ADA Dan Rather Copeland Deposition

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HARTMAN & WINNICKI, P.C.

Daniel L. Schmutter, Esq.


74 Passaic Street
Ridgewood, New Jersey 07450
Phone: (201) 967-8040
Fax: (201) 967-0590
[email protected]
Attorneys for Plaintiffs,
John Copeland, Pedro Perez, and
Native Leather, Ltd.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
JOHN COPELAND, PEDRO PEREZ, Case No.: 11cv3918
NATIVE LEATHER, LTD.,
Plaintiffs,
v.
DEPOSITION READ-INS OF DAN
CYRUS VANCE, JR., in his Official RATHER
Capacity as the New York County District
Attorney, CITY OF NEW YORK,
Defendants.

Plaintiffs hereby offer the read-ins from the deposition of Dan Rather (Rather)
dated April 27, 2012 attached hereto as Exhibit A.
Attached hereto as Exhibit B is Plaintiffs deposition Exhibit 13, identified and
authenticated at page 10 of the Rather deposition and further marked for evidence as
Exhibit P-31.
Attached hereto as Exhibit C is Plaintiffs deposition Exhibit 14, identified and
authenticated at page 11 of the Rather deposition and further marked for evidence as
Exhibit P-5.

Attached hereto as Exhibit D is Plaintiffs deposition Exhibit 18, identified and


authenticated at page 92 of the Rather deposition and further marked for evidence as
Exhibit P-33.
Attached hereto as Exhibit E is Plaintiffs deposition Exhibit 19, identified and
authenticated at page 106 of the Rather deposition and further marked for evidence as
Exhibit P-32.

Dated: March 11, 2016

/s/ Daniel L. Schmutter


DANIEL L. SCHMUTTER, ESQ.

EXHIBIT A

EXHIBIT A

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT


SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

----------------------------------x
KNIFE RIGHTS, INC.; JOHN COPELAND;:
PEDRO PEREZ,
Plaintiffs,
11

-againstCYRUS R. VANCE, JR.

cv

3918

(BSJ) (RLE)

in his

Official Capacity as the


New York County District Attorney
..

and CITY OF NEW YORK,


Defendants.

----------------------------------x
April 27, 2012
10:04 a.m.

30(b) (6) Deposition of the New York County


District Attorney Cyrus R. Vance, Jr. by
DAN MARTIN RATHER, held at the offices of the
New York County District Attorney's Office,
One Hogan Place, New York, New York, pursuant to
notice, before Donald R. DePew, an RPR, CRR and
---...:'

Notary Public within and for the State of


New York.
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A P P EAR AN C E S:

DAVID JENSEN PLLC


Attorneys for Plaintiffs
111 John Street
New York, New York 10038
BY:

DAVID D. JENSEN, ESQ.

NEW YORK COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE


Attorneys for Defendant District Attorney
Cyrus R. Vance, Jr.
One Hogan Place

.:--

New York, New York 10013


BY:

PATRICIA J. BAILEY, ESQ.,


Assistant District Attorney
-AND-

NEW YORK COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE


80 Centre Street
New York, New York 10013
BY:

EVA MARIE DOWDELL, ESQ.,


Assistant District Attorney
Special Litigation Bureau

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A P P E A R A N C E S (Continued) :

MICHAEL A. CARDOZO
Corporation Counsel of the City of New York
Attorneys for Defendant City of New York
100 Church Street, Room 5-153
New York, New York 10007
BY:

LOUISE LIPPIN, ESQ.,


Assistant Corporation Counsel

ALSO PRESENT:
DOUG RITTER, Chairman, Knife Rights, Inc.
SCOTT BACH, Legal Advisor, Knife Rights, Inc.

-.
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Q.

Now who is your employer?

19

A.

I work for the district attorney of

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New York County.

21

Q.

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Office?

23

A.

24

25

And what's your position in the DA's

My present title is chief of trial

division initiatives.
Q.

Am I correct that you are a career DA


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person?

A.

I've done a bunch of jobs.

Q.

How long have you been with the DA's

Office?

A.

This is my 27th year.

Q.

So what position did you start out with

at the DA's Office?

A.

Assistant -- no, I was an intern.

10

Q.

And I'm sorry, what did you say that your

11
12
13
14
15

current position was?


A.

I'm the chief of trial division

initiatives.
And how long have you been in that

Q.

position?

16

A.

Since June of 2010.

17

Q.

And prior to that what position did you

18

hold?

19

A.

20

unit.

21

Q.

And how long were you in that position?

22

A.

Since 1993.

23

Q.

Now can you give me an idea of what your

I was chief of the firearms trafficking

24

current duties as chief of trial division

25

initiatives entails.
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A.

Sure.

I oversee 30 some bureau based

projects, which are teams of assistant DAs that

focus on discrete violent gangs, housing projects,

high violence areas.

I also oversee and am in the approval

process for utilization of confidential informants.

I also participate in the oversight of and approval

of electronic eavesdropping and video surveillance

10

warrants and their execution.

11

I consult on proactive investigations,

12

generally throughout the trial division of the

13

office.

14

supervisors assign to me.

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a bit.

And I perform the tasks that my

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I also go to court quite

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MR. JENSEN:

11
12

Mark this document as

Plaintiffs' Exhibit 13.


(Plaintiffs' Exhibit 13, Copy of notice

13
14

of deposition, marked for identification, as

15

of this date.)

16

Q.

Mr. Rather, I'd just like to ask you to

17

take a look at the document we just marked as

18

Plaintiffs' Exhibit 13.

19

Is this a document you've seen before?

20

(Witness looks at document.)

21

A.

It is.

22

Q.

And is it your understanding that you're

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24

25

providing testimony today pursuant to this notice?


A.

It is.
MR. JENSEN:

Mark this as Plaintiffs'

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2

Exhibit 14, please.


(Plaintiffs' Exhibit 14, Copy of document

regarding sale of illegal knives, marked for

identification, as of this date.)

Q.

If you would please take a look at this

document that we've marked as Plaintiffs'

Exhibit 14.
First, are you familiar with this

10

document.

11

A.

I am.

12

Q.

And when was the first time that you saw

13

this, if you recall?

14

A.

The day it was issued.

15

Q.

Well, calling your attention to the first

16

sentence there's reference to a large scale

17

investigation into the sale of illegal knives.


Are you familiar with this investigation?

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am.

19

A.

20

Q.

And how are you familiar with it?

21

A.

I participated in it.

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20

So in broad strokes what we did is we

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surveyed retail businesses in our jurisdiction to

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try to learn who was selling, per se, illegal

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knives.

24

there were retail establishments selling, per se,

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illegal knives.

As a result of that survey we found that

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2

So we designed a field investigation, an

undercover investigation, and sent undercovers in

posing as customers to surveil and to purchase

knives that appeared possibly to be illegal,

per se, knives.

activities we obtained knives.

functional tests on each knife and determined

whether they were, per se, illegal or whether they

10

As a result of those undercover


We performed

were not.

11

And as a result of the field

12

investigation we decided to pursue another stage of

13

investigation, which was issuing grand jury

14

subpoenas, which we did, which brought responses

15

from the retailers.

16

deferred prosecution agreements, DPAs, with some of

17

them.

18

Plaintiffs' Exhibit 14, was released, among other

19

things.

20

21

22

Q.

And then we negotiated

As a result of that process this document,

Now what kind of knives did this

investigation concern?
A.

Per se, illegal knives, gravity knives,

23

and switchblades as those are defined by the penal

24

law.

25

Q.

Let me ask you first of all, do you have


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2

any understanding of the meaning of the term

gravity knife aside from penal law?

A.

No.

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.--..

8
9

gravity knife is changed materially since June

10

2010?

11

A.

12

Has your office's view regarding what a

Q.

Before, during, and after that date our

view is what's stated in the penal law.


Does that mean, no, that your view hasn't

13

Q.

14

changed?

15

A.

16
17

It means before, during, and after we

follow the law, the penal law.


Q.

So is your understanding of what the

18

penal law requires with regard to gravity knives,

19

is that the same as it was in June 2010?

20

A.

Yes.

24

Q.

And has the DA's office ever issued a

25

statement or otherwise notified the public that it


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no longer is concerned with retailers selling

prohibited knives in New York City?

A.

Not that I'm aware of.

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19

Okay.

Q.

Did you ever have any meetings

20

with the retailers that this investigation

21

concerned?

22
23

A.

I attended those meetings, some of those

meetings, yeah.

24

Q.

How many meetings were there?

25

A.

A dozen about.
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2

Were the meetings conducted with

Q.

individual retailers or were they conducted with

the retailers as a group?

A.

It was primarily the retailers and their

counsel.

group, it was individual meetings.

have been a meeting where there was more than one

retailer, but I don't recall specifically.

I don't recall meeting with them as a


There might

10

Q.

And when did these meetings take place?

11

A.

They took place in the spring of 2010 and

12

continued a little bit after into June.


I also had some meetings with retailers

13
14

and/or their counsel and the monitor, the

15

independent monitor, after June of 2010.

16

Q.

And those meetings that took place after

17

June of 2010, approximately when did they take

18

place?

19

A.

That summer into that fall.

20

Q.

Now what was the basic purpose of the

21

meetings that were held during the spring of 2010

22

up through June?

23

A.

They had a variety of issues in the

24

agenda.

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compliance.

Some of those meetings were about subpoena


Some of those meetings were

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2
3

And the meetings that you had with the

Q.

monitor, what was the basic nature of those

meetings?

.A-.

negotiations that led to DPAs.

To get the monitorship off to a good

A.

start and make sure that the monitoring was being

accomplished efficiently and fairly.

Q.

And who was the monitor, by the way?

10

A.

It was Frederico Gebauer, it's

11

G-e-b-e-a-u-r (sic).

12

Kroll, K-r-o-1-1.

He's a vice president of

And who was it who selected Kroll as the

13

Q.

14

monitor?

15

A.

The district attorney's office did.

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3
4

5
6

Q.

Now are you the person who is responsible

for negotiating the DPAs that were reached?


A.

I participated in some of that.

That

was not my primary -- my primary responsibility.

Q.

Whose primary responsibility was it?

A.

Michael Kitsis, K-i-t-s-i-s.

Q.

And what is his position?

10

A.

He was the chief of the frauds bureau in

11

the district attorney's office here.

12

Q.

13

DPAs?

14

A.

Are you, yourself,

familiar with the

Yes, I am.

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9
10

Q.

So when was it that the district attorney

began requesting that retailers turn over knives?


A.

We served a series of grand jury

11

subpoenas on retailers that required the retailers

12

to produce, per se, illegal knives, as defined in

13

those grand jury subpoenas.

14

Q.

And with regard to the grand jury

15

subpoenas, was the requirement that the retailers

16

turn over all of their knives that were assertedly

17

prohibited knives?

18

A.

No.

19

Q.

What subset of those knives did.the

20
21

subpoenas seek to recover?


A.

The, per se, illegal knives that were in

22

their possession, as defined by the penal law

23

provisions on gravity knives and switchblades.

24
25

Q.

So what I'm getting at is, did the grand

jury subpoenas require the retailers to turn over


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their full inventory of prohibited knives?

A.

Yes.

Q.

And how did the retailers determine

which knives to surrender?

MS. BAILEY:

If you know.

Objection as to form.

A.

I don't know.

Q.

Do you know whether the DA's office

10

provided them, the retailers, with a list of knives

11

that should be turned over?

12

A.

We did not.

13

Q.

Did any retailers ask for guidance in

14

trying to figure out what knives they should turn

15

over?

16

A.

Yes.

17

Q.

And who did?

18

A.

Most of -- I can't say most.

19

them did.

20

several of them.

21
22
23
24
25

Q.

Many of

I don't recall specifically which ones,

What guidance was your Office able to

provide them?
A.

We referred them to the definition that

was in the subpoenas.


Q.

And would I be correct in my


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(

...

understanding that that definition tracked the

language of the penal law?

4
5
6

A.

It's exactly the penal law

definition of gravity knife and switchblade.


So in substance then they were not

Q.

provided with any guidance aside from the language

of the penal law?

9
10
11

13
14
15
16
17
18

They were provided with the penal law

A.

guidance.
Q.

Right.
But aside from that there was no other

12

.-

Yeah.

guidance that was provided to them; is that right?


A.

No other guidance other than the penal

law definitions.
Q.

What did your office do with these knives

once they had been surrendered?


A.

We vouchered them as evidence with one

19

exception, which was one of the retailers provided

20

their entire inventory of knives and it was a,

21

relatively speaking, small number.

22

hundreds, not thousands.

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It was

And there was an issue of hardship for

24

the retailer.

And so we functionally tested each

25

knife that was provided by that retailer and


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returned the knives which by functional testing

were determined not to be, per se, illegal knives,

we returned those to that retailer.

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Now who actually performed the functional

15

Q.

16

test?

17

A.

I did.

18

Q.

You did, really?

19

A.

I did, yeah.

20

Q.

Did your arm get sore?

21

A.

I spaced it out over a couple of days,

22

and I got some other people to help me.

23

Q.

Well, what other people?

24

A.

There were some paralegals that I had

25

access to.

And I think my deputy might have come

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in the room and done some functional testing with

me.

4
5

Q.

Now did you functionally test each one of

these knives or --

A.

I did.

Q.

You personally did?

A.

Yeah.

I either -- in my hand functionally

tested it or was present when one or more other

10

people did.

11

them, whoever was there and available.

12
13

Q.

Mostly we all functionally tested

Were there knives that were functionally

tested by more than one person?

14

A.

Yeah, I think most of them.

15

Q.

And did you ever have the circumstance

16

arise where a knife passed the functional test with

17

one person, but failed it with

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19

A.

In a fashion.
Gravity knives by law don't have to open

20

each and every time.

21

of the function to meet the elements, but also

22

certainly a test of reasonableness as well.

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The functional test is a test

So, for example -- and this happened

24

that there were -- I don't know how many -- there

25

were knives within Native Leather's subpoenaed


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2

production where if you performed the functional

test ten times, it might open once.

you know, in more a prosecutorial discretion sense,

but also a legal sense, that's not what we're going

to determine to be a gravity knife.

7
8

That would be,

So let me make sure I understand you

Q.

correctly.
If someone performed the functional test

10

-- and we are talking about the functional test for

11

a gravity knife; is that right?

12

A.

Yes.

13

Q.

If someone performed the functional test

14

ten times and a knife opened once, your office's

15

position was that it was not a gravity knife?

16

A.

I'm not telling you what would happen,

17

I'm telling you-- I'm trying to tell you what did

18

happen when we tested these knives.

19

20
21
22
23

Q.

So that's the way that the test was

performed when you did it in 2010?


A.

I mean we wouldn't test every knife

ten times, no.


Q.

But if a knife was tested ten times and

24

it opened once, but not nine times, in 2010 your

25

view was that that was not a gravity knife?


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A.

Right.

Q.

And I just want to understand what your

testimony is.

Is it your testimony that you don't know

whether you would apply that standard again today?

A.

That's not my testimony.

Q.

Would you apply that standard again

today?
MS. BAILEY:

10

And just objection again

11

as to giving advisory opinions.

12

Q.

I'm not asking for an advisory opinion,

13

I'm asking how you enforce the law, which is the

14

central issue in this case.


MS. BAILEY:

15

What you're asking for is

16

to take a hypothetical and say what you would

17

do in this particular case.

18

witness for that.

19

Q.

20

This is not the

The one out of ten policy we've been

discussing, has that --

21

MS. BAILEY:

Objection as to --

22

You're putting words -- and that's not

23

what he testified to in terms of policy.

24

Q.

25

If I showed the transcript of this

deposition to someone who is interested in selling


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knives in New York City, would they be safe to

assume that so long as they only open knives that

did not open more than one time out of ten

attempts, those knives would not be deemed gravity

knives by the district attorney's office?

MS. BAILEY:

You can answer it if you can.

A.

Objection as to form.

I have no idea.

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In terms of applying this functional test

Q.

to these surrendered knives that we've been talking

about from Native Leather, how did you handle the

situation when a knife failed the gravity knife

10
11

. test in the hands of one person and passed it in


the hands of another?

12

A.

We would apply a reasonableness standard

13

to that.

You know, part of it is figuring out what

14

proof beyond a reasonable doubt is.

15

part -- a lot of that is just experience in jury

16

work about whether a jury is going to be able to

17

find a particular knife functions that way.

18

you know, we have to be conservative about that.

19

Q.

You know, and

And,

So if a knife passed the functional

20

gravity knife test in the hands of one person, but

21

failed it in the hands of another, there's no

22

specific way that would be handled; is that right?

23

A.

Every case -- you know, every case is

24

different, every knife is different.

25

generalizations like that are really hard to


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So

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2

provide.

Q.

Well, it's not really a generalization

because I'm asking about how you dealt with this

issue when the test was performed on the Native

Leather knives.

8
9

I've lost your question.

A.

Could you ask

it again.
Q.

Yeah.

The question is, if a knife passed

10

the functional gravity knife test in the hands of

11

one person, but failed it in the hands of another,

12

there's no specific way that would be handled; is

13

that right?_

14

A.

Passed and failed, passed is -- means it

15

does constitute a gravity knife under the penal law

16

or failed means it constitutes a gravity knife

17

under the penal law?

18

Q.

Well, for purposes of going forward let's

19

say that passed means it does not according to the

20

test constitute a gravity knife, and failed means

21

it does according to the test constitute a gravity

22

knife.

23

So with that definition, the knife passed

24

the functional gravity knife test in the hands of

25

one person, but it failed in the hands of another,


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2

am I correct that there 1 s no specific way that

situation was handled?

A.

There 1 s no one specific way that that is

handled.

I mean, you know, the case law indicates

clearly that it doesn 1 t have to pass the functional

test on every try in order to constitute a gravity

knife.

that 1 s part of the calculation.

That 1 s what our appellate division says, so

But the other part of the calculation

10
11

would be whether we can persuade a jury beyond a

12

reasonable doubt, an extremely high standard, that

13

it constitutes that.

14

process if you break it down in this way. And

15

there 1 s no one way that -- there 1 s no one result

16

from that two-step process, if you follow what I 1 m

17

saying.

So there 1 s kind of a two-step

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8
9

10
11

...

Q.

And the other people who were performing

the tests on the Native Leather knives, did you


teach them to perform the test?
A.

At least one of them was another ADA, so

12

he would have known the test long ago.

13

or two others were paralegals, and I would have

14

taught them -- I must have taught them the

15

functional test.

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And the one

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Q.

10

And can you tell me why is it that a

leatherman is clearly not a gravity knife.


A.

11

I've just never seen a leatherman that

12

opens by centrifugal force,

13

it.

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I've just never seen

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22

23
24
25

Q.

And if you need to look at the letter to

answer this question, that's fine.


First of all, my understanding is that
this is a list of the items that were returned to
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..---...

Native Leather.

A.

Yes.

Q.

Do you know if you prepared a list of all

of the items that were surrendered by Native

Leather in the first place?

A.

I don't recall.

Q.

Now am I correct that with the exception

of Native Leather it was the retailers themselves

10

that made the determination of what knives they

11

would turn over to the district attorney's office?

12

A.

Correct.

13

Q.

So once those knives had been turned over

14

was there anything that you did to determine

15

whether they were or were not prohibited?

16

A.

No.

17

Q.

So basically it was a situation of taking

18
19

their word for it?


A.

No.

We served them with a legally valid

20

grand jury subpoena which required them to produce

21

certain items.

22

produced items that they represent to be responsive

23

to the subpoena.

24

taking their word for it.

25

legal obligation by virtue of the subpoena.

In response to that subpoena they

So it wasn't just a matter of

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They were actually under

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... , ......_

Q.

I guess what I'm trying to get at is, did

anyone do anything to double-check the determination

the retailers made?

5
6

A.

Not with respect to the knives that they

produced pursuant to the grand jury subpoenas.

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22
23
24

25

MR. JENSEN:

Can we mark this as

Plaintiffs' Exhibit 18.


(Plaintiffs' Exhibit 18, Copies of
deferred prosecution agreements, marked for
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--

identification, as of this date.)


(Witness looks at document.)

Q.

So, Mr. Rather, do you recognize this?

A.

I do.

Q.

And what are these?

A.

These are copies of the deferred

prosecution agreements that we signed in the

investigation.

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24

25

Q.

Okay.

If you can take a look at the next

page, the page marked 153 in paragraph 4A.


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.........._

If you can look over that briefly.


(Witness looks at document.)

3
4

At the end of this paragraph 4A there 1 S a

Q.

statement,

Paragon 1 s sale of custom knives, defined as

individual, one of a kind handcrafted knives,

separately marketed and sold to collectors.

11

However, this agreement exempts

11

A.

I see that.

10

Q.

And why was this provision included?

11

A.

It was a negotiated provision in order to

12
13

reach an agreement.
Paragon uniquely based on our

14

investigation -- or almost uniquely

15

inventory and displayed as merchandise very high

16

end kind of one of a kind knives for -- for

17

collectors, real high end stuff.

18

negotiated that the agreement would not -- that

19

those knives if they did constitute a prohibited

20

knife would be excluded from the DPA.

21

incentive to enter into the agreement, but also to

22

reflect that we were just not seeing a thousand, or

23

$2,000, or $5,000 knives being plunged into

24

people 1 s temples and cutting people up.

25

that the risk comparatively of those knives was


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And it was

Both as an

And so

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2
3

less than other knives.


Q.

The basic rationale is someone is

probably not going to spend a couple of thousand

dollars to stab someone?

A.

Essentially, yeah.

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17
18

Q.

As always, Mr. Rather, if you would

please take a look at Exhibit 19.


(Witness looks at document.)

19
20

A.

Okay.

21

Q.

And so what are these?

22

A.

These are copies of compliance programs

23

or compliance program summaries provided by -- I

24

think the DPA, all of the DPA retailers.

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.--.

Q.

And looking at paragraph 8 on the next

page, this discusses the performance of what we've

been calling the functional test with regard to

gravity knives, doesn't it?

A.

It does.

10

Q.

And the last paragraph or the last

11

sentence of this is ''Citywide Locksmith, Inc.

12

warrants that Vivian Cologun has both the knowledge

13

and the physical dexterity to perform these tests";

14

is that right?

15

A.

That's what it says.

16

Q.

What I'd like to know is, first of all,

17
18

what type of physical dexterity is needed?


A.

I don't know.
Again, these are

19
20

Q.

You really don't know?

21

A.

I mean the physical dexterity to perform

22

the functional test.

23

obvious, I don't know.

I mean other than the

24

Q.

What's obvious?

25

A.

The ability to perform the functional


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2

test, to hold a knife by its handle, apply

centrifugal force, and to determine whether it

locks into place, you know, an open position.

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21

..

Q.

Was there a determination made that the

22

locking blade folding knives that Eastern Mountain

23

Sports was selling, aside from the assisted

24

openers, were not gravity knives?

25

A.

No.

Those determinations are always made

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on a functional test.

So the ones that we don't

have and didn't test, I couldn't tell you.

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centrifugal force,

is that broader than the law?

A.

It is.

Q.

Why is that?

A.

The law doesn't prohibit potential

10

operation by centrifugal force into a locked, open

11

position.

12
.......

Is the statement the potential to open by

Q.

13
14

Q.

The law prohibits actual function.


Someone actually has to be able to do it,

in other words?
A.

Right.

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22

Q.

Now if I can refer you back to

23

Exhibit 15, which is the Native Leather letter and

24

list.

25

A.

Yeah, I have that.


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2

Q.

Yeah, this is what I wanted to ask you.


The third paragraph of your letter says,

"Please understand that this Office's determination

that these items do not constitute prohlbited

knives applies only to these particular items."


Do you see that?

7
8

A.

Yes.

Q.

So am I correct that what this means is

10

that if someone has a knife of the same make and

11

model that is listed here as having been returned,

12

that is no assurance that that knife might not

13

still be a gravity knife?

14

A.

That's right.

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Q.

Am I correct that under this functional

test for a gravity knife it is possible that even

though one example of a particular make and model

of a knife was found not to be a gravity knife,

that another example of the same make and model

could be found to be a gravity knife?

10

A.

11

c ammon .

It's not only possible, it's relatively

.....

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19

Q.

Was there any minimum standard that the

20

DA's office had for the number of attempts that a

21

retailer should make to wrist flick a knife open

22

before determining whether it is or is not a

23

gravity knife?

24

A.

No.

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EXHIBIT B

EXHIBIT B

EXHIBIT C

EXHIBIT C

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