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    Su. Ts In: M R12s V

    Uploaded by

    Bahman Matouri
    1. Rock mechanics provides the necessary theories to explain stresses in rocks around boreholes. When a borehole is drilled into rock, it disturbs the in situ stress conditions of the rock. 2. The change in stress results in both elastic and permanent deformations of the rock. At shallow depths, most rocks are in an elastic stress state with no apparent permanent deformations. 3. The radius of a zone of permanently deformed rock around the borehole, known as the extended zone, can be calculated using rock mechanics equations. The size of this zone depends on factors like depth and the properties of the rock and borehole fluid.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Su. Ts In: M R12s V

    Uploaded by

    Bahman Matouri
    47 views20 pages
    1. Rock mechanics provides the necessary theories to explain stresses in rocks around boreholes. When a borehole is drilled into rock, it disturbs the in situ stress conditions of the rock. 2. The change in stress results in both elastic and permanent deformations of the rock. At shallow depths, most rocks are in an elastic stress state with no apparent permanent deformations. 3. The radius of a zone of permanently deformed rock around the borehole, known as the extended zone, can be calculated using rock mechanics equations. The size of this zone depends on factors like depth and the properties of the rock and borehole fluid.

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    1. Rock mechanics provides the necessary theories to explain stresses in rocks around boreholes. When a borehole is drilled into rock, it disturbs the in situ stress conditions of the rock. 2. The change in stress results in both elastic and permanent deformations of the rock. At shallow depths, most rocks are in an elastic stress state with no apparent permanent deformations. 3. The radius of a zone of permanently deformed rock around the borehole, known as the extended zone, can be calculated using rock mechanics equations. The size of this zone depends on factors like depth and the properties of the rock and borehole fluid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    47 views20 pages

    Su. Ts In: M R12s V

    Uploaded by

    Bahman Matouri
    1. Rock mechanics provides the necessary theories to explain stresses in rocks around boreholes. When a borehole is drilled into rock, it disturbs the in situ stress conditions of the rock. 2. The change in stress results in both elastic and permanent deformations of the rock. At shallow depths, most rocks are in an elastic stress state with no apparent permanent deformations. 3. The radius of a zone of permanently deformed rock around the borehole, known as the extended zone, can be calculated using rock mechanics equations. The size of this zone depends on factors like depth and the properties of the rock and borehole fluid.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    ,.

    ,.,

    ...,,

    ..

    Rock
    and
    Dee .
    Yells.
    Part 1,
    . Mechanics of Boreholes ..
    ----, E2-tiE
    7/94/7T&,-# fld~ti~
    7./ @cg/Co7
    .
    ?
    Q&s2ti<
    ~~y
    dA
    Hock rnechmics p.rovidI
    s the .necessary
    theories to explain
    .

    ground, the triaxiaSstate Q13stressis distu~bed and tl~e


    rock will have

    the tendency to fillthe space. The change oftho stress cor:ditionre- u


    /
    su.~ts in deio?mation. The deforms.tion~in ,general,consists of m
    R12s V
    tic and a permanent compbnent. The elastic deformations ms.ybecome
    hi@ier inrocks t~ithstrong cohesion, as,these can sto& considers-ble

    .
    elastic stresses. At relatively shallowdepths,most rocks are in an
    ,,

    elastic state of stress$ no appare.nt


    pernmnent del?ormationsare px%sen.t.
    Elastic,stresses &*ound

    --

    ,+.

    ...+.+----

    ..-

    . .....

    .. ..

    . .

    ..

    ..

    . ..

    . .

    borehole

    ... +.. . . .->-------...-.. -.=. ... ..... --..

    .
    -..

    . .

    .. --

    . . ..

    .. .

    .,.

    ..

    . .

    4
    .. ...

    . .

    ...-

    +. . ... . ..

    ..~s.,..-... .... . .. . . ...... .:.../ ,. .:.. ,s...s: .-,~-.. ,. !-.


    -.,.-.

    -.

    ..

    ----

    ._-_-::.;

    ;-...

    ~.~,

    . . .

    -__-&.:

    -
    --

    = -----

    -.
    1---

    .!

    .-&

    .
    ..-

    ..-

    ...-. . .

    ..-.

    . . . . . ---.-

    --

    .-.

    *.7.7

    ,
    .:...~~~~~

    ++

    ...

    .,.

    ,-.

    -!

    ...
    J

    i
    .{

    ,,r.

    7%

    7?-1-:.-.:,

    ,-

    - $

    **..*

    1)

    rials have m = 8to 20, they transmit vary small horizontal strQss~s.
    For ideally eilasticmaterials, like steel m = 3.3~ the

    traltititt@.

    ~cIrplastic materials the Poigson,constamt is almost 22 alnost hy~o static stre


    S3 condition,
    As the borehole approach~s to.the con~id~redpoint, theuniform stress distribution starts to change,sm.dthe resulting .nbw

    --
    ..- -..
    .,
    .

    do not f62.lowat all T300ke


    Ss law,

    so

    that the c;Lassics.1.


    olasticitiy

    theory has .novalidity ~or them, HaweverI,the classical elasticity

    For ideally elastic materials, like

    steel

    = j

    3 j ,the trmumd-tted

    horizontal stress is smmwha$ less tharhalf


    of the vertjCS3.strass,
    ,,
    Fon plastic materials the Poisson cJAtant
    .,
    .,
    static stress bondition~
    ,

    is almost 2, almost hydro-

    AS the borehole app~oache.~


    to the c~l~ideredl?oint.
    he i-

    ._>

    zont al
    h.ori
    fi$JLU??
    ~~ where tl-MJ

    vt3rtiAd

    Stre

    Sses

    in

    main t-he
    the

    $Jl
    1-

    /.

    the

    T*(2I23C
    r%t

    .- ..

    L_,--------.=...
    .............-}

    J,,., i

    /r.

    , ),

    .,
    I

    f,

    .,

    ,..

    p.

    mud hydrostatic pressure.

    :.
    a rsdid
    The mud hydrostatic pressure creaims,,

    pvessure on tha

    .,! .,

    ,,0-

    ,,
    ,. .-.,

    :;:.;
    . ..
    ...1

    ft in mud-fi2.3.ed
    boreholes~
    Yield
    ....i-nImreholes

    ...

    ..
    ,.

    . . .
    ..,

    <.
    1
    1.

    . .

    ,,

    .,

    Cormo??.
    Whatever is the yieldsfracture or plastic flowjthe stress
    will-decrease considerably

    so .thst the rnaximaof stresses will be

    not more on the wall Of the circular cross sections but inside in the

    .,

    and ik.iS
    Et

    reliable

    ~p~~O&lGkl

    fOP

    l?10St

    .,
    .-

    ,.

    )!

    pending differential equations for the stressfunctions,,and the ~res,/.


    ses outside the extended.zone
    will
    becomeg

    *b..i

    7El)
    ,,..

    and the ?&actian stress

    zon6 diameter(==
    b)&d

    the

    ib)

    ...-.--. ..-.
    .

    FIGURE
    7

    .
    .
    $:.
    ,,
    (.

    ,,
    1

    /
    I.x

    -:..,:

    ..-----+..

    --

    -l.-p.

    --

    ..

    .+.l

    ..:;

    ::1

    ...!..!-

    , i.

    ..+;:

    .
    .

    ..$.
    /

    ~::

    .!

    .!,.,

    .;

    :,
    :!

    .(
    ,

    .,

    -.--.
    ,.

    ,.:4
    )

    ,..
    .[{

    ---:3
    :4-.+.:-,
    !

    !:
    .

    ., .-i

    A
    . ..,

    !
    /

    *XI:

    ;>,,,,/

    ...
    ~
    ...
    .>

    ,,

    .;
    .

    ---

    -.

    ..

    .
    .

    ,..

    . ..

    ,,
    . .

    ,-:,

    ,
    t

    ...-..,
    , .,,-...<!
    .,,
    .!,..

    ~ >,
    ,

    .....

    .
    ..

    ,:.

    ,!,,!.

    .
    . >..

    ,i

    ..

    .,

    !,.,

    .,,
    ,,,

    :,]

    ,. .-.

    .,1

    . .
    .,

    ,-.

    ..:.: :,l,.,.!.,;

    .... . .

    -.,

    .
    #

    .A

    l,-..,

    .,.

    ,.

    -. ...,
    . . :, I

    .,. ,

    if
    ~1

    flt
    i.

    -
    ,,.

    (,

    . . ..-.
    <.

    ,.

    .-

    ..

    -i

    ,.

    !?ric<tiall

    :,0(!;:

    coeffic

    O.-ir
    J,,
    )
    /.,,,
    .*
    . -,

    . ..

    ,,
    ,,

    CM

    so that it can give

    olastic~tyz

    generql idea my
    TIM vokme

    be e~lained

    by

    only

    vay

    rough vah.vas$but the

    it.

    expansion depen~s m

    the reaction Btress which is

    ?
    g

    #
    b

    WLUMECXpANSiON
    IN ffELATloNTo
    OECRCASING WALL PRESSUWOF

    - ~1
    F:

    ~,w

    <-{

    ~E*OLEs
    ;

    ixdm
    ,.,.
    ..-+.

    id.tam

    i---------

    . .

    ..

    --

    ._._

    ---

    Vtil.u%,
    Zcldif no

    tawhole, is

    eualinatwd, -l

    IiwaWall <rafmtian premswe

    .. -

    AND vER~lc~~ SHAFTS. -


    .+
    .

    :
    .

    Ri.gvxe

    ita

    .1

    .Fii&uFe3.0

    ..- .. . ....-... ...=...,.+---- .. .. ...... ~.------- ..... .. ---- .... .... .... . . . . ----. ... . ....,. .... .- -.- . ...

    ..
    .... . J-->-

    r...+
    ......I.. A=

    Kk3x=69t3
    nldri
    stswtil$eel:

    ,/

    ..

    . ,
    ,

    .-..--. - ...-. .._

    I
    .
    .
    .

    _-_..-

    tended zone b may be calculated from the eauati.on:

    On the figure 11 s chax%

    J.Lj

    is presented for the easy calculation


    ..

    of this equation, which gives


    US

    the radius of the extend.

    ed zoner from which the per.


    manent deformation.
    of the
    rock is figured, This d&formation.israther slow,,.
    brm5Buseof the internal
    f~iC~iOn

    of the rOc~O The

    li.ters.tur6
    does not contain
    any daba ,wn the velocity of
    f
    the permanent defQnnation.of

    is

    Figure n
    present, the permanent de.fo~at$ti~l

    stress condition i.tis rather slip


    and

    fmi.nningofcristal

    grains,

    and at ~earlyhy&ostati.c highly

    st~essed stateit is near to a viscous flowe


    .
    The iigura12 shows the radius of the extended zone for an as- .

    <

    sumed borehole, at d~pth down.to 20..000feetj on the leftside for


    ,
    e~ty, on the right side for mud-filled ho~e.:The mud--$.ill~d
    hole.

    shows no perma..nmtdeformation do?m toabout .6(?oQ


    f% depth, o~~lythe

    .!

    clay la~erS al% plastic..Safidstonerernaih~el.


    astiicevenat mdre than
    .
    . ,.
    ...
    . ...... .
    .,
    .-.
    -...-----.,,
    .<
    .
    i $ . . .
    .-. .._
    .-.,...
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    .
    ..-,.
    =-..
    ..
    .
    ..
    -.
    =..--_-,
    .
    .-.
    ..
    -...;
    .!;-:=.:-:,
    $=.--.
    .
    .
    .--.
    ..
    .
    ....
    ...
    ...
    .....>.:
    ..._.
    ......... .m... .....~+:..,-=.
    ..,
    .G........ ----.
    _-.,
    ..,.
    ...
    .. .....=..
    .:.:.,.,
    .=-..
    ,
    .-.
    ,.
    ..
    ----l:.
    ~_.=.L
    --:
    --.
    ,.,
    .-,..:
    ..-
    .-..
    ...
    ...-.
    .
    ..,
    _.
    ...:.>
    ........
    .....
    .,
    :.,.
    ..-...,
    .,...,
    .____
    ......._............,
    -..-:._
    .._.
    ...
    ....-...
    s.
    -=.
    -...+
    :...
    -.,..
    .:
    :~.-.:..:
    =..
    .,,
    ..-
    -.*
    --._________
    .
    .-.:
    -.
    ...-.
    -._.
    .,...,...
    _...
    -_~..;::
    :.
    .
    -.
    .-.
    -..
    -,.
    -.._=

    -.

    .-.-.
    .
    .,.
    ..-.,.
    .
    .,---.-.
    .=.....p=-...---.:
    -.
    ...
    ,..
    ..
    ...-...
    .<
    .. ..
    .:
    ..,...
    .. .....=...a.a.
    -.
    ..*_&.-&.
    a....
    .&--&&_~+&
    ..
    -..-..j.q.<e&J,>_
    ~>~
    ....._+.
    Q-..:
    L-.-:.
    .-.
    ->:-..
    -T--
    A+
    ---L-:
    - =,
    ....
    ...-...-S.+* .-.
    .,-_.
    .-----..=.-.-.....*_...-.,
    ....=-....
    ,:
    .-,.=
    - ......-----,.
    -..~_-m...,..
    ....&=
    ...,--.-.<.
    --L-.
    me.
    ----.
    ..

    -.

    -.

    10.000 ft depth,
    b?s

    tSedlmentaryrock-sare

    -*

    I?wlusor rf4EExrm&?g%oHf

    --IJ--J---=$

    more often stratified, with


    alternate layers M rocks of
    different properties. When
    the Is.yersare relatively
    thin and all of them in tha
    elfisti.c
    state, the rock may

    in the nei@bQuring rocks.


    Ccmclusj.on:
    M

    the foregoing.pages, elastic and pemnment

    deformations Qf

    ...

    ,..

    1--. .

    .(

    References:
    .

    1)

    V. BIises$R.: Mechanilc

    2)

    V. K.arma.n$
    T.: T. I(itteilg,lorscb.~sarbeiten d../.D.J.,No, 118,

    d.,festen Korper im plnstisch-de~om~,blen


    ,,
    Zustand, Mttinger Nachz.1913, pp. W:592

    u. Mechanick, 4.s 1921f.2s . 323-33h ,

    .,

    *.,

    ..

    . ,

    f
    ,

    1!. H.

    Walton:

    Mechanical Properties ofNon-Metal%ic Brittle Materi-

    al.
    s, New York,

    1.958
    .,

    Olszak,

    w.: Non-Homogeneity fin

    Pergamon, London

    Elasticity

    snd Plasticity,

    1959.

    .,.-

    Gall@, E.M.

    Jour.

    Sot.

    Petr.

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