ANZ RESEARCH

NEW ZEALAND ECONOMICS

MARKET FOCUS
A HAPPY ENDING

19 December 2016

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

INSIDE
Economic Overview
Data Preview
Interest Rate Strategy
Currency Strategy
Data Event Calendar
Local Data Watch
Key Forecasts

2
6
7
8
9
11
12

NZ ECONOMICS TEAM
Cameron Bagrie
Chief Economist
Telephone: +64 4 802 2212
E-mail: [email protected]
Twitter @ANZ_cambagrie
Philip Borkin
Senior Economist
Telephone: +64 9 357 4065
Email: [email protected]
David Croy
Senior Rates Strategist
Telephone: +64 4 576 1022
E-mail: [email protected]
Kyle Uerata
Economist
Telephone: +64 4 802 2357
E-mail: [email protected]
Con Williams
Rural Economist
Telephone: +64 4 802 2361
E-mail: [email protected]
Sharon Zllner
Senior Economist
Telephone: +64 9 357 4094
E-mail: [email protected]

September quarter data this week should provide a nice snapshot on the state of the
economy, which we believe is solid: decent GDP growth with a contained current
account deficit. That goes to the heart of our latest economic forecasts, which show
that while activity growth is likely to moderate over the course of 2017 as natural
headwinds build, we are not talking a full-blown downturn. The global scene remains
a key risk but the economy does not have the internal imbalances (excesses) weve
seen before at this stage of the cycle that can demand the piper is paid. In other
data, dairy prices may rise further, while trade figures are expected to show a small
monthly deficit. Net migration figures will undoubtedly remain strong, while credit
growth and new mortgage lending will likely cool further.
DATA PREVIEW Q3 GDP & BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
The Q3 GDP and balance of payments data will provide a decent summary of the
state of the economy. Growth momentum should be strong (with annual growth
accelerating towards 4%), but importantly, not contribute to a meaningful
deterioration in external imbalances.
INTEREST RATE STRATEGY
Short-end rates continue to drift higher, despite being well above what we would
consider to be reasonable levels. As such we expect rates to drift lower into the
holidays. The US bond market has interpreted the Feds message as hawkish, and
US Treasury bond yields have gone even higher. The reaction thus far seems
broadly appropriate and looking ahead we expect yields to continue gradually
moving up. This will add ongoing pressure to steepen the NZGS yield curve.
Inflation-linked bond breakevens look set to continue to rise. Expect NZ/US spreads
to compress.
CURRENCY STRATEGY
The USD remains in the drivers seat with the NZD along for the ride. This weeks
data dump should be NZD supportive but that looks set to be usurped by a USD that
is yet to peak. We expect the NZD to hold better ground against the other crosses
and the TWI to hold at elevated levels. NZD/AUD is on track for new highs.
THE ANZ HEATMAP
Variable

GDP

Unemployment
rate

This is our last

OCR

Market Focus

for the year.

Our first edition for
2017 will be on
Monday 16 January.
We would like to wish
our readers a safe and
enjoyable festive
season.

CPI

View

Comment

Risk profile (change to view)

3.4% y/y
for 2017
Q2

The economy is recording decent

momentum, and we expect that to
generally continue at least over
the first part of 2017. Downside
risk mainly stems from offshore.

Neutral

4.7% for
2017 Q2

The unemployment rate should

continue to trend lower. Wage
inflation is contained, in part due
to strong labour supply growth.

1.75% by
Jun 2017

1.4% y/y
for 2017
Q2

With strong growth, capacity

pressures emerging and inflation
past its lows, further OCR cuts
would now be hard to justify.
Headline inflation is past its lows,
with base effects seeing it return
to the target mid-point shortly.
Domestic and core inflation should
also gradually lift.

Negative

Positive
Neutral

Negative

Positive

Neutral

Up

Down
Neutral

Negative

Positive

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 2 of 15

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
SUMMARY

WHATS THE VIEW?

September quarter data this week should provide a

nice snapshot on the state of the economy, which we
believe is solid: decent GDP growth with a contained
current account deficit. That goes to the heart of our
latest economic forecasts, which show that while
activity growth is likely to moderate over the course
of 2017 as natural headwinds build, we are not
talking a full-blown downturn. The global scene
remains a key risk but the economy does not have
the internal imbalances (excesses) weve seen before
at this stage of the cycle that can demand the piper
is paid. In other data, dairy prices may rise further,
while trade figures are expected to show a small
monthly deficit. Net migration figures will
undoubtedly remain strong, while credit growth and
new mortgage lending will likely cool further.

Last week we released our latest Economic

Outlook publication. Below is a quick summary of
some of the key points.

FORTHCOMING EVENTS
ANZ Business Outlook December (1:00pm,
Monday, 19 December).
Food Price Index November (10:45am,
Tuesday, 20 December). Further seasonal weakness
in fruit and vegetable prices should drive the overall
index lower.
GlobalDairyTrade Auction (early am, Wednesday,
21 December). Competing themes make calling this
one tricky. If auction prices can hold steady then a
milk price around the mid-$6/kg MS beckons
International Travel & Migration November
(10:45am, Wednesday, 21 December). While the
next month or two may see a near-term hit from the
earthquake, these figures should remain strong.
Overseas Merchandise Trade November
(10:45am, Wednesday, 21 December). We have
pencilled in a monthly unadjusted deficit of ~ $500m.
RBNZ New Residential Mortgage Lending
November (3:00pm, Wednesday 21 December). The
slowing trend experienced over the past few months
is likely to have continued.
GDP Q3 (10:45am, Thursday, 22 December). We
expect growth of 1.0% q/q, which would lift annual
growth to near 4%. Manufacturing and services
sector activity leads the way.
Balance of Payments Q3 (10:45am, Thursday,
22 December). The current account deficit looks set
to remain well below its historical average at around
3% of GDP.
RBNZ Credit Aggregates November (3:00pm,
Thursday, 22 December). Credit growth is past its
peak, and is expected to continue to soften over the
months ahead.

As we look towards 2017, the economy is

growing briskly. We estimate the economy grew
around 3% over 2016 and forward indicators such
as our own confidence composite and financial
conditions gauges suggest that a similar pace of
annualised growth (if not a little stronger) is on track
for at least the first half of 2017.
The drivers of this growth are reasonably
familiar, and we expect them to generally
persist. Strong population growth on the back of
record net migrant inflows is boosting demand. The
construction sector pipeline remains large (with the
damage resulting from the latest earthquakes
creating another source of impetus), even if capacity
and capital are becoming increasingly constraining
factors. The strengthening labour market is
supporting household confidence and consumption,
as are historically low borrowing costs. The tourism
sector is booming. Prospects in the dairy sector have
improved as prices have recovered and non-dairy
agriculture sectors continue to perform strongly. The
terms of trade looks to be at, or near, its cyclical low,
with the outlook now one of modest improvement,
supporting national incomes (and income growth).
While we can identify some worrying signs that
would typically foreshadow a downturn
(excessive credit growth, overvalued house prices,
deteriorating household saving, poor productivity
growth etc), we believe the economy is more
internally balanced this time around. This is
because external imbalances are contained, a
housing boom has not turned into a consumption
boom, domestic inflation pressures remain low,
meaning the RBNZ is not actively trying to slow the
economy yet, the regulatory framework has been
tightening (LVR restrictions), and financial institutions
are actively leaning against the top of the cycle given
funding pressures.
That wont stop growth from slowing (in fact we
see it easing from 3%-4% towards 3% over 2017).
But we are talking about moderation (a gallop
to a canter) as opposed to a full-blown
downturn. Growth is forecast to moderate on the
back of capacity constraints (finding skilled labour is
now the biggest problem facing firms), a turn in the
credit cycle as credit growth eases to a more
sustainable pace, tighter financial conditions and a
cooler housing market. It is therefore a moderation
that we see as natural and healthy in order to avoid

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 3 of 15

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
the widespread excesses that typically emerge at this
point in the cycle.
FIGURE 1: REAL GDP GROWTH
8

Forecasts

4
2
0
-2
-4
90

92

94 96 98 00 02 04
Quarterly % change

06 08 10 12 14
Annual % change

16

18

Source: ANZ, Statistics NZ

The inflation cycle is turning upwards. Base

effects from a stabilisation in oil prices alone are
expected to see headline inflation return to the
RBNZs target band in Q4 for the first time in over
two years. But more fundamentally, inflation
pressures are building (and are expected to continue
to build) as the economy increasingly butts up
against capacity headwinds. While deflationary
pressures remain (elevated NZD, global excess
capacity, leverage, technology), we think traditional
demand-pull forces are re-exerting themselves. After
returning to the target band in Q4, headline inflation
is forecast to reach 2% by early 2018. Non-tradable
inflation is forecast to have risen above 3% over the
same period.
We expect the RBNZ to start gradually removing
stimulus by mid-2018. We forecast 50bps of OCR
hikes over 2018, lifting the cash rate to 2.25%.
However, we currently see the risk skewed towards
earlier action and would not completely rule out
RBNZ hikes in the second half of 2017.
Global growth and inflation are forecast to
gradually trend higher, with the baton shifting
from ultra-stimulatory monetary policy to fiscal policy
and signs of reflation appearing across the
commodity complex. However, uncertainty is high
and we expect a volatile few years. The world is
awash with numerous risks and challenges: politics
(courtesy of the anger vote), mispriced risk,
excessive leverage amidst rising interest rates,
demographics (which are slowing growth), poor
productivity growth and overvalued asset prices.
With regard to the primary sector outlook, the
cyclical upturn in international soft commodities
has strengthened, with further momentum
expected into the New Year. Supply dynamics and

renewed Chinese demand for certain products are the

main drivers. Dairy revenue is lifting, with gains in
international prices offsetting lower production. Meat
and fibre production is also lower, which, combined
with other sector-specific dynamics, is expected to
support prices. Forestry is experiencing a good run,
which is expected to extend. Horticulture prices look
fairly robust, but crop sizes currently look set to be
more variable in 2017.
On interest and exchange rates we note, US
Treasury bond yields have broken higher,
bringing an end to a 35-year bull run. It is
natural for markets to expect yields to rise as global
policy tilts from central bank stimulus (bond buying)
to expansionary fiscal policy (bond selling), but we do
not expect this to give way to a full-blown bear
market. Rather, we expect bond yields to rise
gradually, taking New Zealand long-term rates with
them. With the OCR on hold, anchoring the short
end, steeper yield curves beckon. In currency
markets, we expect the NZD to decline gradually,
with USD strength driving the NZD/USD lower more
rapidly than NZD/AUD and the other major NZD
crosses.
Turning to the week ahead, the delayed GDP
and Balance of Payments data for Q3 are the
main focal points and should once again paint a
decent picture of the current health of the
economy. Our full preview of the data is on page 6,
but we again expect them to show solid activity
growth but with a contained current account deficit
a somewhat unusual combination for New Zealand
historically. Typically, strong growth has been
accompanied by a sharply wider current account
deficit, so the fact that it is not this time goes to the
heart of why our outlook for growth (discussed
above) is one of the moderation and not a sharp
downturn.
We expect GDP growth of 1.0% q/q, which
would represent the fifth consecutive quarter
around that pace. It would lift annual growth to
near 4%, and so would certainly be consistent with
the strong signal provided by the likes of our
Confidence Composite gauge. While growth in
primary production looks as though it has been
modest over the quarter, strong growth looks to have
been recorded by the likes of manufacturing and
services-based activity (which in many ways reflects
strong population growth).
The current account deficit is expected to
remain below 3% of GDP. We see both the
seasonally adjusted balance and the annual balance
remaining broadly unchanged at their Q2 levels (of
$1.9bn and 2.9% of GDP respectively). That should

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 4 of 15

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
help to keep external balance sheet metrics
contained as well.

equivalent USD3,400/t) the chances of WMP prices

being able to hold or extend will look better.

There are a number of competing themes in the

dairy market at the moment making it difficult
to judge whether price gains will extend
further, or whether there will be some
moderation. Accordingly, NZX futures market
suggest little change for WMP and a slight gain for
GDT-TWI (largely courtesy of an 11% lift for SMP).

All up if auction prices can hold steady then a

milk price around the mid-$6/kg MS beckons in
2016/17. If they extend further then there could be
additional upside toward $6.75/kg MS. Watch for an
early Christmas present from Fonterra in the form of
a milk price upgrade.

On the positive side of the ledger Chinese domestic

raw milk supply reportedly remains tight with
farm-gate prices rising in some regions and spot WMP
trading into the USD4000/t plus. This, combined with
stronger Middle-East/Africa participation at the last
auction suggests price gains could extend into Q1
2017. Supply of WMP also remains tight out of New
Zealand, but it has some valuation challenges against
the SMP/milkfat stream and European product.
On the other side it is unclear whether earlier-bought
product arriving in China from now on (for FTA
window) and a seasonal lift in domestic raw milk
supply will reduce internal pressures, impacting spot
market dynamics. The robustness of Middle
East/African demand if prices push even higher
is also uncertain. The strength of the Algerian
tender in January and how oil markets fare will offer
clues. The other factors are an anticipated general
improvement in milk supply conditions with higher
farm-gate returns across the globe, and USD
strength.
Fonterra obviously see this valuation gap (between
WMP and SMP/milkfat) persisting in the short term
and tactically have added extra WMP over coming
GDT auctions (+5000 t) to take advantage of current
market conditions. However, with New Zealand milk
supply remaining tight they have reduced the
SMP/milkfat stream (-9130 t). We doubt New
Zealands milk supply will remain as tight as
suggested (Fonterra forecast -7%, implies an 8%
fall over the remainder of the season), but with
overall inventory levels tight extra product is
unlikely to be added to the GDT platform before
the autumn.
The reduction in SMP supply is expected to
support prices (NZX futures +11%); however,
globally there remains an oversupply and New
Zealand product is trading at a premium (due to
shortage and contractual relationships). With reduced
GDT supply this weeks auction will provide a good
guide as to how much further stretch there could be
for those who prefer Oceania supply. If SMP prices do
hit the levels implied by the futures market (WMP

The International Travel & Migration figures for

November are unlikely to throw up many
surprises; they should be strong. The net inflow
of 6,240 migrants (seasonally adjusted) in October
was the second-largest net inflow on record, following
the largest net inflow in September, and we wouldnt
be surprised to see a number around this level. While
it is possible that the latest earthquake dents inflows
a touch over the months ahead, we doubt that
impact will last long. And the reality is that with
ongoing economic outperformance and political
shenanigans offshore, we expect New Zealand will
remain a popular destination for migrants (and New
Zealanders).
It should be the same for visitor arrivals. The
earthquakes may have some impact over the months
ahead, but we expect the underlying trend to remain
strong (capacity constraints notwithstanding),
particularly when you consider that next year 29
different international airlines (ex-cargo) will be flying
to New Zealand, up from just 19 in 2014.
FIGURE 2. INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES FLYING TO
NEW ZEALAND (EX CARGO)
30

Including recent
announcements

25
20
15
10
5
0
92

94

96

98

Europe/Middle East

00

02

04

Americas

06
Asia

08

10

Pacific

12

14

16

Australia/NZ

Source: ANZ, Ministry of Transport

Overseas trade figures for November are

expected to show a small monthly deficit. We
have pencilled in a deficit of close to $500 million,
which would not be too far from the average
November deficit experienced over the past five
years. However, within the figures we are expecting
to see further gradual signs of improvement after the

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 5 of 15

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
deficit narrowed from close to $600m to $300m in
seasonally adjusted terms in October. Certainly,
there are a number of moving parts to consider
(weather, NZD, primary sector inventories, import
prices, trading partner performance etc), but we do
believe that the improvement in export commodity
prices will see the trade accounts show some modest
improvement over the months ahead.
FIGURE 3: NZ EXPORTS AND COMMODITY PRICES
14

225

13
12
11

$bn

Index

175

9
8

150

7
6

100
92

94

96

98

00

02

04

06

Exports (3mth total, LHS)

08

10

12

14

16

NZD Commodity Prices (RHS)

Source: ANZ, Statistics NZ

Figures on both new residential mortgage

lending and the overall stock of housing credit
should show a continued cooling. On the back of
LVR restrictions and increased bank credit rationing
new residential mortgage lending has been slowing
over the past few months. In October, total new
lending was down 8.3% on 12 months prior, with
investor lending unsurprisingly slowing
particularly sharply (down from a share of 37% in
July to 27% in October). That slowing in new lending
is also now feeding through into slower growth in the
overall stock of housing credit, which rose just 0.6%
m/m in October the softest growth in seven
months. Both trends are expected to continue over
the months ahead and into 2017.
FIGURE 4: NEW MORTGAGE LENDING AND HOUSING
CREDIT GROWTH
8.0

2.0
1.8

7.0

1.4

6.0

1.2
5.0

1.0
0.8

4.0

0.6
0.4

3.0

0.2

2.0

0.0
06

08

10

12

14

16

Increase in housing credit (LHS)

New mortgage lending (adv 6 mths, RHS)

Source: ANZ, RBNZ

$b sa (3m avg)

$b sa (3m avg)

1.6

BNZ-BusinessNZ PMI November. The index

eased 0.7pts to 54.4.
Building Work Put In Place Q3. The volume of
building work rose 1.4% q/q, led by a 2.4% q/q
increase in residential work.

BNZ-BusinessNZ PSI November. The

Performance of Services Index lifted from an
upwardly revised 56.6 to 57.9.
Building Consent Issuance October. Total
dwelling consent issuance rose 2.6% m/m. The trend
in housing consents is softening more than for multidwelling units.

125

5
4

ANZ Economic Survey of Manufacturing Q3.

Total sales volumes rose 2.1% q/q, with core sales
increasing 2.3% q/q.

ANZ-Roy Morgan Consumer Confidence

December. Headline confidence fell from 127.2 to
124.5.

200

10

LOCAL DATA

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 6 of 15

DATA PREVIEW
SUMMARY
The Q3 GDP and balance of payments data will
provide a decent summary of the state of the
economy. Growth momentum should be strong (with
annual growth accelerating towards 4%), but
importantly, not contribute to a meaningful
deterioration in external imbalances.
CURRENT ACCOUNT 2016Q3
(Thursday 22 December, 10.45am)
Current Account

ANZ

Market

Quarter (nsa)

-$4,830m

-$4,894m

Quarter (sa)

-$1,940m

--

Annual

-7.4bn

% of GDP

-2.9%

-3.0%

In line with the typical seasonal pattern, the

unadjusted current account will widen sharply
in Q3. We expect a deficit of slightly over $4.8bn,
which is on par with the figure recorded 12 months
prior. As such, we see the annual deficit holding at
2.9% of GDP, well below its historical average
(3.7%).
In seasonally adjusted terms, we expect the
deficit to widen a touch, with some offsetting
movements at the component level. The goods
deficit is expected to widen modestly as export
values ease on lower prices and modest volume
growth, while the services balance is expected to
largely unwind Q2s deterioration to sit at a similar
level as in Q1 (on a bounce-back in tourist spending).
The income deficit is expected to narrow modestly on
weaker bank profitability and also as the secondary
income balance mean-reverts (although there is
plenty of uncertainty around the latter).
This contained current account balance
reinforces the economys structural health. The
fact the economy is growing strongly (set to be
confirmed by subsequent GDP figures) and yet the
current account deficit sits below historical averages
highlights a far less vulnerable economic picture than
has been evident in the past. Despite housing and
debt exuberance in some parts, this hasnt broadened
into an economy-wide free-for-all, which has often
been the tendency. This better structural picture
should also be reinforced by key balance sheet ratios
such as external debt to GDP sitting at broadly
similar levels to Q2.
And we dont see much in the way of
deterioration from here. The factors contributing
to this picture (higher national saving, household
spending restraint, altered bank behaviours etc) are
assumed to persist, with the current account deficit
holding around 3% of GDP for the foreseeable future.

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2016Q3

(Thursday 22 December, 10.45am)
GDP

ANZ

RBNZ

Market

Quarterly %

1.0%

0.9%

0.8%

Annual %

3.8%

3.7%

3.6%

Ann. Ave. %

3.2%

3.1%

We expect production-based GDP growth of

1.0% q/q, which would be the fifth consecutive
quarter of growth around this pace, lifting annual
growth to 3.8%. It is also the second consecutive
quarter where we expect primary goods, and services
sector activity to all contribute positively to quarterly
growth (although only modestly so in the case of
primary production).
Led by manufacturing, goods production is
expected to have risen by 1.5% q/q. The
Economic Survey of Manufacturing showed the
largest lift in core sales volumes since 2002,
offsetting an expected small fall in primary food
manufacturing. The construction sector is also
expected to post its fourth consecutive positive
growth contribution (although at a more modest rate
than the prior three quarters).
Services sector activity is expected to expand
1.0% q/q, making a 0.6%pt contribution.
Although housing market activity has softened,
strong population growth is still a key factor
underpinning services sector activity. Professional,
administrative and support services activity is
expected to be especially strong, joined by decent
gains from public administration, and arts and
recreation. Although accommodation and food
services growth is expected to be broadly similar to
the prior two (solid) quarters, retail trade is forecast
to be a touch softer.
The expenditure GDP picture is expected to be a
little mixed. Private consumption should see a
decent step-down from Q2s strong 1.9% q/q growth,
but remain positive. Positive contributions are also
expected from residential and other fixed asset
investment. Inventories are estimated to make a
0.5%pt contribution to growth, largely offsetting an
estimated 0.6%pt drag from net exports.
MARKET IMPLICATIONS
Unless there is a decent downside surprise (like
Australia saw with its equivalent Q3 figures), we
doubt the figures will cause much in the way of
market ripples. Strong domestic economic credentials
(which these numbers will just reinforce) are
reasonably well appreciated by the market now and
are a key reason why we see the NZD continuing to
hold up on a TWI basis.

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 7 of 15

INTEREST RATE STRATEGY

SUMMARY
Short-end rates continue to drift higher, despite being
well above what we would consider to be reasonable
levels given the monetary policy outlook and the
tighter state of financial conditions. While the degree
of capitulation has surprised us, we do believe it is just
that capitulation and as such we expect rates to
drift lower into the holidays. The US bond market has
interpreted the Feds message as hawkish, and US
Treasury bond yields have gone even higher. The
reaction thus far seems broadly appropriate and
looking ahead we expect yields to continue gradually
moving up. This will add ongoing pressure to steepen
the NZGS yield curve. Inflation-linked bond
breakevens continue to rise, and we expect the trend
to continue. With the next NZGS tender a month
away, offshore holdings stable, short-end rates toppy,
and US yields the main driving force for higher yields,
expect NZ/US spreads to compress.
THEMES

Short-end rates have moved even higher as global

rates have increased, despite TWI elevation and
higher retail interest rates. We doubt this will
continue beyond this week as the allure of carry
takes hold.

The Fed has hiked rates and delivered upgraded

forward projections. The market has read this as
hawkish, but our interpretation is that it was as
expected. We do see US bond yields moving
higher, but only gradually from here.

Offshore holdings of NZGS continue to hold up

remarkably well, and there are no real signs of
significant shifts in allocations along the curve.
This apparent comfort should keep a lid on yields.

Curve steepening remains a key theme, and will

be supercharged if we see short-end rates correct
lower, as we expect.

Inflation-linked breakevens continue to perform, in

line with moves seen offshore.

MONETARY POLICY AND SHORT END

We remain of the view that short-end rates are
too high in relation to the macroeconomic

outlook and the state of financial conditions. Granted,

the most recent spike higher did surprise us, leaving
us somewhat coy about maintaining our view.
However, when we consider how elevated the TWI still
is (77.6), and recent rises in retail interest rates, the
conclusion is that financial conditions are tightening,
not loosening. Against a backdrop of early signs of a
cooling housing market, these are hardly reasons
to believe the OCR is going up any time soon
though 4% GDP growth is starting to demand it.
We also note that it was primarily upward moves in US
rates that drove the short end higher. While not
unusual, such drivers are typically temporary, and can
only go against domestic factors for a limited time. All
of that leaves us fairly comfortable that we will see a
reversal as domestic factors and carry considerations
come to the fore over the holidays.
GLOBAL MARKETS AND LONG END
Confirmation of a Fed rate hike and an additional
25bp hike in the Feds dot-plot projections have
seen US yields move to fresh highs. This has, in
turn, driven long-end rates higher here too. While
there is still a gap between market pricing and the
Feds dot plots, uncertainty remains high. We expect
further increases to be more gradual from here. This is
due to a cautious Fed as tighter overall financial
conditions work in tandem with Fed policy.
That still means NZ long-end rates are headed
higher and the curve will steepen too. However,
we note that ongoing strong levels of offshore support
(with non-resident holdings down only $130m in
November, and still close to a record high) and a lack
of fresh supply should keep a lid on spreads, especially
if we do see a correction at the short end.
STRATEGY
Investors: No change our preference for being
short duration remains in place. Curve steepening is
expected, driven by the short end, where we prefer to
be overweight. We also prefer linkers to nominals.
Borrowers: We are more confident now than we
were a few months ago that the lows for yields
are in. We see merit in adding to hedges. But with
BKBM biased lower, some caution is required.

KEY VIEWS
SECTOR

DIRECTION COMMENT

Short end

Neutral/bullish
Neutral/
Long end
bearish
Yield Curve
Biased steeper
Geographic
Neutral/
spreads
narrower
Swap spreads Neutral/wider

2yr capitulation exhausted. We got bullish too soon, but even so, levels incompatible with OCR outlook.
Will continue grinding higher as the Fed steps up the pace of tightening (from 1 hike in each of 2015 and
2016 to 3 hikes in 2017), but dont forget about easy ECB and BoJ policy. Less bearish now than before.
Short end and long end heading in different directions, steepening the curve.
Divergent policy settings should help support NZ on a spread, as will seasonal reduction in nominal NZGS
supply. However, likely to be offset to an extent by flows emanating from defensive duration shortening.
NZGS demand so-so; real risks lie in potential corporate flow. Pay flow slow so far, but will pick up on dips.

NZD/TWI

NZD/USD neutral but TWI to remain elevated with NZD strong vs. AUD/EUR/Asia, keeping a lid on the OCR.

Holding up

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 8 of 15

CURRENCY STRATEGY

TABLE 1: KEY VIEWS

CROSS

GUIDE

Firmer USD bias

ultimately wins

Settled up here

Elevation to remain

Politics not euro

supportive

Divided outlooks

Pound back in
vogue

GBP stabilising

Neutral

USD dictating
USD/JPY higher

NZD/AUD
NZD/EUR

NZD/JPY

YEAR

Yield gap closing;

USD in control

NZD/USD

NZD/GBP

MONTH

THEMES AND RISKS

A more optimistic Fed / dot plot upgrade equals

USD strength.

Equities continue to hit new highs as the good

news side of lifting rates (its all about the
economy) dominates the threat to valuations.

Global growth momentum continues to look

better.

Jury still out on whether diminishing liquidity will

challenge the hunt for yield (and thus NZ assets).

ASSESSMENT
The USD remains in the drivers seat dominating
all and sundry. Throw together an upgrade to the
Feds dot plots and longer-term yields brushing
through 2.5% with ease and you get USD strength.
This rally looks like it has further to run. For one,
there are not too many viable alternatives. Perception
towards the EUR continues to be weighed down by
the potential for political fragmentation as the anger
vote manifests. The ECB and BOJ are still easing. The
US rates market has 57bps of hikes pencilled in for
2017, which remains shy of the 75 implied by the
Fed.
Expect attention to turn to financial conditions
and what the back-up in yields and stronger
USD imply for growth over 2017. Weve seen
somewhat of a tightening but not yet of sufficient
magnitude to derail the economic story.
However, we note that NZ has experienced a far
more aggressive tightening in financial
conditions relative to the US, a sign the strength

FIGURE 1. US FINANCIAL CONDITIONS VS GDP

6

98.8
99.2

99.6

100.0
100.4

100.8

-2

101.2

Index (inverse)

The USD remains in the drivers seat with the NZD

along for the ride. This weeks data dump should be
NZD supportive but that looks set to be usurped by a
USD that is yet to peak. We expect the NZD to hold
better ground against the other crosses and the TWI
to hold at elevated levels. The AUD looks vulnerable
amidst speculation of a credit downgrade (though a
margin of excellence tweak).

in the NZD and rising yields have moved too far. In

that environment, topside pushes will be sold into
and the bias is lower for the NZD.

Annual % change

SUMMARY

101.6

-4

102.0

-6

102.4
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
GDP (LHS)

FCI (adv 12 mths, RHS)

Source: ANZ, Bloomberg

This weeks data dump should be NZD

supportive. Were anticipating a GDP outturn at the
strong end of expectations (1% q/q). However, well
be paying equal attention to the signals from the
more timely series over Q4. The economic pulse
remains strong and its no coincidence that the rates
market is now starting to err towards the RBNZ being
in play in 2017.
While we still back NZs credentials, the USD story
will usurp it for now, leaving us with a mild downside
bias for the NZD/USD. The NZD is expected to hold at
elevated ranges against the EUR, GBP, JPY and AUD.
TABLE 2: NZD VS AUD: MONTHLY GAUGES
GAUGE
Fair value

GUIDE
/

Yield

COMMENT
Fair value is 0.93. Soft AU GDP
surprise.
Market starting to think RBNZ could be
in play in 2017.

Commodities

AU commodities doing much better.

Data

Data pulse stronger in NZ.

Techs

Looks to have found a zone.

Sentiment

Swinging to and fro.

Other

On balance

Australias fiscal numbers and triple A

rating under the spotlight.
Elevation to continue.

TABLE 3: NZD VS USD: MONTHLY GAUGES

GAUGE
Fair value

GUIDE

COMMENT

Below fair value estimate of ~0.75.

Yield

US yields now hard to ignore.

Commodities

ToT have based, a key leg of support.

Risk aversion

Still a potential Achilles heel.

NZ data flow positive and improving in
the US.

Data

Techs

Break of 0.70 significant.

Other

USD sentiment in control.

On balance

Door opened for further moves

lower.

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 9 of 15

DATA EVENT CALENDAR

DATE

COUNTRY

19-Dec

NZ
NZ
GE

20-Dec

21-Dec

22-Dec

23-Dec

DATA/EVENT

MKT.

LAST

NZ TIME

ANZ Activity Outlook - Dec

--

37.6

13:00

ANZ Business Confidence - Dec

--

20.5

13:00

IFO Business Climate - Dec

110.6

110.4

22:00

GE

IFO Current Assessment - Dec

115.9

115.6

22:00

GE

IFO Expectations - Dec

105.6

105.5

22:00

EC

Construction Output MoM - Oct

--

-0.9%

23:00

EC

Construction Output YoY - Oct

--

1.8%

23:00

EC

Labour Costs YoY - Q3

US

Markit Services PMI - Dec P

--

1.0%

23:00

55.2

54.6

US

03:45

Markit Composite PMI - Dec P

--

54.9

03:45

NZ

Food Prices MoM - Nov

--

-0.8%

10:45

AU

RBA Dec. Meeting Minutes

--

--

13:30

GE

PPI MoM - Nov

0.1%

0.7%

20:00

GE

PPI YoY - Nov

-0.2%

-0.4%

20:00

EC

ECB Current Account SA - Oct

--

25.3B

22:00

EC

Current Account NSA - Oct

--

29.8B

22:00

JN

BOJ Monetary Policy Statement

JN

BOJ Policy Rate - Dec

UK

--

--

UNSPECIFIED

-0.10%

-0.10%

UNSPECIFIED

CBI Retailing Reported Sales - Dec

20

26

00:00

UK

CBI Total Dist. Reported Sales - Dec

--

34

00:00

NZ

Net Migration SA - Nov

--

6240

10:45

NZ

Trade Balance NZD - Nov

-500M

-846M

10:45

NZ

Exports NZD - Nov

4.00B

3.90B

10:45

NZ

Imports NZD - Nov

NZ

Trade Balance 12 Mth YTD NZD - Nov

AU

4.50B

4.74B

10:45

-2951M

-3297M

10:45

Westpac Leading Index MoM - Nov

--

0.06%

12:30

AU

Skilled Vacancies MoM - Nov

--

-0.4%

13:00

NZ

Credit Card Spending MoM - Nov

--

2.8%

15:00

NZ

Credit Card Spending YoY - Nov

--

10.2%

15:00

UK

Public Finances (PSNCR) - Nov

--

-3.4B

22:30

UK

Central Government NCR - Nov

--

-4.0B

22:30

UK

Public Sector Net Borrowing - Nov

11.6B

4.3B

22:30

UK

PSNB ex Banking Groups - Nov

12.2B

4.8B

22:30

US

MBA Mortgage Applications - 16-Dec

--

-4.0%

01:00

EC

Consumer Confidence - Dec A

-6.0

-6.1

04:00

US

Existing Home Sales - Nov

5.50M

5.60M

04:00

US

Existing Home Sales MoM - Nov

-1.8%

2.0%

04:00

NZ

GDP SA QoQ - Q3

0.8%

0.9%

10:45

NZ

GDP YoY - Q3

3.6%

3.6%

10:45

NZ

BoP Current Account Balance NZD - Q3

-4.894B

-0.945B

10:45

NZ

Current Account GDP Ratio YTD - Q3

-3.0%

-2.9%

10:45

UK

GfK Consumer Confidence - Dec

-8

-8

13:01

NZ

Money Supply M3 YoY - Nov

--

7.1%

15:00

GE

Import Price Index MoM - Nov

0.2%

0.9%

20:00

GE

Import Price Index YoY - Nov

-0.2%

-0.6%

20:00

US

Chicago Fed Nat Activity Index - Nov

-0.15

-0.08

02:30

US

GDP Annualized QoQ - Q3 T

3.3%

3.2%

02:30

US

GDP Price Index - Q3 T

1.4%

1.4%

02:30

Continued on following page

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 10 of 15

DATA EVENT CALENDAR

DATE

COUNTRY

23-Dec

US
US

24-Dec

DATA/EVENT

MKT.

LAST

NZ TIME

Personal Consumption - Q3 T

2.8%

2.8%

02:30

Core PCE QoQ - Q3 T

1.7%

1.7%

02:30

US

Durable Goods Orders - Nov P

-4.5%

4.6%

02:30

US

Durables Ex Transportation - Nov P

0.2%

0.8%

02:30

US

Cap Goods Orders Nondef Ex Air - Nov P

0.5%

0.2%

02:30

US

Cap Goods Ship Nondef Ex Air - Nov P

--

-0.1%

02:30

US

Initial Jobless Claims - 17-Dec

259k

254k

02:30

US

Continuing Claims - 10-Dec

2010k

2018k

02:30

US

FHFA House Price Index MoM - Oct

0.4%

0.6%

03:00

US

Personal Income - Nov

0.3%

0.6%

04:00

US

Personal Spending - Nov

0.3%

0.3%

04:00

US

Real Personal Spending - Nov

0.2%

0.1%

04:00

US

PCE Deflator MoM - Nov

0.2%

0.2%

04:00

US

PCE Deflator YoY - Nov

1.5%

1.4%

04:00

US

PCE Core MoM - Nov

0.1%

0.1%

04:00

US

PCE Core YoY - Nov

1.7%

1.7%

04:00

US

Leading Index - Nov

0.2%

0.1%

04:00

US

Kansas City Fed Manf. Activity - Dec

05:00

GE

GfK Consumer Confidence - Jan

9.9

9.8

20:00

UK

GDP QoQ - Q3 F

0.5%

0.5%

22:30

UK

GDP YoY - Q3 F

2.3%

2.3%

22:30

UK

Current Account Balance - Q3

-28.2B

-28.7B

22:30

UK

Index of Services MoM - Oct

0.2%

0.2%

22:30

UK

Index of Services 3M/3M - Oct

0.8%

0.8%

22:30

UK

Total Business Investment QoQ - Q3 F

0.9%

0.9%

22:30

UK

Total Business Investment YoY - Q3 F

-1.6%

-1.6%

22:30

US

New Home Sales - Nov

575k

563k

04:00

US

New Home Sales MoM - Nov

2.1%

-1.9%

04:00

US

U. of Mich. Sentiment - Dec F

98.0

98.0

04:00

Key: AU: Australia, EC: Eurozone, GE: Germany, JN: Japan, NZ: New Zealand, UK: United Kingdom, US: United States, CH: China.
Source: Dow Jones, Reuters, Bloomberg, ANZ Bank New Zealand Limited. All $ values in local currency.
Note: All surveys are preliminary and subject to change

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 11 of 15

LOCAL DATA WATCH

Domestic economic momentum is solid, with downside risks mainly stemming from offshore. With inflation showing
signs of tentatively lifting, the OCR now looks to be on hold at 1.75% for a considerable period.
DATE

DATA/EVENT

ECONOMIC
SIGNAL

COMMENT

Mon 19 Dec
(1:00pm)

ANZ Business Outlook

Dec

--

Tue 20 Dec
(10:45am)

Food Price Index Nov

Seasonal falls

Further seasonal weakness in fruit and vegetable prices should

drive the overall index lower.

Wed 21 Dec
(early am)

GlobalDairyTrade Auction

Supply-driven

A considerable supply adjustment is underway globally, which

should lend further support to prices.

Wed 21 Dec
(10:45am)

International Travel &

Migration Nov

Strong

There may be a near-term hit from the earthquakes over the

next month or two, but we expect net inflows to remain strong
overall.

Wed 21 Dec
(10:45am)

Overseas Merchandise
Trade Nov

On the mend

With commodity prices recovering, we believe the deterioration

in the trade deficit will start to gradually reverse.

Wed 21 Dec
(3:00pm)

RBNZ New Mortgage

Lending Nov

Slowing

The slowing trend experienced over the past few months should
have continued.

Thu 22 Dec
(10:45am)

Balance of Payments Q3

Contained

The current account deficit looks set to remain well below its
historical average at around 3% of GDP.

Thu 22 Dec
(10:45am)

GDP Q3

1.0% q/q

Manufacturing and services-based activity are expected to drive

another decent lift in overall activity growth, with annual growth
approaching 4%.

Thu 22 Dec
(3:00pm)

RBNZ Credit Aggregates

Nov

Past the top

Credit growth is past its peak, and is expected to continue to

soften over the months ahead.

10-17 Jan

REINZ Housing Market

Statistics

Losing steam

Within the context of an ongoing shortage, macro-prudential

restrictions, higher mortgage rates and slowing credit growth
should see the rate of price growth continue to slow.

Wed 11 Jan
(10:00am)

ANZ Job Ads Dec

--

--

Thu 12 Jan
(10:00am)

ANZ Truckometer Dec

--

--

Thu 12 Jan
(1:00pm)

ANZ Commodity Price

Index Dec

--

--

Fri 13 Jan
(10:45am)

Electronic Card
Transactions Dec

Mon 16 Jan
(10:45am)

Food Price Index Dec

Thu 19 Jan
(10:30am)

BNZ-BusinessNZ PMI Dec

Thu 19 Jan
(10:45am)

CPI Q4

Fri 20 Jan
(1:00pm)

ANZ-Roy Morgan Consumer

Confidence Jan

On balance

Bounce back
Flat
Solid

+0.2% q/q

-Data watch

--

We view the drop in retail spending in November as more of a

one-off than a trend, and see spending growth rebounding.
We are looking for a flat result, although pressures do appear to
be building for some larger future monthly gains.
While the index is off its highs, it is still pointing to a strong
pace of growth, which we expect to persist.
The stabilisation in petrol prices should see headline inflation
return to the RBNZs target band. Of more importance will be
core and underlying measures and we suspect there will be
more signs of a lift off lows.
-Momentum is decent at present, albeit with risks.
Inflation remains low, but looks to be rising.

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 12 of 15

KEY FORECASTS AND RATES

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Sep-17

Dec-17

Mar-18

Jun-18

Sep-18

GDP (% qoq)

0.9

1.0

0.7

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

GDP (% yoy)

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.2

CPI (% qoq)

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.2

0.9

0.5

0.6

CPI (% yoy)

0.4

0.4

1.1

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.7

2.1

2.2

2.2

Employment
(% qoq)

2.4

1.4

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

Employment
(% yoy)

4.5

6.1

5.9

5.2

3.3

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

Unemployment Rate
(% sa)

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

Current Account
(% GDP)

-2.9

-3.0

-3.0

-3.1

-3.2

-3.2

-3.1

-3.1

-3.1

-3.1

Terms of Trade
(% qoq)

-2.5

-1.8

0.7

0.8

1.0

0.7

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.1

Terms of Trade
(% yoy)

-4.3

-2.3

0.4

-2.9

0.6

3.2

3.1

2.6

2.0

1.4

Mar-16

Apr-16

May-16

Jun-16

Jul-16

Aug-16

Sep-16

Oct-16

Nov-16

Dec-16

Retail ECT (% mom)

0.1

0.9

-0.2

1.2

0.2

-1.2

2.0

0.5

-0.1

--

Retail ECT (% yoy)

6.2

7.8

3.3

6.8

5.8

3.2

6.1

4.2

5.1

--

-0.9

2.1

0.2

-0.9

2.6

-1.1

3.2

2.8

--

--

5.0

9.0

6.1

4.1

5.7

2.2

8.5

10.2

--

--

-3.8

6.2

-3.6

-0.9

-0.1

2.8

-3.1

11.7

2.9

--

-0.2

8.7

4.2

-1.2

-1.9

2.6

-0.8

13.1

18.4

--

-9.8

8.0

-0.7

20.4

-8.7

-1.5

0.2

2.6

--

--

0.4

13.7

10.1

39.9

7.8

11.8

14.5

14.2

--

--

13.3

14.5

14.7

14.2

16.3

11.7

9.7

14.4

14.9

--

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.6

--

--

7.7

7.9

8.1

8.3

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.7

--

--

118.0

120.0

116.2

118.9

118.2

117.7

121.0

122.9

127.2

124.5

3.2

6.2

11.3

20.2

16.0

15.5

27.9

24.5

20.5

--

29.4

32.1

30.4

35.1

31.4

33.7

42.4

38.4

37.6

--

Credit Card Billings

(% mom)
Credit Card Billings
(% yoy)
Car Registrations
(% mom)
Car Registrations
(% yoy)
Building Consents
(% mom)
Building Consents
(% yoy)
REINZ House Price
Index (% yoy)
Household Lending
Growth (% mom)
Household Lending
Growth (% yoy)
ANZ Roy Morgan
Consumer Conf.
ANZ Business
Confidence
ANZ Own Activity
Outlook
Trade Balance ($m)

189

350

343

107

-351

-1235

-1394

-846

--

--

Trade Bal ($m ann)

52599

52626

52854

52660

52078

51900

51942

51968

--

--

-1.3

-0.8

1.0

3.5

2.1

3.2

5.1

0.7

2.7

--

-22.4

-16.8

-11.7

-5.6

1.9

11.1

10.6

4.0

13.1

--

5360

5490

5590

5720

5650

5670

6350

6240

--

--

67619

68110

68432

69090

69015

69119

69954

70282

--

--

3.4

-2.4

-2.4

5.1

-6.3

7.0

-2.2

-0.4

4.0

--

0.9

0.3

-1.4

2.7

-0.6

-1.6

0.1

-2.0

1.7

--

ANZ World Commodity

Price Index (% mom)
ANZ World Comm.
Price Index (% yoy)
Net Migration (sa)
Net Migration (ann)
ANZ Heavy Traffic
Index (% mom)
ANZ Light Traffic
Index (% mom)

Figures in bold are forecasts. mom: Month-on-Month; qoq: Quarter-on-Quarter; yoy: Year-on-Year

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 13 of 15

KEY FORECASTS AND RATES

ACTUAL

FORECAST (END MONTH)

FX RATES

Oct-16

Nov-16

Today

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Sep-17

Dec-17

Mar-18

Jun-18

NZD/USD

0.715

0.714

0.697

0.71

0.69

0.67

0.65

0.64

0.64

0.65

NZD/AUD

0.941

0.957

0.957

0.93

0.93

0.93

0.93

0.94

0.97

0.98

NZD/EUR

0.653

0.671

0.667

0.68

0.67

0.66

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.62

NZD/JPY

75.07

80.72

82.11

78.1

79.4

77.1

74.8

73.6

73.6

74.8

NZD/GBP

0.588

0.574

0.558

0.58

0.57

0.55

0.54

0.54

0.52

0.52

NZ$ TWI

75.6

77.1

77.8

76.6

75.6

74.1

72.5

72.1

72.4

72.5

Oct-16

Nov-16

Today

Dec-16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Sep-17

Dec-17

Mar-18

Jun-18

NZ OCR

2.00

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

2.00

NZ 90 day bill

2.14

2.04

2.02

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.20

2.30

NZ 10-yr bond

2.71

3.13

3.42

3.40

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

US Fed funds

0.50

0.50

0.75

0.75

0.75

1.00

1.00

1.25

1.25

1.50

US 3-mth

0.88

0.93

1.00

1.05

1.13

1.20

1.33

1.45

1.60

1.75

AU Cash Rate

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

AU 3-mth

1.75

1.77

1.78

1.70

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

INTEREST RATES

16 Nov

12 Dec

13 Dec

14 Dec

15 Dec

16 Dec

Official Cash Rate

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

90 day bank bill

2.07

2.04

2.04

2.04

2.03

2.04

NZGB 03/19

2.11

2.19

2.18

2.17

2.24

2.24

NZGB 05/21

2.46

2.56

2.55

2.54

2.63

2.64

NZGB 04/23

2.73

2.87

2.85

2.84

2.92

2.95

NZGB 04/27

3.08

3.31

3.29

3.28

3.38

3.41

2 year swap

2.26

2.32

2.31

2.32

2.39

2.41

5 year swap

2.76

2.91

2.90

2.91

3.01

3.04

RBNZ TWI

77.36

78.60

79.16

79.18

78.50

78.50

NZD/USD

0.7062

0.7162

0.7188

0.7217

0.7071

0.6963

NZD/AUD

0.9427

0.9584

0.9604

0.9619

0.9570

0.9533

NZD/JPY

77.43

82.96

82.95

83.02

83.69

82.11

NZD/GBP

0.5674

0.5689

0.5659

0.5703

0.5641

0.5572

NZD/EUR

0.6593

0.6752

0.6772

0.6782

0.6750

0.6663

AUD/USD

0.7491

0.7473

0.7484

0.7503

0.7389

0.7304

EUR/USD

1.0711

1.0607

1.0615

1.0641

1.0476

1.0451

USD/JPY

109.64

115.83

115.40

115.04

118.35

117.93

GBP/USD

1.2446

1.2589

1.2703

1.2655

1.2534

1.2496

Oil (US$/bbl)

45.86

51.51

52.74

52.99

51.01

50.90

Gold (US$/oz)

1230.70

1158.50

1162.35

1160.60

1143.75

1130.45

Electricity (Haywards)

3.12

3.37

4.30

3.82

3.83

3.31

Baltic Dry Freight Index

1145

1069

1052

1003

966

946

NZX WMP Futures (US$/t)

3480

3600

3620

3580

3580

3570

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 14 of 15

IMPORTANT NOTICE
The distribution of this document or streaming of this video broadcast (as applicable, publication) may be restricted by law in certain
jurisdictions. Persons who receive this publication must inform themselves about and observe all relevant restrictions.
1. Disclaimer for all jurisdictions, where content is authored by ANZ Research:
Except if otherwise specified in section 2 below, this document is issued and distributed in your country/region by Australia and New Zealand
Banking Group Limited (ABN11 005 357 522) (ANZ), on the basis that it is only for the information of the specified recipient or permitted user
of the relevant website (collectively, recipient). This document is confidential and may not be reproduced, distributed or published by any
recipient for any purpose. It is general information and has been prepared without taking into account the objectives, financial situation or
needs of any person. Nothing in this document is intended to be an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any product, security,
instrument or investment, to effect any transaction or to conclude any legal act of any kind. If, despite the foregoing, any services or products
referred to in this document are deemed to be offered in the jurisdiction in which this document is received or accessed, no such service or
product is intended for nor available to persons resident in that jurisdiction if it would be contradictory to local law or regulation. Such local
laws, regulations and other limitations always apply with non-exclusive jurisdiction of local courts. Certain financial products may be subject to
mandatory clearing, regulatory reporting and/or other related obligations. These obligations may vary by jurisdiction and be subject to frequent
amendment. Before making an investment decision, recipients should seek independent financial, legal, tax and other relevant advice having
regard to their particular circumstances.
The views and recommendations expressed in this publication are the authors. They are based on information known by the author and on
sources which the author believes to be reliable, but may involve material elements of subjective judgement and analysis. Unless specifically
stated otherwise: they are current on the date of this publication and are subject to change without notice; and, all price information is
indicative only. Any of the views and recommendations which comprise estimates, forecasts or other projections, are subject to significant
uncertainties and contingencies that cannot reasonably be anticipated. On this basis, such views and recommendations may not always be
achieved or prove to be correct. Indications of past performance in this publication will not necessarily be repeated in the future. No
representation is being made that any investment will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those achieved in the past, or that
significant losses will be avoided. Additionally, this publication may contain forward looking statements. Actual events or results or actual
performance may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward looking statements. All investments entail a risk and
may result in both profits and losses. Foreign currency rates of exchange may adversely affect the value, price or income of any products or
services described in this publication. The products and services described in this publication are not suitable for all investors, and transacting in
these products or services may be considered risky. ANZ and its related bodies corporate and affiliates, and the officers, employees, contractors
and agents of each of them (including the author) (Affiliates), do not make any representation as to the accuracy, completeness or currency
of the views or recommendations expressed in this publication. Neither ANZ nor its Affiliates accept any responsibility to inform you of any
matter that subsequently comes to their notice, which may affect the accuracy, completeness or currency of the information in this publication.
Except as required by law, and only to the extent so required: neither ANZ nor its Affiliates warrant or guarantee the performance of any of the
products or services described in this publication or any return on any associated investment; and, ANZ and its Affiliates expressly disclaim any
responsibility and shall not be liable for any loss, damage, claim, liability, proceedings, cost or expense (Liability) arising directly or indirectly
and whether in tort (including negligence), contract, equity or otherwise out of or in connection with this publication.
If this publication has been distributed by electronic transmission, such as e-mail, then such transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secure or
error-free as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. ANZ and its Affiliates do
not accept any Liability as a result of electronic transmission of this publication.
ANZ and its Affiliates may have an interest in the subject matter of this publication as follows:
They may receive fees from customers for dealing in the products or services described in this publication, and their staff and introducers of
business may share in such fees or receive a bonus that may be influenced by total sales.
They or their customers may have or have had interests or long or short positions in the products or services described in this publication,
and may at any time make purchases and/or sales in them as principal or agent.
They may act or have acted as market-maker in products described in this publication.
ANZ and its Affiliates may rely on information barriers and other arrangements to control the flow of information contained in one or more
business areas within ANZ or within its Affiliates into other business areas of ANZ or of its Affiliates. This document is published in accordance
with ANZs policies on Conflicts of Interest and Information Barriers.
Please contact your ANZ point of contact with any questions about this publication including for further information on these disclosures of
interest.
2. Country/region specific information:
Australia. This publication is distributed in Australia by ANZ. ANZ holds an Australian Financial Services licence no. 234527. A copy of ANZ's
Financial Services Guide is available at http://www.anz.com/documents/AU/aboutANZ/FinancialServicesGuide.pdf and is available upon request
from your ANZ point of contact. If trading strategies or recommendations are included in this publication, they are solely for the information of
wholesale clients (as defined in section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001 Cth). Persons who receive this publication must inform themselves
about and observe all relevant restrictions.
Brazil. This publication is distributed in Brazil by ANZ on a cross border basis and only following request by the recipient. No securities are
being offered or sold in Brazil under this publication, and no securities have been and will not be registered with the Securities Commission
CVM.
Brunei. Japan. Kuwait. Malaysia. Switzerland. Taiwan. This publication is distributed in each of Brunei, Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia,
Switzerland and Taiwan by ANZ on a cross-border basis.
Cambodia. APS222 Disclosure. The recipient acknowledges that although ANZ Royal Bank (Cambodia) Ltd. is a subsidiary of ANZ, it is a
separate entity to ANZ and the obligations of ANZ Royal Bank (Cambodia) Ltd. do not constitute deposits or other liabilities of ANZ and ANZ is
not required to meet the obligations of ANZ Royal Bank (Cambodia) Ltd.
European Economic Area (EEA): United Kingdom. ANZ in the United Kingdom is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority
(PRA). Subject to regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and limited regulation by the PRA. Details about the extent of our
regulation by the PRA are available from us on request. This publication is distributed in the United Kingdom by ANZ solely for the information
of persons who would come within the FCA definition of eligible counterparty or professional client. It is not intended for and must not be
distributed to any person who would come within the FCA definition of retail client. Nothing here excludes or restricts any duty or liability to a
customer which ANZ may have under the UK Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 or under the regulatory system as defined in the Rules of
the PRA and the FCA. Germany. This publication is distributed in Germany by the Frankfurt Branch of ANZ solely for the information of its
clients. Other EEA countries. This publication is distributed in the EEA by ANZ Bank (Europe) Limited (ANZBEL) which is authorised by the
PRA and regulated by the FCA and the PRA in the United Kingdom, to persons who would come within the FCA definition of eligible
counterparty or professional client in other countries in the EEA. This publication is distributed in those countries solely for the information of
such persons upon their request. It is not intended for, and must not be distributed to, any person in those countries who would come within
the FCA definition of retail client.
Fiji. For Fiji regulatory purposes, this publication and any views and recommendations are not to be deemed as investment advice. Fiji
investors must seek licensed professional advice should they wish to make any investment in relation to this publication.
Hong Kong. This publication is issued or distributed in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong branch of ANZ, which is registered at the Hong Kong
Monetary Authority to conduct Type 1 (dealing in securities), Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 6 (advising on corporate finance)
regulated activities. The contents of this publication have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong. If in doubt about the
contents of this publication, you should obtain independent professional advice.

ANZ Market Focus / 19 December 2016 / 15 of 15

IMPORTANT NOTICE
India. This publication is distributed in India by ANZ on a cross-border basis. If this publication is received in India, only you (the specified
recipient) may print it provided that before doing so, you specify on it your name and place of printing. Further copying or duplication of this
publication is strictly prohibited.
Myanmar. This publication is intended to be of a general nature as part of customer service and marketing activities provided by ANZ in the
course of implementing its functions as a licensed bank. This publication does not take into account your financial situation or goals and is not
Securities Investment Advice (as that term is defined in the Myanmar Securities Transaction Law 2013). The contents of this publication have
not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Myanmar. If in doubt about the contents of this publication, you should obtain independent
professional advice.
New Zealand. This publication is intended to be of a general nature, does not take into account your financial situation or goals, and is not a
personalised adviser service under the Financial Advisers Act 2008.
Oman. This publication has been prepared by ANZ. ANZ neither has a registered business presence nor a representative office in Oman and
does not undertake banking business or provide financial services in Oman. Consequently ANZ is not regulated by either the Central Bank of
Oman or Omans Capital Market Authority. The information contained in this publication is for discussion purposes only and neither constitutes
an offer of securities in Oman as contemplated by the Commercial Companies Law of Oman (Royal Decree 4/74) or the Capital Market Law of
Oman (Royal Decree 80/98), nor does it constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of any offer to buy non-Omani securities in Oman as
contemplated by Article 139 of the Executive Regulations to the Capital Market Law (issued vide CMA Decision 1/2009). ANZ does not solicit
business in Oman and the only circumstances in which ANZ sends information or material describing financial products or financial services to
recipients in Oman, is where such information or material has been requested from ANZ and by receiving this publication, the person or entity
to whom it has been dispatched by ANZ understands, acknowledges and agrees that this publication has not been approved by the CBO, the
CMA or any other regulatory body or authority in Oman. ANZ does not market, offer, sell or distribute any financial or investment products or
services in Oman and no subscription to any securities, products or financial services may or will be consummated within Oman. Nothing
contained in this publication is intended to constitute Omani investment, legal, tax, accounting or other professional advice.
Peoples Republic of China (PRC). Recipients must comply with all applicable laws and regulations of PRC, including any prohibitions on
speculative transactions and CNY/CNH arbitrage trading. If and when the material accompanying this document is distributed by Australia and
New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ABN 11 005 357 522) (ANZ) or an affiliate (other than Australia and New Zealand Bank (China)
Company Limited ("ANZ C")), the following statement and the text below is applicable: No action has been taken by ANZ or any affiliate which
would permit a public offering of any products or services of such an entity or distribution or re-distribution of this document in the PRC.
Accordingly, the products and services of such entities are not being offered or sold within the PRC by means of this document or any other
document. This document may not be distributed, re-distributed or published in the PRC, except under circumstances that will result in
compliance with any applicable laws and regulations. If and when the material accompanying this document relates to the products and/or
services of ANZ C, the following statement and the text below is applicable: This document is distributed by ANZ C in the Mainland of the PRC.
Qatar. This publication has not been, and will not be lodged or registered with, or reviewed or approved by, the Qatar Central Bank ("QCB"),
the Qatar Financial Centre ("QFC") Authority, QFC Regulatory Authority or any other authority in the State of Qatar ("Qatar"); or authorised or
licensed for distribution in Qatar; and the information contained in this publication does not, and is not intended to, constitute a public offer or
other invitation in respect of securities in Qatar or the QFC. The financial products or services described in this publication have not been, and
will not be registered with the QCB, QFC Authority, QFC Regulatory Authority or any other governmental authority in Qatar; or authorised or
licensed for offering, marketing, issue or sale, directly or indirectly, in Qatar. Accordingly, the financial products or services described in this
publication are not being, and will not be, offered, issued or sold in Qatar, and this publication is not being, and will not be, distributed in Qatar.
The offering, marketing, issue and sale of the financial products or services described in this publication and distribution of this publication is
being made in, and is subject to the laws, regulations and rules of, jurisdictions outside of Qatar and the QFC. Recipients of this publication
must abide by this restriction and not distribute this publication in breach of this restriction. This publication is being sent/issued to a limited
number of institutional and/or sophisticated investors (i) upon their request and confirmation that they understand the statements above; and
(ii) on the condition that it will not be provided to any person other than the original recipient, and is not for general circulation and may not be
reproduced or used for any other purpose.
Singapore. This publication is distributed in Singapore by the Singapore branch of ANZ solely for the information of accredited investors,
expert investors or (as the case may be) institutional investors (each term as defined in the Securities and Futures Act Cap. 289 of
Singapore). ANZ is licensed in Singapore under the Banking Act Cap. 19 of Singapore and is exempted from holding a financial advisers licence
under Section 23(1)(a) of the Financial Advisers Act Cap. 100 of Singapore. In respect of any matters arising from, or in connection with the
distribution of this publication in Singapore, contact your ANZ point of contact.
United Arab Emirates. This publication is distributed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) or the Dubai International Financial Centre (as
applicable) by ANZ. This publication: does not, and is not intended to constitute an offer of securities anywhere in the UAE; does not constitute,
and is not intended to constitute the carrying on or engagement in banking, financial and/or investment consultation business in the UAE under
the rules and regulations made by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, the Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority or the
United Arab Emirates Ministry of Economy; does not, and is not intended to constitute an offer of securities within the meaning of the Dubai
International Financial Centre Markets Law No. 12 of 2004; and, does not constitute, and is not intended to constitute, a financial promotion, as
defined under the Dubai International Financial Centre Regulatory Law No. 1 of 200. ANZ DIFC Branch is regulated by the Dubai Financial
Services Authority (DFSA). The financial products or services described in this publication are only available to persons who qualify as
Professional Clients or Market Counterparty in accordance with the provisions of the DFSA rules. In addition, ANZ has a representative office
(ANZ Representative Office) in Abu Dhabi regulated by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates. ANZ Representative Office is not
permitted by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates to provide any banking services to clients in the UAE.
United States. ANZ Securities, Inc. (ANZSI) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) (www.finra.org) and
registered with the SEC. ANZSIs address is 277 Park Avenue, 31st Floor, New York, NY 10172, USA (Tel: +1 212 801 9160 Fax: +1 212 801
9163). Except where this is an FX- related publication, this publication is distributed in the United States by ANZSI (a wholly owned subsidiary
of ANZ), which accepts responsibility for its content. Information on any securities referred to in this publication may be obtained from ANZSI
upon request. This publication or material is intended for institutional use only not retail. If you are an institutional customer wishing to effect
transactions in any securities referred to in this publication you must contact ANZSI, not its affiliates. ANZSI is authorised as a broker-dealer
only for institutional customers, not for US Persons (as US person is defined in Regulation S under the US Securities Act of 1933, as
amended) who are individuals. If you have registered to use this website or have otherwise received this publication and are a US Person who
is an individual: to avoid loss, you should cease to use this website by unsubscribing or should notify the sender and you should not act on the
contents of this publication in any way. Non-U.S. Analysts: Non-U.S. analysts may not be associated persons of ANZSI and therefore may not
be subject to FINRA Rule 2242 restrictions on communications with subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by the
analysts. Where this is an FX-related publication, it is distributed in the United States by ANZ's New York Branch, which is also located at 277
Park Avenue, 31st Floor, New York, NY 10172, USA (Tel: +1 212 801 916 0 Fax: +1 212 801 9163). Commodity-related products are not
insured by any U.S. governmental agency, and are not guaranteed by ANZ or any of its affiliates. Transacting in these products may involve
substantial risks and could result in a significant loss. You should carefully consider whether transacting in commodity-related products is
suitable for you in light of your financial condition and investment objectives.
Vietnam. This publication is distributed in Vietnam by ANZ or ANZ Bank (Vietnam) Limited, a subsidiary of ANZ. Please note that the contents
of this publication have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Vietnam. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this
publication, you should obtain independent professional advice.
This document has been prepared by ANZ Bank New Zealand Limited, Level 10, 171 Featherston Street, Wellington 6011, New Zealand,
Ph 64-4-802 2212, e-mail [email protected], http://www.anz.co.nz