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    Ali Hosseini
    The document discusses reservoir characterization and modeling. It describes integrating various data sources like well logs, core data, seismic data, and production data to build accurate reservoir models. The modeling process aims to reduce uncertainties and optimize reservoir management from exploration through production. Building consistent static and dynamic models is important for making good decisions at each development phase.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ok 1 IntroGenCB

    Uploaded by

    Ali Hosseini
    140 views20 pages
    The document discusses reservoir characterization and modeling. It describes integrating various data sources like well logs, core data, seismic data, and production data to build accurate reservoir models. The modeling process aims to reduce uncertainties and optimize reservoir management from exploration through production. Building consistent static and dynamic models is important for making good decisions at each development phase.

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    Ok 1 IntroGenCB

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    The document discusses reservoir characterization and modeling. It describes integrating various data sources like well logs, core data, seismic data, and production data to build accurate reservoir models. The modeling process aims to reduce uncertainties and optimize reservoir management from exploration through production. Building consistent static and dynamic models is important for making good decisions at each development phase.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    140 views20 pages

    Ok 1 IntroGenCB

    Uploaded by

    Ali Hosseini
    The document discusses reservoir characterization and modeling. It describes integrating various data sources like well logs, core data, seismic data, and production data to build accurate reservoir models. The modeling process aims to reduce uncertainties and optimize reservoir management from exploration through production. Building consistent static and dynamic models is important for making good decisions at each development phase.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    Data integration

    in reservoir studies
    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process
    VDG // Methodes
    Methodes
    7,8,9
    7,8,9 june
    june 2006
    2006

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Reservoir characterisation process in order to built a geologica
    geologicall model
    model
    Objectives of reservoir (or geological) models
    A Reservoir Model is a gridded model which represents the Key
    Heterogeneities (main flow unit), an adapted (as realistic as possible) facies
    and petrophysical modelling and which is consistent with 2G&R
    synthesis (all available data)

    It Provides :
    IHIP Calculation (initial hydrocarbons in place estimation)
    Well planning / Geosteering assistance
    Initialization of Dynamic models (flow Simulation) which allow :

    Choice of production profiles and reserves associated with optimised


    scenario

    Adjustment of pressure maintenance policies (gas / water injectors / Enhanced


    Oil Recovery)

    Optimisation of field monitoring


    Definition of development strategy and investigation of works (wells / WO)
    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -2-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    The main phases in the life of a Reservoir
    Exploration
    Discovery
    appraisal
    Field development
    Production profile
    Design

    Project
    Surface
    Well

    Production

    Time
    DISCOVERY

    DECISION
    TO
    DEVELOP

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    PRODUCTION
    START-UP
    -3-

    Abandonment

    END of
    PRODUCTION

    SITE
    REHABILITATION

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Main acquisition and study phases vs. Modelling
    Exploration
    license

    Exploitation license
    W/G

    APPRAISAL

    STUDIES

    OPERATIONS

    EXPLORATION
    Geophysical
    campaigns

    New 3 D seismic
    acquisition

    Pre-project

    Discovery

    Geological and
    Geophysical studies
    Exploration
    topics

    Initial evaluation

    Very
    simplified
    model
    (often 2D)

    Development
    drilling

    Appraisal wells

    Preliminary
    geological scheme

    First 3D model

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    Project
    Surface
    equipment

    Design

    Prospects

    MODELS

    DEVELOPMENT

    - 2G
    - Reservoir
    - Drilling
    - Architecture
    - Production

    3D Reservoir
    model before
    DEV

    -4-

    3D Reservoir
    model
    (post.DEV)

    EXPLOITATION

    New
    Ventures
    (3me
    type)

    Monitoring
    (including. 4D
    seismic)

    W/G injection
    Activation
    Several generations
    of wells
    Study updates:
    -2G
    - Reservoir
    - Architecture
    - Production

    Several 3D reservoir
    models ( 3-4 years)

    Fast-track
    studies
    Screening

    Simplified
    models

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Uncertainties during the development

    Building
    definition

    Uncertainty

    100 %

    Basic
    Engineering
    Initial
    Evaluation

    Building
    Site
    Operations

    Field
    knowledge

    Preliminary
    Study
    Pre-project

    Time

    Discovery

    Decision
    to develop

    Decision to put
    on Stream

    Reservoir Characterisation
    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -5-

    End of
    Production

    Exploitation

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    APPRECIATION

    Reservoir
    1st image

    DEVELOPMENT/ EXPLOITATION
    Production data

    Complementary
    acquisition

    Development

    Predevelopment
    study

    3rd
    image

    2nd
    image

    Discovery well

    Complementary
    development

    Development
    study
    Model

    Assisted
    recovery

    Exploitation
    study
    Model

    Appreciation well
    Seismic

    Exploitation
    works

    Tests
    Petrophysics
    Logs
    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -6-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Data integration for characterisation process to built a model
    Well Data
    Sedimentology

    Petro-acoustic Geology

    Dynamic Data

    Petrophysics

    1997/05/30-1459 : GAS (PSEUDO-P with Mat.Bal.)

    FIELDNAME

    ENDWBS

    BBLS/PSI

    25000

    MD
    1/MSCF/D
    MD-FEET
    FEET (1.00)
    FEET (1.00)

    20000

    o il ra te (b o p d )

    10 -2

    ** Simulation Data **
    well. storage = .00100
    Skin(mech)
    =
    3.97
    permeability
    =
    27.3
    Turbulence
    =
    0.
    Perm-Thickness = 1390.
    +x boundary
    =
    106.
    -x boundary
    =
    375.
    Skin(mech)+DQ = 3.97
    Smoothing Coef = 0.,0.

    10 -3

    DP + DERIVATIVE (MPSI2/CP/MSCF/D)

    Homogeneous Reservoir

    PD=1/2

    15000

    10000

    10 -4

    5000

    10 -3

    10 -2

    10 -1

    10 0

    DT (HR)

    10 1

    VIRGO VIRGO#2

    Thermodynamics - PVT

    Petrophysics
    Geologica
    l scheme

    Seismic

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    - Aquifer
    - Initial equilibrium
    - Wells / Sources
    - Production constraints
    Limit conditions
    -7-

    RESERVOIR
    RESERVOIR MODEL
    MODEL

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Dynamic
    Synthesis

    STRUCTURAL DEFINITION
    Isobaths
    Erosion

    FLUIDS

    Faults

    Contacts
    PVT

    2G Synthesis
    Geological
    scheme

    G-H
    G
    -O
    H-EW
    O

    RESERVOIR INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE


    Sedimentary bodies
    Facies variations
    Petrophysical characteristics
    Fracturing scheme
    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -8-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Data to integrate : structural aspect

    Geophysical data
    - 2D/3D seismic (Exploration), 3D (Reservoir)
    - Well tail : VSP
    - Lateral view : Oriented VSP

    - Topography
    - Processing

    Wells data
    - Stratigraphic layering calibrated at wells
    - Cores, clabs (lateral cores), cuttings
    - Conventional logs

    - Structural interpretation (bedding, faults)


    - Dipmeter

    Integrated interpretation =
    Geophysicist + Structural Geologist
    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -9-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Data to integrate : internal architecture

    Reservoir characteristics
    - Lithology
    - Petrophysics (O, K, special measurements)

    - Continuous coring
    - Logs
    - Logs recorded on cores

    Reservoir evolution
    - Sedimentology :

    - Continuous coring
    - Logs, FMS, FMI, RMN
    - Quantified conceptual models
    - Well tests : sedimentary bodies dimensions
    - Analogues

    Litho-stratigraphical seismic :
    Diagenesis :

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    - PSV for fine calibration


    - 3D vertical resolution

    - Geochemical analysis on samples (cores, clabs)

    -1010-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Data to integrate : fluids

    Nature
    - Shows during drilling
    - Conventional Logs
    - Well tests
    - Sampling : RFT/MDT - Well tests (Bottom - Surface)

    Interfaces position
    - Shows
    - Conventional Logs
    - Pressure versus Depth diagrams : (RFT, MDT)

    Interfaces displacement
    - Production History :
    Qo, Qw, Qg , WOR, GOR, water salinity- Production Logs

    - Repetitive seismic (4D)


    - Tracers

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1111-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    In conclusions

    The geological image should imperatively provide :

    The structural aspect with its uncertainties


    - The reservoir internal architecture and its heterogeneities
    - The nature of the fluids and their distribution

    These data are absolutely necessary to build


    the reservoir simulation model

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1212-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Upgrading the prospect or the field geological image
    Since exploration phase to the end of exploitation phase
    This geological image governs the company strategy :
    - During the Exploration phase :
    - Well location

    - During the Appraisal phase at the level of the reservoir :


    - Accumulation and reserve evaluation,
    - Development economy

    - During the Development phase :


    - Well location

    - During the Exploitation phase :


    - Sweeping efficiency optimisation

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1313-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    A test : how analysing a production history ?
    Q 106 m3 Year

    GOR
    P

    1.5

    300

    WOR
    30

    GOR

    200

    20

    Qwi 100

    10

    1.
    P
    Qo
    .5

    WOR

    65

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    70

    75

    80
    -1414-

    85

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Three phases of this field life

    71

    - Qo
    P
    - GOR

    weak aquifer
    degassing limit

    71 - 75

    - Water Injection P
    Sw
    Qo

    75

    - Variable water injection


    - Infill wells
    P
    GOR

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1515-

    GOR

    Qo Stabilised

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Actions on the field

    66 - 71

    - Doing nothing
    - Observation

    71 75 - Dynamical diagnostic
    - Treatment
    - Recovery
    76 - 84

    - Constant adaptation to keep Qo as high as possible

    How to be reactive without a geological model


    interpreted in term of DYNAMICAL UNITS ?

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1616-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Why applying a reservoir characterisation process ? (1)

    Reservoir characterisation :
    - Gives a field image adapted to each development phase
    - Reduce the uncertainties during its whole life time
    - Is time dependant because function of the problems to solve (scale notion)
    - Is dependant on the available data

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1717-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Why applying a reservoir characterisation process ? (2)

    Should give an optimised field image with a diagnostic on :


    - The fundamental heterogeneities, at each step of its development
    - The field behaviour

    To manage the fluid movements inside the reservoir

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1818-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Why applying a reservoir characterisation process ? (3)

    Reservoir studies should precise the geological image of a field :


    - Will directly influence the company strategy from the exploration
    phase to the end of the exploitation phase,
    - Deals with different techniques used by technicians with different
    approaches and backgrounds,
    - Require a strong data integration and consistency, particularly
    between static and dynamic data

    To take the right decision in the right context

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    -1919-

    Introduction to the reservoir characterisation process


    Diagnosis

    2G & R
    synthesis

    Analysis

    Test

    Geomodeling

    Simulation

    Reservoir analogues
    Regional
    geological
    data
    Seismic
    data
    Well data

    QC of data
    and
    building
    of the DB

    Definition
    of study
    (pre-study)

    Study
    objectives

    Geological
    synthesis

    Analysis and
    interpretation
    of data

    Reports by
    specialities

    KOM

    OIP
    GIP

    Making
    geological
    and
    reservoir
    synthesis
    consistent

    Sensitivity
    tests to flow
    parameters

    Reservoir
    synthesis

    Study
    review
    If calculation
    of underground HIP

    Integrated 2G2G-Res Modelling

    VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

    Construction
    of the
    gridded
    reservoir
    model

    -2020-

    Development
    scenarios

    Initialisation
    of flow
    model

    1P / 2P / 3P
    production
    profiles and
    reserves
    related to
    scenarios

    Simulation
    of flow

    COM GIS

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