Solved MDOF Example PDF

Earthquake Engineering
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example
Use:
Esteel = 29,000 ksi
Ic = 164.8 in4
h1 = 15 ft
h2 = 12 ft
m=
W lb 40 ft 30 ft
lb s 2
kip s 2
= 30 2
=
93
.
17
=
0
.
09317
g ft 386.4 in s 2
in
in
12EI
EI 48EIc
k column = 3 c k floor i = 412 3c =
h 3i
hi
hi
40 ft
30 ft
Plan View
(a) For the two-story building shown above, define the two-degree-of-freedom free vibration matrix
equation in terms of k and m. Using this matrix equation, determine the natural frequencies 1 and 2
(in terms of k and m). Using these expressions for 1 and 2, plug in numerical values and determine 1
and 2 in radians. For each natural frequency, define and sketch the corresponding mode shape.
(b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected.
(c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0
(d) Use the normalized first mode (from above) to verify that 1Tk1 = 12
(e) Use the El Centro Response Spectrum and a damping ratio of 5% to estimate the maximum base shear
and moment.
(f) Find a 0 and a 1 in c = a 0 m + a 1k for a viscous damping of 5% in modes 1 and 2.
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4

k1 =
=
= 39.335 kip in
h13
(180 in )3
k2 =
48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4

=
= 76.826 kip in
h23
(144 in )3
m = 0.09317
kip s 2
in
Write the equation of motion in matrix form:
3m 0 u1 k1 + k 2
0 m u + k
2
2
k 2 u1 0
=
k 2 u2 0
= 2u and rearrange to get

substitute in u
k1 + k 2 2 3m
k 2 u1 0
=
k 2 2 m u2 0
k2
Take the determinant and set equal to zero
k1 + k 2 2 3m
k2
=0
k2
k2 2 m
3m 2 4 mk1 2 4mk 2 2 + k1k 2 = 0

substituting k1, k2, and m:
0.0260419467 4 - 32.2963556 2 + 3021.95071 = 0
Solving this quadratic equation for 2 yields
12 =
+ 32.2963556 1 043.05459 314.789917

0.0520838934
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser

+ 32.2963556 + 1 043.05459 314.789917
22 =
0.0520838934
or,
rad 2
= 101.95 2
s
rad 2
22 = 1138 2
s
2
1
rad
s
rad
2 = 33.734
s
1 = 10.097
1
= 1.607 Hz
2
f 2 = 2 = 5.369 Hz
2
1
= 0.6223 Sec
f1
1
T2 =
= 0.1863 Sec
f2
f1 =
T1 =
Determining 1st Mode Shape:
k1 + k 2 12 3m
k 2 11 0
Plug k1, k2, m, and 1 = 10.097 rad/sec into
=
2
k
k
m
2
2
1
21 0
39.335 + 76.826 10.097 2 (3 0.09317 )

11 0
76.826
=
76.826
76.826 10.097 2 (0.09317 ) 21 0
87.665 76.826 11 0
76.826 67.327 = 0
21
87.66511 76.82621 = 0
let 21 = 1 , then
87.66511 76.826(1) = 0
11 =
76.826
= 0.876
87.665
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
0.876
= 11 =
21 1.000
Determining 2nd Mode Shape:
k + k 22 3m
k 2 12 0
Plug k1, k2, m, and 2 = 33.734 rad/sec into 1 2
=
k2
k 2 22 m 22 0
39.335 + 76.826 33.734 2 (3 0.09317 )

12 0
76.826
=
2
76.826
76.826 33.734 (0.09317 ) 22 0
201.917 76.826 12 0
76.826 29.200 = 0
22
201.91712 76.82622 = 0
let 22 = 1 , then
201.91712 76.826(1) = 0
12 =
76.826
= 0.380
201.917
0.380
= 12 =
22 1.000
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
30
30
22 = 1.000
25
25
20
20
height (ft)
height (ft)
21 = 1.000
15
11 = 0.876
12 = -0.380
15
10
10
0
0
0.5
-0.5
1.5
st
0.5
1.5
nd
1 Mode Shape
2 Mode Shape
(b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected.
T
T
To verify that the modes are orthogonal, need to show that
i m j =
i k
T
1m
T
1k
= 0 , for ij
0 0.380
(3)0.09317
2 0.380
= [0.876 1]
= 0 .024485 9.317 x10

=0
0
0.09317 1
39.335 + 76.826 76.826 0.380

0.380
= [0.876 1]
= [24.9310 9.5264]
=0
76.826 1
76.826
1
T
Can also show
2m
= T
2k
=0
(c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0

T
1m
0 0.876
(3)0.09317
= [0.876 1]
= 0.30766
0
0.09317 1
Divide 1 by
0.30766 , therefore
1.5793
= 11 =
21 1.8029
T
Check:
1m

0 1.5793
(3)0.09317
= [1.5793 1.8029]
= 1.00
0
0.09317 1.8029
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
ok
(d) Use the normalized first mode (from above) to verify that 1Tk1 = 12
T
1k
2
39.335 + 76.826 76.826 1.5793
rad 2
rad
2
= [1.5793 1.8029]
= 1
= 101.950 2 = 10.097
76.826 1.8029
s
s
76.826
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
(e) Use the El Centro Response Spectrum and a damping ratio of 5% to estimate the maximum base shear and
moment.
From Response Spectrum:

For T1 = 0.622 sec and = 5%, D1 = 2.8 in. and A1 = 0.8g = 309.12 in/s2
For T2 = 0.0.186 sec and = 5%, D2 = 0.31 in. and A2 = 0.9g = 347.76 in/s2
f jn =
Ln
An m j jn
Mn
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
Li
=
Mi
ji
2
ji
j =1
2
j =1
L1
=
M1
j1
2
j1
j =1
2
j =1
(0.27951)(0.876) + (0.09317 )(1) = 1.0987

m111 + m221
=
2
2
m111 + m221 (0.27951)(0.876)2 + (0.09317 )(1)2
(0.27951)( 0.380) + (0.09317 )(1) = 0.0977

m112 + m222
=
2
2
m112 + m222 (0.27951)( 0.380 )2 + (0.09317 )(1)2
L2
=
M2
j2
2
j2
j =1
2
j =1
f11 =
L1
in
kip s 2
(0.876 ) = 83.159 kips

A1m111 = (1.0987 ) 309.12 2 0.27951
M1
s
in
f12 =
L2
in
kip s 2
( 0.380) = 3.609 kips

A2 m112 = ( 0.0977 ) 347.76 2 0.27951
M2
s
in
f 21 =
L1
in
kip s 2
(1) = 31.643 kips

A1m221 = (1.0987 ) 309.12 2 0.09317
M1
s
in
f 22 =
L2
in
kip s 2
(1) = 3.166 kips

A2 m222 = ( 0.0977 ) 347.76 2 0.09317
M2
s
in
Base Shear
N
V0 n = f jn
j =1
V01 = f j1 = f11 + f 21 = 83.159 kips + 31.643 kips = 114.80 kips

j =1
V02 = f j 2 = f12 + f 22 = 3.609 kips 3.166 kips = 0.443 kips

j =1
Calculate Maximum Base Shear, V0 max

8
Ahmed Elgamal
Michael Fraser
(V01 )2 + (V02 )2
V0 max =
(114.80 kips )2 + (0.443 kips )2
= 114.80 kips
Base Moment
N
M 0 n = f jn d j
j =1
M 01 = f j1d j = f11d1 + f 21d 2 = 83.159 kips(180 in ) + 31.643 kips(324 in ) = 25221.0 kips in

j =1
M 02 = f j 2 d j = f12 d1 + f 22 d 2 = 3.609 kips(180 in ) 3.166 kips(324 in ) = 376.16 kips in

j =1
Calculate Maximum Base Moment, M0 max

M 0 max =
(M 01 )2 + (M 02 )2
(25221.0 kips in )2 + ( 376.16 kips in )2
= 25223.8 kips in = 2102.0 kips ft
(f) Find a 0 and a 1 in c = a 0 m + a 1k for a viscous damping of 5% in modes 1 and 2.

1 = 2 = = 0.05
a0 =
a1 =
2i j
i + j
= (0.05)
2(10.097 rad s )(33.734 rad s )

= 0.777 rad s
10.097 rad s + 33.734 rad s
2
2
1
= (0.05)
= 0.00228
10.097 rad s + 33.734 rad s
i + j
rad s
a0 = 0.777 rad s & a1 = 0.00228 s rad

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Earthquake Engineering

48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4

48 EI c 48(29000 ksi ) 164.8 in 4

Write the equation of motion in matrix form:

= 2u and rearrange to get

Take the determinant and set equal to zero

3m 2 4 mk1 2 4mk 2 2 + k1k 2 = 0

+ 32.2963556 1 043.05459 314.789917

Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

Determining 1st Mode Shape:

39.335 + 76.826 10.097 2 (3 0.09317 )

Determining 2nd Mode Shape:

39.335 + 76.826 33.734 2 (3 0.09317 )

(b) Verify that the modes are orthogonal as expected.

= 0 .024485 9.317 x10

39.335 + 76.826 76.826 0.380

(c) Normalize the first mode such that 1Tm1 = 1.0

Solved MDOF and Modal Analysis Example

From Response Spectrum:

(0.27951)(0.876) + (0.09317 )(1) = 1.0987

(0.27951)( 0.380) + (0.09317 )(1) = 0.0977

(0.876 ) = 83.159 kips

( 0.380) = 3.609 kips

(1) = 31.643 kips

(1) = 3.166 kips

V01 = f j1 = f11 + f 21 = 83.159 kips + 31.643 kips = 114.80 kips

V02 = f j 2 = f12 + f 22 = 3.609 kips 3.166 kips = 0.443 kips

Calculate Maximum Base Shear, V0 max

(114.80 kips )2 + (0.443 kips )2

M 01 = f j1d j = f11d1 + f 21d 2 = 83.159 kips(180 in ) + 31.643 kips(324 in ) = 25221.0 kips in

M 02 = f j 2 d j = f12 d1 + f 22 d 2 = 3.609 kips(180 in ) 3.166 kips(324 in ) = 376.16 kips in

Calculate Maximum Base Moment, M0 max

(25221.0 kips in )2 + ( 376.16 kips in )2

= 25223.8 kips in = 2102.0 kips ft

(f) Find a 0 and a 1 in c = a 0 m + a 1k for a viscous damping of 5% in modes 1 and 2.

2(10.097 rad s )(33.734 rad s )

a0 = 0.777 rad s & a1 = 0.00228 s rad

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