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    Evidence Based Medicine

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    Kathleen Robles
    Evidence based medicine uses evidence from published sources to improve patient outcomes. There are two types of evidence: primary evidence gathered directly by authors through experiments or clinical trials, and secondary evidence gathered from other published sources, like meta-analyses. When reviewing literature, different levels or grades of evidence are considered based on factors like whether results are from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case reports, expert opinions, or syntheses of multiple studies. Higher levels of evidence come from well-designed studies and trials that are less likely to have biases influence results.

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    Evidence Based Medicine

    Uploaded by

    Kathleen Robles
    191 views2 pages
    Evidence based medicine uses evidence from published sources to improve patient outcomes. There are two types of evidence: primary evidence gathered directly by authors through experiments or clinical trials, and secondary evidence gathered from other published sources, like meta-analyses. When reviewing literature, different levels or grades of evidence are considered based on factors like whether results are from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case reports, expert opinions, or syntheses of multiple studies. Higher levels of evidence come from well-designed studies and trials that are less likely to have biases influence results.

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    Evidence-Based

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    Evidence based medicine uses evidence from published sources to improve patient outcomes. There are two types of evidence: primary evidence gathered directly by authors through experiments or clinical trials, and secondary evidence gathered from other published sources, like meta-analyses. When reviewing literature, different levels or grades of evidence are considered based on factors like whether results are from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case reports, expert opinions, or syntheses of multiple studies. Higher levels of evidence come from well-designed studies and trials that are less likely to have biases influence results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    191 views2 pages

    Evidence Based Medicine

    Uploaded by

    Kathleen Robles
    Evidence based medicine uses evidence from published sources to improve patient outcomes. There are two types of evidence: primary evidence gathered directly by authors through experiments or clinical trials, and secondary evidence gathered from other published sources, like meta-analyses. When reviewing literature, different levels or grades of evidence are considered based on factors like whether results are from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case reports, expert opinions, or syntheses of multiple studies. Higher levels of evidence come from well-designed studies and trials that are less likely to have biases influence results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Evidence Based Medicine

    Use of Evidence-based Resources by Clinicians


    Improves Patient Outcomes or Care
    Evidence is a fact or a knowledge that is
    published and is accessible
    Two types of evidence:
    a. Primary Author himself gathered
    the data from his or her own
    experiment.
    e.g. Authors did a CBC on his own
    class
    b. Secondary Author gathered the
    data from another source.
    e.g. Meta analysis
    Authors
    gathered
    hospital
    record for platelet
    In review of related literature there are
    numbers codes:
    Levels of
    Definition
    evidence
    Ia
    Evidence from Meta-analysis
    of Randomized Controlled
    Trials
    A lot of sources
    Meta analysis data from
    different authors
    Ib
    Evidence from at least one
    Randomized Controlled Trial
    One source
    IIa
    Evidence from at least one
    well designed controlled trial
    which is not randomized
    Case control No
    intervention or
    observational study in trial
    IIb
    Evidence from at least one
    well designed experimental
    trial
    There is intervention or
    manipulation in trial
    III
    Evidence
    from
    case,
    correlation, and comparative
    studies
    IV
    Evidence from a panel of
    experts

    Background information
    No clinical or experimental trial
    For example tawa tawa can increase
    platelet, tight tourniquet can cause
    hematoma
    Unfiltered information
    Single trials, which are not peer, reviewed
    Case controlled studies or report
    Not all case report are single report
    For example Case report for dengue with
    normal platelet
    Not all case report are reliable especially on
    rare diseases
    For example Case report for E bola
    Cohort
    Follow up study
    Takes years for the study to be finished
    Randomized controlled trials
    Filtered information
    Validated trials which are peer reviewed
    Critically appraised individual articles
    Article synopses
    Same line of experiments are done
    Peer reviewed journals
    Critically appraised topics
    Evidence synthesis
    Journals with meta analysis
    Several trials have been done to prove the
    validity
    Systemic review
    It has already took in several researches
    Clinical practice guidelines
    Methodological quality for selecting journals

    Who performed the study


    How they did the methodology
    Criteria for inclusion and exclusion
    Outcome measures parameter they look
    into
    Statistical test used
    When looking for a good review of related
    literature, one must consider:
    PICO
    Population or patient group
    Intervention
    Comparison or alternate intervention
    Outcome or reason for using intervention
    PECOT
    Patient or problem
    Exposure (intervention)
    Comparator
    Outcome
    Time
    Grading the quality of evidence

    Level of evidence
    Consistency of results across various
    studies
    Directness of comparisons
    Precision-of-effect estimates
    Level of evidence:
    High:
    Appropriate design for the question
    Well conducted in representative
    populations
    Free from design-related biases.
    Moderate:
    Design-related biases
    Low:
    Wrongly designed and conducted
    High likelihood that its conclusions grossly
    biased and misleading.

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