G.I.

Joe
For other uses, see G.I. Joe (disambiguation).
G.I. Joe is a line of action gures produced and owned by
the toy company Hasbro.[3][4] The initial product oering
represented four of the branches of the U.S. armed forces
with the Action Soldier (U.S. Army), Action Sailor (U.S.
Navy), Action Pilot (Air Force), Action Marine (Marine
Corps) and later on, the Action Nurse. G.I. is a generic
term for U.S. soldiers.[5][6][7] The development of G.I. Joe
led to the coining of the term "action gure". G.I. Joes
appeal to children has made it an American icon among
toys.[8]
The G.I. Joe trademark has been used by Hasbro to title two dierent toy lines. The original 12-inch (30 cm)
line introduced on February 2, 1964 centered on realistic
action gures.[9] In the United Kingdom, this line was licensed to Palitoy and known as Action Man. In 1982 the
line was relaunched in a 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) scale complete with vehicles, playsets, and a complex background
story involving an ongoing struggle between the G.I. Joe
Team and the evil Cobra Command which seeks to take
over the Free World through terrorism. As the American
line evolved into the Real American Hero series, Action
Man also changed, by using the same molds and being
renamed as Action Force. Although the members of the
G.I. Joe team are not superheroes, they all had expertise
in areas such as martial arts, weapons, and explosives.[10]

Original G.I. Joe lineup.

every boxed gure package.

The Hasbro prototypes were originally named Rocky
(marine/soldier) Skip (sailor) and Ace (pilot), before
the more universal name G.I. Joe was adopted. One of
the prototypes would later sell in a Heritage auction in
2003 for $200,001.[11]

Aside from the obvious trademarking on the right buttock, other aspects of the gure were copyrighted features
that allowed Hasbro to successfully pursue cases against
producers of cheap imitations, since the human gure itself cannot be copyrighted or trademarked. The scar on
the right cheek was one; another, unintentional at rst,
G.I. Joe was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame was the placement of the right thumbnail on the underside
at The Strong in Rochester, New York, in 2003.
of the thumb. Early trademarking, with G.I. Joe", was
used through some point in 1965; the markings changed
once G.I. Joe was a registered trademark; G.I. Joe"
appears on the rst line. Subsequently, the stamped
1 History of the 12-inch (30 cm) g- now
trademarking was altered after the patent was granted (in
late 1966), and assigned a number; 3,277,602. Figures
ures
with this marking would have entered the retail market
during 1967.

1.1

Americas movable
(19641969)

ghting

man

1.2 Adventure Team (19701976)

Main article: G.I. Joe: Americas Movable Fighting Man

Main article: G.I. Joe Adventure Team
The conventional marketing wisdom of the early 1960s
was that boys would not play with dolls, thus the word
doll was never used by Hasbro or anyone involved in
the development or marketing of G.I. Joe. Action gure was the only acceptable term, and has since become
the generic description for any poseable doll intended for
boys. Americas movable ghting man is a registered
trademark of Hasbro, and was prominently displayed on

By the late 1960s, in the wake of the Vietnam War, Hasbro sought to downplay the war theme that had initially
dened G.I. Joe. The line became known as The Adventures of G.I. Joe. In 1970, Hasbro settled on the
name Adventure Team. Highlights of the line included:
To coincide with the new direction, Life-Like
1

1 HISTORY OF THE 12-INCH (30 CM) FIGURES

ocked hair and beard, an innovation developed in
England by Palitoy for their licensed version of Joe,
Action Man, is introduced in 1970. A retooled
African American Adventurer was also introduced,
which came in two versions as did the others in the
series, bearded or shaven.[12]

featured Eagle Eye Joe, Atomic Man, and Bullet Man

operating together; the Adventure Team was nally an
actual team. The original 12-inch (30 cm) G.I. Joe line
ended in America in 1976. At this time, Hasbro released
a line of inexpensive, rotationally molded mannequins in
the G.I. Joe style called The Defenders.

In 1974, named after the increasingly popular martial art, Hasbro introduced Kung-Fu Grip to the
G.I. Joe line. This was another innovation that had
been developed in the UK for Action Man. The
hands were molded in a softer plastic that allowed
the ngers to grip objects in a more lifelike fashion. 1.3

International G.I. Joe licensees

In 1976, G.I. Joe was given eagle eye vision; a movable eye mechanism to allow the toy to appear to be Main articles: Action Man and Action Force
looking around when a lever in the back of the head
was moved. This would be the last major innovation
From 1966 through 1984, Palitoy Ltd. produced a British
for the original line of 12-inch (30 cm) gures.
version of the 12-inch (30 cm) G.I. Joe line, under the
Action Man name for the UK market.[8] Initially, these
were exactly the same designs as the American gures,
and at rst the same military theme which included gures
from World War II. The line later expanded the line to
include all men of action, like football players and other
sports gures. In the early 1980s, Palitoy responded to
falling sales of Action Man by launching Action Force,
a new range of smaller military-themed gures in the style
of the then-popular Star Wars line from Kenner. Later,
when the U.S. Real American Hero line was released in
the UK, they were released under the 'Action Force' title,
since the term G.I. is not in common use in Britain.
The gures had the same appearance and code names as
the American G.I. Joes, but their identities and histories
were international rather than purely American or British.
The range was later renamed G.I. Joe to bring it into line
with international markets; however, the Action Man line
retained its original name when it was revived in the early
1990s.

Mike Power, Atomic Man

A shift in play patterns

For its rst ten years, G.I. Joe was a generic soldier/adventurer with only the slightest hints of a team
concept existing. In 1975, after a failed bid to purchase
the toy rights to the Six Million Dollar Man, Hasbro issued a bionic warrior gure: Mike Power, Atomic Man.
One million units were sold. Also added to the Adventure Team was a superhero, Bullet Man. This character
had recurring enemies, The Intruders Strongmen from
Another World. Comics included with gures at the time

The G.I. Joe line was also licensed to Germany under

the Action Team name. In Spain, Geyperman was the
Hasbro license, although the products were more based
on Palitoys line, down to the logo design. In France the
name was Action Joe, in Japan, Takara and Tsukuda licensed the gures under the names G.I. Joe and Combat Man. In Italy, Polistil licensed the gures under the
Action Team name (same as they were called in Germany). In Australia, the line was released as G.I. Joe
by Kenbrite; Palitoy also licensed their ActionMan line
to TolToys, now Hasbro is producing G.I. Joe gures in
Australia under the name Falcon and the 3.75-inch (9.5
cm) gures under the name Comandos em Ao. In
Brazil, it was licensed to Brinquedos Estrela; the 12-inch
(30 cm) line was called Falcon and the 3.75-inch (9.5
cm) gures were called Comandos em Ao (Action
Commandos). In Argentina, the G.I. Joe gures were licensed by Veri-li enterprises under the name Joe Super
Temerario, and Los Temerarios. The G.I. Joe toy line
was produced in India under the Funskool brand.

2.4

G.I. Joe vs Cobra (20022005)

History of the 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) 2.4 G.I. Joe vs Cobra (20022005)
gures
Main article: G.I. Joe vs. Cobra

2.1

A Real American Hero (19821994)

Main article: G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero

Beginning in 2002, newly designed collections of 3.75inch (9.5 cm) G.I. Joe gures and vehicles were released.
Each collection centered on a storyline or theme, such as
Spy Troops and Valor vs. Venom.

The year 1982 saw the highly successful relaunch of

the G.I. Joe product line in a smaller, 3.75-inch (9.5
cm) scale. The scale was the same scale used by the
Kenners Star Wars gures, but with many more points
of articulation much like the 1970s Megos Micronauts
toy line which itself was licensed directly from Takaras
Microman toy line.

Direct-to-DVD features were animated for both the G.I.

Joe: Spy Troops and G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom collections, as well as a new trading card game based on the
G.I. Joe vs. Cobra storyline. Both the 12-inch (30 cm)
and 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) lines were put on hiatus prior to
the release of the Sigma 6 line in 2005.

This relaunch pioneered several tactics in toy marketing,

combining traditional advertising with an animated television mini-series and an ongoing comic book. The decision to use a smaller 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) scale for the gures also made it possible for Hasbro to produce a variety
of matching vehicles and playsets that further expanded
the appeal and commercial potential of the line.

2.5 Direct to Consumer (DTC) (2005

2006)

The 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) line was reintroduced after a very

brief hiatus via Hasbros direct-to-consumer website HasbroToyShop.com and various online retailers. As a result
G.I. Joes increasing popularity supported an array of of the lines success, some gures also became available
spin-o merchandising that included posters, t-shirts, at certain retailers, such as Toys R Us.
video games, board games, and kites. In 1985, both Toy
& Lamp and Hobby World magazines ranked G.I. Joe as
2.6 25th Anniversary (20072009)
the top-selling American toy.
The 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) line was canceled at the end of Main article: G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero 25th
1994. This was also the 30th Anniversary of G.I. Joe Anniversary
and accordingly, Hasbro released a series of 12-inch (30
cm) and 3.75-inch (9.5 cm) gures based on the Original
2007 marked the 25th anniversary of the Real American
Action Team gures from 1964.
Hero line. To commemorate the event, Hasbro released
a 25th Anniversary collection of newly sculpted 4-inch
(10 cm) gures (as opposed to the 3.75-inch (9.5 cm)
2.2 Stars & Stripes Forever TRU Exclu- scale of the RAH line) based on classic and new designs
sives (19971998)
of many of the lines best known and most popular characters. The 25th-anniversary gures replaced the classic
A select assortment of gures from the Real American O-ring construction with a swivel chest feature and inHero line were released as Toys R Us exclusives to creased points of articulation beyond the standard shoulcelebrate the 15th anniversary. A second assortment fol- der, elbow and knees to swivel wrists, ankles and doublehinged knees. The 25th-anniversary gures also include
lowed in 1998.[13][14]
"Specialist Trakker", otherwise known as Matt Trakker
the leader of M.A.S.K. [15]

2.3

A Real American Hero Collection Originally planned to consist of only two sets of ve
gures each (one G.I. Joe and one Cobra), the 25th
(20002002)

Anniversary collection was well received by retailers

and collectors and has since been expanded by Hasbro
into a full-edged toyline that ran through 2009. The
most recent releases in this line do not include the 25th
Anniversary branding, but in all other respects constitute a continuation of the 25th Anniversary collection.
Other waves released in 2009 include the Resolute gures, which were introduced in wave 13, and had an animated feature premiere in April 2009.

In 2000, Hasbro re-released a selection of 3.75-inch (9.5

cm) G.I. Joe gures and vehicles. This line lasted until
2002. The gures were sold in packs of two and consisted
of repainted versions of gures from the Real American
Hero line. Some of these repainted gures were assigned
new identities: for example, the Baroness gure was repainted and sold as a new character called Chameleon,
described on the packaging as the illegitimate half sister
of Baroness.
The 25th Anniversary line was later canceled, in favor

3 RETURN OF THE 12-INCH (30 CM) G.I. JOE (19912005)

of releasing gures for the upcoming live-action movie. 3 Return of the 12-inch (30 cm)
Some of the planned gures from canceled waves, totalG.I. Joe (19912005)
ing 14 gures, were instead released as two 7-gure exclusive packs. Entitled Defense and Attack of Cobra Island, each set contained gures from one opposing side . Hasbro began releasing new 12-inch (30 cm) G.I. Joe gThe canceled future waves included Night Force Falcon, ures in 1991. The rst gure, Duke, was marketed excluthe Python Patrol Trooper and Tele-Viper, and an Iron sively to Target retail stores.[20]
Klaw/Resolute Crimson Guard Trooper Comic Pack.

2.7

The Rise of Cobra (2009)

3.1 Hall of Fame (19921994)

In July 2009, a series of gures based on the G.I. Joe: The

Main article: G.I. Joe: Hall of Fame
Rise of Cobra movie was released in the United States and
Australia. The line was a mixture of the Rise of Cobra
movie designs, some G.I. Joe vs Cobra designs, some 25th Based on the Real American Hero toyline, the Hall
of Fame series featured Mission Gear Outts, vehiAnniversary gure molds and new molds.
cles, and featured popular characters like Snake-Eyes,
Stalker, Gung-Ho, Cobra Commander, Destro, and
Storm Shadow among others.
2.8 The Pursuit of Cobra (20102011)
This was followed by an anniversary series based on the
In 2010, a new series of gures was released, based on 1960s lineand was followed by the Hall of Fame Limfour battlegrounds: Desert, City, Jungle and Arctic. The ited Editions, also based on 60s releases.
packaging was an update to the 25th Anniversary design.

2.9

30th Anniversary (20112012)

3.2 Classic Collection (19952004)

In 2011, a new series of gures has been released, inMain article: G.I. Joe Classic Collection
cluding characters from both G.I. Joe: A Real American
Hero and the G.I. Joe: Renegades cartoon series. This
G.I. Janes were introduced in a series called the Classic
series was continued through 2012.
Collection, the rst 12-inch (30 cm) female dolls in the
G.I. Joe line-up since 1967; this doll was a helicopter pilot. The Classic Collection hearkened back to the original
2.10 Retaliation (2013)
all military theme of G.I. Joe with fairly realistic uniforms
A series of gures based on the movie G.I. Joe: Retalia- and gear. Soldiers from Australia, Britain, and other nation was conrmed by Hasbro in February 2012.[16] De- tions, as well as United States forces were featured. The
spite the movies release being moved from June 2012 line also presented an all-new articulated G.I. Joe gure
to March 2013, the initial assortments of gures, vehi- that formed the basis of many oerings until the 12-inch
cles, and role-play items were shipped to retailers, and (30 cm) line was discontinued in the new millennium.
appeared on store shelves in May 2012. A Variety article In 2000, a Navajo Code Talker was introduced, one of
was published stating that the already released gures had only two 12-inch (30 cm) G.I. Joe talking gures (until
been pulled from the shelves and recalled by Hasbro,[17] this time) since the 1970s.
although the companies ocial statement indicated that
existing product would be sold through. New product In 2001, G.I. Joe honored the events of the 1941 attack on
shipments were halted by Hasbro, but existing Retalia- Pearl Harbor by releasing a line of Pearl Harbor gures.
tion gures were available in Target, Wal-Mart, and Toys In 2003 Hasbro announced the release of the 40th AnR Us as late as December 2012.[18] The toyline was re- niversary G.I. Joe line. This line featured reproductions
of the earliest G.I. Joe gures and accessories originally
released in the United States in February 2013.[19]
made in 1964.
In November 2006 a reproduction Land Adventurer G.I.
Joe gure was released as an exclusive to Hot Topic
stores. The gure was a reproduction of the Land AdIn 2014, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of G.I. Joe, a venturer with the Kung Fu Grip and came in the Cofnew line of gures was released, using characters from n style box. A reproduction Talking Adventure Team
the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero cartoon series. This Commander was also released in a limited run of 1,970
series continues in 2015.
issues.

2.11 50th Anniversary (2014-present)

4.2

3.3

Short-lived lines (19941997)

Masterpiece (19961997)

4.2 Short-lived lines (19941997)

As a follow-up to the Real American Hero toyline, Sgt.

Savage and his Screaming Eagles gures debuted in late
1994. It was canceled after only two waves of gures were
In 1997, the original G.I. Joe gure returned via the G.I. released, due to a combination of scarce marketing and,
Joe Masterpiece Edition, a unique book-and-gure prod- therefore, low sales.
uct created by Chronicle Books with assistance from Don
Levine, former creative director of Hasbro Toys and the In 1995, G.I. Joe Extreme gures were introduced by
Kenner Toys (who had merged with Hasbro in late 1994,
driving force behind the original Joe concept.[21]
taking over their boys toys production). Along with the
release of toys, G.I. Joe Extreme featured a comic book,
published by Dark Horse Comics, and a Gunther-Wahlproduced cartoon series which ran for two seasons.
3.4 Timeless Collection (19982003)
Main article: G.I. Joe: Masterpiece Edition

Main article: G.I. Joe: Timeless Collection

4.3 Sigma 6 (20052007)

During the late 1990s Hasbro built on the renewed interest in authentic reproductions of G.I. Joe established
by the Masterpiece Edition reproduction book/gure set;
they bought the rights to the ME gure and released a
range of store exclusive reproduction gure sets, with the
character of the sixties G.I. Joe boxed sets.

Main article: G.I. Joe: Sigma 6

4
4.1

Other licensees
Super Joe (19771978)

In 1977, Hasbro released the Super Joe Adventure Team,

and took the battle between good and evil to the stars. The
gures were scaled down to 8 inches, similar in size to
Mego's Superheroes line of action gures. The line was
a hybrid of superhero and space action gures with new
features incorporated such as battery powered back-pack
lights and motorized accessories. The hero Super Joe
characters, Super Joe Commander (Caucasian/African
American) and Super Joe (Caucasian/African American)
had a One-Two Punch that could be activated by pressing panels on the gures back. The majority of these
gures used Kung-Fu grip style plastic in the joints and
hands. Unfortunately, with age, the material degrades,
leaving even unopened gures missing limbs and hands.

2005 saw the introduction of a new line called G.I. Joe:

Sigma 6, consisting initially of an 8 scale selection of
action gures distinguished by their extensive articulation and accessories. Sigma 6 combined entirely new
characters with already familiar characters from the 3.75inch (9.5 cm) Real American Hero line. Its release
was accompanied by a television series produced by the
Japanese animation studio GONZO, and a comic book
mini-series published by Devils Due. Hasbro also expanded the Sigma 6 line to include a 2" scale selection
of vehicles, play sets, and gurines with limited articulation.
2007 saw the re-branding of the 8 line. The Sigma Six
branding was dropped in the spring of 2007. Subsequent
8 gures were branded simply as G.I. Joe action gures
and divided into dierently packaged sub-groups such as
Combat Squad, Commandos, and Adventure Team. The
entire 8 product line was canceled by the end of 2007,
although Hasbro considers the 8 gures a success and
may revisit the scale in the future.

4.4 Sideshow Collectibles (2009present)

In 2009, Sideshow Collectibles began releasing its own
line of G.I. Joe gures under license from Hasbro. These
highly detailed gures oer new looks at key characters. In addition, Sideshow also created Figure Environments, which were small diorama pieces intended to
enhance the display of their gures.[22] A line of gures
was featured at Comic-Con 2012.[23]

Unlike the original G.I. Joe collection, the Super Joe collection was developed from the start with a play-pattern
of Good vs Evil. Super Joe Commander and the Adventure Team (Man of Action, and Adventurer) with their
alien comrades The Night Fighters, Luminos and The
Shield, ght against the evil Gor, King of the Terrons,
Terron, The Beast from Beyond, and his orange-eyed ally 4.5
Darkon, the half-man half-monster.

Real people honored with G.I. Joe gures

Super Joe was discontinued by the end of 1978. The

same basic body molds were used later by a subsidiary Main article: List of real people honored with G.I. Joe
of Hasbro to produce a line of action gures based on the gures
TV series Space Academy.

OTHER MEDIA

The G.I. Joe brand has made promotional action gures ing is half the battle.[25] The series ran for a total of 95
based on real-life persons, both military and civilian, that episodes, from 1985 to 1986.
the company deems Real American Heroes.
The animated series was canceled after the release of G.I.
Joe: The Movie, but made a signicant return in 1989,
with the animation company DiC taking over where
5 Other media
Sunbow/Marvel left o. That year, DiC released a 5-part
mini-series entitled Operation: Dragonre, in which
the Joes faced o once again against Cobra as they tried
5.1 Comics
to take control of an energy source known only as 'dragonre.' In this mini-series, Cobra Commander was also
Main article: G.I. Joe (comics)
returned to a semi-human state by the energy itself while
Serpentor, the Cobra emperor, was turned into an iguana
G.I. Joe originated from a comic strip in the 1940s called by the dragonre. The animated series proved to be a
Private Breger.[12] G.I. Joe re-appeared in the 1980s as bit of a success as DIC made 2 more seasons (199091);
a promotional comic book, produced by Marvel Comics. however, the series ended after 1991.
The success of the main title led Marvel Comics to produce a secondary title, G.I. Joe: Special Missions which Following the Operation: Dragonre series was the
lasted 28 issues. The main series released its nal issue "G.I. Joe Extreme" series in 1995 created by Sunbow
#155 in December 1994, coinciding with the end of the Productions. This new animated series was based upon
the G.I. Joe Extreme toy line. This series was canceled
Real American Hero toy line.
after 2 seasons (199597), along with the toy line.
In July 2001, Devils Due Publishing acquired the rights
to G.I. Joe and released a four-issue limited series entitled G.I. Joe had no series on the air until its resurgence in
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (Reinstated). The new the 2000s which accompanied a new interest in the Real
series picked up seven years after the end of the Marvel American Hero toy line, and new lines including Spy
Comics series, and also used elements from the animated Troops (2003), Valor vs. Venom (2004), and Sigma 6
TV series. Strong sales led to Reinstated being upgraded (2005-2007). This short-lived series was followed by G.I.
to ongoing, and DDP also published other G.I. Joe titles Joe: Resolute (2008), which was originally released as
outside the existing continuity. DDPs license with Has- mini webisodes, with the full series later broadcast on
Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. This new series was
bro expired in 2008 and was not renewed.
more realistic and contained graphic violence and dark
In 2009, IDW Publishing began to publish the series themes, with Cobra portrayed as a serious threat, which
again. IDWs G.I. Joe series is a complete reboot of the was dierent from the original and preceding series. In
property, ignoring the continuity from the Marvel and 2010, The Hub launched G.I. Joe: Renegades, in which
Devils Due incarnations of the comic. However, the G.I. the Joes became fugitives seeking to clear their names
Joe: A Real American Hero series originally published by and Cobra worked towards world domination under the
Marvel Comics in the 1980s and 1990s was revived as an guise of a pharmaceutical company.
ongoing series in May 2010 with a special #155 issue,
and followed by #156 onwards in July 2010. The series
directly picks up from the end of the Marvel Comics series and ignores the Devils Due continuity completely.
5.3 Film

5.2

Cartoon

Main article: G.I. Joe (disambiguation) Television

The premise of the 1985 cartoon series was good vs.
evil. The shows opening theme song included the narration: G.I. Joe is the code name for Americas daring,
highly trained special mission force. Its purpose: to defend human freedom against Cobra, a ruthless terrorist
organization determined to rule the world.[24]
The show featured physical ghting and high-tech
weapons as a way to compensate for toned-down violence
and lack of bullets in what was intended to be a childrens program. The show also featured public service
announcements placed at the end of each show. These
PSAs ended with the phrase: Now I know!" And know-

Main article: G.I. Joe (lm series)

See also: G.I. Joe (disambiguation) Films
Many movies have been made based upon G.I. Joe and
the toy lines that developed from the action gure. The
G.I. Joe: Real American Hero cartoon series was followed
up by G.I. Joe: The Movie. The lm had been released
direct-to-video in 1987 because of the perceived box ofce failure of another animated movie The Transformers: The Movie. Inspired by viewers reaction to Optimus
Primes death, G.I. Joe: The Movie was re-dubbed, cutting out the death of one of the main characters, Duke.
Instead, he falls into a coma and recovers (unseen) at the
movies end. Also, the main villain, Cobra Commander,
met his own demise when he was turned into a living
snake by mutant spores created by a new enemy, CobraLa.

5.4

Video games

A direct to video animated series was created for the Sgt.

Savage line, packaged with an exclusive Sgt. Savage gure in 1994. Next in the G.I. Joe-based line of movies
was the 2003 release of Spy Troops: The Movie, Hasbros
rst computer animated feature which coincided with the
release of its Spy Troops header line. Next followed
Valor vs. Venom (2004), in response to sales from Spy
Troops. This was Hasbros second commissioned feature using computer graphics to coincide with the line of
the same name. By 2005, Hasbro had entered into an exclusive agreement with Paramount Pictures to have them
distribute any future, features based on the Real American Heroes line, but by the time a third movie was to
be created, this time called, Attack of the BATS, Hasbros
sales on the Real American Heroes line had once again
slumped, and the project was scrapped.

5.4 Video games

Main article: List of G.I. Joe video games

There were several video game adaptations of G.I. Joe,

including G.I. Joe: Cobra Strike by Parker Brothers for
the Atari 2600 and Intellivision (1983), G.I. Joe: A
Real American Hero by Epyx for the Apple II and the
Commodore 64 (1985), Action Force by Virgin Games
for the Commodore 64 (1987), a G.I. Joe video game by
Taxan for the Nintendo Entertainment System (1991), a
G.I. Joe arcade game by Konami for arcades (1992), and
G.I. Joe: The Atlantis Factor by Capcom for the Nintendo
Entertainment System (1992).[30] A game for Wii, Xbox
360, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PSP and Nintendo DS
was released to coincide with the rst live-action G.I. Joe
In 2009 Stephen Sommers directed a big budget Hol- lm, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra.
lywood live-action movie based on G.I. Joe. The rst
lm in what is intended to be a franchise, is G.I. Joe:
The Rise of Cobra, stars Channing Tatum in the role 6 See also
of Duke, Ray Park in the role of Snake-Eyes, Jonathan
Pryce in the role of The President of the United States,
1:6 Scale Modeling, a.k.a. Playscale Miniaturism
and Joseph Gordon-Levitt in the role of Cobra Commander. Tatum describes the lm as being a cross between X Action Figure
Men, Transformers and Mission Impossible: Its a huge
Action Force
$170 million movie. Its just a big kid sort of driven
lm.[26] The movie showcased the main members of G.I.
Action Man
Joe and Cobra. While some characters held true to the
cartoon adaptations, others diered markedly in signi Big Jim, a similar action gure series made by Mattel
cant respects. As well, the storyline gave a dierent foundation for the battle between G.I. Joe and Cobra. The
Eagle Force
movie is based in present time (however at the begin G.I. Joes, a former sports store unrelated to the sening of the movie it states In the not too distant future)
ries closed in 2009
and shows glimpses of each characters history. In the
movie, Cobra sets out to cause destruction using high tech
Donald Levine, a Hasbro executive credited as the
weapons and sell them to ruthless terrorists. The G.I. Joe
father of G.I. Joe
members join together to stop Cobra from becoming a
global terrorist organization.
List of G.I. Joe series
To promote the lm, G.I. Joe: The Invasion of Cobra Is The Story of G.I. Joe
land was produced as a viral campaign. The short animated two-parter used stop motion and puppet animation utilizing Hasbros toy line, and was produced by R.M.
7 References
Productions Ltd.
The sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation was scheduled to be released in June 2012 but was delayed until March 2013.[27]
In the lm, the Joes are framed as traitors by Zartan, who
is still impersonating the President of the United States,
and Cobra Commander now has all the world leaders under Cobra's control, with their advanced warheads aimed
at innocent populaces around the world. Outnumbered
and out gunned, the Joes form a plan with the original
G.I. Joe General Joseph Colton to overthrow the Cobra
Commander and his allies Zartan, Storm Shadow and
Firey.[28][29]

[1] Father of G.I. Joe Donald Levine Dead at 86.

Haaretz.com.
[2] Donald Levine, toy exec who developed G.I. Joe, dies at
86. The Washington Post. Retrieved 2014-05-27.
[3] Fletcher, Dan (2009-08-07). A BRIEF HISTORY OF
G.I. Joe. Time. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
[4] Wharton, David (1994-07-05). Boys and Their Toys.
The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-08-23.
[5] Why Do We Say g.i."?".
[6] Gi | Dene Gi at Dictionary.com.
Dictionary.reference.com. 1999-01-27. Retrieved 2014-02-18.

[7] Wordorigins.org. Wordorigins.org. Retrieved 2014-0218.

[8] Gittleson, Kim (2014-02-18). BBC News - How did
GI Joe become the worlds most successful boys toy?".
Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-02-18.
[9] February 2, 1964: G.I.Joe Released. Day in Tech History - Daily Tech History Podcast & Blog 365 Days a Year.
[10] Truitt, Brian (2010-04-14). Larry Hama relaunches his
'80s 'G.I. Joe 'series. USA Today. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
[11] G.I. Joe Original Prototype (Hasbro, 1964). TenHUT! Stand at attention for the ve-star general of G.I.
Joe collectibles. Th... Memorabilia: Miscellaneous.
Comics.ha.com. 2003-07-18. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
[12] The life and time of G.I. Joe. The Chicago Tribune.
Retrieved 2010-08-07.
[13] A History of G.I. Joe Releases, p. 6, http://www.
halfbattle.com/history6.html, accessed 30 June 2014
[14] YoJoe.com, http://www.yojoe.com/action/98/ accessed
30 June 2014

EXTERNAL LINKS

[27] Fritz, Ben; Boucher, Geo (23 May 2012). Paramount

delays 'G.I. Joe: Retaliation' release until 2013. Latimes.com.
[28] MTV Grills Channing Tatum About His Death In GI
Joe Retaliation - GI Joe News. Hisstank.com. 2012-0131. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
[29] Arnold Vosloo Returns As Zartan In GI Joe II Retaliation
- GI Joe News. Hisstank.com. 2011-07-20. Retrieved
2011-09-30.
[30] Games. Yojoe.Com. Retrieved 2011-05-23.

8 External links
YoJoe.com - The Comprehensive G.I. Joe Database
G.I. Joe and the Action Figure

8.1 Ocial sites

Ocial G.I. Joe Hasbro site

[15] G.I. Joe Toys, Action Figures, Vehicles, and more at.
Hasbrotoyshop.com. Retrieved 2011-05-23.

The Ocial G.I. Joe Collectors ClubLicensed by

Hasbro

[16] G.I. Joe Action Figure and Toy Collecting News - A Real
American Hero (2012-02-03). Hasbro Reveals G.I. Joe:
Retaliation Lineup. Arealamericanhero.com. Retrieved
2012-05-08.

The Ocial G.I. Joe Collectors Convention

Licensed by Hasbro

[17] Marc Graser (2012-05-25). Yanking G.I. Joe toys with

retailers. Variety.com. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
[18] Target Toy Clearance Haul. Youtube.com. Retrieved
2014-02-18.
[19] GI JOE Retaliation: 2012 Movie Line. Hasbro.com.
Retrieved 2012-08-09.
[20] Santelmo, Vincent (1994). The Ocial 30th Anniversary
Salute To G.I. Joe 19641994. Krause Publications. p.
129. ISBN 0-87341-301-6.
[21] Behind the Scenes. Fullyarticulated.com. Retrieved
2011-05-23.
[22] Collectibles | Sideshow Collectibles. Sideshowtoy.com.
Retrieved 2014-02-18.
[23] Nikole Zivalich (2012-07-25). G.I. Joe Collectibles
From Sideshow At Comic-Con 2012. Retrieved 201208-14.
[24] G.I. Joe A Real American Hero: Season Two. DVD
Talk. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
[25] Aug 7, 2009 @ 03:13 PM (2009-08-07). All 28 original G.I. Joe cartoon PSAs. Gametrailers.com. Retrieved
2011-05-23.
[26] Channing Tatum: Fighting. SuicideGirls.com. 24 April
2009. Retrieved 2009-04-24.

The Ocial Canadian G.I. Joe ConventionApproved by Hasbro Canada

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1

Text

G.I. Joe Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.I._Joe?oldid=755932712 Contributors: The Anome, William Avery, Hephaestos, Olivier,
Rickyrab, Chuq, Leandrod, AntonioMartin, Frecklefoot, Kchishol1970, Dominus, Liftarn, Ixfd64, Chinju, Gbleem, Ellywa, DropDeadGorgias, Nikai, Inturnaround, Conti, Nikola Smolenski, Ehn, Arteitle, K1Bond007, Carol Fenijn, Lobo 8712, Marc omorain, Finlay
McWalter, RadicalBender, DavidA, Postdlf, Timrollpickering, Danceswithzerglings, DocWatson42, Beefman, Misterkillboy, Greyengine5,
Netoholic, Everyking, Gamaliel, Revth, Iceberg3k, Alvestrand, SWAdair, Bobblewik, Chowbok, Utcursch, Alexf, Ihavenolife, SAMAS,
Egan Loo, Sam Hocevar, Anirvan, Oknazevad, Esperant, Kate, Dr.frog, Mr Bound, Poccil, SparqMan, Discospinster, Kevin Jones,
Horkana, Alistair1978, Bender235, Ruyn, Kross, Mickeymousechen~enwiki, Bdoserror, Balok, TMC1982, Semper discens, Bobo192,
Deathawk, 23skidoo, DimaDorfman, Smalljim, Brim, ZayZayEM, Clarkbhm, Angie Y., Joylock, Apostrophe, Pearle, Hooperbloob, Jason One, Storm Rider, Orzetto, Alansohn, Gary, Anthony Appleyard, SonicTailsKnuckles, GRider, Free Bear, PatrickFisher, Ashley
Pomeroy, Gulfstorm75, Scarecroe, Malo, David Henderson, SidP, Erik, TaintedMustard, ReyBrujo, Evil Monkey, Drat, BDD, Versageek,
Mahanga, Mosesroth, Kelly Martin, Firsfron, Woohookitty, LOL, ^demon, MONGO, Hailey C. Shannon, Ch'marr, SCEhardt, Liface,
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Gmorishige, EEMIV, Rwalker, MacMog, CLW, Geopgeop, Imaninjapirate, Nikkimaria, KGasso, , BorgQueen, JuJube, JLaTondre,
Spooksh, Katieh5584, RG2, Meegs, JDspeeder1, TJF588, FrozenPurpleCube, Drcwright, SmackBot, ThreeDee912, KnowledgeOfSelf,
Destron Commander, McGeddon, Dwanyewest, Delldot, Eskimbot, Rojomoke, Chaosfeary, HalfShadow, Mauls, Xaosux, Betacommand, Skizzik, Psiphiorg, Chris the speller, Bluebot, Gonzalo84, Chris Keating, Persian Poet Gal, OrangeDog, SchftyThree, Victorgrigas,
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Runeybu, Nakon, Dreadstar, Cy Guy, Derek R Bullamore, Ryan Roos, Uliwitness, AdmiralMemo, Salamurai, Marcus Brute, Nmpenguin,
Kukini, DCB4W, Harryboyles, Gryon, Kuru, Danny B. (usurped), Soumyasch, Robosh, Horrorend138, Wren337, Panda2005, SpyMagician, Andypandy.UK, Beetstra, Mathewignash, Geologyguy, Evilsh, DabMachine, RazorLight, LeyteWolfer, Gholam, Cadetmiller,
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Steel, Crossmr, Phil in the 818, Gogo Dodo, Bellerophon5685, Khatru2, Jordanlund, Mrstonky, Benjiboi, Dbenson, Sgetz, After Midnight,
Epbr123, Seth0708, GentlemanGhost, Mojo Hand, LeeNapier, Jojan, Marek69, Alientraveller, JustAGal, Siawase, X96lee15, Noclevername, Escarbot, Mentisto, Aruo, Davismaximus, AdamDeanHall, Sextiliana, Klow, Ingolfson, ClassicSC, Dan D. Ric, Heinlein99,
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, Kagab, Full-date unlinking bot, White Shadows, Tim1357, Wearelm24, Enycevic, Zsher323, Mguppy56, Dinamik-bot, Vrenator,
Katerenka, Sumalfernando, Dusty777, Kitfoxxe, Osiris.com2009, Diannaa, Vamav124, Weedwhacker128, Canyq, RjwilmsiBot, TheEditingGreat, Vamaviscool, Autumnalmonk, EmausBot, Acather96, Kikiweekee, Mrsbehr, Hiiiii32, Cmp946, Goat 58+395258585858, GoingBatty, RA0808, Troubadour21, Diamondback567, Syrpens, Noel5man, , Unreal7, Tolly4bolly, L Kensington, Jj98, ClueBot NG, LoneWolfSE, This lousy T-shirt, Luigi swayze, Spunkyhorse, Singhkhanna, Lemonbar77, Widr, Chillllls, MerlIwBot, Candleabracadabra, Actionmangijoe, ISTB351, Simpleshman, Captaindukehauser, YumOooze, Insidiae, Vagner1978, CAWylie, Tamilynnyea, James.zampogna, BattyBot, Miszatomic, The Illusive Man, Grinderyeah, Reglv33, Charles Essie, Mogism, Eman6226, Gulag1945,
Hoppeduppeanut, Transphasic, Spr100399, Derickuy, Onesixthdirectory, AntiCompositeNumber, G S Palmer, Perce1001, Bandersen44,
FEBecker, Ranterslanter, Lonestarr54321, GeneralizationsAreBad, CAPTAIN RAJU, *Treker, The Voidwalker, Shrapnel princess and
Anonymous: 837

9.2

Images

File:Ambox_important.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs)
File:GIJoe_OriginalLineup.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/GIJoe_OriginalLineup.jpg License: Fair use
Contributors: http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20090727063538/gijoe/images/4/40/GIJoeOriginalLineup.jpg Original artist: Hasbro

10

9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:MikePower.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/MikePower.jpg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0 Contributors: ?

Original artist: ?
File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:
Tkgd2007
File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CC
BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Prol by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Prol
File:Toy_Soldier.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Toy_Soldier.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work based on: Toy Soldiers British Coldstream Guards.jpg (a public domain photograph by J. Corey Butler) Original artist:
Editor at Large
File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rei-artur

9.3

Content license

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