinks?
FormanyyearsIhaveadvocatedtakingcaseswithvirtuallynoquestions,Ibelievethataskingquestionslimitswhatweheartoonlywhat
wewanttohear.Intheprocesswelosetheindividualityofthepatientandoftenamoreexactremedy.(48)
Misrepresentationsregardingprovings
Scholten
OrtheteachingsofScholtenonprovingsrecentlypublishedinHomeopathicLinks?
Thewholepointaboutprovingsisthattheywillnevergetreliableresults.
Themorepreciselythatyoufollowtherulesofdoingprovings,thelessprecisetheresultsthemoreprecisetheresultsyouwanttohave,
thelessrigidlyyoumustfollowtherules.(49)
Sankaran
OrRajanSankaran'steachingsonprovingsascanbereadinhisarticleAProtocolforProvings?
Then distribute the proving dose to the proversit is possible that some of the group may decide not to take the dose. These persons
shouldalsoobserveandwritetheirsymptomsduringtheperiodoftheproving.Wefoundthatthosewhodonottakethedoseoftenget
someeffectsoftheproving.[Symptomsexperiencedbythesenonproversare,incidentally,alsomentionedaspotentialsymptomsofthe
proving.A.S.]
Eventhepersonswhomtheprovermetorwasimpressedby,thekindofmoviesorbooksthatattractedhim,hisdressstyle,histalking
andworkingstylesandallsuchphenomenonaretobenoted,eveniftheproverthinksitisapartofhimorhisownnature.
Nowthenameoftheremedyprovenisrevealedandfurtherdiscussionensueswithreferencetowhatisalreadyknownaboutthenatural
substance or the remedy. [Doesn't revealing the medicine being proven in the midst of a proving defeat the purpose of a blind proving?
A.S.]
Theproversmeetonceagainthenextweektoseeifanymorephenomenaoccurredoriftheprovingisover,andalsotoshareanyfurther
thoughtsabouttheproving.
Wefoundthatusuallyallproversgetsymptoms.Comingtogetherinagroupcertainlyismuchmorepowerfulthanindividualprovings.
Whentheindividualproversrelatetheirexperiencestherewillbemanyvastdifferencesbetweentheprovers'experiences.Thesewillbe
likepiecesofjigsawpuzzle.Wehavetorealizethatallthesephenomenarelatedtotheprovingandallstemfromonesource.Itisthetask
oftheleadertoputallthepiecesofthepuzzletogethersothattheymakeapictureandweunderstandthemeaningofthepicture.Thishe
candoifheisopenandalsolistensdeeplytothevariousprovers.
Initially,IthoughtthatitisbetteriftheleaderdoesnottaketheprovingdosebutoftenIfoundthattheleaderdevelopsthestateanyway
anditmaybemorehelpfulifhedoestakethedoseandwillinglyexperiencesthephenomena.
Inmyexperienceevenifoneisundertreatment,hecanprovearemedybecauseusuallytheprovinggetsoverintenweeks.
Giving placebos to some provers may not serve the purpose as, according to my experience (group consciousness) most persons in the
groupgetsymptomsirrespectiveofwhethertheytakeitornot.(50)
WhatshallwethinkoftheprovingofBacillinumconductedbySankaranin1993?Hereportsaspartoftheproving1)symptomsofanumberof
people who had not taken the remedy ("Provers" F, I, J, N, O and Q) 2) symptoms already developing one week prior to the beginning of the
proving("Prover"I)3)theflulikesymptomsofonepersonwhocouldnotparticipateintheproving"(Prover"N)4)thesymptomsofthemother
ofoneoftheprovers("Prover"J)5)andthesymptomsofachildofoneoftheproverswhowasacutelysickandlivingatadistance("Prover"
O).Sankaranconcludes,"Thisprovingisespeciallysignificantasitshowedthephenomenonofapersondevelopingthesymptomswithouttaking
theprovingdose..."(51)
Does anyone notice something fundamentally incompatible with science and Hahnemann's pure homeopathy? Let me repeat what Dr. Morrison
writes, "In fact all of the cosigners of this letter are rigorous in thought and practice. We have not promoted speculation but have shared
observationsmadeduringourclinicalpracticesofmanyyears."(52)Theevidencesofarreviewedappearstobetothecontrary.
Generalizationsinrelationtoremedyfamilies
Fourth, Dr. Morrison keeps insisting on the value of generalization in relation to groups or families of remedies. He notes, "that patients who
requireanimalremediesareoftenquiteconsumedwithcompetition""creepingplantsandvinesoftenproducedesireto,ordreamsoftravelingin
theirsymptomatology""wetrytosee(throughprovingsandcuredcases)commonthreadsrunning,forexample,throughallthenitricremedies
craving for fat, tendency for fissures, splinterlike pains, an imminent sense of threat or danger" "virtually all animal remedies have the
symptomofjealousy""almosteveryremedyoftheKalifamilyhaswakingsomewherebetween1,2,or3AMitisageneralcharacteristicofthe
group""theremediesofthePapaveraceaefamilyofplantshavesensationsofexcruciatingpainsandoftenmakereferencetowordslike'torture'
andthealmostfranticdesiretofindrelieffrompain(mostoftheseremediesareknownanodynes)."(53)
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Even though the above generalizations are said to be the fruits of much observation by many for many years, they are, at the very best,
hypotheses.Herewemustbecarefulonthefollowingtwopoints:first,nottoconfusethefruitsofpureobservationfromconstructsofthemind,
andsecond,nottoassumethatthenumberofobserversplaysamajorfactorinthevalidationofanobservation.Reliabilityoftheobserveristhe
keytovalidation,asDunhamjudiciouslypointedoutwhenhesaid,"Thesignificanceofafactismeasuredbythecapacityoftheobserver."(54)
SomeofthedangersofmakinggeneralizationsarewellillustratedbyDr.Morrison'sownexamples.Forinstance,howcantheassertionaboutall
the nitric remedies be taken seriously, when only Nitric acid and Argentum nitricum fulfill the four characteristic symptoms mentioned by Dr.
Morrison,namely,"cravingforfat,tendencyforfissures,splinterlikepains,animminentsenseofthreatordanger"?Kalinitricumdoesnothave
splinterlike pain, Glonoine has only the sense of impending misfortune but none of the three other symptoms and Amyl nitricum, Benzinum
nitricum, Natrum nitricum, Nitri spiritus dulcis, Nitrogenium oxigenatum, Nitro muriatic acidum, Strontium nitricum, and Uranium nitricum have
noneofthefourcharacteristicsymptoms.
Whatshallwethinkoftheassertionthat"virtuallyalltheanimalremedieshavethesymptomofjealousy,"whenbyconsultingthelastversionof
theCompleteMillenniumRepertory(55)wecanfindinthejealousyrubriconlyeightofthesixtytwoanimalremediesrepresented?
What shall we think of the assertion about the 1, 2, or 3 AM waking of "almost every remedy of the Kali family," when we find that only Kali
carbonicum,Kalinitricum,andKalibichromicumwakeatatleastoneofthesehours,whileKaliaceticum,Kaliarsenicosum,Kalibromatum,Kali
chloricum, Kali chlorosum, Kali cyanatum, Kali ferrocyanatum, Kali iodatum, Kali manganicum, Kali muriaticum (Kali chloratum), Kali oxalicum,
Kaliphosphoricum,Kalipicricum,Kalisulphuratum,Kalisulphuricum,Kalitartaricum,andKalitelluricumdon'twakeupatanyofthesehours?
Theassertionthat"theremediesofthePapaveraceaefamilyofplantshavesensationsofexcruciatingpainsandoftenmakereferencetowords
like 'torture' and the almost frantic desire to find relief from pain" is also unfounded. Only six members of this plant family have been proven,
namely, Adlumina fungosa, Chelidonium majus, Corydalis cava, Fumatia officinalis, Opium and Sanguinaria canadensis. Only Sanguinaria
canadensis has been found to have excruciating pains and the single reference to the word "torture" is in symptom 608 of Opium listed by
HahnemanninhisMateriaMedicaPura,"Sweet,delightfulphantasies,whichshepreferstoallknownhappiness,chieflywhenshehadpreviously
been tortured with pains." (56) Notably, here the word torture is related to pains experienced prior to taking crude doses of opium, and has
nothingtodowithbeingcharacteristicofOpium.
OpiumiscertainlyoneofthebestknownofthesesixPapaveraceae,andithappensthatHahnemanndirectlycontradictsDr.Morrison'sassertion
that"remediesofthePapaveraceaefamilyofplantshavesensationsofexcruciatingpains."HahnemannwritesintheintroductiontoOpiuminhis
MateriaMedicaPurathat,
Thepainfuldiseasesofacuteandchroniccharactercan(whateverthewholeworldfulofantipathicandallopathicphysiciansmayallegeto
thecontrary)onlybecuredandalteredintohealthofapermanentcharacterbyamedicinewhich,besidescorrespondinginsimilarityinits
otherprimaryeffectstothesymptomsofthemorbidstate,isatthesametimeabletoexcitepainsverysimilarinkindtothoseobserved
inthedisease.Ifsuchamedicinewereselectedthenpainanddiseasedisappeartogetherinamarvelouslyrapidandpermanentmanner,
whenthesmallestdoseisadministered,asistaughtintheOrganonofMedicine,andasexperiencewillconvinceeveryone.
Butmoststrikingwastheabusewhichallphysiciansoverthewholeworlddowntothepresenttimehavemadeofopium,inprescribingit
asapowerfulremedyforpainsofallsorts,betheyeversooldanddeeplyrooted.Itisobviouslycontrarytocommonsense,andisalmost
equal to the folly of a universal remedy, to expect from one single substance the cure of all pains which differ so infinitely among one
another.
Seeing that the various kinds of pains in diseases differ so much from one another in their seat, in the time and the conditions of their
occurrence, recurrence, increase and diminution, etc., it might be supposed that the Creator would not fail to create a large number of
differentmedicinesfortheircureforeveryfinitethingcanonlyhaveafinite,limitedsphereofaction.Butopiumispreciselynotoneof
thosepainallayingandcuringremedies.Opiumisalmosttheonlymedicinethatinitsprimaryactiondoesnotproduceasinglepain. Every
otherknowndrug,ontheotherhand,producesinthehealthyhumanbodyeachitsownkindsofpainsinitsprimaryaction,andhenceis
able to cure and remove (homeopathically) similar pains in diseases, especially if the other symptoms of the disease correspond in
similaritytothoseobservedfromtheadministrationofthatmedicine.Opiumaloneisunabletosubduehomeopathically,i.e.permanently,
any one single pain, because it does not cause in its primary action one single pain, but the very reverse, namely, insensibility, the
inevitableconsequence(secondaryaction)ofwhichisgreatersensitivenessthanbefore,andhenceamoreacutesensationofpain.(57)
Makinguseoftheabovehypotheticalgeneralizationscontradictstwofundamentalprinciplesofhomeopathy.First,themateriamedicamust
bekeptfreefromallhypothesesand"conjectures,everythingmerelyasserted."Second,inhomeopathyweindividualizeatalltimes,even
though our human nature will always entice us to generalize. Didn't Hahnemann and his true followers clearly teach us to always
individualizeeachcaseandeachremedy,andwarnusagainstthefatalerrorofgeneralization?Constantindividualizationisthetrademark
of pure homeopathy, while generalization is a consistent feature throughout conventional medicine. History teaches that physicians who
succeedinindividualizingconsequentlysucceedincuring,whiletheoneswhogeneralizefail.
MisrepresentingHahnemannonmiasms
AnotherblatantexampleofmisrepresentationofHahnemann'steachingsisdemonstratedwhenDr.Morrisonwrites,
ThefirstpersontotrytofindcommonthemesingroupsofremedieswasofcourseHahnemann.Yesin1828,Hahnemannpublishedhis
work,ChronicDiseases.InitheoutlinedthreegroupingsofsymptomsMiasmsashecoinedtheterm.Eachofthesegroupingsofdisease
symptomshadspecificremediesassignedtothem.Theseassignmentsdidnotcomedirectlyfromtheprovingsbutwereratherbasedupon
Hahnemann'soverview.Heunderstoodthegroupsandwasabletocategorizetheremedies.(58)
For Hahnemann, chronic diseases sprang from the "only three known chronic miasmatic diseases" or chronic states of infection (or infestation).
(59) If this is what Dr. Morrison means by "overview," then this was Hahnemann's overview, which was not an arbitrary hypothesis but, as he
says, the discovery of the nature of chronic diseases induced from the facts he had at hand. It was the result, as Hahnemann says, of
"unremittingthought,indefatigableinquiry,faithfulobservationandthemostaccurateexperiments.(60)
Dr.MorrisonsaysHahnemann'sclassificationofremediesforchronicdiseasesisbaseduponHahnemann's"overview,"butnot"directlyfromthe
provings."Thisisanotherastoundingstatement.InChronicDiseaseswereadjusttheopposite:
Ihaveoftenbeenaskedbywhatsignsasubstancemaybeforehandberecognizedasantipsoric?Buttherecanbenosuchexternalvisible
marks in them nevertheless while proving several powerful substances as to their effects on the healthy body, several of them by the
complaints they caused showed me their extraordinary and manifest suitableness for homopathic aid in the symptoms clearly defined
psoric diseases. Still only those remedies have been acknowledged as antipsoric whose pure effects on the human health gave a clear
indicationoftheirhomopathicuseindiseasesmanifestlypsoric,confessedlyduetoinfection.(61)
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If Dr. Morrison's misinterpretation is not leading students astray, then what would? Didn't Hahnemann clearly demonstrate how rigor in thought,
observation and experimentation is absolutely necessary to be successful in homeopathy? Why would anyone then insist on identifying their
teachings and practices with homeopathy when their methodologies are so contrary to the fundamental principles of homeopathy? Has what
homeopathy is become so confused that it can be that easily identified with its antithesis? An article, entitled Defining a Different Tradition for
Homeopathy, recently appeared in Homeopathic Links. Its author, Jrg Wichmann, states that homeopathy should not be classified as scientific,
butas"hermetic,""inthelineasshamanismandalchemy,"andhomeopathsshouldcomeoutoftheclosetlikeotheroppressedgroups,andclaim
ourhumanrightsasproudpractitionersof"witchcraft""Yes,homeopathyisasmuchwitchcraftasyoueversuspectedittobe."(62) Why would
anyonepersistinassociatinghomeopathywithtraditions,methodologiesandpracticescompletelydifferentfromit?
Sankaran's"discovery"ofthethemeofaremedy
WhatshallwethinkofRajanSankaran'sexplanationofhowhediscoversthethemeofaremedy?HegivesasanexamplethediscoveryofHura
braziliensis.Hewrites,
Question:Howdoyoudiscoverthecentralstateoftheremedy?Whatisthemethodyouusetounderstandtheremedy?
ThiscanbebestillustratedwitharemedywhichIhaveneverused,becausethenwewillbelookingpurelyatMateriaMedicaandtryingto
understanditfromthesymptomsrecordedintheprovingsaloneratherthanintermsofwhatwehaveseeninclinicalpractice.Wewilltake
theremedyHurabraziliensisofwhichIhaveneverreadanycases.Notonlyistherenoclinicalexperiencefrommyside,buthardlyany
clinicalexperienceavailable.(63)
Sankaran goes on enumerating mental symptoms of Hura braziliensis found in the repertory as the first step in discovering the theme of a
remedy.ItisimportantheretonotethreepointsregardingthemethodologyusedbySankaraninreadingtherepertorytounderstandaremedy,
andspecificallyasitappliestoHurabraziliensis,theexampleheusestodemonstratehisapproach.First,theonlyknownsourceforthemental
symptomsofHurabraziliensisintherepertoryisfromtheoriginalprovingpublishedbyBenoistMurein1849.(64)
Second,asinglementalsymptom,experiencedonlyoncebyonlyoneprover,canbefoundinmanyrubricsintherepertoryleavingthemistaken
impression,ifonereadstherepertorywithoutconsultingtheproving,thatthissymptomisarecurrentthemeinthisremedy.Toillustrate,inthe
case of Hura braziliensis, symptom 275, "He feels rejected and abandoned by his family" ("Il se croit repouss et abandonn des siens"), is
representedinfourrubrics,namely,Delusionofbeingdespised,Delusionheisrepudiatedbyrelatives,Delusionofbeingdeserted,forsaken,and
Forsaken.
Third,somesymptomsoftheprovinghavebeenstretchedtofitcertainrubricsintherepertory.Forinstance,insymptom275justmentioned,the
feelingrejectedwasapparentlystretchedtofittherubricDelusionoffeelingdespised.Itisobvioushowitwouldbemisleadingtorelyonlyonthe
repertorywithoutconsultingtheproving,asonecanfeelrejectedwithoutfeelingdespised.
From a list of only mental symptoms found in the repertory, Sankaran proceeds to "discover" for us the central state of the remedy or the
understandingoftheremedy.Hewrites,
If we study all these symptoms of Hura we find a lot of concentration on forsaken feelings. There is a specific feeling of forsakenness,
whichisadelusionthatsheisabouttoloseherfriend.Delusionthatherfriendhadlostaffectionofher.Delusionpeoplearecastingher
away,theydon'twanther.Therefore,sheisaloneintheworldsheisnotliked,sheisdespisedandhated.(65)
Thispartofthethemeisessentiallydevelopedfromthreesymptomsoutof870symptomsintheoriginalprovingofDr.Mure,namelysymptom
275, "He feels rejected and abandoned by his family" ("Il se croit repouss et abandonn des siens"), symptom 484, "She thinks she will lose
someone who is dear to her" ("Elle pense qu'elle va perdre quelqu'un qui lui est cher"), and symptom 822, "She thinks she is left alone in the
worldandwithouthopeofrecovery"("Ellepenseresterseuleaumondeetsecroitperdue").(66),(67)
ThenSankarangoesontodiscovertherestofthetheme.Hewrites,
Whyhasthishappened?Becauseofbadluck.Sheisunfortunatethisfeelingisstrong."Itismybadluckthatsomethinghashappenedto
mebecauseofwhichIhavelostmyfriendandtheyhavestartedhatingme."
Now,whenIthinkaboutthisIaskmyselfwhatisthesituationinwhichthesefeelingsarejustified?Hereisthesituationofamanwhohad
losttheaffectionofhisfriends.Allhisfriendsandrelativesnowhatehimanddon'twanthim,theyhavecasthimaway,andsohefeelsleft
out,forsaken,isolatedandfeelsunfortunate.
Therubric'DespairofRecovery'meansthatitisdifficultforhimtorecoverfromthisposition.Thechancesofgettingbacktotheoriginal
positionareslimsothereissadnessandmentaldepression.Hebecomesquitefrustratedandbored(ennui).Hecangetdestructive,even
destructiveofhimself.Hegetsangrywithhimself,biteshimself,feelsunfortunateandreproacheshimself.(68)
ProblemswithSankaran'sapproach
Severalmajordifficultiesarisefromsuchanapproach.First,istheintroductionofinferencesaboutthecausesofthesesymptoms,secondisthe
interpretation of the symptoms, and third is the starting assumption that there is a common theme or a central delusion in disease. He writes,
"One thing is sure, that all symptoms of a remedy are based upon delusionsevery single symptom without exception. Because delusion is
disease and since symptoms are an expression of disease, they can be expressed as delusions." (69) All of this is speculation, which is again
totallycontrarytothefundamentalprinciplesofhomeopathy.ThereisabookaboutthehistoryofscientificmistakesentitledJePenseDoncJeMe
Trompe(IThinkThereforeIAmWrong),(70)andsimilartotheexamplescontainedinthisbook,Sankarandemonstratedseveralbasicerrorsof
methodologyandreasoninginhisexampleofhowhe"discovers"aremedy.
First,nowhereintheprovingisthereanythingaboutbeingdespisedorhated,orofhavingafriendloseaffectionforher.
Second,Sankaranwrites,"WhenIgotthisideayoucanimaginemyjoywhenIwentthroughClarke'sDictionaryandfoundthatHurahasbeen
proved and it has brought out the best symptoms in people who had leprosy in the past, and Hura is a known remedy for leprosy... He [Hura]
feelslikealeper,feelscastawayandhatedandnochanceofcomingback.ThisisthethemeofHura...IamnotsayingthatHurashouldbeused
inleprosy,butwhatIamsayingisthatleprosycouldhavebeenoneoftheoriginalsituationsinwhichtheHurastatemusthavebeenproduced."
(71)TherewereonlyfourproversintheprovingofHurabraziliensis,twowhohadpreviouslydevelopedleprosyandinwhomHuradidn'tbring
outbettersymptomsthaninthetwootherswhohadnohistoryofleprosy.Asamatteroffact,symptoms275and822,thetwokeysymptoms
fromwhichSankaranbuildsthethemeofHurafeeling"likealeper,castawayandhatedandnochanceofcomingback,"werebothprovidedby
thetwoproverswhohadnothadleprosy.
Third,Hurabraziliensiswasneverreallyknownasaremedyforleprosy,itwasmerelybelievedtobe.Murereportedin1849thatamanwhohad
been affected with leprosy had been cured after ingesting considerable quantities of the juice flowing from the trunk of the Hura tree after the
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presidentofthelocalprovinceinformedtheimperialgovernmentofthisobservation,thisjuicebecame"verygenerallyusedbyleprouspatients
without,however,curingthem."(72) Is this old belief still sufficient to sustain the following thesis by Sankaran? "Hura has features that place it
exactly between the tubercular and the syphilitic miasms. This is the leprosy miasm. The main feeling in the leprosy miasm is similar to the
tubercularmiasm,onlymuchworse.Thefeelingisthatevenwithintense,rapid,hecticactivitytocomeoutofthisdestructiveprocess(leprosy),
thereisverylittlehope."(73)
Fourth,Sankaranwritesthefollowingincontinuinghis"discovery"ofthecentralthemeofHurabraziliensis,
Various possibilities occurmaybe he has committed a big crime. If that was the case "Anxiety of conscience" and "Delusion he is a
criminal"shouldhavebeentherebuttheyarenot.Whatisavailableisunfortunatefeeling,somemisfortunehashappened.So,whatcould
the misfortune be that has made his relatives hate him, misfortune from which he cannot recover? When I got into this feeling I get a
strongimpressionofleprosy.Aleperisamanwhothroughastrokeofbadluckcomesintoapositionwhereallhisfriendshaveditched
him,theyhatehim,despisehim,loseaffectionforhimandhowevermuchhetries,hecannotcompensate.Theoldfeelingcannotreturn,
oncealeper,alwaysaleper.(74)
In this deductive process of "discovering" the materia medica, one wrong assumption most likely invalidates the conclusion. In this context, it
happensthatsymptoms127and128inMure'sprovingare,respectively,"Hereproacheshimselfwitheverythingbadhehasdone,eventheleast
trifles,andconsidershimselfveryguiltyforhavingdonethem"("Ilsereprochetouteslesmauvaisesactionsqu'ilapucommettre,sereproche
les moindres choses, et se croit bien coupable de les avoir faites"), and "During the nervous attack, he is anxious about his eternal salvation"
("Proccupationdesonsalutternelpendantlacrisenerveuse").
To start with, Sankaran assumes that there is no anxiety of conscience, when in fact there is. He then rests his deductive process on the
symptoms of feeling unfortunate, hated, despised, and the lost affection of a friend, when in actuality, none of the last three symptoms are
presentintheproving.
Fifth, what shall we do with the other peculiar mental or physical symptoms not included in Sankaran's theme? Some examples are symptoms
126, "During and after the faintingspell disposition to love everybody, especially those surrounding you. He often thinks of death, but he is not
afraidofdyingheevenfeelsasthoughhewoulddiewithoutregret"537,"Sincetakingthedrug,theleastthingirritatesheratsuchtimesshe
feelsoppressed,withdesiretocry,sheblushes,sighsagooddeal,severaltimesaday"491,"Atnineinthemorning,herfeelingsareexcited
andshecriesagooddeal"571573,"Atnineinthemorning,oppressiononthechest.Shesighsagooddeal.Internaltrembling"679,"Athalf
pasteight,desiretoweep,theleasttriflemakeshersadshestartswhenhearingadooropenedsuddenly"580,"Nervouslaughterwhichcauses
her to shudder" 626, "At eight in the morning, with the desire to laugh, followed by shuddering in the head and legs" 823, "Weeping without
cause, followed by nervous laugh" 452, "She cannot walk, without fearing to fall" 485, "She cries every moment and, for several days past
imagines she is seeing the dead person before her eyes" 321 and 322 "Absence of mind, he makes many mistakes, mistakes one month for
another,forseveraldays.Hemistakesthestreettwice"432,"Sensationasifshewerefallingtotheground"448"Sensationasifdogshadbitten
herwherethepainisfelt."Wheredotheabovesymptomsfitinthisscheme,aswellasanumberofotherpeculiarsymptoms?
Whatshallwethinkofthisapproach?Arewereallytalkingofdiscovery,orisitthecreationofanactiveimagination?Whowouldeverwanttouse
suchanapproach"inthemostimportantworkwhichonemancanperformforhisbrotheraworkwhereonlifeanddeath,nay,sometimesthe
wealorwoeofwholefamiliesandtheirdescendantsdepends?"(75)Wouldsuchanapproach,intheend,tendtoguideormisguideunfortunate
and often too nave students in search of new and "advanced" techniques? The answer to these questions is crystal clear to those who have
thoroughly studied and understood the work of Hahnemann. As for others, each must follow his own path and this freedom must be respected,
howeveritisnotalicensetocallone'sownvagarieshomeopathy.Averygreatnumberofpeoplecallingthemselveshomeopathsarecurrently
misrepresenting the profession. Unfortunately, this has been the case in homeopathy for a very long time and we are reminded that for a very
longtimethemajorityofprofessedhomeopathshaveshowedgreatlackofknowledgeoftheteachingsofHahnemann.Whenwillwelearnfrom
themistakesofthepast?
Insummary
The errors so far demonstrated in the teachings and practices supported by the cosigners are often the result of generalization, poor
methodology, or incorrect observation and reasoning, and are all the antithesis of science and pure homeopathy. It is therefore very difficult to
understandhowDr.Morrisondenies"thatwearepersonswholeadstudentsastraybyfailingtoteachtheprinciplesoftheOrganon.Infact,the
Organonisalwaystaughtatourschoolsandnothingweteach,promoteorpracticeisinanywaycontrarytotheteachingsofHahnemann.That
wearepersonswhospreadfalsedoctrines"(76)Infact,most,ifnotall,theteachingsandpracticessofarexaminedaretotallycontrarytothe
teachings of Hahnemann. The image of Socrates making the following remarks regarding the sophists is here difficult to avoid, "Can you name
any other subject in which the professed teachers are not only recognized as teachers of others but are thought to have no understanding
themselvesandtobenogoodattheverysubjecttheyprofessedtoteach?Whenpeoplearesoconfusedaboutasubjectcanyousayinanytrue
sensethattheyareteachers?"
Dr. Morrison refutes that we are persons who "falsify our followups of cases 'to demonstrate our cleverness.' In fact not one of the cosigners
wouldcondonefalsificationofresultsforanypurpose."(77)Inmypreviousarticle,Ionlyaddressedthisproblemasageneralremark.ThatDr.
Morrison claims that none of the cosigners have been involved in such things forces me to address this very touchy but important issue once
more.Ihaveheardmanyallegationsoffalsificationofcasescommittedbyoneofthecosigners.AlthoughIhavenotpersonallywitnessedthese
episodes, they have been described by apparently reliable observers who witnessed them personally. A better forum is urgently needed to
address this issue. The questions are the following: what actions shall be taken regarding these allegations? And what actions shall be taken if
theseallegationsarefoundtobetrue?Alsoitissurprisinghowmanywitnessesoftheseallegationshavedecidedtoremainsilentandnottakea
stand.Howistheprofessionservedbyputtingourheadsinthesand?Cheatingonceinmedicineasinscienceisoncetoomanyandcarriesits
owncondemnationwhatteachings,writings,orprovingsfromsuchapersoncouldeverbeconsideredseriousandtrustworthy?
Thedevelopmentofthemateriamedicawithoutprovings
Thedevelopmentofmateriamedicaprimarilyfromcuredcases,asispartofnewteachingssupportedbythetwentyonesigners,isalsoavery
questionable approach. Again, this approach bypasses a fundamental principle of homeopathythe obligation to first prove a medicine on the
healthy.HeringwroteinhisAnalyticalRepertoryoftheSymptomsoftheMind,
Beingawarethatthesetwokindsofsymptoms,namelythoseproducedandthosecured,areessentiallydifferent,westillhave,afterlong
andmaturedconsideration,decidedtogivebothwithoutmarksofdistinction.Themarkingofsuchdifferentorigin,shouldalwaysbedone
withtheutmostcareinthemonographofthemateriamedicaitshouldtherebeconsideredasamatterofhighestimportance,neverto
mixindiscriminately,symptomsreported as cured (not having been observed on the healthy), with the symptoms produced by the drug.
Hahnemann'swarningmustneverbeforgotten,seeChronicDiseases, Volume 2, second edition, note to Alumina. Hahnemann was right,
whenheadvisedusnottoberuledbyformercures,butalwaysbythesymptomsproduced.(87)
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In the passage referred to by Hering, Hahnemann writes that cured symptoms "only serve to furnish occasionally a little confirmation of the
correctchoiceofthehomopathicremedy,alreadyfoundoutfromtheirpurepeculiarmedicinaleffects,asindicatedaccordingtothesimilarityof
thesymptomsofdiseaseofthespecialcaseunderconsideration."(79)
Dr.MorrisonalsoreferstoexperimentationthatImademorethantwelveyearsagowiththeuseofpotentizedsarcodesinincurableanddefective
caseswithorganfailure:thishadnothingtodowithHahnemannoranyofthebasicprinciplesofhomeopathy,andIneverclaimedortaughtthat
itdid.However,whenpatientspresentwithirreversiblelesions,itiscommonsenseforthehomeopathtouseotherapproachesthatHahnemann
called adjuvants. Of course, the use of such adjuvants would be unacceptable in the homeopathic method for patients presenting with curable
dynamicdisease.
Thebottomline
In conclusion, the issues discussed here go far beyond a dispute over what constitutes pure observation and sound thinking. Assuming that we
canallagreeonwhatisafactversuswhatisspeculation,athought,anideaorahypothesis,thenintheend,itcomesdowntowhathomeopathy
isandisnot.Dr.Morrisonandthecosignersaresupportingteachingsandpracticesclearlycontrarytothefundamentalprinciplesofhomeopathy.
To be consistent with themselves, the least that is requested of them is to recognize their misrepresentation and stop suggesting that these
teachings and practices represent Hahnemann's homeopathy. As has been said so many times, homeopathy without Hahnemann is like staging
HamletwithoutHamlethimself.
Overonehundredyearsago,PembertonDudley,theeditorofthesecondEnglishtranslationofHahnemann'sChronicDiseases,judiciouslysaid:
InthedevelopmentoftherapeuticartHahnemann'spositionismorethanmerelytransitional.Heproclaimsbothanepochandanerahe
representsbothdiscoveryandprogress.Today,asahundredyearsago,heholdsinonehandthepast,intheotherthefutureofmedical
achievement. The future historian, crossing the chasm between the medicine of speculative hypothesis and that based on observation of
clinicalandpharmacodynamicphenomena,willunfailinglyrecognizeHahnemann'sagencyinbringingaboutthatremarkabletransformation
inmedicalthoughtandpractice.(80)
Thetwentyonecosignersandtheirfollowershavetakenagiantstepawayfrompurehomeopathyandhopefullywillunderstandthattheyhaveto
stop dragging homeopathy with them to the other side of the chasm referred to by Dr. Dudley. Hahnemannians will always denounce the ones
wantingtobringhomeopathyinto"thedomainofshadows,whereknowledgeandobservationcease,whilstimaginationdeceivesusintoaccepting
dreamsastruthwherewe,inshort,abandonedbytheguidingofplainexperience,gropeaboutinthedark,andwitheverydesiretopenetrate
intotheinneressenceofthings,aboutwhichlittlemindssopresumptuouslydogmatize,wegainnothingbysuchhyperphysicalspeculationsbut
noxiouserrorandselfdeception."(81)Withtheirobviousmisrepresentations,thecosignershavenomandatetorepresenthomeopathy,muchas
visitorscannotclaimtorepresenttheirhost.
Itisonethingtosayyoudon'tagreewithHahnemann'smethodandwanttouseothermethods.Thisisfine,butthoseothermethodsshouldnot
comeundertheumbrellaofhomeopathy.Peoplewantingtoexploreotherwaystoapplythelawofsimilars,asintheuseofspeculationsuchas
thedoctrineofsignatures,themesandessences,havenolicensetocalltheirteachingsandpracticeshomeopathy.
Ononehand,wehaveHahnemann'sstrictinductivemethodandmateriamedicapura,andontheotherhand,wehavethespeculativemateria
medica, based on signatures, generalizations, themes, essences and "synthetic prescribing" (i.e., prescribing Calcarea nitrica for a patient
presentingwithsymptomsofCalcareacarbonicaandNitricumacidum).Itishightimeforanhonestrecognitionthatsuchteachingsandpractices
areantitheticaltopurehomeopathy,andshouldceasetobecalledhomeopathy.SucharequestisconsistentwithhomeopathyandHahnemann's
requesttokeephomeopathypure,andisinnowayaslightagainstauthorsandusersoftheseotherpractices.
Somewillsaythatweshouldunite,notdivide.Anyonefamiliarwiththehistoryofhomeopathywillrecognizethatmovementstoreconcilehave
beendetrimentaltohomeopathyandthesick,whojustlydemandstandardsofpractice,andhaveonlyprofitedtheauthorsandpractitionersof
misrepresentations.Otherswilladvisemoretolerance,andarguethatitisjustaquestionofbadscienceandaneedtocorrectthemethodology.
Inthisinstance,itismorethanjustacaseofbadsciencewhenthefundamentalprinciplesofscienceareignoredandwhenthereisnoexpressed
intenttorecognizeandcorrecterrors.
By demonstrating such poor knowledge of and/or regard for the Hahnemannian method, by ignoring the fundamental principles of homeopathy
andofscience,andbypersistinginpracticeswhicharecontrarytothese,Dr.Morrisonandthecosignersonlyinvitecondemnationoftheirlackof
science. The least that Hahnemannians can do to honor the legacy we have received is to continue denouncing and rejecting any
misrepresentationofhomeopathy"withoutfearorfavor."(82)Longtermtoleranceformisrepresentationisnot,andhasneverbeen,anoptionfor
Hahnemannians.AsGoethesaidsowell,"Toleranceoughtinrealitytobemerelyatransitorymood.Itmustleadtorecognition.Totolerateisto
affront."
History clearly teaches that the more one understands Hahnemann's teachings the greater the clinical achievement. Disciples like Lippe,
Bnninghausen and Hering acted as apprentices to Hahnemann. They revered him as the teacher and master who had perfected the art and
scienceofhealing.Theirrelationshipwassimilartotheapprenticesofagreatmasterofanartdemandingperfectioninallaspectsofexecution,
as an example, in the making of a Stradivarius, where any change, insignificant as it may seem, would likely spell failure. The testimony of
HahnemannianshasoverwhelminglyconfirmedHahnemann'steachingstotheirutmostdelightandsatisfaction.Todaythesituationisdifferent.We
haveselfproclaimedmasterswhohavenotdonetheirhomework,aswellasfollowerswhoingreatnumbersdon'tknowbetterthantobefalsely
led.Commonsenseadmonitionsindicatedherewouldbetonotfixwhatisnotbroken,andbemindfultofirstmastertheartbeforethinkingof
perfecting it and certainly of teaching it. From the evidence presented, it appears that the twentyone signers have little understanding of
Hahnemann'shomeopathy,letalonemastery.
WedonotpleadwithDr.MorrisonandthecosignerstoadoptHahnemann'steachings,butsimplyaskthemtorecognizethattheirteachingsand
practicescontradictfundamentalprinciplesofHahnemann'shomeopathy.TheleasttheycandoisrespectHahnemann'srequestandstopusurping
the name of homeopathy. Hahnemann and his true disciples rejected the doctrine of signatures and magical thinking and instead embraced
Experimentiaacratioformattersofhealthanddisease.Unreliableobservationsandincorrectreasoning,asdemonstratedbythecosigners,have
noplaceandnousefulnesswhatsoeverinhomeopathy,asHahnemannmentionedinparagraph143oftheOrganon,
Lately,unknownpeoplehavebeencommissionedtodoprovingsofmedicinesatsomedistanceaway,forthepurposeofpublication.Butin
this way the allimportant work meant to be the only true basis of the art of healing and requiring the greatest moral certainty and
reliabilityunfortunatelybecomesambiguousanduncertaininitsresults,thereforeuseless.Anyofthefalsestatementstobeexpectedfrom
such procedures which are later accepted by homeopathic physicians as the truth will certainly lead to most harmful consequences for
patients.(83)
Keephomeopathypure:ouronlyoption
Ontheotherhand,bykeepinghomeopathypure,wecanparticipateintheprogressofourscience,andultimatelyhelpintheachievementofthe
mathematicalcertaintypredictedbyHahnemannwhenhewrote,
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In the beginning (some forty years ago) I was the only one for whom proving the pure powers of medicines was the most important
occupation.SincethattimeIhavebeenhelpedbyafewyoungmenwhohavemadetestsonthemselvesandwhoseobservationsIhave
examinedcritically.Andsincethensomevalidworkinthisfieldhasbeendonebyafewothers.Butwhatwillwenotbeabletoachievein
therapythroughouttheendlessfieldofdiseasewhennumbersofcarefulandreliableobserverswillhaveearnedthemeritofenrichingthis
onlytruemateriamedicabycarefulselfprovings!Thehealingartwillthenapproachthemathematicalsciencesincertainty.(84)
In order to assist Hahnemann in this most noble objective of mathematical certainty, there is no known path of success other than using the
methodhehonedsowell,whichdemandsthegreatestcareinitsapplication,ashewroteintheMedicalObserver,
In order to be able to observe well, the medical practitioner requires to possess, what is not to be met with among ordinary physicians
eveninamoderatedegree,thecapacityandhabitofnoticingcarefullyandcorrectlythephenomenathattakeplaceinnaturaldiseases,as
wellasthosethatoccurinthemorbidstatesartificiallyexcitedbymedicines,whentheyaretesteduponthehealthybody,andtheabilityto
describetheminthemostappropriateandnaturalexpression.
In order accurately to perceive what is to be observed in patients, we should direct all our thoughts upon the matter we have in hand,
comeoutofourselves,asitwere,andfastenourselves,sotospeak,withallourpowersofconcentrationuponit,inorderthatnothingthat
isactuallypresent,thathastodowiththesubject,andthatcanbeascertainedbyallthesenses,mayescapeus.
Poetic fancy, fantastic wit and speculation must for the time be suspended, and all overstrained reasoning, forced interpretation and
tendencytoexplainawaythingsmustbesuppressed.Thedutyoftheobserverisonlytotakenoticeofthephenomenaandtheircourse
his attention should be on the watch, not only that nothing actually present escape his observation, but that also what he observes be
understoodexactlyasitis.(85)
Thus,Hahnemanninsistedthatthereliabilityoftheobserveriskeytohomeopathy.Followinghisprecisemethodgivespermanentvaluetowork
which otherwise is done in vain. Material from unreliable observers always remains of questionable value and useless unless proven otherwise.
Isn't it our duty as homeopaths to deepen our understanding of homeopathy by constantly studying the works of Hahnemann and the great
Hahnemannians,topracticeaccordinglytowhathasbeendemonstratedtobetrue,andtocontinuetoreportourreliableobservationsinorderto
perfect the art and science of pure homeopathy? Yet, for undefined reasons, so many look up to teachers of new trends as if seeking medical
enlightenmentorknowledgenototherwiseaccessibletothem.Manyseektheseteachersasonewouldseekaguru,andworshipthemwithgreat
naivete,depletedofobjectivityandincapableofcriticism,andoftenborderingonidolatry.Somehavelistenedtotheseguruliketeachersforover
twentyyears,which,strangely,isoftenlongerthansomeoftheseteachershaveeverpracticed.
InitiatorsofthesenewtrendshavedemonstratedlittleornounderstandingofthefundamentalprinciplesofHahnemann'smethod.Whobenefits
from and who pays the price of these new trends? To begin with, we have teachers cashing in on the naivete of students in constant search of
shortcuts,formulaeandschemestomakepracticeeasy.Thenthesestudentstrythesenewtrendsforoneortwoyears.Theyfindthemselves
experiencing more failures than before, and feel more inadequate. They think, for example, "perhaps I haven't applied properly what was
learnedperhapsIshouldpersistforanotheroneortwoyears."Confusionisjoinedbydisappointmentanddisillusionbutonlyuntilthenextnew
and more promising trend comes along, and the cycle continues. But the one who pays the last and most bitter bill is the innocent patient who
comestoreceivehomeopathypureandsimplebutendsupdeceived.Aphysicianwhohadfollowedsomeofthesenewtrendsrecentlytoldme,
"Morally,Ishouldrefundthemoneyofallmycasesofthelastfewyears."Hefeltthathehadbeenfooledandinturnhadfooledhispatients.The
imageofhomeopathycanonlybetarnishedwithallofthesemisrepresentations.
A legitimate question arises. Who among our modern teachers has thoroughly studied the teachings of Hahnemann in order to master
homeopathy? Seminars won't do it and to learn from a teacher who is supposed to have studied the work of Hahnemann but, in fact, has not
won'tbesufficient,regardlessofhowlearnedthatteacherappearstobe.Manywhohaveadoptedthesenewtrendssaythatitwasinanswerto
failuresintheirpractice.Therefore,anotherlegitimatequestionarises.Howmanyofthesehaddonetheirhomework,appliedthemselveslikethe
masters of the past had done in thoroughly studying all the writings of Hahnemann related to the practice of homeopathy and had practiced
accordingly? How many could demonstrate failure on more than rare occasions with full cases as evidence when they applied the method of
Hahnemannaccuratelyandmeticulously?WhoamongtheseteachersclaimingfailureswiththemethodofHahnemannhadfirstdemonstratedreal
masteryoftheartandscienceofhealingastaughtbyHahnemann?
To all the above, a literal answer is not expected, as enough nonsense has been demonstrated and responded to so far. Concrete actions are
needed. The bottom line is that homeopathy is the system Hahnemann developed on a solid scientific base and well defined by its fundamental
principles,andisnotafreeforallonhowtoapplythelawofsimilars.Historically,HahnemannandHahnemannianshaveaskedthatteachingsand
practices not complying with these fundamental principles not be called homeopathy. Therefore, authors of teachings and practices which are
contrarytothefundamentalprinciplesonhowtoconductprovings,onhowtodevelopthemateriamedica,andonhowtoconducttheexamination
ofthepatient,andwhoconsistentlyemployincorrectreasoning,areconsequentlyaskedtosimplybehonestandstopcallingtheirteachingsand
practiceshomeopathy.Whywouldanyoneinsuchapositionnotdootherwise?
Followingtherecentrapidgrowthofourprofession,adebateoverthestandardsofpracticeandethicsseemsinescapableandurgent.Otherswho
careabouthomeopathynowneedtobeinvolvedinthisvitaldebateofourprofessionboardmembersofhomeopathicinstitutions,editorsofour
journals,teachers,historiansandthoseinpositionsofauthoritynowneedtostepinandtakeastanceontheseissues.
Whatishomeopathy
Weareassumingthateveryoneagreesonthefollowingtwopremises:
1.HomeopathyistheartandscienceofhealingnamedanddevelopedbySamuelHahnemann.
2.Homeopathyisgreatlydefinedbyitsfundamentalprinciples.
Someofthefundamentalprinciplesofhomeopathy
The question then becomes one of identifying some of these fundamental principles of homeopathy. As there are many, some of which require
complexdefinitions,letusnowenumeratethosemostrelevanttothecommonissuesofusurpingthenameofhomeopathy:
1.The physician's main objective is to help the sick recover his health. "It is not to weave socalled systems from fancy and hypotheses
about the inner nature of the vital processes and the origin of diseases Nor does it consist of trying endlessly to explain disease
phenomena and their proximate cause Surely by now we have had enough of these pretentious fantasies called theoretical medicine."
(86)Allpersonalambitionsandthedesiretoimpressothersmustbesetaside.
2."The highest ideal of therapy is to restore health rapidly, gently, permanently to remove and destroy the whole disease in the shortest,
surest,leastharmfulway,accordingtoclearlycomprehensibleprinciples."(87)
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3.Medicines must first be proven on the healthy. "There is no other possible way of correctly ascertaining the characteristic action of
medicines on the human healthno single surer, more natural waythan administering individual medicines experimentally to healthy
people..."(88)
4.The development of the materia medica must be free from all speculation. "All conjecture, everything merely asserted or entirely
fabricated, must be completely excluded from such a materia medica everything must be the pure language of nature carefully and
honestlyinterrogated.(89)
5.Theexaminationofthesickmustbefreefromallspeculation. (90) "The totality of these perceptible signs represent the entire extent of
thesicknesstogethertheyconstituteitstrueandonlyconceivableform."(91)
6.The totality of the symptoms of the patient is the basis for choosing the most similar remedy.92 This means that the physician must
conductathoroughexaminationofthepatientandgatherallthesubjective,objectiveandcircumstantialsymptoms.
7."The only medicinal disease agent meriting attention and preference in any case of disease is always the one that is most similar to the
totalityofthecharacteristicsymptomsandthatnopettybiasshouldinterferewiththisseriouschoice."(93)
8.Theremedymustbegivensingly,(94)andintheoptimalpotencyandrepetition.(95)(Thisprinciplehasbeenveryoftendisregardedby
manyprofessedhomeopathsthroughoutthehistoryofhomeopathy.)
9.Thehomeopathicphysicianconstantlyseekstoindividualizethepatient,themedicine,anditspotencyandrepetition.
10.Palliative treatments, regimes or approaches are not compatible with the homeopathic treatment of patients presenting with curable
dynamicdiseases.
Questionsresponsiblemembersoftheprofessionneedtoanswer:
1.What shall be our attitude toward teachings and practices within homeopathy clearly at variance with the fundamental principles of
homeopathyandthescientificmethod?
2.TowhichstandardsmusthomeopathyadheretoremainatruescienceandtoreachHahnemann'sgoalofcertaintyinmedicine?
3.Whatstepsshouldbetakentoassuretherequiredpeerreviewinhomeopathy?
4.Whatshallbedonewithteachingsandpracticesmisrepresentinghomeopathy?
5.Shallallegationsoffalsificationsofresultsbeinvestigatedandadjudicatedforthegoodoftheprofession?
Timetotakeastand
Committed people who care about the future of homeopathy must now come forward and stand up for the good of the profession. Modern day
homeopathywillberememberedasacaricatureunlessweturneventsaround.Commitmentiswhatisneeded.
Let'smakesurethatourprofessionaimsforexcellenceandthatworkdoneinthenameofhomeopathyisscientificandofpermanentvalue,thus
characterizingourendeavorswiththedepartingwordsofthewiseHahnemann,Noninutilisvixi.*
*Noninutilisvixi,or"Ididnotliveinvain,"istheinscriptionHahnemannaskedtohavewrittenonhistombstone.
References
1.Hahnemann S. On the value on the speculative systems of medicine (1808), in The lesser writings of Samuel Hahnemann, edited and
translatedbyR.E.Dudgeon.NewYork:WilliamRadde,1852:501.
2.HeringC.Apis.NorthAmericanJournalofHomopathy188029:31.
3.LippeA.Thelastdepartureofhomopathyinthephysiologicallivery.CincinnatiMedicalAdvance18764:4044.
4.MorrisonR.HomeopathyToday200222(4).
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6.Ibid
8.Ibid.
9.HahnemannS.Essayonanewprincipleforascertainingthecurativepowersofdrugs(1796),inThelesserwritingsofSamuelHahnemann,
editedandtranslatedbyR.E.Dudgeon.NewYork:WilliamRadde,1852:254.
10.HahnemannS.ExaminationofthecommonsourcesoftheMateriaMedica(1817),inThelesserwritingsofSamuelHahnemann,editedand
11.Ibid,672.
12.Hahnemann S. On the value of the speculative systems of medicine (1808), in The lesser writings of Samuel Hahnemann, edited and
13.Definitionofsignature.Dorland'sillustratedmedicaldictionary,25thed.Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders,1974.
16.Hahnemann S. The chronic diseases, their peculiar nature and their homopathic cure. Translated by Louis Tafel. Vol. 1, Philadelphia:
Boericke&Tafel,1896:2.
17.HahnemannS.Organonofmedicine,6thed.TranslatedbyJostKnzli,AlainNaudandPeterPendelton.LosAngeles:J.P.Tarcher,1982:
paragraph84.
18.Ibid,paragraph84.
19.Ibid,paragraph5.
21.Ibid,paragraph6.
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23.Ibid,673.
24.Ibid,673.
25.Ibid,694.
26.Ibid,672.
27.Ibid,676.
28.Ibid,694.
30.Ibid.
31.Definitionofsignature.Dorland'sillustratedmedicaldictionary,25thed.Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders,1974.
32.PachterHM.Magicintoscience.ThestoryofParacelsus.NewYork:HenrySchuman,1951:80.
33.Ibid,80.
34.James TS. An introduction to the doctrine of signatures. Ibiblio: www.ibiblio.org.london /herbalreferences/ LYSATORftpsite/medicinal/
uses/signature_doctrine,1995.
35.BoehmeJ.Thesignatureofallthings.Cambridge:JamesClarke&Co.Ltd.,1969.
36.CrolliusO.Treatiseofsignaturesofinternalthings.InThompsonCJS.Magicandhealing.NewYork:BellPublishingCompany,1989:92.
37.ThompsonCJS.Magicandhealing.NewYork:BellPublishingCompany,1989:9495.
38.Ibid,118.
paragraph108.
41.HahnemannS.MateriaMedicaPura,translatedbyR.E.Dudgeon.Vol.1,Liverpool,London:HahnemannPublishingHouse,1880:3.
42.HogelandACH.FivedaysoflearninginHolland.HomeopathicLinks,Winter200114(4):248.
43.ScholtenJ.Ferrum,excerptfromHomeopathyandtheelements.SimillimumFall199710(3):10310.
44.St.JohnG.TheMilkRemedies.ReportonapresentationbyNancyHerrick,PA.HomeopathyToday200121(1):45.
45.VanderZeeH.Themesofthecucurbitaceae.HomeopathicLinks199912(5):286287.
46.HerrickN.IndangerIfeelpeacefulinside!HomeopathicLinks19969:161.
47.BriggsD.DeborahCollinsinNewZealand.HomeopathicLinks,Autumn19969(3):163.
48.SankaranR.Lettertotheeditor.HomeopathicLinks,Spring200013(1):21.
49.ScholtenJ.Myexperienceisdifferent.HomeopathicLinks,Spring200013(1):24.
50.SankaranR.Aprotocolforprovings.HomeopathicLinks19958(1):1517.
51.SankaranR.Thesubstanceofhomopathy.Bombay:HomeopathicMedicalPublishers,1994:6271.
54.DunhamC.Homopathythescienceoftherapeutics.AmericanHomeopathicReview18623:210.
55.VanZandwoort.CompleteMilleniumRepertory.Version2.3.November2001.
57.Ibid,284290.
60.Ibid,5.
61.Ibid,144.
62.WichmannJ.Definingadifferenttraditionforhomeopathy.HomeopathicLinks200214(4):202203.
63.SankaranR.Thespiritofhomopathy.Bombay:Selfpublished,1991:217.
64.MureB.Doctrinedel'coledeRiodeJaneiroetpathognsiebrsilienne.Paris:Al'InstitutHomopathique,1849:163200.
66.MureB.Doctrinedel'coledeRiodeJaneiroetpathognsiebrsilienne.Paris:Al'InstitutHomopathique,1849:163200.
67.HempelC.BenoistMure'sMateriaMedica.NewYork:WilliamRadde,1854:65101.
69.Ibid,219.
70.LentinJP.Jepensedoncjemetrompe.Paris:EditionsAlbinMichel,1994.
72.HempelC.BenoistMure'sMateriaMedica.NewYork:WilliamRadde,1854:6566.
73.SankaranR.Thesoulofremedies.Bombay:HomeopathicMedicalPublishers,1997:94.
77.Ibid.
78.HeringC.Analyticalrepertoryofthesymptomsofthemind.Secondedition.Philadelphia:AmericanHomeopathicPublishingSociety,1881:
1213.
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80.DudleyP.Editor'spreface.Thechronicdiseases,theirpeculiarnatureandtheirhomopathiccurebySamuelHahnemann.Translatedby
LouisTafel.Vol.1.Philadelphia:Boericke&Tafel,1896:97.
82.LippeA.Thelastdepartureofhomopathyinthephysiologicallivery.CincinnatiMedicalAdvance18764:4044.
paragraph143.
84.Ibid,paragraph145a.
85.Hahnemann S. The medical observer. In the Materia Medica Pura, translated by R. E. Dudgeon. Vol. 2, Liverpool, London: Hahnemann
PublishingHouse,1880:4042.
paragraph1.
87.Ibid,paragraph2.
91.Ibid,paragraph6.
92.Ibid,paragraph147,153.
94.Ibid,paragraph147,153.
95.Ibid,paragraph3.
Thisarticlewasaresponsetoalettersignedbytwentyoneprominentteachersofhomeopathy,whichwaspublishedinHomeopathyToday,May
200121(5):2122.Toreadtheletterofthetwentyonecosigners,clickhere.
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Drawing A Line in The Sand - Homeopathy or Not Homeopathy

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