August2011journal Double Bass

American String Teacher
August 2011 | Volume 61 | Number 3
Back-to-School Issue
Strategies for Improving the Tone Quality of Your Orchestra
Teaching Double Bass for the Non-Bass Teacher
and more!
PLUS:
String Industry Council

Directory
Be inspired this back-to-school season by stretching your artistic abilities. Emanuel Vardi was an
acclaimed performer, pedagogue, and champion of the viola. His art career developed parallel to his
musical career when he was seven years old. The painting above is called, Baroque Largo.
American String
Teachers Association
www.astaweb.com
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4 | American String Teacher | August 2011
American String Teacher Contents

Features
26
About the cover: Permission

to use Emanuel Vardis
painting, Baroque Largo,
on our cover was graciously
given by his widow, Lenore
Vardi. It will be two years
this coming January since he
passed away at age 95. To
see more beautiful paintings
from this acclaimed
performer, pedagogue, and
champion of the viola, visit
www.vardiart.com.
Strategies for Improving the Tone Quality of Your Orchestra

This article will describe strategies that are commonly used to improve the
tone quality of orchestras. Many of these strategies can be used at all
levels, from elementary to the college level, as developmental or remedial
strategies. Some will be more appropriate to use with younger students,
some with older students.
by Michael Hopkins
30
Bass Forum: Double Bassics: Teaching Double Bass for the

Non-Bass Teacher
40
An Interview with Bassist Larry Hurst
46
The Influence of Gestalt in Paul Rollands Theory of Pedagogy
54
We must be well versed in the techniques of all the string instruments in

the orchestra. Yet, our level of comfort with all the instruments varies. As
pre-service teachers begin to develop their playing skills on each of their
non-native string instruments, it seems that the double bass often receives
the least amount of instruction.
by Anthony Stoops and Charlene Dell
Over the years, I have spent many hours listening to Larry Hurst talk about
performing and teaching music and always found it to be instructive as well
as inspirational. My hope is that you will find these words of wisdom as
valuable as I have.
by Bob Phillips
An important aspect of learning to play a stringed instrument is the

acquisition of skills. These skills enable the performer to play at a high
technical level, thus providing the tools and freedom to express the music.
This article shows how Paul Rolland incorporated the principles of Gestalt
Theory into his violin pedagogy.
by Ingrid Kovacs
Get Your String Class Up and Running in 10 Minutes or Less

The start of any string class presents many obstacles that can prevent a
rehearsal from running smoothly. More often than not broken instruments,
stuck pegs, broken bows and out-of-tune instruments can prevent a teacher
from beginning a rehearsal. Establishing effective procedures for a string
class can be a difficult task, but such procedures are absolutely essential in
ensuring a well-run rehearsal.
by Brian Verdi
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American String Teacher Contents

Columns
10
14
98
Inspirations
by Donna Sizemore Hale
Message from the President

by Kirk D. Moss
Teaching Tips K-12
Ways to Do More than Just Survive Your First Year of

Teaching
by Rebecca Tast
100
Studio Teaching Tips
102
My Turn
Teaching Tips from Paul Rolland

by Mary Alice Rich
YouTube Symphony Sydney, Australia: A Mind-Blowing

Experience
by Kathleen McCullough
Departments
16
84
90
92
Association News
Award and grant announcements, new

publications, and other association-related
information
Notes
News of people, places, and events of interest to

string teachers and players
Showcase
The latest news from members of the

Reviews
Of books, music, software, and videos
Every Issue
72
86
88
99
Committee Spotlight: ASTA Publications Committee

Membership Application
Volunteer Leadership Directory
Advertisers Index

22
37
60
68
74
Special
Awards and Citations

Einstein and His Love of Music
National Conference Preview
Music Education Policy Roundtable
String Industry Council Directory
Mission Statement
The American String Teachers Association
promotes excellence in string and orchestra teaching and playing. ASTA pursues its
mission through:
an open sharing of ideas;
benefits, services, and activities responsive to the needs of all members;
development of strong state leadership
and chapters;
enhancing the image and visibility of
string teaching and study;
advocacy for string education; and
an inclusive community of string teachers and players.
American String Teacher (ISSN: 00031313) is published quarterly by the
American String Teachers Association
(ASTA). 4155 Chain Bridge Road, Fairfax,
VA 22030. Periodicals postage paid at
Fairfax, VA and additional mailing offices.
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changes to: American String Teacher, 4155
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POLICY: As the primary means of professional communication of ASTA, the American String Teacher represents and reflects
the mission of the association. It is not the
intention of AST to promote or endorse
any particular person or commercial product. The ideas and opinions expressed are
those of the writers and not necessarily
those of ASTA or AST. ASTA reserves the
right to refuse advertising for any reason.
No article or editorial matter in AST may
be photocopied or reprinted without
written permission from ASTA. Visit www.
copyright.com for more information.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
American String Teacher Journal, 4155
Chain Bridge Rd., Fairfax, VA 22030.
2011 by American String Teachers
Association.
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Inspirations
by Donna Sizemore Hale

ASTA Board of Directors
ASTA Partners with MENC

Recently I attended an event where a community leader and friend,
who is well aware of my own passion for music education, asked me:
What do you believe is the most pressing issue music education faces?
I think my answer surprised them a little. They were expecting me
to say, Budgets, budgets, budgets. While we all agree that budget
shortfalls will continue to threaten programs, our biggest threat
remains the narrowing of the curriculum, an unintended consequence
of the current Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).
The threat is very real and the stakes are high.
Schools are spending more and more time preparing students for
tests and assessments in reading and math. This is leaving less time for
art, music, physical education, and social studies. If we cannot find a
way to address this issue proactively, this will affect our children and
our nation for many generations to come. If students do not have
the opportunity to study music in schools, how will this affect their
participation in the arts later in life? What will happen to community
orchestras, community theater groups, and support for museums?
There are whole communities where music education in the
schools could disappear. This is especially true in rural and urban areas.
Imagine for just one moment thousands and thousands of kids who
never experience the joy of playing an instrument or singing in a choir.
The challenges we all face make it essential that we work together.
ASTA has joined forces with MENC to create and foster an aggressive
and collaborative advocacy initiative called the Music Education
Policy Roundtable. MENC will spearhead this effort and over the next
few years we will be asking every music association and every music
educator to contribute resources to this effort. We want the roundtable
to be a policy and advocacy group that helps to ensure that every
student has access to a well-rounded program of music education in
our schools.
What ASTA and MENC are creating together with the launching
of the roundtable will one day become a powerful policy force
both in Washington and in our communities. Over the next few
years, we will be asking music educators from all disciplines to add
their support. ASTA and MENC met in July to begin tackling the
monumental task of creating collaborations with any and all music
education organizations. And, we are going to need each and every one
of you to become ambassadors for the cause. The bottom line is that
commitment and passion are not enough. We need financial support,
and we need numbers. We need you!
We have to keep talking to one another. Communication
among music leaders such as ASTA and MENC is critical. But most
importantly, we need to talk to others: parents, Congressional leaders,
funders, grandparents, school board members, and community leaders.
We have all heard the phrase you are preaching to the choir. Well,
we have to be prepared to broadcast our message far and wide. We all
live the power of music every day. It is intertwined in our lives. We see
it in the smiles of children. We need to share the joy!
To borrow the words from the now famous hero in that
Pennsylvania field during 9/11, Lets roll.
Executive Director
President Kirk Moss

Lawrence University Conservatory of Music
711 E. Boldt Way
Appleton, WI 54911
[email protected]
President-Elect Bob Phillips
12695 Lakeshore Dr.
Grand Haven, MI 49417
[email protected]
Past President Jeffrey Solow
7914 Park Ave.
Elkins Park, PA 19027-2629
[email protected]
Secretary Benjamin Whitcomb
1408 Stacy Ln.
Fort Atkinson, WI 53538-2819
[email protected]
Member-at-Large Brian Lewis
411 W. Saint Elmo Rd., Apt. 43
Austin, TX 78745
[email protected]
Member-at-Large Lucy Manning
5208 A Argall Ave., Norfolk, VA 23508
[email protected]
Member-at-Large Martin Norgaard
1938 Holly Hill Rd., Apt. 2
Austin, TX 78746
[email protected]
Member-at-Large Judy Palac
102 Music Building, East Lansing, MI 48824
[email protected]
String Industry Council President Ken Dattmore
6600 Orangethorpe Ave., Buena Park, CA 90620
[email protected]
Publications Chair Marilyn Seelman
2075 Briarwillow Dr., Atlanta, GA 30345-3501
[email protected]
Executive Director Donna Sizemore Hale
ASTA National Office
4155 Chain Bridge Rd., Fairfax, VA 22030
[email protected]
American String Teacher

Editor Mary Jane Dye
Critical Articles Editor Mary Wagner
Reviews Editor Marg Schmidt
Design and Layout Sky Henderson
Advertising Representative Steve Wafalosky
Correspondence Subscriptions, change of
address (send mailing label), individual issues,
billing, membership, and other business matters
should be directed to the ASTA National Office,
4155 Chain Bridge Rd., Fairfax, VA 22030; tel.
703-279-2113; FAX 703-279-2114; Email:
[email protected].
Advertising Deadlines are: August issueJune
5; November issueSeptember 5; February
issueDecember 5; May issueMarch 5. Inquiries should be directed to ASTA National Office,
4155 Chain Bridge Rd., Fairfax, VA 22030;
tel. 703-279-2113; FAX 703-279-2114;
Email: [email protected].
Editorial AST welcomes letters and articles from
its readers. Query letters are preferred over
unsolicited manuscripts. For a copy of the AST Author Guidelines, visit www.astaweb.com. Inquiries
and articles should be submitted to ASTarticles@
astaweb.com.
Reviews Review materials should be sent to Marg
Schmidt, School of Music, ASU, 40 Gammage
Parkway, PO Box 870405, Tempe, AZ 852870405. Requests to become a reviewer should be
addressed to Marg Schmidt, tel. 480-965-8277;
Email: [email protected].
Submission Deadlines For material to be
considered for publication in the Departments and
Association News sections (including Letters to the
Editor), it must be received by: February issue
November 11; May issueFebruary 11; August
issueMay 11; November issueAugust 11.
www.astaweb.com | 11
AST Editorial Committee

Barbara Barber
Sean Beavers
Susan Brown
James Buswell
Bruce Carter
Charlene Dell
Lynne Denig
Susan Ellington
Janet Fantozzi
Robert Gardner
Greg Hurley
Martin Norgaard
Jane Palmquist
David Wallace
Candace Wiebener
Mimi Zweig
AST Forum Editors

Violin Forum, Edmund Sprunger
Viola Forum, Erika Eckert
Cello Forum, Tanya Carey
Bass Forum, Eric Hansen
Guitar Forum, Stanley Yates
Harp Forum, Lynne Aspnes
Chamber Forum, Debbie Price
ASTA National Office

4155 Chain Bridge Road
Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: 703/279-2113
Fax: 703/279-2114
www.astaweb.com
SAVE THE
DATES!
Donna Sizemore Hale, Executive Director

[email protected]
ext. 13
Beth Danner-Knight, Deputy Director,

Conferences and Member Services
[email protected]
ext. 11
Jody McNamara, Deputy Director, Finance and Administration

[email protected]
ext. 15
Deanna Tompkins, Director of Meetings and Events

[email protected]
ext. 24
March 21-24, 2012

Atlanta, Ga.
Mary Jane Dye, Director of Communications

[email protected]
ext. 12
Exhibits National Orchestra Festival

National High School Honors Orchestra
Eclectic Strings Festival
Deb Bissen, Foundation and Advocacy Coordinator

[email protected]
ext. 26
Sky Henderson, Manager of Graphic Design/Webmaster

[email protected]
ext. 10
2012 ASTA
National Conference
2013 ASTA
National Conference
February 27-March 2, 2013
Providence, R.I.
Exhibits National Orchestra Festival
National Solo Competition
Libby Dietrich, Meetings and Events Manager

[email protected]
ext. 20
Gloria Warwick, Administrative Assistant

[email protected]
ext. 25
Tami O'Brien, Membership Manager

[email protected]
ext. 16
Amanda Bernhardt, Membership Coordinator

[email protected]
ext. 14
from the president

Your voice. Your future. Your students.
Few experiences compare to the celebratory excitement and anticipation surrounding the start of a new school
year. For some teachers however, this years back-to-school planning chimes a more somber tone. Uncertainty
surrounding shrinking state and local education budgets has led to an alarming number of teacher retirements,
RIFd teachers, duty reassignments, and a workplace refrain heard ad nauseam: Do more with less. Sadly,
some within the teaching profession no longer feel valued. As ASTA president, I am committed to ensuring
that your voice is heard, your future is secure, and your students have string instruction, among other fine arts
opportunities.

Over the past decade, federal legislation has steadily narrowed the school curriculum, effectively squeezing
music and the other arts to the periphery or even out of the school day altogether. Beginning with the No Child
Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, which set rigid standards in reading and math that schools must achieve in
order to receive federal funding, school districts have faced a multiplicity of curricular and funding challenges.
More recently, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) set federal priorities for education
reform through the Race to the Top grant program. Race to the Top (RTTT) goes beyond NCLB in its reliance
on test scores as the ultimate measure of educational quality. Amidst this backdrop, testing has lost its true
function as a measure and instead serves as an end in itself. The stakes for teachers have never been higher.

Some have championed charter and other specialty schools as an answer, though the research seems mixed.
I have always believed that few students entering ninth grade, let alone middle school, are prepared to select a
profession or choose a career. Additionally, some of these schools have emphasized smaller-sized enrollments,
but that can lead to fewer curricular opportunities in music and the other arts, effectively eliminating a wellrounded education. Unlike a popular television commercial, there is no easy button when it comes to matters
of school choice.

In June, President Obama visited Durham, North Carolina as part of a yearlong push to present his vision
for the economy. At the time, I found myself guest conducting, teaching, and relishing every moment at the
Lamar Stringfield Music Camp in nearby Raleigh. The morning newspaper read that the President called for
more engineering grads and touted STEMscience, technology, engineering and mathas the jobs of the
future. From my perspective, no one should argue against the importance of preparing world-class scientists and
engineers. Yet, the story of how music and the other arts play a crucial role in this preparation goes untold.

On my office door hangs a photo of the great physicist Albert Einstein playing the violin in the parlor of his
house. Einsteins mother played the piano and Albert began learning the violin at the age of six. As a boy Einstein
did poorly in school, and music served as an outlet for his emotions. He developed a passion for the music of
Mozart and Bach, confiding: If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music.
I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music . . . I get most joy in life out of music. As his
celebrity spread, he oft received and eagerly accepted invitations to perform benefit concerts. My favorite story
involves a music critic who apparently did not realize Einsteins fame
as a physicist and penned, Einstein plays excellently. However, his
worldwide fame is undeserved. There are many violinists who are just
as good.
In contrast to Einsteins music education, what place will music
hold in the education of the 10,000 new engineers that President
Obama envisions? Without question, the scientific and creative
life of Albert Einstein benefitted from violin studies. On the other
hand, questions abound regarding the Obama administrations
emphasis on STEM. An education devoid of music through the
narrowing of the curriculum may stifle creative discovery in other
areas. Music can provide the spark to ignite innovation. We need
dreamers of dreams when the night grows dark. Advocates need
to articulate fresh arguments on how a music education makes
students college and career ready. Anecdotal evidence alone will
not suffice. Researchers need to provide data to substantiate the
Photo credit: AP advocates claims.

As your professional association, we must speak with one
collective voice, and we must speak loudly enough that decision
makers hear our message. We must secure the place of music and
the other arts in the new economic order. To that end in early
June, ASTA President-Elect Bob Phillips and I met with Michael
Butera, MENC executive director; Michael Blakeslee, MENC
chief operating officer and deputy executive director; and Chris
Woodside, MENC assistant executive director for advocacy
and public affairs. Then, at our invitation, Michael Butera and
Michael Blakeslee spoke during the advocacy portion of the ASTA
National Executive Board meeting and joined the Board for
dinner following the meeting. A few weeks later, ASTA Executive
Director Donna Hale accepted an invitation and addressed the
MENC National Assembly at their Music Education Week.

These collaborative conversations have led to a concerted
effort to use the newly formed Music Education Policy
Roundtable to buttress the call for national music advocacy
action and to build strength in numbers of historic proportion.
Described by Michael Butera as a family of associations formed
to ensure that all children have the opportunity to study and make
music, ASTA became the first organization to join with MENC
as Roundtable members and has contributed $20,000 to help get
the Roundtable up and running. In ASTA Executive Director
Hales words, Theres too much dissension among the different
groups, and we cant afford it anymore. The situation has gotten
too critical.

As ASTA answers the national call to action by forming new
music partnerships, I would like to call on each of you to initiate
and develop music coalitions within your local school district.
Collaborations between divergent groups that unite for a single
purpose can have significant influence. As one of our nations
most successful advocates for music education, John Benham has
asserted that local coalitions have the ability to place students
back at the center of the decision-making process. The Music
Education Policy Roundtable in partnership with the ASTA
National Executive Board, executive director and staff associates
will continue to stand in support of your work. Help us move
forward in our effort to represent your voice, your future, and
your students.
Further Resources
Benham, John L. Music Advocacy: Moving from Survival to Vision. Lanham, MD: Rowman &
Littlefield, 2011.
MENC. Advocacy Groundswell. Accessed June 27, 2011.

http://advocacy.menc.org/
Ravitch, Diane. The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice
are Undermining Education. New York: Basic Books, 2010.
[email protected]
To obtain permission to reprint this column in your state
newsletter, please contact Mary Jane Dye, ASTA director of
communications at [email protected].
Association News
Merle J. Isaac Composition
Contest Winners Announced
ASTA is pleased to announce the 2011 winners of the Merle J.
Isaac Composition Contest.
Junior Division:
Elliot Chang, New York, N.Y., Fantasia in E Minor
Senior Division:
Daniel Tressel, Lansing, Mich., Sunday Stroll
And for the first time this year, the committee awarded an
honorable mention in the Senior Division to:
M.L. Daniels, Austin, Tex., for Centrefugue.
Junior Division winner Elliott Chang has
been studying piano for 11 years and the
cello for seven. Currently a certificate with
honors piano student at the Lucy Moses
Music School in New York, he has
performed in many master classes,
including one recently with Manhattan
School of Music professor, Phillip Kawin.
He has also performed numerous concerts
at Steinway Hall and Merkin Hall. He is
currently assistant principal cellist in the
Elliott Chang
Inter School Symphony Orchestra with
full scholarship and is currently principal cellist in the United
Nations International School Camarata String Ensemble. Chang
is an international baccalaureate music higher student studying
with ASTA member Patricio Diaz. He started composition at the
age of 14 as a result of the culmination of his piano, cello, and
theory studies. He enjoys composing for a variety of instruments,
although his passion focuses on the beautiful and lush sounds of
the string orchestra. He recently completed his junior year at the
United Nations International School and, as thoughts of college
approach, hopes to maintain his love for music. In his free time,
he enjoys improvising and performing as a cello/clarinet duo with
his twin brother, as well as playing soccer with his friends.

Chang describes his piece, Fantasia in E Minor, as a rhapsodic, anecdotal composition filled with an amalgam of emotions,
ranging from an innocent, pure unison introduction to a fully
harmonized, majestic recapitulation. Listen to Changs piece
through a link on our ASTA website.

Senior Division winner Daniel Tressel, composer and cellist,
divides his time among composing, performing in orchestras, and
teaching cello. He is currently completing his doctor of musical arts
in music composition at Michigan State University under Ricardo
Lorenz, and holds bachelors and masters degrees in cello performance from the University of Illinois in Urbana/Champaign and
the University of Nevada in Reno. Tressel has written works for solo
instruments, chamber ensembles, and recently several works for orchestra. He was recently commissioned to write two new orchestra
works: the tone poem, Light on the Horizon (2009) for the Mason
Orchestral Society, and his Symphony No. 1 (2011) premiered this
past May by the Jackson Youth Symphony Orchestra.

Tressel describes his winning composition, Sunday Stroll, as a short character
piece for symphony orchestra, depicting
someone outside on a stroll on a lazy
Sunday afternoon. Listen to Tressels work
on our ASTA website.

Our honorable mention honoree,
M.L. Daniels, is a longtime ASTA member, and the 2000 winner of our Merle J.
Isaac Composition Contest. He is a 1959
graduate of Abilene Christian University
Daniel Tressel
(ACU), and remained at ACU for the next
34 years, first assisting with the band, directing the university
orchestra, and serving as music department chairman for 15 years.
Upon his retirement from ACU in 1993, he moved to Austin,
Texas, where he is presently composer-in-residence with the Williamson County Symphony Orchestra.
Daniels writes that he composed
Centrefugue in nine days in early
January 2011, in order to make the
deadline for this contest. It is in ABA
form, with the middle section being a
little fugue (hence the title). He is
excited to announce that Kjos Music
Co., will be publishing the piece in
2013. If youd like to hear it before
M.L. Daniels
then, check our ASTA website.

ASTA thanks committee members Michael Hopkins, chair,
Cameron Law, and Alec Mariani for their service in selecting
the winners of this years program. For more information on the
Merle J. Isaac Composition Contest, check our ASTA website.
Potters Violin Instrument Award

Winners Announced
ASTA is pleased to announce that three outstanding young
musicians were recently awarded instruments by Dalton Potter,
owner of Potters Violins in Bethesda, Maryland, for the April
2011 round of the instrument awards for students in need. The
winners were selected from a number of very deserving applicants,
all whom benefitted from generous and supportive string teachers
who recommended them for this honor. Award winners include:
Anfernee Blakeney, age 17, cello
Suffolk, Va.
Anfernees teacher, ASTA member Karey Sitzler (his high school
orchestra director), says he eats music for breakfast and leads
our section at Lakeland High School in Suffolk, Virginia, with
passion, poise, and an innate musicianship that is a joy to see.
Blakeney is also principal cellist in the schools Cavalier Chamber Orchestra and performs with a piano trio. In addition, he
participates in the Williamsburg Youth Orchestra. His conductor

there, Akiko Fujimoto, also recommended him, saying, He is
a naturally musical cellist with great potential for growth. I cannot think of anybody else that deserves better opportunities and
resources as he furthers his musical studies.
2011 CodaBows for America

Community Outreach Program
Awards Announced
Sabian Sanchez, age 15, viola

Longview, Wash.
Four schools nominated by ASTA members (out of a total of 13 applications) have been selected to receive bows in the 2011 CodaBows
for America Community Outreach Program. ASTA thanks Jeff Van
Fossen and CodaBow International for their continued generosity in
sponsoring this effort that benefits deserving schools and studios.
Before his father passed away in

2008, he promised that I would
make him proud and go
somewhere in my life with
music. ASTA member Lanette
Shepherd, his orchestra director
at Mark Morris High School in
Longview, Washington, writes in
her recommendation, I have
Sabien Sanchez
come to know Sabian as a kind,
hard-working person with a refreshing sense of humor. I understand that he has experienced tragedy in his life, along with trying
circumstances, but I did not learn this from Sabian. His private
teacher, Linda Monahan adds, Sabian has not let difficulties stop
him from pursuing his dreams. Sabian performs in five performing groups, including the Longview Chamber Orchestra, Mark
Morris Orchestra, Southwest Washington Symphony, Adult
Chamber Orchestra, and Stageworks Orchestra. He was recently
selected for the Washington All State Orchestra placing eighth
as a sophomore among 20 violas, and the first All State participant from his area in more than 10 years.
Dustin Simmons, age 18, cello
Hagerstown, Md.
Dustin has the potential to do
amazing things in the music field,
writes his teacher, ASTA member
Allison Wadding. As a recent high
school graduate, his new instrument
will allow him to play up to his
potential, and alleviate his concerns
about not having an instrument to
start college, she adds. As Dustin
wrote in his application, I hope to
give back to society by teaching and
tutoring those who have not been as
Dustin Simmons
fortunate as me, in a music education
sense this cello will help me explore my musical potential and
set the foundation for my road to professional success.

Congratulations to our winners. Applications for the next
round may be found at astaweb.com and are due October 1.
Applications are accepted on behalf of students, elementary to
high school, from ASTA members who outline the worthiness
and promise of a student. Questions? Contact Deb Bissen, ASTA
foundation and advocacy coordinator, at [email protected].
Recipients:
Jefferson City Public Schools Orchestra Program, Jefferson
City, Mo.
Latino Arts Strings Program at Bruce Guadalupe Community School, Milwaukee, Wisc.
Penn High School, Mishawaka, Ind.
Wheaton Warrenville South High School, Wheaton, Ill.

Special thanks to Jim Bates, chair, and committee members
Linda Ratti and Jeff Van Fossen for their time with this years
judging. CodaBows for America Community Outreach Program advances the welfare of public and private music programs
through the donation of bows to deserving programs in good
standing. We invite you to nominate your program for next years
award. The application deadline is April 1, 2012, and more information is available on ASTAs website.
Call for Nominations:

Emergent String Researcher
Award
ASTA sponsors an award to recognize early career excellence
in string music research. The Emergent String Researcher
Award will be given to an early-career researcher whose
scholarly work shows much promise in continued significant
contributions to string education and performance. This
award is generally given to a pre-tenured junior faculty
(assistant professor/instructor/lecturer) or public/private
school or studio teacher who has completed the doctorate or
terminal degree within the past 10 years.

Nominees should have a record demonstrating involvement
in the following research activities: publication in juried research
journals, research presentations at professional meetings,
involvement in the strings community, and evidence of
innovation in string research.

The award will be presented at the 2012 ASTA
National Conference. Nominations may come from any
ASTA member; self-nomination is permitted. To nominate
a qualified researcher, please provide the name and email
address of the nominee, and a letter of nomination that
addresses the nominees qualifications. The Research Awards
Committee will then contact the nominee to request
essential information (curriculum vitae and other relevant
documentation).

Nominations for this award must be submitted electronically no later than September 15, 2011 to John M. Geringer,
chair, ASTA Research Awards Committee at [email protected].
Association News
Elizabeth A.H. Green Award
Nominations
Nominations are currently being accepted for the ASTA Elizabeth
A.H. Green School Educator Award. The award is given annually
to a school string teacher with a current and distinguished career
in a school orchestral setting. Past recipients include Candace
Wiebener, Kathryn Hoffer, Steve Reed, Susan Ellington, Mary
Lou Jones, Jan Garverick, Michael Alexander, Pamela Tellejohn
Hayes, and E. Daniel Long along with a host of other distinguished string educators.

The postmark deadline for nominations, which should be
sent to the ASTA headquarters, is Tuesday, November 1. Late
forms will not be accepted. For more information or to download
forms, please visit www.astaweb.com.
Now Available through Alfred

Publishing: ASTA String
Curriculum
ASTA String Curriculum: Standards, Goals, and Learning
Sequences for Essential Skills and Knowledge in K-12 String
Programs
This comprehensive K-12 string program
curriculum is the first of its kind. A clear and
concise scope-and-sequence makes this
curriculum easy to use, and more than 200
specific learning tasks make it comprehensive.
Based on the outstanding teaching traditions
in the field and the contributions of many
earlier authors, educators and researchers, this
curriculum contains useful and practical
information for string teachers at every level of experience. You
may purchase it for $49.99 through www.Alfred.com.
ASTA congratulates its authors, Stephen J. Benham, Mary L.
Wagner, Jane Linn Aten, Judith P. Evans, Denese Odegaard, and
Julie Lyonn Lieberman for their outstanding work and dedication
to this landmark publication.
Apply for the George Bornoff

Memorial Scholarship Fund
This scholarship is sponsored by the Foundation for the Advancement of String Education in conjunction with ASTA. Three
scholarships will be awarded each year in the amount of $800.
For specific requirements and an application form, go to ASTAs
homepage. Applications are due Thursday, December 1, 2011.
Special consideration will be given to applicants who teach in
underserved areas.
ASTA Announces 2012 Budget

Revenue
Administration................................................................$37,200
Foundation.......................................................................14,400
Governance.....................................................................
-
Member Services..........................................................2,056,425
Publications.......................................................................32,000
Expenses
Administration..............................................................$427,959
Foundation.......................................................................26,683
Governance.......................................................................93,948
Member Services..........................................................1,581,210
Publications.........................................................................9,373
Total $2,139,173
Purchase ASTAs String Research

Journal
The much anticipated String Research Journal
(SRJ) is available to members on ASTAs website
and through Alfred Music Publishing. As many
of you know, after Michael Allen became
critically ill and passed away more than one year
ago, John Geringer graciously stepped forward
and completed the journal. The SRJ is an annual
publication which can be purchased from Alfred
Music Publishing for $19.99. A subscription to
the SRJ is also available through ASTA. Simply mark the appropriate check-off box on your membership renewal form.
Announcing the State Chapter

Award Winners
The State Chapter awards were presented at the leadership and
business meeting during the ASTA national conference. The award
winners are the following:
Best Newsletter, Minn.
Best Website, N.J.
Membership Recruitment, Idaho and W.Va.
Most Improved Chapter, S.C.
Most Outstanding Chapter, N.J.
State Chapter Leader, Leslie Wester, N.J.
Association News
ASTA Welcomes New Members
The following list reflects individuals and organizations who joined the association between April 1, 2011 and June 30,
2011. Welcome to ASTA!
Individual
Members
Theresa Adams, KY
Crystal B. Alforque, CA
Robert Anderson, NJ
Anna Babcock, MD
Laura Balaban, IL
Fiona Ann Barton, NJ
Wayne Caldwell S. Baylor, VA
Erica J. Bjoraker, WI
Kenneth Blacklock, CA
Traci Bolton, MO
Sara Marie E. Brenner, OH
Ashley Brockett, WA
Hallie Louise Brotherton, WV
Stephanie Cartwright, NY
Carrie Caruso, AZ
Kara Charles, NY
Seunghee Cho, GA
Szuhan Chuang-Tsay, NJ
Elene Cloete, OH
Rebecca S. Collogan, IA
Luis Corpus, Jr., TX
Jar-el Almira M. Cruz, CA
Yuko Ruiz De La Torre, NM
Kiersten L. Dickenson, MD
James Divine, CO
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Anthony Dyer, OR
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Annelisa Guries, MD
Adam Han-Gorski, MN
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Heather Hay, BC
Jordan Hayes, NY
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Steven Lambert, CO
Jennifer Lynn Laminack, GA
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Kevin Le, TX
Hye-In (Sarah) Lee, CA
Maryland Liff, NY
Jackie Lin, VA
Angel Liu, NJ
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Matthew Massie, WV
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Nuan-Yu Gloria Pan, CA
Michael Perry, CA
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Ben Peterson, MA
Jennifer Dee Peterson, IL
Vasily Popov, DC
Jacqueline Prato, NY
Leila Ramagopal, IL
Jamie Ramirez, NY
Emily Richardson, NV
Tanya Rogers, OH
Emory Rosenow, KS
David Rubinstein, MA
Kelly Sadwin, NJ
Monica Sales, CO
Joel Salvo, MN
Morgan K. Santos, RI
Laura Scalzo, DE
Jeffrey Schimelpfenig, OH
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David Leedom Shaul, WY
Yanyan Shi, CA
Nathan Dong Joon Shin, WV
Francesca M. Silos, NJ
Jeffrey Singler, OH
Elizabeth Smith, NJ
Barbara Sterba, IL
Derek Sumpmann, CO
William P. Swick, NV
Sophia Elizabeth Taft, IL
John Thayer, FL
Magali Toy, ON
Jennifer L. Trainum, AL
Katherine Trammel, OK
Michaela Trnkova, MD
Richard Tweney, Canada
John J. Vizintos, IL
Hua Yi Wang, NJ
Catherine G. Warmack, AZ
Patricia Ann Waxman, AZ
Andrea Rose Weber, PA
Kristen Weddle, KS
Susan Weed, FL
Brendon Garth Weems-Elliott, VA
Jocelyn White, TX
Nicholas Wilson, PA
Libby Woker, KS
Rachelle Wolf, OH
Lee Wolfe, CA
Carrie Woolley, CO

Members
UNESP-Biblioteca/Inst. De Arts, Brazil
Carnegie Hall, NY
KCNC Production and Design, LLC., KS
Awards & Citations

This impressive list of ASTA award winners emphasizes that our organization is the leading strings
education and performance association. ASTA congratulates our many award winners, who have
been influential in the lives of thousands of string students, teachers, and players.
Artist Teacher Award
Donald Weilerstein
2011
Hans Jorgen Jensen 2010
William PreucilSr.
2009
Alice Schoenfeld
2008
Eleonore Schoenfeld
(posthumous)
2008
Lynn Harrell
2007
Helen Kwalwasser
2006
Lawrence Hurst
2005
Donald McInnes
2004
2003
Paul Katz
Heidi Castleman
2002
Robert Mann
2000
Fritz Magg (posthumous) 1998
Franco Gulli
1997
Gary Karr
1996
George Neikrug
1995
Karen Tuttle
1994
Nathan Gordon
1993
Warren Benfield
1992
Alice Chalifoux
1991
Jascha Brodsky
1990
Orlando Cole
1990
Harvey Shapiro
1989
Janos Starker
1988
Zara Nelsova
1987
Jascha Heifetz (emeritus) 1986
William Lincer
1986
Efrem Zimbalist (emeritus)

1985
Leonard Sorkin
1985
Eudice Shapiro
1984
Aldo Parisot
1983
Bernard Greenhouse 1982
Roman Totenberg
1981
Oscar Shumsky
1980
Lillian Fuchs
1979
Raya Garbousova
1978
Paul Doktor
1977
Rafael Bronstein
1976
Dorothy DeLay
1975
Yehudi Menuhin
1974
David Walter
1973
Gabor Rejto
1972
Joseph Fuchs
1971
William Primrose
1970
Gregor Piatigorsky 1969
Joseph Gingold
1968
Samuel Applebaum 1967
Ivan Galamian
Pablo Casals
Hans Letz
Isaac Stern
Hans Hess
Samuel Gardner
Louis Persinger
Joesph Szigeti
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
Arts Advocacy Award
John Benham
2010
Joseph Bankoff
2009
David E. Kelley
2008
Sen. Edward M. Kennedy 2007
Arts Philanthropist of the
Year Award
Barry Manilow
Kay Logan
Sheila C. Johnson
2010
2008
2007
Distinguished Service
Award
Robert Culver
2010
Victor Sazer
2008
Richard D. Colburn
(posthumous)
2005
Roland and Almita Vamos
1997
Eleonore Schoenfeld 1996
Felix Galimir
1995
Louise Behrend
1994
Abram Loft
1993
Grant Beglarian
1992
Robert Mann
1991
Alexander Schneider 1990
Henri Temianka
1989
Milton Katims
1988
Robert Klotman
1987
Herbert Axelrod
1986
Margaret Farish
1985
Phyllis Young
1984
Louis Krasner
1983
Clifford Cook
1982
1981
John Celentano
T.J. Frederick Muller 1980
John Kendall
1979
Ralph Matesky
1978
Margaret Rowell
1977
Elizabeth A.H. Green 1976
Marvin Rabin
1975
George Bornoff
1974
Paul Rolland
1973
American Symphony
Orchestra League
1972
Fine Arts Quartet
1971
Merle Isaac
1970
Heinrich Roth
1969
National Federation of Music
Clubs
1968
Congress of Strings, American
Federation of Musicians
1967

Bell Telephone Company 1966
American Airlines
1965
Joseph Maddy
1964
Jack Benny
1963
Merle J. Isaac Lifetime
Achievement Award
Pamela Tellejohn Hayes 1997

Jacquelyn Dillon-Krass 1996
Dorothy A. Straub
1995
Jerry N. Kupchynsky 1994
Merle J. Isaac
1993
Paul Rolland Lifetime
Achievement Award
Marla Mutschler
2009
Louise Behrend
2007
Elsa Hilger Ezerman 2005
John Kendall
2003
Phyllis Young
2002
Marvin Rabin
2001
Jacquelyn Dillon-Kraus 2000
Elizabeth A.H. Green School
Educator Award
Candace Wiebener 2011

Kathryn Hoffer
2010
Steve Reed
2009
Susan Ellington
2008
Mary Lou Jones
2007
Jan Garverick
2006
Coral White
2005
Leyla Sanyer
2004
Jan Davis
2003
Michael Alexander
2002
Joanne Donnellan
2001
Ida Steadman
2000
Pamela Tellejohn Hayes 1998
E. Daniel Long
1997
Wayne Roederer
Ian Edlund
Linda Lydiard
William Dick
Bruce Fowler
Edward Ashton
Dale Kempter
Marilyn Kessler
1996
1995
1994
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Isaac Stern International

Award
Pepe Romero
Itzhak Perlman
Franois Rabbath
Janos Starker
Mstislav Rostropovich
Kato Havas
Henryk Szeryng
(posthumous)
Nathan Milstein
Ilona Feher
Edward Melkus
Nannie Jamieson
Max Rostal
Shinichi Suzuki
2010
2008
2006
2005
2002
1992
1989
1987
1986
1985
1984
1984
1964
Traugott Rohner Leadership

in the Music Industry
Award
Strings Magazine
David Lusterman
2010
Dalton Potter
The Potter Violin Company

2008
Charles Avsharian
Shar Products Company 2006
Norman Pickering
J. DAddario
2003
Jim Strouse
Stantons Sheet Music 2001
Traugott Rohner Service to
NSOA Award
Edna L. Hansen
Nancy Watling
James H. Godfre
1997
1996
1995
Marvin J. Rabin Community

Service Award
Robert Jesselson
Mary Drane West
2009
2006
Bonnie Greene
Roberta Guaspari
2004
2003
National String Project

Award
Wayne State University 2011

Marywood University 2010
The University of Wyoming

2009
The University of Texas at
Austin
2008
Margaret Schmidt, Arizona
State University
2005
Outstanding Achievement
in String Research
Donald Hamann
2011
Outstanding ASTA Chapter

Award Winners
2011
Best Newsletter - Minnesota
Best Website - New Jersey
Membership Recruitment Idaho and West Virginia
Most Improved Chapter South Carolina
Most Outstanding Chapter New Jersey
State Chapter Leader - Leslie
Wester, New Jersey
2010
Best Newsletter - Maryland/
D.C.
Best Website - Texas
Membership Retention - North
Dakota and Rhode Island
Most Improved - Maryland/
D.C.
Most Outstanding Chapter Michigan
State Chapter Leader Cornelia Watkins, Texas
2009
Best Website - Michigan
Biggest Membership Increase
- Georgia
Most Improved Chapter Oklahoma
Most Outstanding Chapter Texas
State Chapter Leader - Helen
Fall, Virginia
2008
Best Newsletter - Virginia
Best Website - Tennessee
Membership Recruitment New Mexico
Most Improved Chapter Connecticut
Most Outstanding Chapter Illinois
State Chapter Leader Andrea Meyers, Colorado
2007
Best Website - Virginia
Membership Recruitment New Mexico
Most Improved Chapter New Mexico
Most Outstanding Chapter New Jersey
State Chapter - Leader
Sharon Holmes (posthumous)
2006
Best Newsletter - New Jersey
Best Website - Colorado
Membership Recruitment Kansas
Most Outstanding Chapter Minnesota
Most Improved Chapters Georgia and Oklahoma
State Chapter Leader - David
Elder (posthumous)
2005
Best Website - Colorado
Membership Recruitment Alabama
Most Outstanding Chapter California
Most Improved Chapters Alabama and Virginia
State Chapter Leader Kathlene Goodrich
Outstanding Student
Chapter Award
Western Michigan University

2011
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign 2009
University of South Carolina

2008
Montclair State University

2007
Pennsylvania State University

2006
Michigan State University

2005
Eastern Michigan University

2003
Citations for Leadership
and Merit
2011
Gail Barnes
Gerald Klickstein
Andrea Meyers
Dalton Potter
2010
Judy W. Bossuat
Kathleen Brungard
Jan Davis
Susan DuBois
Ian Edlund
Michael Gagliardo
Beth Gilbert
Don Hamann
Raymond Harvey
iPalpiti
Ruth Kurtis
Kirk Moss
Deb Myers
Jane Palmquist
Anita Pisano
Quartet San Francisco
Jeffrey Solow
Mary Wagner
Benjamin Whitcomb
Mark Wood
2009
Darol Anger and the Republic
of Strings
Atlanta Symphony Youth
Orchestra
Zuill Bailey
Elizabeth Blakeslee
Matesky Family
2008
Albuquerque Youth Symphony
Richard Anshutz
Joshua Bell
Amy Fear-Bishop
Judy Bossuat
Lynne Denig
Jeremy Denk
Robert Gillespie
Donald Hamann
Joanne May
Denese Odegaard
Jung-Ho Pak
Shanghai Quartet
Lya Stern
Leslie Webster
2007
Connie Aiken
Renata Bratt
Michael Carrera
Marilyn Daggett
Michael Gagliardo
Robert Gardner
Midori Goto
Karen Higdon
Tanya Kalmonovitch
Martin Norgaard
James Palmer
Pam Phillips
Bonnie Rideout
Daryl Silberman
Tracy Silverman
David Smith
Kristin Turner
Matt Turner
Turtle Island String Quartet
David Wallace
Cornelia Watkins
2006
Stanley Chepaitis
Janet Farrar-Royce
William LaRue Jones
David Littrell
Katharine Mason
Kirk Moss
Denese Odegaard
James Palmer
Bob Phillips
Vicki Richards
Daryl Silberman
Jeffrey Solow
Kristin Turner
Mary Wagner
2005
Geri Arnold
Karen Becker
Renata Bratt
Awards & Citations

Andrew Dabczynski
Gerald Doan
Robert Greenwood
Julie Lyonn Lieberman
Steve Muise
Bob Phillips
Daryl Silberman
Mary Wagner
2004
Lynne Aspnes
Renata Bratt
Andy Dabczynski
Gerald Klickstein
Kirk Moss
Martin Norgaard
Deborah Perkins
Bob Phillips
Mary Alice Rich-Wittrig
Louise Rossi
Jeffrey Solow
Edmung Sprunger
Carol Tarr
Leslie Webster
Leslie Wimsatt
Mimi Zweig
2003
Renata Bratt
Stanley Chepaitis
Andrew Dabczynski
Robert Gardner
Matt Glaser
Mary Lou Jones
Carol Liddle
Kirk Moss
Anne Sheldon
Mary Wagner
Shi-Hwa Wang
Leslie Webster
2002
Michael Alexander
Louis Bergonzi
Jeff Bradetich
Tanya Carey
Pamela Tellejohn Hayes
Judy Palac
Laura Reed
Carol Smith
Jeffrey Solow
2001
Michael Alexander
Michael Allen
2000
Edward Adelson
Robert Cowden
Doris Gadza
Lawrence Hurst
Mary Lou Jones
Dotty Kuhn
Laura Reed
Bill Ritchie
Lya Stern
Mary Wagner
1998
Susan Kempter
William Magers
1997
Evelyn Elsing
Margaret Motter
Mary Wagner
1996
Judy Evans
Robert Klotman
Anne Witt
1995
Dorothy A. Straub
1994
Edward Adelson
Jody Atwood
Robert Culver
Doris Gazda
Lawrence Hurst
Robert Klotman
1993
Ross Capshaw
Gordon Epperson
1992
Louise Behrend
Gerald Doan
Joe Kirschner
Jerry Cadek Lucktenberg
Kevin Miller
Irene Sharp
1991
Robert Hladky
Scott Schwab
1990
Ronda Cole
J. Kimball Harriman
Daniel Heifetz
Linda Lydiard
Anne Mischakoff
Margaret Pardee
Aaron Shearer
George Vance
1989
Fredell Lack
Harry Lantz
A. Clyde Roller
Shirley Trepel
1988
Gerald Fischbach
Richard Kapuscinski
David Walter
Anne Witt
1987
Carleen Hutchins
William LaRue Jones
Milton Preves
1986
Margery Aber
Joachim Chassman
Abraham Chavez
Lucas Drew
Phyllis Dunn
Murray Grodner
Richard Maag
1985
James Ceasar
Cleveland Foundation
Coleman Chamber Society
Louis Kievman
Gene Morlan
1984
LeRoy Bauer
Warren Benfield
Marla Mutschler
Louis Potter
Marvin Rabin
William Starr
Francis Tursi
Oscar Zimmerman
1983
Nancy Cluck
Edward Krolick
Siegfried Palm
1982
Patrick Burrougs
Tanya Carey
Nannie Jamieson
John Kendall
Zenzo Matsumoto
Eduard Melkus
Elizabeth Morgan
Max Rostal
Phyllis Young
1981
Margaret Farish
Art Hill
Richard Maag
Raymond Stuhl
Larry Zgonc
1980
Neva Greenwood
Markwood Holmes
A. Kunrad Kvam
1979
Robert C. Marince
Mehli Mehta
Frederick Neumann
1978
Phillip Gordon
C. Paul Herfurth
1977
John Celentano
Mary Sexton
John Zurfluh, Sr.
1974
Vera Barstow
Joan Boney
G. Jean Smith
Priscilla Smith
Phyllis Young
1965
Marjorie Keller
Joseph Knitzer
Lucie Landen
Ralph Matesky
Gabor Rejto
Strategies for Improving the
Q
by Michael Hopkins
of Your Orchestra
As orchestra directors, we must prioritize the issues we will address in rehearsal. Placing the refinement of tone
quality as a high priority in rehearsal will greatly improve the sound of an orchestra. This article will describe
strategies that are commonly used to improve the tone quality of orchestras. Many of these strategies can be
used at all levels, from elementary to the college level, as developmental or remedial strategies. Some will be
more appropriate to use with younger students, some with older students.
Balanced Posture
Posture is the essential foundation on which all technique is built and affects every aspect of string playing.
Maintaining good balance while giving careful attention to the whole body is very important for the refinement of tone quality at all levels of music making and has been emphasized by leading pedagogues throughout
the last century (Flesch, 1939; Havas, 1961; Menuhin, 1972; Rolland & Mutschler, 2000). Many students
have postures that work against them as they try to develop good tone. While most teachers place an emphasis
on posture with their beginners, it remains important to continue addressing posture as students go through
the rapid growth spurts of early adolescence. Barnes writes, Middle-school students are sometimes growing
at such a rapid pace that, all of a sudden, those good habits we thought were ingrained seem to disappear.
They must be continually but gently reminded to sit up away from the back of the chair and have the soles of
both feet flat on the ground (Barnes, 2008, p. 39).

Here are some strategies for improving posture in rehearsal:
1. Ask violinists and violists to stand during the rehearsal warm-up. Make sure they have a balanced
stance with a little bend in the knees.
2. Play a scale with long slow bow strokes, shifting weight between legs (hips when sitting) - down bow right, up bow - left. This will instill a sense of balance and flexibility.
3. Play standing and sitting games to keep students sitting at the edge of their chairs. Have students
stand up and sit back down when you snap your fingers, say a funny word, or when they play a certain pitch. Try this game with a scale or in the context of a piece of music.
4. Make sure violinists and violists support their instrument without assistance from the left hand. While
holding the instrument in playing position, their shoulder support should allow them to reach across
their bodies and touch their right shoulders.
5. Check to make sure the scrolls of violinists and violists are pointing toward the wall, not the floor. If
the scroll is pointing toward the floor the bow sits on a severe downward slope, which may negatively
affect tone production (Fischer, 1997, p. 35).
6. Make sure your double bass and cello students are not resting their left elbows on their instruments
when they play.
7. Cellists need a chair that places their hips higher than their knees and does not slope to the back of
the chair. Many cellists slightly raise the back legs of the chair with wood blocks, or buy a special
cushion that slopes to the front of the chair. If you are

teaching children who are still growing rapidly, try to
have chairs in varied sizes available for them.
8. If your bassists are standing, ask them to let go of the bass
to make sure the bass is balanced and will remain in its
vertical position without falling backward or forward. The
left thumb must not support the weight of the double
bass (Karr, 1987, p. 17).
Flexibility in the Bow Hold

Flexibility in the shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger joints is essential for a flexible bow hold, correct bow stroke, and quality tone
production (Applebaum & Lindsay, 1986, p. 82; Barrett, 2006,
p. 35). Tension in any of the right arm joints will be reflected in
the sound (Freiberg, 2003, p. 59), and if there is tension in the
bow hold, the appropriate movement of the other arm joints will
also be affected. To achieve a beautiful legato tone, the wrist and
the joints of the fingers should be flexible and move a little during
the bow change (Rolland & Mutschler, 2000, p. 152). Some ideas
that are widely used to help develop finger flexibility include the
following:
1. Draw a line across their fingers at the place where the

fingers should contact the bow stick and place a mark
on the thumb tip at the place it should contact the stick.
2. Have them form the bow hold with a pencil and practice the bowing flexibility games. The great thing about
practicing with a pencil is students can do this almost
anywhere (in other classes, on the bus, in front of the
TV, etc.)
3. Show them how to hold the bow at the balance point.
Keep them playing at the balance point exclusively for
2-3 weeks to help them develop the feel for the correct
hold. When they transfer their hold to the frog, monitor
them carefully to make sure their fingers remain curved,
flexible, and relaxed.
4. Ask everyone in your orchestra to tap their pinkie and
their first finger every time they put their bow on the
string to play.
5. While bows are on the string, ask students to lift their
bows off and rotate their hand 180 degrees (like a windshield wiper) so they can show you their bent thumbs.
Make sure the thumb is bent correctly and the tip of the
thumb makes contact with the stick.
Jellyfish game
Basic Bow Stroke Motion
Ask students to relax their hand and hold it as if they are dipping
their fingers in a dish of water. Bend the fingers and thumb in
toward the center of the hand, then relax them back to original
position. This game helps students feel the flexibility of their
fingers. This game is sometimes called the jellyfish game students pretend their fingers are like the tentacles of a jellyfish. They
catch delicious zooplankton with their tentacles and scoop them
up into their hand! Another name for this game is Scrunch and
Un-scrunch (Arskey, 2001, p. 43). You can also give students a
soft ball sponge (e.g., nerf ) to hold in their hand and squeeze to
get the feeling of finger flexibility.
Fluidity and ease of motion are the most important things in

achieving a good tone. Practicing the bow stroke away from the
instrument using shadow bowing techniques is an effective way
to help develop correct bowing motions (Rolland & Mutschler,
2000, p. 85). Give students tubes to hold in their left hands
(empty toilet paper rolls or paper towel rolls cut in half work
great). The tube should be held with the left hand in a location
that will accurately simulate the correct bowing motion. Violinists and violists should hold the tube near the left shoulder, cellists
hold the tube above their left knee, bassists in front of their left
leg, their left arm fully extended, with just a slight bend in the
elbow. Practice shadow bowing with recordings of familiar songs
using various rhythms. Practice bowing from frog to tip and back.
The tube should remain stationary while bowing.

A fun cooperative learning game to try in orchestra to give
students the feeling of the correct basic bow stroke motion is to
place students in pairs and let them assist each other in moving
their hands along the bow (Fischer, 1997, p. 20). A student holds
his/her instrument in playing position and gives the bow to a
helper. The helper places the bow on the D string at the tip, parallel to the bridge, halfway between the bridge and fingerboard,
while holding the bow at the screw. The student places his/her
right hand on the stick 4-6 inches from the tip in the bow hold
shape, and moves hand up and down the stick while the assistant
holds the bow steady. Try this game on all 4 strings and at different contact points, always keeping the bow parallel to the bridge.
Bow Drop and Lift Games

Ask students to hold the bow vertically in front of the body with
curved fingers and thumb. Drop the hand from the wrist joint
and the fingers will extend. Lift the hand from the wrist joint
and the fingers will curve (Rolland & Mutschler, 2000, p. 148).
This game is easier to do with a pencil, if students are struggling
with the correct motion. Another game to try is to hold the bow
an inch above the string with fingers and thumb very curved,
and placing the bow on the string by straightening the fingers
(Fischer, 1997, p. 7).
Remedial Training
If you teach students who have been playing for several years and
are still struggling with a flexible bow hold do not give up hope!
As teachers, we must provide ongoing remedial training for those
who are not holding the bow correctly. Review these ideas to help
them develop a correct bow hold:
Sustained Bow Strokes

The importance of playing long tones has been recognized since
the 18th century. Leopold Mozart wrote, Draw the bow from one
end to the other whilst sustaining throughout an even strength of

tone. But hold the bow well back, for the longer and more even
the stroke can be made, the more you will become master of your
bow... (Mozart, 1985, p. 99).

Spend some time at the beginning of each rehearsal focusing
exclusively on bowing technique and tone production. Reinforce
with students the three important factors for the production
of beautiful sound: 1) bow speed, 2) bow pressure or weight,
3) sounding (contact) point (Galamian, 1985, p.55). In every
rehearsal, practice long slow bows played forte with an even sound
throughout the bow. Ask students to move their bows toward the
bridge to feel the resistance of the string. Encourage students to
make as much sound as possible. Practice with a metronome at 60
beats per minute. Begin by trying to play 4 beats per bow, then
6, then 8. Ida Kavafian suggests that warming up on long tones
is a really good idea. We concentrate so much on the left hand,
we forget to warm up the right. Work on smooth bow changes,
loosening your fingers so that they can be responsive (Freiberg,
2006, p. 59).

When your orchestra has repertoire passages with several
notes under one slur, make sure they are moving the bow slowly
enough to maintain their tone quality throughout the bow stroke.
Remind students to Save their bow so they may finish the end
of the slur with quality. Galamian writes, A well-controlled and
logical division of the bow is of the greatest importance. When
it is absent, unwanted dynamics or undesirable tone quality or
both will be the result. One of the most frequent faults found in
this connection is that many players waste too much bow at the
beginning of the stroke and therefore run out of bow toward the
end (Galamian, 1985, p. 56).

In addition to maintaining a steady volume level while drawing a long bow, another important bowing technique to address
is changing volume level during a long bow stroke (Kjelland,
2003, p. 12). Students can increase volume while maintaining a
consistent contact point by increasing the weight and speed of the
bow. They can decrease volume by doing the opposite. For more
refined tone production in slow legato playing, teach students to
increase volume by maintaining consistent speed while gradually
moving the bow toward the bridge and increasing weight.
Bowing Lanes
Explain to your students the concept of bowing lanes (Applebaum & Lindsay, 1986, p. 81). Imagine that there are five bowing
lanes between the fingerboard and the bridge. Have students place
their bow halfway between the fingerboard and bridge, in lane 3,
and ask them to add so much weight that when they play a slow
downbow the sound crunches. If they gradually release the
weight while moving the bow, the place just after the crunch stops
will be a strong tone. Then ask the students to move their bow
closer to the bridge (lane 4) and repeat the exercise. They will be
able to add much more weight before the sound crunches and
they will be able to move the bow slower and draw a big sound
from their instrument. Have a longest note contest to see who
can draw the slowest bow with a big quality sound.

When students are consistently playing near or over the
fingerboard, they quickly learn that they cannot add much weight
to the sound. The result is a thin, whispery tone.

Many experts in string education have written about the
importance of learning to play close to the bridge to fully develop
the tone of the instrument. Morrow writes, The increased tension nearer to the bridge is the area where string vibration begins
to excite the upper partials of the harmonic seriesRegularly
utilizing this area of the string opens the instrument to the bright
end of the tone color palette. This resulting tone quality is one
that can carry to the back of the hall and offers an immediate and,
therefore, articulated response (Morrow, 2005, p. 70).
Articulation
Orchestral musicians need to be able to produce a well-defined
articulation at the beginning of the bow stroke. Without articulation, pieces that requires staccato or accented notes will sound
mushy and weak, and the fundamental frequency of the pitch
may be obscured by transient upper harmonics, particularly in
the cellos and basses. Galamian writes, Tone production on the
stringed instruments does not consist of continuous sound only,
but it has to have a certain mixture of percussive or accentuated elements, which give it character and contour (Galamian,
1985, p. 10). Here are a few ideas to get students to play with a
crisper attack:

Ask students to do bow push-ups. Place bow between the
balance point and middle of the bow and add weight to the stick
until the stick touches the hair. Do ten or more of these push ups,
then ask students to try playing a very short note by releasing the
weight and making a very small up- or downbow motion using
just their fingers. This is called coll and is the fundamental stroke
for all articulated bow strokes including martel and spiccato. It
can be thought of as playing pizzicato with the bow (Galamian,
1985, p. 74). Have a contest with your students to see who can
play the worlds shortest note. Try this game in different parts of
the bow. Once students can play a crisp coll stroke, try adding
length to the bow stroke to develop the martel bow stroke.
Uniformity Within the Orchestra

Making sure everyone is playing in the same part of the bow, with
the same articulation, contact point, and amount of bow will
greatly improve the tone quality of the orchestra by giving the
sound uniformity. One game to play is to ask the student who
is seated in the concertmaster chair to place his/her bow on the
string, then ask everyone to match the bow placement location.
As the student leader changes his/her contact point, all must lift
and adjust their bow placement. Use this game to get students to
look to the front of their sections to determine the bow stroke,
contact point, and type of vibrato they should be using (Colnot,
2007, p. 108). To help ensure students can achieve uniformity,
make sure the parts are well-edited with good bowings and that
bow lifts and retakes are clearly marked.
Conclusion
The sound quality of your orchestra will greatly improve by addressing tone quality in every rehearsal. It is important to work on developing tone quality in the warm up/skills development portion of your rehearsal, away from sheet music, so that students may focus all
their attention on developing their sound. Ongoing work on the development of beautiful tone will help focus your students critical
listening skills and help to facilitate high quality performances for your orchestra.
References
Applebaum, S., & Lindsay, T. (1986). The art and science of string performance. Sherman Oaks, CA: Alfred Pub. Co.
Arskey, M. (2001). Teaching Tips: Daily Bow Vitamins: Build Relaxed, Flexible Muscles Thirteen Ways. American String Teacher, 51(4), 43-45.
Barnes, G. V. (2008). Challenging the Middle School Orchestra Musician. American String Teacher, 58(3), 38-41.
Barrett, C. E. (2006). What Every Musician Needs to Know About the Body: Plan for Incorporating Body Mapping in Music Instruction. American String Teacher, 56(4), 34-37.
Colnot, C. (2007). My Turn: Orchestral Uniformity: Taking a Chamber Music Approach. American String Teacher, 57(2), 108.
Fischer, S. (1997). Basics: 300 exercises and practice routines for the violin. London: Edition Peters.
Flesch, C. (1939). The art of violin playing (2nd rev. ed.). Boston: C. Fischer.
Freiberg, S. (2003). Got Tone?: Sound Advice from the Experts on Improving Your Tone Production. Strings, 18 (3=113), 54-56, 58-61.
Freiberg, S. (2006). Technique Tips: Got Tone? Strings, 20.
Galamian, I. (1985). Principles of violin playing & teaching (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Havas, K. (1961). A new approach to violin playing. London: Bosworth.
Karr, G. (1987). The Gary Karr double bass book. Pacific, MO: Amati Productions.
Kjelland, J. (2003). Orchestral Bowing: Style and Function. Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Publishing, Inc. .
Menuhin, Y. (1972). Violin; six lessons. New York: Viking Press.
Morrow, E. (2005). Teaching Tips: Battling the Bridge? Strategies for Improving String Tone Production. American String Teacher, 55(2), 70-71.
Mozart, L. (1985). A treatise on the fundamental principles of violin playing (2nd ed.). Oxford [Oxfordshire] ; New York: Oxford University Press.
Rolland, P., & Mutschler, M. (2000). The teaching of action in string playing: developmental & remedial techniques, violin and viola (2nd ed.). Urbana, IL: Illinois String Research Associates.
Michael Hopkins is an associate professor of music education at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan where he
teaches courses in string education. Prior to joining the faculty, Hopkins was an associate professor of music at the University of
Vermont from 1999-2010 where he was conductor of the UVM Orchestra and taught courses in music education and music
technology. Hopkins has appeared as a guest conductor at orchestra festivals throughout the United States and is the founding
director of the Burlington Chamber Orchestra. He is active as a composer and arranger, with over 30 published works for
orchestra. Hopkins is the author of the website The String Pedagogy Notebook, a resource for string teachers and performers.
He has published articles in the Journal of Research in Music Education, American String Teacher, and The Instrumentalist. He has
served on the faculty of the American String Workshop, as the executive director for the Green Mountain Chamber Music
Festival, and is past president of the Vermont chapter of ASTA. Hopkins received his bachelors degree in music education from
Colorado State University and his masters and Ph.D. in music education from the University of Michigan.
Double Bassics: Teaching Double Bass

for the Non-Bass Teacher
by Anthony Stoops and Charlene Dell
As string educators, we must be well versed in the techniques of all the string instruments in the orchestra. Yet
our level of comfort with all the instruments varies according to the instruction we received as undergraduates.
As pre-service teachers begin to develop their playing skills on each of their non-native string instruments,
it seems that the double bass often receives the least amount of instruction. This is not unexpected, as many
string education specialists are not bassists by trade. This situation often perpetuates a lack of familiarity
with unique teaching demands of the bass from one generation to the next. Perhaps the problem lies in the
complexity that seems to surround bass playing and teaching. Different body types, torso lengths, and arm
lengths make setting up young bassists a challenge for the non-bass specialist. While the number of variables
complicates matters, the number of acceptable choices allows for a more personalized fit for each student.
Throughout the centuries, double bass pedagogues have taken a permissive approach to technique. This openmined approach presents a challenge to beginning bassists and their teachers. Becoming familiar with the
playing fundamentals and the strategies to establish them with beginners takes time and experience.
What follows is a guide to the fundamental elements of essential bass technique, from both a violinists
and bassists point of view. The strategies for establishing instrument placement, and left and right hand
techniques will hopefully provide the non-bassist with the necessary strategies to bridge the gap between the
two pedagogical approaches and be able to teach in heterogeneous classes with ease.
Bass Forum
Height of the Bass
One of the most important aspects of effective double bass

technique is finding the correct height of the instrument. Traditionally, bassists have used an odd (though widely accepted)
rule to determine the height of the double bass. This rule states
that the nut should be parallel to the eyebrow. While this gives
the student a concrete piece of information, it really makes
little sense. It especially becomes problematic as students go
through growth spurts during the middle school years. Why
not decide the height of the bass based on finding a good bow
placement, a key factor in creating a beautiful tone?

To find the correct height of the bass for a good sounding point:
1. Stand facing the bass holding the neck with the left hand.
2. The middle knuckles of the hand should touch the
bridge.
Use the first joint knuckles

for French bow.
Use the second knuckles for

German bow.
Posture
A healthy, balanced posture is the key to success in all string

playing, but especially important in playing the double bass
because of its size. The bassist should stand with their feet
shoulder-width apart, with their weight evenly balanced. One
exercise to test and learn this skill is to have the student stand
without the bass with their feet shoulder width apart. Then
ask the student to sway back and forth from left to right until
they feel that they have found their center and an even distribution of weight on both legs.

One acceptable variation in standing posture is to allow
the left leg to be slightly forward with a little more weight on
the back foot. This stance is very useful when the player has to
shift to and from the upper positions frequently.
The bassist should stand

with feet shoulder-width
apart with weight evenly
distributed on both feet.
The bassist may also stand

with the left foot slightly
forward, placing more
weight on the right leg.
Here is an example of a
balanced posture the bassist
can hold the bass without his
hands.

Another important aspect of
standing posture with the bass is
finding the bass center of gravity. To
do this, have the student place the
forefinger of his left hand in the
saddle of the bass with the bass
facing forward. Once the balance of
the bass has been found, allow the
bass to gently fall into the players
body. If the players posture and bass
are appropriately balanced, he should
be able to stand without holding
onto the instrument.
Bass Forum
Now that you know where the hand falls naturally, its time to
find the neck placement with the bass in hand:
1. Start with the bass on the left collar bone.
2. Place the left hand in first position.
3. Move the bass out with the body until the arm is comfortable
and the wrist is still relatively flat.
Left Hand
Finding a comfortable left arm and hand placement is one of the

big hurdles in setting up beginning bassists. Once you have found
the proper height and neck proximity, you should be able to meet
this challenge with a few additional steps.
1. Start with the left hand on top of the scroll and slide the
hand down into first position.
Sitting with the Double Bass
When sitting on a stool to play the bass, one should follow the
same principles as with standing. The height of the bass should
be found in the same way and the player should strive to find a
balanced posture. With the sitting posture, there are several acceptable variations that the player can use. They include but are
not limited to:
sitting with both feet on the stool
sitting with the left foot on the lower rung of the stool and
the right foot on the floor
sitting on a short stool (24-28 depending on the height of
the player) with both feet on the ground
sitting on a tall stool (32 +) with one leg on a guitar foot stool
Another issue that often arises in
setting up students with the double
bass is the issue of neck proximity.
So, how close should the neck of the
bass be to the player?
1. Close enough that the left wrist
is flat.
2. Two or more inches away from
head.
3. Far enough away to allow for
left elbow comfort.

Here are some ways to help find the proper neck proximity.
The first set of guidelines will help determine how far from the
head the students hand naturally falls:
Have the student stand in

anatomical position.

This motion encourages the big arm movements that are necessary for shifting, which is done so often on the bass.

Remember to keep the wrist fairly flat but also to allow some
flexibility. In general it is best to avoid extremes in either direction. In other words, dont allow the wrist to bend out too much
or bend in too much. Allow the student to have a natural curve to
the wrist. A good setup will help to keep extremes to a minimum
and encourage a lifetime of healthy playing habits.
Left Thumb Placement
The left thumb should be behind the first or second finger, or

anywhere in between those two. Allow the placement of the
thumb to fit the hand of the player.

Have the student bring their

hand up toward the face,
bending only the elbow.
A great game to play in order to introduce a good left hand position is to observe the International Bass Salute!
Have the student:
1. Put their left thumb in their ear.
2. Place their first finger on the left eyebrow.
3. Put their second finger on the tip of their nose.
4. Put the third finger on the top lip.
5. Finally, put the fourth finger on the bottom lip.
Your students now have a perfect left hand position!
The International Bass

Salute!
Bowing the Double Bass: French Bow
A good left hand position

thanks to the International
Bass Salute!
Bass Forum
The French bow is also known as the overhand grip and the Bottesini bow, referring to the Italian virtuoso who championed
it and also for the French school of playing, whos players overwhelmingly choose this grip for their performances. Traditionally,
it has been considered to have the opposite advantages and disadvantages of the German bow: it is more difficult to learn at a
basic level, but easier to refine in the advancing stages of playing. A subjective statement that holds some truth, but is impossible
to prove.

The proper bow hold for the French bow is similar to that of the other string instruments. In holding the French double
bass bow, there are two important distinctions from violin or viola bow holds:
The pinky should NOT be on top of the stick
The hand does not pronate nearly as much (if at all) compared to the violin and viola grips.
One acceptable variation in holding the bow is to allow the student to place their thumb in the frog.
Notice the characteristics of a successful and effective French bow hold:
Balanced hand over the top of the stick, with the pinky on the frog
The hand is not overly-pronated, with the 1st knuckle of the index finger gripping the stick. This over-pronation is a
very common error with young bassists, as they are trying to achieve the right amount of weight into the string from
the start.
Also observe the characteristics of an incorrect bow hold:
The hand is over-pronated, with the pinky on top of the stick
A proper French bow grip.
Acceptable variation of a proper

French bow grip with the thumb
in the frog.
An undesirable French bow grip.

The hand is over pronated and the
pinky is on top of the stick.
Bass Forum
A proper French bow grip, angle

two. Notice that the hand is
balanced and the pinky is on the
frog.
Acceptable variation of a proper

French bow grip with the thumb in
the frog, angle two.
A common error among beginning students. I think you can see

why this is not good.
Bowing the Double Bass: German Bow
The German Bow is also known as the underhand grip. Some players refer to it as the Dragonetti Bow since this was the grip used
and developed by the great Italian virtuoso, Domenico Dragonetti. It is considered by many pedagogues the quickest bow to teach at
a basic level, but the most difficult to refine. At best, this is a subjective statement that is impossible to prove. In reality, there are an
equal number of highly accomplished German and French bow players. There are two distinct advantages that the German bow has
over French bow: it is easier to play off the string and it is easier to draw a bigger tone.

When working in heterogeneous settings, it seems easier for the teacher to teach using the French Bow as it is being taught to all
the other instruments. Yet young bassists often struggle with keeping a good French bow grip and getting a great tone. Usually when
young bassists struggle with a French bow, the German Bow grip makes immediate sense to them, and is an easy switch.

To correctly hold the German bow, the thumb should be placed on top of the stick, the index finger on the side of the stick, the
middle finger on the side of the frog, the ring finger should be placed inside the frog and the pinky finger should be place on the bottom of the frog on the ferule with a slight curve.

As you study the following pictures, you will notice several aspects of a successful German bow hold:
Slight space between the frog and the palm of the hand
Gently curved fingers
Thumb on top of the stick
As you look at the example of an incorrect bow hold you will notice two things:
Fingers on top of the stick
Thumb on the frog
An example of a correct,
traditional German bow hold.
An acceptable variation,
especially for beginners.
A common error among

beginning bass students. Notice
that the thumb is not on top of
the stick and the fingers are placed
incorrectly.
traditional German bow hold,
angle two.
An acceptable variation, especially

for beginners, angle two.
A common error among

beginning bass students. Notice
that the thumb is not on top of
the stick and the fingers are placed
incorrectly, angle two.
traditional German bow hold,
angle three.
An acceptable variation, especially

for beginners, angle three.
Opposite Assumptions
Consider that there are only three one-octave major scales in the low positions that the bass can play in one position
without shifting (and without the use of advanced left hand techniques such as pivot or extended four finger technique).
Those keys are F, B-flat and G, which are not keys that one often encounters in beginning string class materials. Keeping
this in mind, shifting must happen early and often when teaching the bass! Because of this, it is of the utmost importance
to emphasize instrument security at the earliest possible point of technical development.
Bass Forum
Lower Means Slower!

When teaching in a heterogeneous setting- it is not uncommon for teachers to diagnose a musical need and prescribe a strategy that will work for a majority of students- yet oftentimes a strategy that works for upper strings is the exact opposite of what
works for the cello and bass sections. It is important to explain the pedagogical differences so that each section can provide
the necessary sound or effect. Most teachers are aware that the lower the pitch, the slower the bow should move. However, we
must not forget that this remains true as we continue down the pitch spectrum across the string section. Teachers, NEVER
tell your bass section to use more bow when they are playing on the E string! The wider ribbon of hair needs to have more
time to grasp the thicker string. More bow from your bassists will, result in a sound that no one will appreciate!

When considering where in the bow specific bowings should be played, one must keep in mind that the lower the instrument, the lower in the bow the bowing feels comfortable. As cellists and bassists play on the opposite side of the bridge from
upper strings, many of the bowings will fall more naturally between the middle and the balance point. Especially with more
advanced bowings such as repetitive string crossings, it is easier to place the bow between the balance point and the middle of
the bow. This is contrary to the upper string instruments, who seem to prefer such bowings closer to the tip.

Meeting the needs of young bassists is incredibly important to the health of both the individual bassist and the entire
orchestra. So much of what constitutes a great orchestra sound lies squarely on the shoulders of the bass section especially as the orchestra grows and develops through middle school and into high school. Consequently setting up young
bass players for successful technique is paramount to developing the orchestra as a whole. Understanding the special
needs of the growing bassist and the modifications in set up that are necessary due to differences in body shapes and sizes
will provide a custom fit for each bassist, as well as help each bassist to understand the modifications to make as he or she
grows physically and musically. The greater the understanding of technique for all the instruments- the better we can set
up our orchestra programs for success.
Charlene Dell is an associate professor of
music education at the University of
Oklahoma, where she teaches undergraduate courses in string methods and
string pedagogy. She also teaches
graduate courses in psychology and
curriculum. Dell has 16 years of teaching
experience in the public schools of
upstate New York and South Carolina.
Dell has presented clinics at ASTAs
national conference Music Educators national conference,
OMEA state conference, TMEA state conference, as well as the
NYSSMA state conference. She has articles published in the
Teaching Music through Orchestra book series, as well as
national and international journals. Her research areas are
string intonation, arts integration, music learning theory, and
orchestral recruitment and retention.
Anthony Stoops is artist/teacher of bass

and string area chair at the University of
Oklahoma School of Music. Since winning
first prize in the International Society of
Bassists international solo competition, he
has performed throughout the United
States and internationally as a soloist and
chamber musician. Stoops has presented
master classes in Poland, Brazil and
throughout the U.S. at venues such as the
Cleveland Institute of Music, the University of Michigan, the
University of Iowa, Interlochen Arts Academy, Penn State
University, and many others.
The String Teachers

Cookbook:
Creative Recipes for a Successful Program
Edited by Joanne May

This is a collection of insightful strategies all placed together in one easy, quick-to-read
source. According to the publisher, contributors to the book were even eager to get a look at
each others ideas. With outstanding records of performance, workshop clinics, recordings,
research, composition, leadership, and teaching, the 57 authors provide their favorite recipes
that range from overviews of successful programs to specific topics intended to
inspire all levels and types of ensembles and performers.
The cookbook is published by Meredith Music and distributed by Hal Leonard
with royalties generously donated to ASTA. This book can be purchased online at
halleonard.com for just $24.95.
Einstein And His Love Of Music
As a keen and talented violinist, music was one of Einsteins life-long passions. His musical
tastes, however, were distinctly conservative, as Brian Foster explains
to his prowess on the violin, he also played the piano and, in particular, loved to
improvise.
Albert Einstein playing his violin. Photo credit: AP
As we celebrate the centenary of his seminal 1905

papers, it is humbling to note that Einstein was not
only the outstanding scientist of the 20th century,
but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician. He once
said that had he not been a scientist, he would have
been a musician. Life without playing music is
inconceivable for me, he declared. I live my
daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of
musicI get most joy in life out of music.

Einsteins mother, Pauline, was a talented
pianist who brought music to life in the family
home. Albert began to learn the violin at the age
of six,while his family was still living in Munich.
However, he toiled under unimaginative tuition
until discovering the joys of Mozarts sonatas at the
age of 13. From that point on, although he had no
further lessons, his violin remained his constant
companion.

When Einstein moved to Aarau in
Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling,
he seems to have devoted a good deal of his time
to music. It is recorded that he worked hard on
the Brahms G-major violin sonata in order to get
the full benefit from a visit to Aarau of the great
violinist Joseph Joachim, on whose programme it
appeared.

Just before his 17th birthday Albert played at
a music examination in the cantonal school. The
inspector reported that a student called Einstein
shone in a deeply felt performance of an adagio
from one of the Beethoven sonatas. In addition
Music for fun and physics

Music was not only a relaxation to Einstein, it also helped him in his work. His
second wife, Elsa, gives a rare glimpse of their home life in Berlin. As a little
girl, I fell in love with Albert because he played Mozart so beautifully on the
violin, she once wrote. He also plays the piano. Music helps him when he
is thinking about his theories. He goes to his study, comes back, strikes a few
chords on the piano, jots something down, returns to his study.

In later life, his fame as a physicist often led to invitations to perform at
benefit concerts, which he generally accepted eagerly. At one such event, a
critic unaware of Einsteins real claim to fame as a physicist wrote, Einstein
plays excellently. However, his world-wide fame is undeserved. There are many
violinists who are just as good.

One wag, on leaving another concert in which Einstein had played,
commented, I suppose now [the Austrian violinist] Fritz Kreisler is going to
start giving physics lectures.

There are nevertheless conflicting accounts of his musical abilities. Probably
the least generous come from great artists, of whom Einstein counted many as
personal friends as well as chamber-music partners.These included the pianist
Artur Rubinstein, the cellist Gregor Piatigorski, and Bronislaw Huberman, one
of the most remarkable and idiosyncratic violin virtuosos of the 20th century.

In 1936 Huberman visited Einstein in Princeton to discuss his plans to
found the orchestra that eventually became the Israel Philharmonic, of which
Einstein was a prominent supporter. Probably the summary of Einstein the
violinist that comes nearest to the mark comes from his friend Janos Plesch,
who wrote, There are many musicians with much better technique, but none, I
believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feeling.
Conservative tastes
The physics revolutionary who overturned the classical universe of Newton
was nonetheless deeply conservative in his musical tastes. He adored Mozart
and worshipped Bach, of whom he wrote in response to an editor, I have this
to say about Bachs works: listen, play, love, revere and keep your trap shut.
Beethoven he admired but did not love, while Schubert, Schumannn and
Brahms gained only guarded and partial approval.

Indeed, the more contemporary the composer, the less enthusiastic Einstein
became. Of Wagner he said, I admire Wagners inventiveness, but I see his lack
of architectural structure as decadence. Moreover, to me his musical personality
is indescribably offensive so that for the most part I can listen to him only with
disgust.

Despite having been offered the chance to own a Guarneri, Einstein
preferred to play a much less distinguished violin, leaving the great instruments
to those whom he felt really needed their power and complexity. Towards the
end of his life, as he felt facility leaving his left hand, he laid down his violin
and never picked it up again. However, Einstein never lost his love for the
instrument. As he once said, I know that the most joy in my life has come to
me from my violin.
(This article is reprinted with permission from the January 2005 issue of Physics
World magazine.)
Brian Foster is an experimental particle physicist at the Department of Physics, Oxford
University, UK, e-mail [email protected]. He thanks Anita Ehlers for her helpful
comments.
New!
ASTA
Student Project
Grants Available
to Student Chapters
Student chapters may now

apply for small amounts
of grant money for special
projects that fulfill ASTAs
mission of promoting
excellence in string and
orchestra playing.
The grants are designed to
provide financial assistance
to students wishing to pursue
undergraduate or graduate
research projects related
to string teaching. Only one
project per state can be
funded. Grants of up to $250
will be awarded. Applications
and complete details can be
found on ASTAs homepage.
The postmark deadline is
October 1st. The Special
Project Grant Committee will
review all applications and
choose the winning proposals.
If you have further questions,
please contact Deb Bissen at
[email protected].
Step-by-Step Guide for Increasing Access to Strings

Program Available
A step-by-step guide to creating after-school music programs is available for
download on ASTAs website. The guide is a complement to the Increasing
Access to Strings program which was made possible by a generous grant
from NAMM. The guide was developed by ASTA and written by Stephen
Benham, Ph.D. and based on successful programs from around the country.
If you prefer a hard or multiple copies, email Deb at [email protected]. For
large quantities, we must bill you for shipping and handling.
ASTA thanks all of the

organizations and individuals
who advertised in the AST
journal during 2010-2011.
Alfred Music Publishing
Amatis Fine Instruments
Apple Hill Center for Chamber Music
Aria International Summer Academy
Arizona State University
Austin Peay State University
Berenreiter
Belmont University/Strings
Bischofberger Violins
Brobst Violin Shop
Carnegie Hall
Carriage House Violins/Reuning
Central Connecticut State University
Claire Givens Violins, Inc.
Clark County School District
Cleveland Institute of Music
CodaBow International
Colorado State University
DAddario & Company
DePauw University
Dont Fret Enterprises
Duquesne University
Eastman School of Music
Educational Strings Publishing
Electric Violin
Fegleys Violin Shop
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GEICO
Gettysburg College/Sunderman Conservatory
of Music
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Huthmaker Violins
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Indiana University/Jacobs
International Violin Competition of
Indianapolis
Ithaca College
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Mount Royal University
Music at Port Milford
New York University
Northwestern University
NS Design
Oberlin College Conservatory
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Pirastro GmbH
Robertson & Son Violins
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Mason Gross School of the Arts
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San Francisco Symphony
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St. Olaf College
Stephen F. Austin State University

The String Centre, a division of the Woodwind
& Brasswind
Stulberg International String Competition
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Super-Sensitive Musical String Company
Temple University
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Conservatory of Music
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Denver/Lamont School of Music
The University of Georgia

University of Massachusetts
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of Music
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University of North Carolina School of the Arts
University of North Texas
University of Puget Sound
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University of Wisconsin Madison
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Villanova University
Violin House of Weaver
Wayne State University
William Harris Lee & Company
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Wood Violins
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An Interview
with
Bassist Larry Hurst

by Bob Phillips
Lawrence Hurst has been one of the most important double bass
teachers in the last 50 years. Students from his tenure at Interlochen, the University of Michigan, and Indiana University have gone
on to positions in many of Americas finest orchestras, universities,
and public schools. As a pedagogue, he has had a tremendous
influence on the development of bass playing. During the early
70s, I was privileged to study with Hurst and consider him to be
the major musical influence of my life. Over the years, I have spent
many hours listening to Hurst talk about performing and teaching
music and always found it to be instructive as well as inspirational.
My hope is that you will find these words of wisdom as valuable
as I have in my personal and professional life.
Your playing career started off

playing in the United States Seventh
Army Symphony. Can you tell us
what that was like?
It was a great opportunity because at
the time conscription was still in force
and I knew the minute I graduated from
college I was going to be conscripted
because my hometown was Norfolk,
Virginia; a military town. The draft
board there was not sympathetic to
anyone. I will never forget when I finally
arrived at Stuttgart and went into the
Seventh Army Orchestras staff room for
check in. My boots were shined and I
had these cords dangling, I looked like
a hero by the time I got there because
I had almost 14 weeks of basic and
advanced infantry training while waiting
for my orders to go to the orchestra. The
guys in the Seventh Army Symphony
were so laid back compared to the line
soldiers that when I walked in looking
like a spit-polished nickel, everyone
just started laughing. The orchestras
entire existence was on a bus. That was
a wonderful experience because we had
minimal time to rehearse, and we played
everything. (Especially a lot of American
music because that is what the Europeans wanted to hear.) It really was a great
way to learn the business. We played
125 concerts a year; thats a lot of concerts! We played everywhere: Germany,
France, Italy, and Denmark. I was in the
orchestra from 1960 to1962. In 1962, I
left and entered the Dallas Symphony as
principal bass for Sir Georg Solti.
What were your biggest challenges

as a young player in a professional
orchestra?
I found that being young and welltrained is not enough. A good part of the
business is just knowing repertoire, and
you cant know the rep if you are in your
early 20s. Ill give you a good example:
My first concert with the Dallas Symphony was outside at the Cotton Bowl, and
it featured the 1812 Overture. I had
never played the 1812 Overture and
certainly not in a setting like the Cotton
Bowl. I dont know if youve ever seen the
bass part for it, but its difficult. I listened
to the piece a lot that week before we had
the lone rehearsal, and then right afterward we played the concert. That is the
biggest thing that a young player in an
orchestra has to contend with. They dont
know the rep, and you have to know it at
the first rehearsal. As principal, not only
did I have to know it, but I had to tell the
guys in the section, some of them 40-50
years old, bowings and technical details.
So your learning curve is horrendously
huge.
Your teaching career has spanned

more than 46 years, at the University of Michigan and at Indiana
University. How has bass playing
and technique changed from your
days as a student until now?
All types and ages of people are playing the instrument now that were not
playing bass when I came along. Bassists
got a great jump-start from Gary Karr
who came on the scene when there was
virtually nobody out there as far as soloists were concerned. There was only one
solo bass recording available (on 78 rpm).
That was itthat was solo playing. Today
if you just casually scan music stores, music libraries, YouTubethere are literally
hundreds of solo players, and many of
them are absolutely terrific. I credit Gary
with showing everyone what the bass
could do, and he did it almost singlehandedly. His historic performance with
Leonard Bernstein and the New York
Philharmonic of The Swan convinced
everyone that a bass could sound in tune
and very, very musical. He attracted an
avalanche of players who wanted to play
like that. Since then many very talented
people have come forward as soloists. As
a result, teaching has gotten better and
talented people have serious interest in
the instrument. Today there is so much
more intercommunication that you can
hear somebody in Russia or Brazil play
via the internet.
There has been a tremendous

growth in solo bass playing in the
last 50 years. Do you see the role of
the bass changing in the future or
evolving?
Thats a more difficult question because
the role of the bass historically, and I
think inherently, is its reason for being.

It doubles the bass lines in the orchestra.
I dont think that role will ever change as
long as there are Beethoven and Brahms
symphonies in the repertoire. I think the
role of the bass in terms of what it can
play, how it is played, etc., can change.
Edgar Meyer is a great example of that.
He has adopted a style of playing and
made it his signature, made it his own.
Its another repertoire, and I think the
bass will develop its own vast solo rep
over the ages.
A very high percentage of your

former students are playing in
professional orchestras throughout
the world. What do you do in the
teaching studio that helps your students be so successful at winning
auditions?
I would say that its a switch in my focus
and in my teaching. Before the 70s,
the focus was on learning how to play
the bass as well as you could. In other
words, teaching bass was a little like
the classic teaching of violin or piano.
Its solo repertoire driven. I really kind
of followed that maxim because I felt
that if you played well, you could read
most of the orchestral repertoire. Many
of my contemporaries were trained like
that. All of that changed in the 60s and
the early 70s when the audition screens
came up. That is when I knew that my
teaching style had to change, or I was not
going to survive. Orchestra committees
wanted the excerpts, and they wanted
them played perfectly. As a result, bass
players today have almost a catechism
of excerpts that we all have to study. My
teaching then became very realistic, very
pragmatic. I would hold frequent mock
auditions behind screens. I would call on
people in master classes to come forward
and play excerpts on the spot. You cannot
be distracted, and you have to learn how
to do that. This skill is not particularly
God-given. I guess whats changed is that
now, I focus on being very realistic with
the kids. They record everything they do
and have to listen carefully to what they
are hearing.
One of those things that really had

great impact on me as a student was
the way you approached using the
metronome. I felt that was a real
advantage in any audition I ever
took. I felt a lot more prepared than
other people. What are your feelings
about that?
I tell most of my students that you
should have two friends: your parents and
your metronome and not necessarily in
that order! When you are getting ready
for an audition, of course, you have to
be in close proximity to the clicker. This
is because bad tempos and rhythms are
what auditioning committees can detect
immediately. You have to think of the
metronome just like the conductor does;
conductors are rhythmically savvy. They
can nail a tempo at 120, 60, or 72. Youve
got to be able to do the same thing.
What advice do you have for young

players who hope to play in a professional orchestra someday?
You have to want it badly. I always ask
the student, Do you know how many
people are going out for this job? Do you
know how hard it is? We have anywhere
from 36-40 bass players at IU and most
of them are very good. They all have one
thing on their mind: They want to get a
job in a good orchestra. But theres Rice,
Colburn, and Curtis, among others, and
they are all churning out good bass players. When there is an opening, schools
are going to send their best. But what
most students dont understand is that
there are other players with 5-10 years
experience auditioning from other professional orchestras. They know how to play
in an orchestra and are going to go for
the same job as a student right out of
school. Students have to think more globally about their competition. I think IU
is a good environment because it is large,
has a realistic sampling of what youre
going to come up against, and if you can
distinguish yourself here, there is a possibility that you might do so out there. So
thats the first thing, attitude. You must
want it badly enough and be willing to
work hard for it. I dont care how gifted
you are. Theres just too much good
competition out there, and audition-
ing committees are looking for any flaw

to narrow the field. They wont tolerate
anything thats not played well because it
wastes their time and means somebody
else didnt get a chance to audition. You
have to really want to do this and then
you have to distinguish yourself in the
environment youre in.
Do you have any particular advice

about the right hand? What is your
approach to developing the right
hand? Do you have any words of
wisdom for young teachers about
developing the right hand?
Its everything. Its your voice. The right
hand, to me, is the more important of the
two. I get students when they are 17-18
years old, so they have already had a lot
of training with both hands; but what
I inevitably find at the freshman level
is that the left hand is one to two years
ahead of the right hand in terms of what
it can do on the instrument. You must
get the two hands on a par with each
other. I have students do a lot of work
with alternated bows strokes, spiccato,
slurring, and string crossings; whatever
challenges the muscles to go in ways
theyve never gone before. The bow is all
about changing directions and being at
the right place at the right time. I have
a number of exercises for sensitizing the
hand to where the bow is and how much
hair is needed to make the sound you
want to make. I have some exercises so
the students begin to understand that
this is a real sensate process. Thats what a
bow isits your sensing mechanism for
the instrument. Many of the students are
enamored with the left hand because its
like a puzzleyou know, how many ways
can I finger this passage. But you dont do
much with any passage if the bow is in the
wrong place and the sound is wrong or if
you cant do spiccato or change the bow
well. We really do change the direction
of the bow, and we spend our whole
instrumental life trying to fool people that
we dont. We are trying to make an aural
illusion. Thats what it is. The best legato
strokes are the ones where you can hardly,
if at all, tell when the bow has changed
direction. Thats pretty subtle, when you
think about it, whether its violin or bass.
Shifting, vibrato, bow changesthese
are all actions and motions of the hands,

and every hand is different. You can invite
students to try exercises for these actions,
but inevitably they have to sense how to
do it. They have to sense, for instance, the
shift in relation to a bow change. As you
know, most people, if they have a forward
shift, the bow will be carried along with
that shift and you get a crescendo. Its a
natural motion between the two hands
and you have to teach the student that
the natural motion has to be controlled
or you will hear the unwanted surge.
That kind of independence of the hands
is hard to teach. I find thats one of the
most difficult things to do, to teach things
like vibrato, shifting, spiccato, and bow
control. These skills rely on sensitivity to
the string, the bow, and to motion itself.
Weve kind of jumped into the next

question, but lets just continue on
with that. Is there anything else you
want to add about left hand?
The left hand I think its about knowing intuitively the instruments contours.
Invariably bass players start talking about
position playing, you know, a la Simandl,
Nanny, and all that. The kids get very
disinterested with this. Its kind of nice
to know where third and fourth position
is, but it doesnt mean much to them. Its
theoretical and it varies significantly from
method to method. But thats not what
I am talking about. What I am talking
about is the fact that if you close your
eyes and run your hand up and down
the neck, you know where the notes are.
How is that? You know that because of
contours of the neck and where the neck
block starts, where the edge of the table
starts, etc. Its where your hand senses
these curves and edges. These impressions
are formed by a hand that is sensitized
to curves, to resistances and subtleties
like that. I dont think we explore this
aspect of left hand technique enough as
teachers. How does it feel? How does
the string feel here and there? Whats the
resistance of the string?
How do you approach teaching

performance majors versus students
enrolled in other programs within
the music school?
When they come through the door, they

are all equal, as far as I am concerned. I
dont care what program they are in. I say
that guardedly because I understand fully
the difference between a music education major, BSOF (Bachelor of Science
in an Outside Field), and a performance
major as far as their degree programs are
concerned and the hours available in their
programs for practice. I am fully aware
of those differences, but I dont let that
affect my teaching of the student in terms
of the quality I expect from their work.
Sometimes I may have to lessen the pressure on the student in terms of the types
of repertoire; but even so, these students
have to play a recital, so the pressure is
there anyway. There are studios, and this
was true in Michigan as well as here,
that simply try to avoid teaching these
students, and I think that is very, very
unfortunate, because a lot of these kids
are very talented and have a lot to offer.
They played the instrument well enough
to get accepted into the music school.
Somebody admitted them, so they are
here, and our job is to make them play
better, and make them better musicians.
What can music schools do to ensure that they are graduating welltrained teachers who also perform
well, given the realities of teacher
certification and university requirements?
It takes close coordination between the
music ed. department, the dean, and
whatever other departments are involved.
They all have a really big investment in
this because they are producing not only
future music teachers, but also people
who are vitally interested in music and
are going to be partakers of this music.
Its an important element. Ive seen the
charter of the Jacobs School of Music,
and it states at the beginning that its mission is to train music teachers to teach in
Indiana. I cant imagine a state school not
having that in there. What that means
in real life and how that translates to the
studio, is a question that will continue for
decades, but I think the music school has
an obligation socially and culturally to
make sure the teaching of these students
is at the highest level. Music is not a
luxury. Everybody has to have music to
make their lives more meaningful and

rich, to give it direction in many cases.
So the music schools have to do this.
They have to make sure that producing
good teachers is a mission, is the top job
in many cases. I think the studios have
to cooperate with that. Now, having said
that, certification many times is a dodge
for putting excellence on the back burner.
It boils down to a question of time. It
simply takes longer to get the music education degree. No institution wants to say
its going to take you longer and therefore
will cost you more money. I think people
will accept that it will take longer because
you are going to be studying harder,
and you need to take more credit hours.
As you know, I got my baccalaureate
degree in string instruments with public
school certification. It took me four years
and two summers to complete. I have
treasured that education my entire career
because it gave me perspectives that I
might never have gotten with a straight
performance degree. I think that a more
tailored string curriculum is needed in
most music schools so that we never have
a shortage of competent string teachers
for our public or private schools.
What advice do you have for

students preparing to take college
auditions?
question will remain, can they play lyrically? Can they play softly? Many music
schools now require bass players to bring
in orchestral excerpts as well as solos, so
we also coach them on this aspect.
You seem to approach each student

very individually and tailor your
curriculum to what each student
brings to the studio. How do you
adapt your curriculum for each
student?
I look at each student perhaps as a doctor regards a patient. You wouldnt give a
cough drop to every patient who comes
in with a cold. You have to listen to the
student carefully and then determine a
course of action. I always think that when
a student walks through the door, you
have to accept them exactly where they
are musically and instrumentally and
work from there, not simply be remedial.
I think you can be remedial when there
is no indication of progress. How can we
get them quickly to where they want to
go or where we want them to go? Everything is tailored. Why have one-on-one
teaching if it werent? I think teaching has
really evolved this waybass teaching
certainlybecause now I rarely see a
student who has gone through a method
Play what you play best. Most often, at

our bass entry auditions, we hear students
trying to impress. Either they play it
way too fast or they havent worked on it
enough. I do a lot of this preparation and
advising with teenagers at Interlochen.
The age group there is 16 to 18 and they
are intensely interested in how to prepare
for college auditions. Jack Budrow and I
have several seminars the last two weeks
of camp dealing with this very question.
We tell them to play their best pieces,
works they are most comfortable with,
and what makes them sound the best.
They have to work with their teachers
on this. They must prepare what schools
want them to prepare. They shouldnt
play something slow, and then another
slow piece because then it begs the question: Can they play quickly and in a
reasonably fast tempo? Students have to
use a little common sense. They shouldnt
play two fast pieces because then the
book from cover to cover. I never see

people who know the back end of Simandl
Book 1 or have even worked in Book 2.
Today musical materials for the instrument
are mix and match. There is a wonderful
book out by Lucas Drew, past president of
ASTA, who has collected etudes from various sources, violin, cello, bass, that have
certain focuses in helping technical things.
I think it exemplifies what I am talking
about. If a student is having coordination
trouble with bowing, lets say the alternated stroke at fast speeds, Lucas book has
a specific etude for this. As a teacher you
must know good teaching materials, and
you have to know whats out thereyour
resources.
Youve been involved in administration as an assistant dean, as string

department chair, in a variety of
ways your whole life, at the University of Michigan, at Interlochen, and
at Indiana University. Tell us a little
bit about what your thoughts are
about that.
I like the ability to affect some sort of control and change over programs and things
that affect students and music directly. I
like to think Im part of the solution and
not part of the problem when it comes to
collegiate music teaching. You hear this a
lot in music schools. People are moaning
and groaning about this and that. I always
thought to myself, thats not the way to
go about it. Youve got to be involved
with something thats important to you...
whatever it is. Thats what happened. I got
involved with these schools, and I liked
it because I could affect some changes. I
think thats the attraction. Some people
like to do research, others like to go out
and play concerts, etc. I did that for a
while, but I found that I got more satisfaction running a department or running a
division or whatever it was, because I could
see concrete results of my involvement,
whether they were good or not so good. It
kind of came naturally to me. I like chairing the string department because string
players are so passionate about what they
are doing. My wife Celeste says this all
the timemusicians are just so involved,
passionate, and focused on what they are
doing. They love it so much. I like that. I
like that kind of commitment.
Bob Phillips, pedagogue, teacher trainer and composer, is known as an

innovator in string education. As an orchestra teacher in Saline,
Michigan, Phillips built a string program that was a national model of
excellence in both classical and alternative music. One of todays
leading educational authors and composers, Phillips is a prolific writer
authoring many book series including the ground breaking Philharmonic
series and the revolutionary Sound Innovations method. His conducting
resume includes professional, all-state, and youth orchestras. He is an
expert in the use of large group pedagogy, beginning string instruction
and the development of alternative styles for strings. He and his wife, Pam, continue their
educational outreach via their clinics at national and state music conferences, educational
consulting and their leadership roles in ASTA. Currently, Phillips serves as director of string
publications for Alfred Music Publishing.
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The Influence of Gestalt

in Paul Rollands Theory of Pedagogy
by Ingrid Kovacs
An important aspect of learning to play a stringed instrument is the acquisition of skills. These skills enable the performer
to play at a high technical level, thus providing the tools and freedom to express the music. This article shows how Paul
Rolland incorporated the principles of Gestalt Theory into his violin pedagogy. A short background study of Gestalt Theory, compared and contrasted with selected approaches to teaching the violin, supports the view that Rollands method of
developing violin technique within the framework of total body action was unique in the field of string pedagogy.

Paul Rollands 40-year career left a lasting legacy on the string teaching profession. He was an articulate and observant teacher who analyzed all aspects of string playing, both physical and psychological. Rolland wrote, If I will be
remembered at all, it will be the awakening of body awareness and the use of sensory stimuli in teaching.1 He applied
the principles of Gestalt Theory and incorporated them into his violin pedagogy by taking into account the total body
involvement for every technical action. He searched for the kind of analytical pedagogical approach that would explain
the kinesthetic problems of playing the violin.2 Rollands book, Young Strings in Action, resulted directly from his work
with students. His other seminal work, The Teaching of Action in String Playing, is comprised of 17 films and a text, each
highlighting a specific aspect of string pedagogy.3

Throughout Rollands life, he continually analyzed the physiological and physical motions required in string playing. His aim was to reduce tension in the performers body by encouraging tension-free movements. This goal grew out
of his interest in observing, analyzing and evaluating the biomechanical movements of a string player. These observations led Rolland to realize that he must study all of the areas involved in the physical actions of string playing. He was
convinced that proper movements in string playing could occur only though the natural and coordinated use of the
entire body and its parts. Rollands purpose in becoming a string teacher was to discover the primary aspects of performance that would enable musicians to play with ease. He observed, It seems to us more useful not to think anymore
in terms of a right and left hand technique, but rather an entire body technique.4 Thus, he viewed the process of
learning to play the violin in terms of Gestalt.
Gestalt Theory

To understand how Rolland applied Gestalt to string pedagogy requires, first, an understanding of the basic
principles underlying this theory. The Gestalt theory arose in the late 19th century as a reaction to the prevalent
psychological theory of the time atomism.5 Atomism looked at the various parts of things with the idea that when
put together, one could see the whole. Gestalt theorists concerned themselves with how the human mind can perceive
wholes out of parts.

The Gestalt formula can be expressed as the following: There are wholes, the behavior of which is not determined
by that of their individual elements but where the part-processes are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of
the whole.6 The goal of Gestalt theory is to establish the nature of these wholes. The soap bubble is the classic example
of Gestalt for this very reason. An unyielding template or an abstract mathematical formula does not define its spherical
shape, or its Gestalt; rather, it emerges spontaneously by the parallel action of innumerable local forces of surface tension acting at all points on the surface simultaneously.

Gestalt, in education, consists of the whole-part-whole teaching method. For example, the study of the structure of a musical
work would first require listening to the entire piece. Then one
would continue with a study of the various elements, including
thematic ideas, orchestration, rhythmic motives, historical context
and so on. Subsequently, one would listen to the piece again,
emphasizing the relationship of the diverse parts and how they
contribute to the whole. The result is the acquisition of a more
complete understanding of the total piece.

The Gestalt theory applied to movement is Motion Gestalt.
The first person to use this term was F. J. J. Buytendijk in his
1956 book Allgemeine Theorie der menschlichen Haltung und Bewegung.7 He stated that the principle of minimal muscular tension
generally determines the most natural position, or the preferred
attitude.8 Therefore, Motion Gestalt refers to the balance of the
entire body. The natural state of the body is one in which the
activity-tension of all pertinent muscles are close to zero-state,
thus the joints assume the physiological zero-position.9 Applied
to violin pedagogy, Motion Gestalt is achieved when the body is
relaxed, and the natural position of the parts (such as the hands
and arms) pertaining to the Gestalt is assumed unconsciously.
Thus, the part-function (holding of the bow or the position of
the feet and trunk) must be understood within the concept of the
following relationship:
Good violin playing possesses a specific Gestalt quality,
which is not determined by the individual elements it contains but rather by the structural relationships between these
elements and the whole. Within this whole, each element
serves a specific and significant function, but only through
the smooth coordination of all elements will successful
performance result.10
Violin Pedagogical Theories
Violin pedagogical theories in the mid-1900s developed in two

diametrically opposing directions. On one side was the atomistic
approach of isolating each of the technical elements and, on the
other, the Gestalt approach of viewing the total body action. The
first approach is found in such method books as those by Paul
Herfurth (A Tune a Day), Samuel Appelbaum (String Builder),
and Mller-Rusch (String Method).11 Each of these method books
isolates a technical skill and then develops it. For example, A Tune
a Day introduces the fingers of the left-hand separately. Herfurth
was convinced that this was the most practical way of teaching beginners. These authors also advocated the finger pattern
approach in which fingerings are taught through patterns rather
than keys. With this approach, the student learns one basic set of
finger relationships (such as the 2-3 pattern) on all four strings.
Once that pattern is learned, a new one is addressed. The finger
pattern approach is based on the technical realities of a string
instrument.12 Teaching one finger pattern at a time is an example
of the atomistic approach to violin playing.

In String Builder, Applebaum introduced a new technique
within the context of a musical example. Conversely, Rolland prepared the new technique long before introducing it in an etude or
piece. Applebaum had no reinforcement or repetition built into
his method; instead each etude presents a new idea. In contrast,
Rollands method abounds with repetition and reinforcement of
concepts. When a method progresses from one isolated technical

element to another, without making connections between them,
it is an example of an atomistic approach to pedagogy. Herfurth,
Applebaum and Mller-Rusch did not address the importance of
establishing the concept of total body action, balance, and body
posture in string playing as correlated to development of motor
skills.13 Not only were right and left hand techniques isolated,
but each component was as well. They did not take into consideration the inter-relationship of the hands and arms.

Unlike his predecessors and contemporaries, Paul Rolland
was a proponent of the Gestalt approach. He believed that the
atomistic method did not develop the students physiological
movements or cognitive conception of technique. For example,
Rolland believed that the left hand position was not fully formed
until the third finger was introduced. As a result, Rolland did not
incorporate the finger pattern approach; instead, he set the left
hand playing position by having the student first place all three
fingers simultaneously on the fingerboard. This developed the
sensation of a well-formed left hand while relating to the total
body action of playing the violin.14
The Mind-Body Relationship
The 20th century witnessed increased interest in viewing the body

and mind as a single entity. Not only was Rolland interested in
Gestalt, he was also fascinated with Somatics and the Alexander
Method. Thomas Hanna, a philosopher (1928-1990) who studied
the body-mind connection, coined the term somatics in 1976.
Somatics is the art and science of the inner-relational process
between awareness, biological function, and environmentall
understood as being part of a synergistic whole.15

The teachings of Frederick Matthias Alexander (1869-1955)
also influenced Rolland. Alexander devoted his life to teaching
his technique, which is based on his discovery that continual interference with the head-neck-back relationship affects a persons
overall functioning. He founded a school in England where he
trained people to improve the alignment of their bodies through
simple, daily movements. The cardinal philosophy of the Alexander Technique is that the unity of the human body is indivisible.
The parts of the human organism are knit so closely into a unity
that any attempt to make functional change in the working of a
part is to alter the use and adjustment of the whole.16 Somatics
and the Alexander Technique considered the entire human being,
thus they aligned with Rollands teaching philosophy.
Rollands Pedagogical Approach
Rolland believed that students could learn all basic techniques

in the early years of violin study. His teaching sequence included
preparation, improvement of skill, and refinement. He began with
the preparation of the skill to be learned, often abstracted from
the instrument itself. An example of Rollands teaching sequence
is apparent in his teaching of rhythm through simple and natural
movements, such as waving, clapping and walking, as incorporated into the daily lesson plan. When the rhythmic elements
are prepared and understood by the pupil, rhythm will cease to
be a problem in performance, and the movements of the player
will become better organized.17 Rolland stressed the importance
of including such rhythm activities in every beginning lesson
not only as a learning tool, but also to motivate the student. He

also suggested using as background music the pieces the student
would eventually learn to play as a subconscious improvement
of the skill. Ultimately, the student learns the piece. Because the
technical aspects already have been introduced and worked on in
an assortment of ways, the student is better equipped to focus on
the musical elements. Rolland provided teachers with a variety
of rhythm exercises using the entire body, as well as the left and
right hands. The student is in the process of continually refining
his skills as each of these exercises is learned. Eventually, Rolland introduced notation, and the student makes the connection
between the rhythm, the action of producing the rhythm, and the
visual representation of that rhythm.

Another example of the influence of Gestalt on Rollands approach to violin pedagogy is how tuning is taught. He
believed in involving the student in tuning from the very first
lesson and that one of the most important skills that a student
can learn at the beginning stage is to hear the perfect fifth. Rolland suggested a series of actions18 to develop the tuning skill.
The first is for the student to transfer the instrument from rest
to playing position. Then the student is directed to pluck the A
string over the octave marker using either the third or fourth finger. Interestingly, at this point, the student is not only learning
to discriminate in-tune strings, but also is learning to shift the
hand up the fingerboard. The teacher tunes the strings in these
early stages. As the student becomes more skilled at holding
the violin, he or she learns to tune the strings by plucking and
adjusting the fine tuners.

Once bowing skills have been refined, the student adds the
bow to the tuning process and plays the two adjacent strings to
tune in fifths. Students learn the use of pegs as the final part of
the tuning sequence. Even in tuning, Rolland advocated acquiring
new skills from previously learned concepts and subconsciously
preparing skills to come. All this occurs while simultaneously
learning such skills as shifting, proper left hand placement, pizzicato and bowing. This is an example of Gestalt, because instead of
actually isolating different techniques, many elements are worked
on at the same time.

Rollands introduction of left hand technique begins simultaneously with the introduction of the violin hold. The students
stand with their feet forming a V (toes out and heels together)
and then move their feet slightly out, at about shoulder width.
This stance offers stability. Holding the violin like a banjo, the
students begin to strum the strings with the fourth finger of
their left hand. The contact point is fourth position. Strumming in this position requires the students wrists to be flexible
and naturally encourages the correct left hand position. Next,
the students move the violin to shoulder position; however, the
strumming never stops. The left hand continues to be relaxed
and well formed. A collapsed wrist is impossible in fourth
position.19 Strumming with the fourth finger not only ensures a
correct left hand but also prepares the student for the introduction of the fourth finger. The strumming movement keeps the
left arm relaxed and establishes, from the onset, the necessary
freedom of the left arm required for shifting and playing in higher
positions. These steps are repeated many times, and ultimately,
the strumming assumes rhythmic patterns. Thus, this example
demonstrates Rollands approach of preparation-improvement of
skill and refinement of skill. As is demonstrated by the preceding
examples, Rolland not only advocated whole-part-whole teaching

strategies, but he also used a spiral model teaching style.

In the spiral model, the same principles are addressed at each
level but in increasingly complex ways as appropriate to improved skills of the student. The spiral model is another example
of Gestalt applied to education. Paul Rolland believed that this
model, or curriculum, allowed basic concepts of actions in string
playing to be modeled on a master string playing technique in
conjunction with musical training for the students during their
rudimentary years of learning.20 He believed that natural playing
movements and good technique should be developed through
appropriate musical materials. His goal was to help the student
become a musically educated performer.

In addition to Gestalt, Rollands teaching pedagogy included
the following: movement, fundamental balances and leverage,
and control and regulation of voluntary movement. The underlying principle was total body action (Motion Gestalt). Rolland
believed that the string teacher should consider two important
aspects of movement the physiological and the physical. The
term physiology comes from the Greek word physis (nature) and
logos (word) and is, therefore, the study of the mechanical, biomechanical and physical functions of living organisms (in this case,
the human body).

Rolland was interested in the physical movements required
for specific techniques, and, more importantly, in how the balance and movement of the entire body affected the acquisition of
the skill. He defined physiological movement as the functions of
the body in play.21 Furthermore, he stated that these movements
include balance and synergy of movements. The particular types
of movements include swinging, sustained, passive and active.
Shifting to various positions on the instrument incorporates a variety of swinging movements. Sustained movements involve bowing long notes or slurring several notes together. Tension includes
excessive tension, static tension and relaxation. Active and passive
movements result when any action is initiated, executed and
released. An example is that the right wrist flexes in the course of
directional changes in bowing. Physical movements deal with the
speed and weight of the moving arm and bow. Bowing movement
includes the starting and stopping of the movement, acceleration
and deceleration, and the change of direction. Rolland devised his
action studies to facilitate students learning of specific techniques
used in string playing. Rolland designed these studies to help
transfer the weight of the instrument into the large muscles of
the body, leaving the limbs and appendages free to move.22

Balance and leverage are fundamentals in violin playing.
Rolland believed that all string playing movements should be in
synchronization with the bodys internal balance. The principles of
balance and movement in string playing are similar to those used
in the swinging of a golf club or the throwing of a ball. Rolland observed that the athlete involved his or her entire body in the sport.
He thought that one of the primary faults in current string methodologies was the lack of consideration for the body as a whole:
In sports, dancing, and activities, which require timing,
coordination and rhythmic response, these principles have
long been accepted. Traditional violin pedagogy, on the other
hand, is primarily concerned with the more obvious use of
finger, hand and arm movements during playing. Because
of their preoccupation with the complexities of technical and
musical problems, traditional methods fail to give proper
attention to the development of natural physical and body

responses necessary to acquiring sound performing skills.23

Rolland was convinced that there was a direct connection
between physiological activities and neurological development,
and that these factors influenced learning. Because of this, he
was interested in kinesthetics, which is the ability to sense the
position, location, orientation and movement of the body and
its parts. Not only is kinesthetic awareness of vital importance to
dancers and their understanding of movement, but it is important
for string players, too. Rolland ascribed to the concept of haptic
perception in which the process of touch helps the student acquire more knowledge of a motor plane (movement). Kinesthetics, haptic perception, the Alexander Method and somatics are
all related in that they deal with how we physically perceive the
world around us. Furthermore, they all support the Gestalt theory
by viewing the human body as whole-part-whole.
Conclusion
In addition to being an imaginative and thoughtful teacher,

Paul Rolland was also a gifted writer who left us with a legacy of
accounts of his teaching philosophy and pedagogy. His concern
went beyond the notes and tunes to teaching basic ideas and
concepts. He stressed that developing violin technique was not
an end in itself. Technique, he believed, was simply a means of
communicating musical expression. With the publication of so
many method books since his death, it would be an interesting
topic of further study to see how his teachings continue to influence string educational practices in the United States. As we strive
improve our teaching skills, we need to continue to re-examine
the pedagogical approaches of such influential teachers as Paul
Rolland. Rolland wrote, I believe we proved the point that an
awareness of the body and its movements will benefit the wellbeing, comfort and free movement of the player. It is good to see
beautiful movements and hear beautiful sounds. When these are
forthcoming, playing is a joy, and the children smile a lovely
reward to the teacher.24
Notes
1. Gerald Fischbach, A Comparative Performance Project in Violin Literature and an Essay
Consisting of a Comparative Study of the Teaching Methods of Samuel Applebaum and
Paul Rolland (D.M.A. diss., University of Iowa, 1972), 158.
2. Mark Joseph Eisele, The Writings of Paul Rolland: An Annotated bibliography and a
biographical sketch (Reston, VA: American String Teachers Association, 1980), web55.
mysecureserver.com/astawebcom/resouces/WOPR.pdf (accessed 10 June 2010), 2.
3. Paul Rolland and Marla Mutschler, The Teaching of Action in String Playing (Bloomington, IN: Tichenor Publishing, 2002), 32.
4. Bonnie Skaalid, Gestalt Principles of Perception[article on-line]; www.usak.ca/education/
coursework/skaalid/theory/gestalt/gestalt.htm (accessed 22 June 2010), 1.
5. Paul Rolland, Young Strings in Action (New York: Boosey & Hawkes, 1971, rev. Sheila
Johnson, 1985); and Paul Rolland and Marla Mutschler, The Teaching of Action in
String Playing (Bloomington, IN: Tichenor Publishing, 2002).
6. Max Wertheimer, Gestalt Theory, in Source Book of Gestalt Psychology, trans. and ed.
Willis D. Ellis [Article on-line] (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co, 1938; reprint, New
York: Gestalt Journal Press, 1997); http://www.gestaltthoery.net/archive/wert1.html
(accessed 25 August 2007).
7. F. J. J. Buytendijk, Allgemeine Theorie der menschlichen Haltung und Bewegung (Berlin:
Springer, 1956); quoted in Frederick F. Polnauer and Morton Marks, Senso-Motor Study
and its Application to Violin Playing (Urbana, IL: American String Teachers Association,
1964), 109.
8. Ibid., 110.
9. F.J.J. Buytendijk, Allgemeine Theorie der menschlichen Haltung und Bewegung (Berlin:
Springer, 1956).
10. Paul Rolland, Marla Mutschler, Richard Colwell, Donald Miller, and Arthur Johnson,
Final Report: Development and Trial of a Two-Year Program of String Instruction (U.S.
Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1971), 10.
11. Fischbach, A Comparative Performance Project in Violin Literature, 13.
12. Michael Paul Fanelli, Paul Rolland: His Teaching Career and Contributions to String
Pedagogy and Education (Ed.D. Diss., University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana,
2001), 15.
13. Paul Herfurth, A Tune a Day. (Boston: The Boston Music Company, 1961) Samuel
Appelbaum, String Builder (New York: Belwin-Mills Publishing, 1960). Mller-Rusch,
String Method (Van Nuys, CA: Kjos Music Company, 1961).
14. Ibid., 15.
15. Kim Chandler Vaccaro, Teaching Strategies: The Application of Found Images in Dance
and Sport, The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 68 (January, 1997),
http://www.questia.com (accessed 25 August 2007).
16. Rolland and Mutschler, The Teaching of Action, 30.
17. Ibid., 43. Research in this area remains of interest to scholars. See Judy Palac, Promoting
Musical Health, Enhancing Musical Performance: Wellness for Music Students, Music
Educators Journal 94 (2008), 18; and Judy Palac, Growing Healthy String Players,
http://marshallmusic.com/newsltter/growing_healthy_string_players.htm (accessed 26
June 2010).
18. Actions are exercises in Rollands pedagogy.
19. Fischbach, A Comparative Performance Project, 30.
20. Fanelli, Paul Rolland, 6.
21. Marianne Murray Perkins, A Comparison of Violin Playing Techniques: Kato Havas, Paul
Rolland, and Shinichi Suzuki (Bloomington, IN: American String Teachers Association,
1995), 92.
22. Ibid., 93.
23. Rolland and others, Final Report, 10.
24. Fischbach, A Comparative Performance Project in Violin Literature, 164.
References
Applebaum, Saumel. 1960. String builder. New York: Belwin-Mills Publishing.
Buytendijk, F.J. J. 1957. Allgemeine theorie der menschlichen haltung und bewegung.
Berlin: Springer.
Eisele, Mark Joseph. 1980. The Writings of Paul Rolland: An annotated bibliography and
a biographical sketch. Reston, VA: American String Teachers Association, web55.
mysecureserver.com/astawebcom/resouces/WOPR.pdf.
Fanelli, Michael Paul. 2001. Paul Rolland: His teaching career and contributions to string
pedagogy and education. Ed.D. diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Fischbach, Gerald. 1972. A comprehensive performance project in violin literature and
an essay consisting of a comparative study of the teaching methods of Samuel
Applebaum and Paul Rolland. D.M.A. diss., University of Iowa.
Herfurth, Paul. 1961. A tune a day. Boston: The Boston Music Company.
Perkins, Marianne Murray. 1995. A comparison of violin playing techniques: Kato
Havas, Paul Rolland, and Shinichi Suzuki. Bloomington, IN: American String
Teachers Association.
Mller, Frederick and Harold Rusch. 1961. String method. Van Nuys, CA: Kjos Music
Company.
Palac, Judy. 2008 Promoting musical health, enhancing musical performance: wellness
for music students, Music Educators Journal 94, 18.
________. Growing healthy string players,

http://marshallmusic.com/newsltter/growing_healthy_string_players.htm
Polnauer, Frederick F. and Morton Marks. 1964. Senso-Motor study and its application to
violin playing. Urbana, IL: American String Teachers Association.
Rolland, Paul and Marla Mutschler, Richard Colwell, Donald Miller and Arthur Johnson.
1971. Final report: development and trial of a two-year program of string instruction.
US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Rolland, Paul and Marla Mutschler. 2002. The teaching of action in string playing. 2nd Ed.
Bloomington, IN: Tichenor Publishing.
Paul Rolland. 1971. Young strings in action: Paul Rollands approach to string teaching.
Rev. Sheila Johnson, 1985. New York: Boosey & Hawkes.
Skaalid, Bonnie.1999. Gestalt principles of perception.

www.usak.ca/education/coursework/skaalid/theory/gestalt.ht
Vaccaro, Kim Chandler. January 1997. Teaching strategies: the application of found
images in dance and sport. The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,
no. 68. www.questia.com.
Wertheimer, Max. 1938. Gestalt theory. In Source book of Gestalt psychology, translated and
edited by Willis D. Ellis. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.; reprint, New York: Gestalt
Journal Press, 1997. www.gestaltthoery.net/archive/wert1.html.
Ingrid Kovacs has taught orchestra in the Clark

County Schools for more than ten years. She has
presented numerous times at ASTA and other
conventions. Her dissertation on Phyllis Young was
nominated for Outstanding Dissertation in Music Education Award in 2010. She continues her research
and has presented at several poster sessions,
including most recently Understanding the Motivational Needs and Drives of the Adolescent Child
(ASTA, 2011) and The Influence of Gestalt on Paul Rollands Theory of
Violin Pedagogy (ISME, Beijing, 2010; ASTA, 2009; MENC, 2008).
Recently she read her paper on Robert Klotman at the Chattanooga
Symposium on the History of Music Education. She currently writes
reviews for the American String Teacher. She contributed an article on
Phyllis Young and Dorothy Delay for the second edition of the New
Grove Dictionary of American Music (Oxford University Press, 2010).

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String Class
by Brian Verdi
UP AND RUNNING IN
10 MINUTES OR LESS
The start of any string class presents many obstacles that can prevent a rehearsal
from running smoothly. More often than not broken instruments, stuck pegs,
broken bows and out-of-tune instruments can prevent a teacher from beginning
a rehearsal. Establishing effective procedures for a string class can be a difficult
task, but such procedures are absolutely essential in ensuring a well-run rehearsal. The following example represents a scenario of a string teachers typical day.

As students begin to enter the classroom, some bring in severely out-oftune instruments. While the teacher attempts to fix the instruments, students
continue to enter the classroom without the teachers full attention. Some take
out their instruments, while others wait for direction or stop to ask questions.
After the instruments are fixed, the teacher settles the class down and begins
the tuning process. An open A is played by one of the students, and the teacher
walks around the classroom tuning each instrument. The teacher stops along the
way to ask restless students to be quiet as the process continues. After tuning,
the teacher takes attendance and attends to other tasks. Finally, after several
frustrating minutes, the teacher is prepared to start the warm-up and begin the
lesson.

The preceding scenario can be avoided by developing a procedure that allows the majority of students to tune their instruments while the teacher assists
those who need help the most. By investing a small amount of time training
students to tune their instruments and to follow an effective procedure, string
teachers can expect to eliminate hours of downtime and disruptions, and effectively increase the actual lesson or rehearsal time over the course of a year.
Equally important, teachers can anticipate that their students will be more ontask, self-disciplined and self-sufficient.1

The following procedure will improve the independence of string students
while alleviating the hectic start at the beginning of class and establishing a daily
routine in which students tune their instruments and perform a warm-up within
the first 10 minutes of the period. This procedure has worked well with all levels,
from those in elementary string classes to students in high school string orchestras. Since not all string programs have small group lessons where teachers have
time to teach skills like tuning, a tuning method has been included. This method
is accessible to all students and requires a small amount of time to teach.

This procedure can be completed in three steps: 1) warm-up before tuning,
2) class tunes together, and 3) final warm-up before the lesson. By executing
this routine at the beginning of the daily lesson, string classes can run smoothly
while maximizing the actual rehearsal or lesson time.
STEP 1: WARM-UP BEFORE TUNING

At the beginning of class, students naturally like to socialize and procrastinate. To eliminate this downtime, start a warmup immediately. Some teachers may choose to start the warm-up as students are entering the room. It is best to postpone
answering any questions or fixing any instruments until the entire class has begun the warm-up.

Begin the warm-up by stepping onto the podium, signifying that the class has started. Play a short rhythm on any
instrument and expect the students to echo back. During this time, students might still be getting their instruments out.
Continue with the warm-up until all of the students are seated and echoing back. As time progresses, you may notice students rushing to get their instruments to join you and the class in the warm-up. Once this procedure is well-established,
verbal commands, such as please take your seats or please stop talking, will be unnecessary.

Make the first warm-up count toward the tuning process. Since the instruments have not yet been tuned, use this
warm-up as an ear-training exercise. Students will need to learn how to match pitch, no matter how out of tune they find
their instruments. Avoid playing any open strings since they could be out of tune. Choose a fingered note such as a B on
the A string. Play B in a rhythmic pattern such as 1&2&3&4. Continue to play the rhythm until all the students match
the pitch. Then choose a different pitch such as D on the A string. Again, have the students echo the pitch back until the
ensemble matches it. Continue with ear-training exercises and make them more complex by adding a variety of pitches,
melodies and rhythms. This warm-up will gradually develop students ability to match pitch.2
Preparation for Step 2:
Before proceeding to Step 2 some preparation is needed in order to make the tuning process run smoothly. Each music
stand should be equipped with an electronic/digital tuner. Each tuner can be fastened onto a stand using tape or Velcro as
a way to avoid losing the tuners. In addition, the teacher should consider purchasing a microphone for each tuner. Microphones connect the tuner and the instrument, and are used to stop any interference from surrounding instruments.

Purchasing tuners and microphones can be costly for some school districts. The starting price for a tuner is about
$11 and microphone prices begin at $7. If a string program is unable to afford the purchase of these tuners there are some
options to consider. Each student can be asked to purchase a tuner and microphone as part of his or her school equipment. If students cannot afford to purchase these items a fundraiser can help pay for them. Many string teachers have
found that the use of tuners and microphones yield returns far greater than the cost of the items.

To make the tuning process effortless, all instruments should have fine tuners and pegs that are in good working
order. To make the fine tuners move easily, place a small dab of lubricant (cork grease for woodwind instruments can be
used) on the screw of the fine tuners. This should make the fine tuners move easily. Pegs can be made to turn smoothly
by first taking them out of the instrument, cleaning the residue off with rubbing alcohol, and then adding a little peg
compound around the area where the pegs touch the holes of the peg box.
STEP 2: CLASS TUNES TOGETHER

When the ear-training exercise concludes, step off the podium and ask the students to begin tuning. During the first
week of using this step students will learn how to adjust their fine tuners, match pitch and use their electronic tuners. The
teacher will demonstrate how to draw a smooth bow stroke while adjusting the fine tuners.

The teacher will also demonstrate how to accurately use the tuner in conjunction with the attached microphone. The
microphone should be placed into the input slot and the tuner should be set to the desired frequency (i.e. 440 Hz). It is
important to mention the settings because some students play with the tuners and inadvertently set them to the wrong
frequency. Emphasis should be placed on being 100 percent in tune as displayed by the tuner. Some digital tuners have
red lights to signify out of tune and a green light for in tune.

Some students will automatically know how to use the tuners. Others will need more assistance, especially those who
need their instruments tuned using the pegs. For practical purposes, tuning with the pegs should be delayed in the early
tuning process. Reasons for this approach will be explained later in this article.

Once the tuning routine has been established, the teacher can move on to other tasks. When the students are tuning
their instruments the teacher can take attendance, help students who are having difficulty tuning and/or fix broken instruments. The teacher can now take advantage of the class independence and be proactive in the classroom management
process.

Some teachers have concerns about using electronic tuners.3 Standard electronic tuners utilize equal tempered
tuning in which half steps are tuned equally apart. Professional string players do not all agree on one system of tuning,
and intonation is often a debatable topic.4 The objective of this procedure is to have a group of students tune as quickly
and effectively as possible. In addition, students will be able to tune themselves rather accurately when they are at home
practicing without the guidance of the teacher. It is better for the student to tune relatively accurately than not at all. As
time permits, the teacher may eventually move away from tuning with the assistance of electronic tuners and toward the
teachers preferred system.
Students Hand Strength and Dexterity

Students often have trouble tuning their instruments using the fine tuners and/or the pegs. One of the reasons for such
difficulties is related to the development of the students hand strength and dexterity. All students develop at different
rates and therefore hand strength and dexterity will range quite differently from one student to the next.
Im Not Good with the Left Hand!
While I was teaching an elementary student to tune her violin using her fine tuners, I stumbled onto a crucial fact when
she exclaimed, Im not good with the left hand! It dawned on me that I was trying to teach her to tune using her weakest hand. She had her instrument resting on her left shoulder while trying to tune with her left hand. Teachers have to
remember that almost 90 percent of people are right-handed, and students are thus most likely adjusting their fine tuners
with their weakest hand.5 Teachers cannot expect all students to have the same strength and dexterity.
Having Trouble Opening a Medicine Bottle? Try Turning a Peg.
The inability to tune using the pegs is a universal problem among string students. The difficulty lies in the strength of the
student in conjunction with the ability to coordinate the motion needed to make a peg adjust and stick. Some teachers
prefer students to tune with the violin or viola resting on the shoulders while adjusting the pegs with their left hands.
Others have their violin and viola students rest the instruments on their knees and use their hands to adjust the pegs.
Even if students use their dominant hand, they may not have the necessary coordination and strength to adjust the pegs.
Young students must be able to push the peg into the instrument and turn simultaneously. Insisting that students tune
with the pegs can consume a good amount of class time.

Some students simply may not have the strength or coordination to tune using the pegs. This does not mean that
you should not use them but rather a suggestion for other methods given the development of students strength, dexterity and cognitive abilities.6 The motion that is required to turn a peg is similar to that used to open palm and turn
child safety caps. These caps require the user to push and turn simultaneously in order to remove the lid. Palm and turn
safety caps have been very successful in keeping children from accessing dangerous medications, but the same motion has
prevented many string students from tuning their own instruments. It takes the development of a childs strength and
dexterity to be able to successfully push and turn a peg. Therefore, we cannot expect all children to be able to tune an
instrument in this manner.

In the absence of a students ability to tune using the pegs, other options can be made available. The student may
want to invest in mechanical pegs that automatically stick when the peg is turned. The teacher could assist the student
during the tuning stage of the procedure. It is also a good idea to have spare instruments on hand in case the teacher is
unable to tune an instrument or do an immediate repair.
STEP 3: FINAL WARM-UP BEFORE THE LESSON

As the students are tuning their instruments, the teacher should remain off the podium. Once the class is finished with
the tuning, the teacher should step onto the podium to signify that class has started. At this point the class should be
silent. The teacher can do a final check on the tuning by having the students play their open strings or quizzing them on
the accuracy of their tuning.

After double-checking the students tuning, the teacher can begin a final warm-up, such as a scale. After the warmup has concluded, the teacher can begin the lesson. This routine will take some time to establish, but with consistency
every minute of the rehearsal will be utilized to the ensembles advantage.
CONCLUSION
Establishing classroom routines will not only save time but also provide efficiency that will result in a disciplined, wellmanaged class. Students who follow classroom procedures will know what is expected from them from the time they
enter the classroom until the end of the period, resulting in an organized start to each lesson.7 Once the aforementioned
procedure is established, students will know to walk into the classroom, get their instruments out, begin the warm-up
by echoing the teacher, tune their instruments, and perform the final warm-up without any verbal commands from the
teacher. Over the course of a year string teachers will gain rehearsal time, reduce classroom disruptions, and provide a
seamless start to each class.

It is advantageous for both student and teacher to follow a consistent classroom procedure. Students will gain more
instructional time, increasing their knowledge and skills. Since string instruments are sensitive by nature, teachers will
gain control over what could be the start of an unpredictable class. Whatever classroom procedure is decided upon, a
consistent start to each class is crucial in providing the best education for students.
Notes
1. Harry Wong and Rosemary Wong, The First Days of School: How to Be an Effective Teacher, 4th ed. (Mountain View, California: Harry Wong Publications, 2009), 165.
2. Donald Hamann and Robert Gillespie, Strategies for Teaching Strings: Building Successful String Program (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 59.
3. Michael Alexander, Teaching Tuning to the String Orchestra: Classroom Procedures for Beginning to Advanced Students, American String Teacher 58.4 (November 2008): 1.
4. Benjamin Whitcomb, Improving Intonation, American String Teacher 57.4 (November 2007): 43.
5. A. N. Gilbert and Charles J. Wysocki, Hand Preference and Age in the United States, Neuropsychologia 30(7) (1992): 6018.
6. Claudio Javier de la Fufente, The Use of Universal Design Methodology for Developing Child-Resistant Drug Packaging (masters thesis, Michigan State University, 2006), AAT 1438093
11517.
7. Julia G. Thompson, Discipline Survival Kit for the Secondary Teacher (New Jersey: Jossey Bass, 1998), 72.
Bibliography
Alexander, Michael. Teaching Tuning to the String Orchestra: Classroom Procedures for Beginning to Advanced Students. American String Teacher 58.4 (November 2008): 2026.
de la Fuente, Claudio Javier. The Use of Universal Design Methodology for Developing Child-Resistant Drug Packaging. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University, 2006. AAT 1438093
Gilbert, Avery, and Charles J. Wysocki. Hand Preference and Age in the United States. Neuropsychologia
30(7) (1992): 6018.
Hamann, Donald, and Robert Gillespie. Strategies for Teaching Strings: Building a Successful String and Orchestra
Program. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Thompson, Julia. Discipline Survival Kit for the Secondary Teacher. New Jersey: Jossey Bass, 1998.
Whitcomb, Benjamin. Improving Intonation. American String Teacher 57.4 (November 2007): 4245.
Wong, Harry, and Rosemary Wong. The First Days of School: How to Be an Effective Teacher. 4th ed. Mountain
View, California: Harry Wong Publications, 2009.
Brian Verdi is the orchestra director at John P. Stevens High

School in Edison, New Jersey and is currently a doctoral student
in music and music education at Teachers College, Columbia
University. He holds certification in all levels of the Suzuki Violin
Method from the School for Strings in New York City. He can be
reached at [email protected].
2012
ASTA
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
la
Ma
rri
ot
At
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Ma
srqui
Atlanta, Georgia
March
21-24
Join your colleagues for another phenomenal ASTA National Conference. The three days will be jam-packed with sessions that will interest and excite every person in the string world. Whether you are a classical or alternative styles performer, a teacher from the private
studio, K-12 or university, or a student, there will be tons of sessions that will pique your interest. The ASTA conference is the best
place to enhance your skills and knowledge about string-related topics. You will also make valuable networking contacts.
Education and Showcase Sessions
Please visit the 2012 national conference section of the ASTA website
to view full session titles, descriptions, and presenters. More than 180
sessions will be presented in Atlanta!
Juried Poster Sessions
Research conducted by leading pedagogues in the string profession will be

on display. It is not too late to submit a proposal for a Juried Poster Session.
Online proposals are due October 15. Visit www.astaweb.com for more
details.
Pre-Conference Sessions on Wednesday
ASTA will host pre-conference sessions that run from noon to 5 p.m. on
Wednesday, March 21. The five-hour sessions include alternative styles,
K-12, private studio, solo adjudication, and for the first timeguitar.
Additionally, if you are a state president, the state leadership workshop is
also held at this time.
Invited Performing Groups
ASTA is pleased to invite four student groups to perform

at various times and venues during the conference. The
Listening Committee had the difficult job of selecting
four groups from 20 competitive applications. According
to committee members, the playing level for all of the
groups was very high.
Starling Chamber Orchestra
Director Kurt Sassmannshaus, Ohio (Opening
Ceremony)
Bak Middle School Advanced Chamber Orchestra
Director Nancy Beebe, Fla. (NHSHO Concert)
Walton High School Philharmonia
Director Perry Holbrook, Ga. (NHSHO Concert)
The Robinson High School School Guitar Ensemble
Director Scott Seifried, Va. (Guitar-in-the-Schools PreConference session, Grand Opening of the Exhibit Hall)
Featured Evening Performances
Thursday Evening
The conference entertainment begins with the Atlanta

Symphony Orchestra (ASO), currently in its 67th
season, and special guest Leonidas Kavakos, Greek
violin virtuoso. Kavakos, while still in his teens, won the
Sibelius competition in 1985 and then, three years later,
the Paganini competition. Following these successes, he
received invitations from all corners of the world. The
ASO is one of Americas leading orchestras, known for
Photo credit:
Yannis Bournias the excellence of its live performances and presentations.
The orchestra performs more than 200 concerts each year,
including educational and community concerts.
Friday Evening
Sit back, relax, and enjoy the talents of the National High
School Honors Orchestra. There will be a special opening
performance by Bak Middle School Advanced Chamber
Orchestra and the Walton High School Philharmonia.
Saturday Evening
Be taken on a stylistic journey when

Barrage takes the stage on Friday
evening. Adding to the groups visual
and aural fusion of music in the
opening performance will be the grand prize winner of
the Eclectic Strings Festival and a unique appearance of all
festival participants.
Master Class Clinicians

Pre-College Level Master Classes
Bass: Alex Pershounin, Columbus State University
Cello: Melissa Kraut, Cleveland Institute of Music
Sponsored by: Clemens Violins, Violas, Violoncellos
Viola: Juliet White-Smith, University of Northern Colorado
Sponsored by: Thomastik-Infeld/Connolly Music
Violin: Samantha George, Lawrence University
Collegiate Level Master Classes
Bass: DaXun Zhang, The University of Texas at Austin
Cello: Jeffrey Solow, Temple University
Viola: Jennifer Stumm, Royal College of Music, London
Violin: Kurt Sassmannshaus, Cincinnati CollegeConservatory of Music
Multilevel Master Classes
Eclectic Styles: members of Barrage
Sponsored by: Shar Products Company
Chamber Music: Astrid Schween, University of
Massachusetts
Guitar: Joseph Pecoraro, University of North Carolina
School of the Arts
Harp: Elizabeth Blakeslee, National Symphony Orchestra
Conference Sponsors
(as of June 30)
Please join us in giving a big thank you to the following companies

who continuously support ASTA, the conference, and youthe
educators. Without this support, the conference would not be a
success.
Platinum Sponsors
Potter Violin Company
Shar Products Company
Yamaha Corporation
Silver Sponsors
Alfred Music Publishing Co.
DAddario & Co., Inc.
Gold Sponsors
Merz-Huber Company
Connolly/Thomastik-Infeld
Bronze Sponsors
Claire Givens Violins
Electric Violin Shop
Clemens Violins, Violas,
Violoncellos
Strings Magazine
Network and Socialize with

Your Colleagues!
Dont miss out
on the social
and networking
opportunities
available at the
conference
stroll through the
exhibit hall with
friends to see the latest offerings from the
industry and pick up a few goodies along
the way!
Encore Presentation
Smashing success in 2011
to be repeated in 2012!
Wednesday evening
meet-and-greet social.
Come meet the new
national board officers,
connect with old friends,
and make new ones. First
time attendeesthis is
a great way to meet
fellow teachers in your area and around
the country. Find people to attend sessions
and dine with during the three days. ASTA
represents the premier networking opportunity in strings. I have met so many incredible
colleagues and
friends through
my involvement.
Many of these
relationships led
to professional
opportunities that
I never imagined
possible, says Kirk Moss, ASTA president.
For more information on things to do in
Atlanta and the surrounding area, be
sure to visit www.atlanta.net.
2012
ASTA
NATIONAL CONFERENCEpreview
National High School Honors
Orchestra
The National High School Honors Orchestra (NHSHO) is a performing group of 90 competitively selected
high school musicians who assemble biennially to perform at the ASTA National Conference. The upcoming selection of musicians will perform under the direction of maestro Ryan McAdams in Atlanta, Georgia.
Conference attendees and the general public are invited to attend the NHSHO concert, at 8 p.m. Friday,
March 23 at Georgia State Universitys Rialto Theater. For more information on the invited students, concert program, and conductors bio, visit www.astaweb.com.
Sponsored by: The Potter Violin Company
Confirmed Exhibitors
(as of June 30)

American Fine Instruments
American Viola Society
Brenreiter
Beethoven & Co., Inc.
Blue Arch Music Inc.
Carl Fischer Music
Cedarmont Woodworking
Clemens Violins, Violas, Violoncellos
Conn-Selmer Inc.
DAddario & Co.
Dixon Strings
Eastman Strings Inc.
Eliton, LLC
Erwin Otto Strings (RS Berkley)
Fiddlesticks International
FJH Music
G. Edward Lutherie
G. Schirmer
Hal Leonard
G. Henle USA
Huthmaker Violins
Knilling String Instruments
Latham Music
Lucks Music Library
LudwigMasters Publications
Merz-Huber Company
Neil Kjos Company
Noteable Inc.
Private Studio Guidebooks
Rufino Violins
Saga Musical Instruments
Singing Woods Violin Shop
Stantons Sheet Music
Strings Magazine
Super-Sensitive Musical String Co.
Tempo Press
Things 4 Strings LLC
Thomastik-Infeld/Connolly Music
Violinjazz/Quartet San Francisco
William Harris Lee & Co., Inc.
Wood Violins
io
arr
tt A
aM
tlant
arquis - Atlanta, Georgia
March
21-24, 2012
2012 National Orchestra Festival

2012 Invited National Orchestra Festival Groups
*Groups participating in the Festival in Atlanta will not be determined until fall when invited
groups accept or decline.
Comments High School String Orchestra
Lake Gibson High School Orchestra
Lakeland, Fla.
Michael Sedloff, director
Ratings and Comments High School String
Orchestra
Appleton East High School Honors Orchestra
Appleton, Wisc.
Carrie Gruselle, director
Charleston County School of the Arts Symphony Orchestra
Charleston, S.C.
Sarah Fitzgerald, director
Logan High School Orchestra
Logan, Utah
Peggy Wheeler, director
Meadowdale High School Chamber Orchestra
Lake Forest Park, Wash.
Myrnie Van Kempen, director
Competition Middle School String Orchestra
Del Webb Middle School Chamber Orchestra
Las Vegas, Nev.
JaNae Taylor, director
John Hopkins Magnet Middle School Orchestra
Saint Petersburg, Fla.
David ONeill, director
Longfellow Middle School Chamber Orchestra
Falls Church, Va.
Susan Kervick, director
Competition High School String Orchestra
Arlington High School Philharmonia
Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
Jonathan Handman, director
Boise High Chamber Orchestra
Boise, Idaho
Wendy Hartman, director
Lord Byng Honours String Orchestra

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Odette Creanga-Kurth, director
Oscar Smith High School Chamber Orchestra
Chesapeake, Va.
Deanna Kringel, director
Roswell High School Chamber Orchestra
Roswell, Ga.
Sara White, director
Science Hill High School Topper Orchestra
Johnson City, Tenn.
Susan Sterling Lambert, director
Spring Valley High School Orchestra
Columbia, S.C.
Christopher Selby, director
St. Joseph High School Chamber Orchestra
Stevensville, Mich.
Burke Lokey, director
Yorktown High School String Orchestra
Arlington, Va.
Thomas Hartman, director
Competition High School Full Orchestra
Charleston County School of the Arts Symphony Orchestra
Charleston, S.C.
Sarah Fitzgerald, director
Mira Costa High School Symphony Orchestra
Manhattan Beach, Calif.
Peter Park, director
Winter Park High School Philharmonic Orchestra
Winter Park, Fla.
Laurie Bitters, director
Competition
Saratoga High School Strings
Saratoga, Calif.
Michael Boitz, director
Logan High School Chamber Orchestra

Logan, Utah
Peggy Wheeler, director
2012
ASTA
Coming to Atlanta . . .
Competition included!
March 22-24, Atlanta, Georgia

Sponsored by: Yamaha Corporation of America and
ASTAs Eclectic Strings Festival: A Mixture of Musical Styles

Unexplored genres of music are waiting for you at the 2012 ASTA Eclectic Strings Festival (ESF).
This festival, including the new competition and comment element, is filled with boundless
opportunities to stretch and enhance your musical abilities. Students and individuals will reap
the benefits of the new format that will add the spirit of competition along with concrete written
comments to take home and study. As an added bonus, competitive groups and individuals will
perform as the opening act for Barrage during the Saturday evening concert on March 24th.

Groups and individuals must apply by October 15th. Acceptances are based on application
information and supporting materials. Dont miss this opportunity to participate in a competitive
atmosphere or work on eclectic strings techniques with renowned adjudicators and clinicians.
Clinicians for the 2011 festival were Andy Carlson (fiddle), Christian Howes (rock), Randy
Sabien (jazz), and Martin Norgaard (jazz). We will soon be announcing the 2012 clinicians. (Keep
checking our website for up-to-date information.) Remember, competitive groups and individuals
perform for placement, as well as the opportunity to serve as the opening act for Barrage during the
Saturday evening concert.
Our ESF package includes the following:
The opportunity to participate in either a competitive or comments track (both are evaluated
by adjudicators/clinicians, and will receive written comments on their performances)
Multiple clinics to attend with leading experts in the field
A t-shirt with the ESF logo for each participant
Free entrance into all conference sessions
Free entrance to the ASTA strings-only exhibit hall, featuring the latest products and services
The exciting and exclusive opportunity to perform with Barrage during the Saturday evening
concert, as well as have clinics with the group throughout ESF
All conference attendees are invited to participate in ESF clinics. The clinic experience lets
attendees learn new eclectic strings techniques to take back to their students at home! See the
conference registration form to sign up. Contact Libby for more information about this event and your participation at libby@astaweb.
com. This event is generously sponsored by Yamaha Corporation and Alfred Music Publishing.
Individual Division
Thursday, March 22
Junior (ages 7-15)
or
Senior (ages 16-25)
Comments Track - 7 minutes to perform,

8 minutes to work with clinicians
Competitive Track - 15 minutes to perform
Group Division
Friday, March 23
Elementary School
High School
Middle School
Collegiate
Comments Track - 10 minutes to perform,
15 minutes to work with clinicians
Competitive Track - 25 minutes to perform
Questions? Call, 703-896-0774 or email [email protected].


March 22-24, 2012
Application Postmark Deadline: October 15, 2011
Name of School/Group/Individual Participant__________________________________________________________________
Name of Director________________________________________________________________________________________
ASTA Membership ID*___________________________________________________________________________________
Street Address___________________________________________________________________________________________
City, State, Zip__________________________________________________________________________________________
Office Phone_ ____________________________________________ Home Phone____________________________________
Email_________________________________________________________________________________________________
* Director must be a current member of ASTA both at the time of the application and at the time of the festival. Individuals must have an ASTA
member sponsor them or be an ASTA member themselves.
Individual Division
Comments
Competition
Junior (ages 7-15)*
Senior (ages 16-25)*
*Please provide a copy of your birth certificate.
Age ____________
Instrument____________
Senior (ages 16-25)

Junior (ages 7-15)
after March 22, 1987
after March 22, 1997
before March 22, 2005 before March 22, 1997
School/Group Division
*Minimum participant age of 10, maximum age of 25.
Comments
Competition
Elementary
Middle School
High School
Collegiate
Application packet must include:

Completed application form.
CD of group/individual recorded after September 1, 2010, representative of the ability of group or individual.
Groups must include roster that includes name, instrumentation and grade of each participant.
Application Review/Notification
Applications will be reviewed by a national committee, which will choose groups/
individuals to participate in the festival. The committee will make its decision by
November 15, 2011, and notifications will be sent shortly thereafter. Directors/
individuals will then need to submit a signed contract and pay the amount due by
December 15, 2011. This will confirm participation in the festival.
This application is submitted with the full approval of the school, youth orchestra
administration or parent/guardian. The signatures below indicate that the directors/
administration/guardian understand and agree to all the application requirements
including ASTAs cancellation policy. Submission of this application indicates that the group
or individual, if selected, will perform at the Eclectic Strings Festival March 22-24, 2012,
Atlanta, Georgia; and meet the payment deadlines. We hereby irrevocably grant to
ASTA, its agents, licensees, and assigns, the right to use in any and all media and in any
and all forms this applicants and members name, likeness, photographic prints, and any
reproduction of their sounds, performance, or appearance at the ASTA event, for any
purpose, including promotion, advertising, or otherwise. With the use of the rights, we
hereby release ASTA and its agents, licensees, and assigns from all claims, liabilities, and/or
damages, which now or in the future may arise from such use.
___________________________________________________
Director/Participant/Guardian Signature
Package:
$250/person includes all festival
fees. Transportation, accomodations and meals are
the responsibility of each participant or group.
Total no. of packages: ____________

Payment will be due by December 15, 2011.
An ASTA staff member will contact you about a
payment schedule.
___________________
Date
Cancellation Policy
Groups cannot cancel their participation after the signed contract of acceptance is returned to ASTA and full payment is due. NO EXCEPTIONS. There are no refunds on
application fees or deposits. This cancellation policy also applies to all circumstances beyond the attendees and/or ASTAs control, including, but not limited to, acts of God,
war, terrorism, government regulations, disaster, strikes, civil disorder, or curtailment of transportation. If you have a special circumstance and would like it to be reviewed
for special consideration, please send, in writing, an explanation of your circumstance and include any appropriate documentation. Your request will be reviewed within 30
days, and you will be notified subsequently of the outcome.
Return application to: ASTA Eclectic Strings Festival, 4155 Chain Bridge Rd., Fairfax, VA 22030
2012
ASTA
Hotel Information
Marriott Atlanta Marquis
265 Peachtree Center Avenue
Atlanta, Georgia 30303
(404) 521-0000 (hotel direct)
(888) 855-5701 (reservations)
ASTA has secured a preferred rate room block at the Atlanta Marriott Marquis. Please contact
the hotel by calling toll free 888-855-5701 by the cut-off date of March 4, 2012 to secure your
reservations be sure to mention you are with ASTA in order to receive the special room rates.
We are anticipating that the ASTA room block will sell out before the cut-off date so you will
want to reserve early to ensure space availability.
Single: $155++
Double: $160++
Triple: $160++
Quads: $160++
Hotel room rates are subject to applicable state and local taxes (currently 15%) in effect at
the time of check-out. You can also make room reservations on-line. There is a link at www.
astaweb.com under 2012 National Conference/Hotel and Travel that will take you to the on-line
reservation system.
Call for Poster Session Papers

The American String Teachers Association will sponsor a research poster session at
their national conference in Atlanta, Georgia on Friday, March 23, 2012. Studies
being conducted by undergraduate students, graduate students, university faculty,
and practicing teachers in public or private schools are currently being accepted. This
poster session is open to papers involving any aspect of string playing and teaching
including those that are philosophical, theoretical, or historical in nature, as well as
reports that are qualitative or quantitative in design. The deadline for submissions
is October 15, 2011.
Submission Process
All submissions must meet the Code of Ethics published in the Journal of Research
in Music Education and should not have been published prior to the conference.
Papers presented at other conferences will be considered for poster presentation if the
audience was substantially different (e.g. a state meeting or a university symposium).
A statement specifying particulars of your presentation must be included with the
submission. You must be a member of ASTA at the time of submission and presentation. If accepted, the primary or a listed co-researcher must register for and attend
the conference to present the poster. Presenters will be expected to bring 40 copies of
their abstract and five copies of the completed report to the session.
Only online submissions will be considered. You can access the online proposal
form at astaweb.com. Click on conferences, then follow the link to submit your
paper. Please email Deanna Tompkins at [email protected] if you have any questions. You will be notified of your acceptance status via email in November 2011.
2012
ASTA N ational Conference

March 21-24, 2012
Atlanta, Georgia
Early-bird rates!
Name_ __________________________________________
Conference Rates
Member ID #_ ______________________________________
Early Bird Registration:

postmarked on or before Dec. 15
Address 1_________________________________________
ASTA Member Rates
Address 2_________________________________________
City, State, Zip, Country_ ________________________________
______________________________________________
Phone_____________________ FAX____________________
Email_ __________________________________________
University
Pre-Registration:
postmarked Dec. 16 Feb. 24
$265
Nonmember Rates
Private Studio
Performer
Student
q Check here if first-time attendee.

Conference Badge Information
Please print your name and city, state, or country as you wish it to appear on your badge.
Name on Badge_____________________________________________________
City and State/Country_________________________________________________
Payment Information
q Check (made payable to ASTA) Check #______ Note: Registrations with funds
from outside the U.S. must be drawn on a U.S. bank.
q Purchase Order #_ ______________ (copy must be attached; must be fully paid
45 days before conference or balance collected at conference.)
q VISA
q MasterCard
q American Express
Card #_ _______________________________________
Exp. Date_______________________________________
Cardholder Name_ _________________________________
Signature_______________________________________
Cancellation Policy
All cancellation requests must be received in writing by February 1, 2012.
No refunds will be given on requests after this date. NO EXCEPTIONS. There is a
$75 cancellation fee. Refunds will not be processed until after the conference.
Photographs of You: Registration and attendance at, or participation in the ASTA National Conference and its
events and activities constitutes an agreement to ASTAs use and distribution (both now and in the future) of the
individuals image, likeness or voice in photographs, videotapes, electronic reproductions, and audiotapes of
such events and activities for promotional purposes.
Fax or email form to:
ASTA
4155 Chain Bridge Rd.
Fairfax, VA 22030
FAX 703/279-2114
Or register online at www.astaweb.com.
For questions, call 703/999-0169.
Totals
On-Site Registration:
postmarked after Feb. 25
$365
$375
Join today and save!
$419
$474
$529
$155
$205
Student Member Rates

$105
Student Nonmember Rates
Join today and save!
$205
Primary Profession (circle one):

K-12
by and
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st 15 Y
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Re mb MO
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De $A
R E G I S T R AT I O N F O R M
$255
Member One-Day Rate: $195
$305
Indicate which day (circle one):
Nonmember One-Day Rate: $269
Th
Optional Conference Activities

Pre-Conference Workshops (Choose only one.)
March 21, 12 p.m. to 5 p.m. $69 Members; $89 Nonmembers
q Alternative Styles
q Solo Adjudication 101
q K-12
q Guitar
q Private Studio
q Special Needs
Eclectic Strings Festival Teacher Participation - NEW!
$15
Evening Concerts
q Atlanta Symphony Orchestra
Thursday, March 22 (must pre-order) $20 x ____
q NHSHO Friday, March 23 (free)
_ ___
q Barrage Saturday, March 24
$20 x ____

Qty.= $_____
Qty.
Qty.= $_____
Total $_____
Documentation of Professional Development

q One-Time Enrollment Fee
q Certificate of Professional Development (includes hours)
$25
$10
q College Credit from Shenandoah University (these fees are paid directly to university, not
ASTA; check box to receive more information/participate)
Certificate of Participation*
Certificate of Conference Participation
$10 x _ __ = $_____
Name on Certificate: ______________________________________
* Does not contain hours of professional development. See above for option.
Special Donation - Giving in Harmony

q Yes, I want to support and grow youth string and orchestra
programs. My $50 helps!
$50
ASTA Membership (Join or Renew Now!)

Join or renew your membership when registering for the conference and take the
discounted member rate on registration fees. Memberships must be current prior to the
conference for member rates to apply.
q Professional
$105
q Dual
$145
q Full-Time Student
$50
q Senior (age 62 or over)
$75
(copy of ID required)
Total Registration Fees___________
ASTA and MENC Formalize the

Music Education Policy Roundtable
ASTA and the National Association for Music Education (MENC) officially
formalized the Music Education Policy Roundtable (MEPR) in late June
at MENCs National Assembly. MEPR is a coalition of music education
associations.
At the assembly, Donna Hale, ASTA executive director, was presented
with an award as Scott Shuler, MENC president, offered the following
remarks, With the formalization of the Music Education Policy Roundtable complete, a tremendous leap forward has taken place, and as one
of the leaders of this association, I feel that we should all be very proud.
I want to thank Donna Hale and everyone at ASTA for their associations
substantial commitment to music advocacy and to making the roundtable
a reality.
ASTA President Kirk D. Moss issued the following statement, The
American String Teachers Association is pleased to join with MENC as
Music Education Policy Roundtable members to buttress the call for music
advocacy action and to build strength in numbers of historic proportion.
Through the roundtable, the voice of music teachers just grew louder, and
Americas students again have the promise of a well-rounded education.
The presentation concluded with a commitment from all leaders on
hand to bring more music education associations into the fold, and with
a promise to begin reporting on roundtable progress to all members of
both associations.
Left to right: Scott C. Shuler, MENC president;
Donna Hale, ASTA executive director; and
Michael A. Butera, MENC executive director
Donna Hale, ASTA executive director,

accepts an award on behalf of ASTA for its
contribution to the Music Education Policy
Roundtable.
ASTA Leaders Meet

with MENC Officials
to Discuss New Music
Education Policy
Roundtable
ASTA and MENC are
the inaugural members
of a new Music
Education Policy
Left to right: Bob Phillips, ASTA president-elect;
Roundtable. The
Kirk Moss, ASTA president; Michael Butera,
roundtable will focus
MENC executive director, Michael Blakeslee,
deputy executive director and chief operating
on the importance
officer; and Chris Woodside, assistant executive
of advocacy coalition
director, Center for Advocacy & Public Affairs.
building at all levels
and on the need to
buttress efforts through developing relationships and
strength in numbers.
Committee Spotlight
ASTA Publications Committee
Mission Statement: Generate ideas for possible publications, suggest authors, review potential publications as they are developed or submitted,
and selects meritorious ones for presentation to Board.
Marilyn Seelman, Chair
Marilyn Seelman, ASTA national board
member, is publications chair and 2011
ASTA National Solo Competition chair. She
is also a past-president of the Georgia
Chapter of ASTA. She is the conductor and
music director of the Metropolitan Youth
Symphony Orchestras of Atlanta and has
served on the faculties of Trinity University,
University of New Mexico-Albuquerque, and Georgia State
University. She received her doctorate in conducting from the
University of Miami and her master of music in viola from
Boston University. Along with conducting nationally, she has an
active viola studio and is an ardent advocate for string education.
Elaine Colprit
Elaine Colprit teaches string education and

graduate courses in the College of Musical
Arts at Bowling Green State University. She
holds a master of music from the Cleveland
Institute of Music and a Ph.D. in music
education from the University of Texas at
Austin. A former public school string teacher
and cello instructor, she has performed
extensively in orchestral and chamber music
settings. Her research addresses issues of systematic observation
and evaluation of music teaching. She has presented at meetings
of the TMEA, MENC, Fourth International Conference of
Technological Directions in Music Education, American Music
Therapy Association, Suzuki Association, and the Association for
Behavior Analysis.
Lynne Denig
Lynne Denigs love for explaining anything

related to music has led her not only to
teaching violin and viola students of any age
but also to writing for national music
journals to presenting workshops and
sessions at conferences nationally and
internationally. She is past president of the
Virginia American String Teachers Association, coordinator of the Paul Rolland Workshop, co-owner of
Frisch and Denig Custom Chinrests, co-author of the ASTA CAP
Program and Handbook, and founder of the Youth Orchestras of
Fairfax. Her doctoral work was at the University of Iowa, masters
completed at the University of Illinois, and bachelors degree from
West Virginia University all in violin performance and pedagogy.
John Fetter
John Fetter is assistant professor of music

education at the Eastman School of Music
where he teaches music education and string
pedagogy as well as coordinating string
partnerships between urban schools and
Eastman students. He conducts two youth
orchestras for the Hochstein School where
he also directs the String Jam camp where
students explore diverse music of artists from
the Rochester area. An active violinist, guest conductor, and
clinician, Fetter has conducted the Rochester Philharmonic
Orchestra and performs with the New Hampshire Music Festival.
He holds degrees from the University of Northern Iowa and the
Eastman School of Music.
Robert Gardner
Robert Gardner is an assistant professor of music education at the
Penn State University School of Music. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in music education and specializes in
strings and orchestra. He previously taught strings and orchestra
in grades 6 through 12 in Ohio and New York (11 years). He is a
composer, conductor, and bassist (double bass and electric), and
has taught various genres of music with string players, including
blues, jazz, rock and folk music. He has also worked with adults
in the New Horizons program and other similar workshops.
Beth Gilbert
Beth Gilbert has taught strings in North

Carolina, Maryland and Arizona. She
received her master of music degree from the
University of Arizona in 1981. Active in
ASTA, she has served in numerous positions
including Arizona ASTA president and
member-at-large on ASTAs national board.
Gilbert presently serves on the board of
directors for the Metropolitan Youth
Symphony in Arizona and on MENCs Orchestral Music
Education Council.
Joshua Russell
Joshua Russell teaches courses in music

education, string pedagogy, and conducting at
the Hartt School of the University of Hartford
where he also directs the Hartt String Project.
In addition to serving on the editorial review
boards of the Music Educators Journal and
Advances in Music Education Research, he has
contributed to a number of national and
international research and practical journals and
has presented papers nationally and internationally. Joshua earned his
Ph.D. from the University of Colorado, the master of music degree
from Northwestern University, and undergraduate degrees in music
education and composition from Shepherd University.

membership directory
(current members as of June 30, 2011)
On the following pages, you will find the annual printed String Industry Council directory. Companies are categorized by the products
and services they provide. Visit individual company websites for additional information. More in-depth company profiles are available
year-round in the searchable online version of this directory at www.astaweb.com.
Any time you are in need of products and services, refer to these pages or visit our online directory. Many council members offer
special discounts for ASTA members. Please support the companies that are actively supporting you!
Associations (A)
Carnegie Hall
212/903-0770
carnegiehall.org
Consortium Violinmakers
Antonio Stradivari Cremona
+39-0372-463503
www.cremonaviolins.com
The Midwest Clinic
847/424-4163
www.midwestclinic.org
Truman State University
Music Department
660/785-4417
music.truman.edu
Accessories (ACC)
A Cavallo Violins, LLC.
402/827-9270
www.acavalloviolins.com
Arcos Brasil
480/967-5227
www.arcosbrasil.com
Ashokan Fiddle & Dance Camps
845/246-2121
www.ashokan.org
Brobst Violin Shop
703/256-0566
www.brobstviolins.com
Concord International
Group, Inc.
847/836-8688
www.concordgroup.com
Dixon Strings, Inc.
773/989-2404
www.dixonstrings.com
Fein Stringed Instruments
651/228-0783
www.FineViolins.com
661/269-1112
www.fiddlesticksinternational.com
George Robinson Violins
806/792-9752
www.robinsonviolins.com
Kenneth Warren & Son, Ltd

312/427-7475
www.kennethwarrenandson.com
Tonareli Music Supply

www.tonareli.com
770/338-0939
Musicians Friend Inc.

800/391-8762
www.musiciansfriend.com
The Violin Case, LLC

425/829-4945
www.violingifts.com
Noteable Inc.
405/514-3933
www.basscoversetc.com
VioStrap/Viomark LLC
813/926-6728
www.viostrap.com
Rainbow Tape
516/676-1211
RainbowTape.info
Yamaha Corporation
of America
714/522-9011
www.yamaha.com/strings
RentMYinstrument.com RMI LLC

816/289-7466
www.rentmyinstrument.com
Henry Bischofberger Violins, LLC

425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com
Pasewicz String Instruments, Inc.

919/858-0429
www.trianglestrings.com;
www.netrehair.com
Huthmaker Violins
800/572-1019
www.huthmakerviolins.com

800/317-9452
www.pottersviolins.com
Johnson String Instrument

617/964-0954
www.Johnsonstring.com
Sam Ash Music Corporation

888/615-5904
www.samashmusic.com
KCNC Production
and Design, LLC.
913/912-1083
www.kcncproduction.com
The String House

585/442-9272
www.TheStringHouse.com
Bows (BOWS)
A. Cavallo Violins, LLC.
402/827-9270
513/679-7747
www.amatis.us
Arcos Brasil
480/967-5227
www.arcosbrasil.com
Bernhardt House of Violins
864/282-8887
www.bernhardtviolins.com
Brobst Violin Shop
703/256-0566
2011 council
Century Strings, Inc.
909/548-0845
www.centurystrings.com
Huthmaker Violins
800/572-1019
Otto Musica
267/684-6565
www.ottomusica.com
Violin Outlet
702/733-3028
www.violinoutlet.com
Charles W. Liu Fine Violins/

Stradivarius International
Violin Competition
801/255-9636
www.finestringinstruments.com
Ifshin Violins
510/843-5466
www.ifshinviolins.com

919/858-0429
www.trianglestrings.com
www.netrehair.com
William Harris Lee & Co.

312/786-9615
www.whlee.com

612/375-0708
www.givensviolins.com
CodaBow International Ltd
507/454-1509
www.codabow.com
David Gage String
Instrument Repair
212/274-1322
www.davidgage.com
Dixon Strings, Inc.
773/989-2404
Eastman Strings
240/686-2050
www.eastmanstrings.com
919/806-3311
www.electricviolinshop.com
Fegleys Violin Shop
610/779-0665
www.fegleyviolin.com
651/228-0783
www.FineViolins.com
661/269-1112
806/792-9752
Glasser Bows, Inc.
718/994-1613
www.glasserbows.com
Jim Starkey Music Center, Inc.

316/262-2351
www.jimstarkeymusic.com
John Montgomery, Inc.
919/821-4459
www.montgomeryviolins.com
617/964-0954
Kelin Violin Shop
972/964-8666
www.kelinviolin.com
312/427-7475
kennethwarrenandson.com
314/727-4512
www.knilling.com
LA Strings, LLC
801/226-1760
[email protected]
Lemur Music
949/493-8323
www.lemurmusic.com
Lisle Violin Shop
800/545-4753
www.violins.com
Menchey Music Service, Inc.
717/637-2185
www.menchey.com
Mercury Fine Violins, Ltd.
804/553-7995
www.mercuryfineviolins.com
Metropolitan Music Co.
802/253-4814
www.metmusic.com
Gliga Violins, USA/

The Violin Place, Inc.
626/578-0442
www.violinslover.com
Metzler Violin Shop, Inc.

818/246-0278
www.metzlerviolins.com

425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com
Oliver Musica USA, Inc.

714/632-5959
www.everestshoulderrest.com
Peter Prier & Sons Violins

801/364-3651
www.prierviolins.com
Rapkievian Fine Violins
301/461-0690
www.FineViolinsbyDavid.com
R.L. Ray Violin Shop LLC
360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com
Williamson Music Company

972/633-8203
www.williamsonmusicco.com
714/522-9011
Instrument and
Accessory Manufacturer/
Wholesaler (IAMW)
Robert Ames LLC

201/461-1020
www.tourte.com

402/827-9270
Robertson & Sons

Violin Shop, Inc.
505/889-2999
www.robertsonviolins.com
Arcos Brasil
480/967-5227
www.arcosbrasil.com
Rufino Violins
917/930-4153
www.rufinoviolins.com
650/588-5558
www.sagamusic.com
Sams Strings, LLC
888/673-8538
www.samsstrings.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
800/317-9452
The String House
585/442-9272
The String Centre: a Division
of Woodwind and Brasswind
574/251-3500
www.thestringcentre.com
Thomastik-Infeld/Connolly
Music Company, Inc.
631/757-0110
www.connollymusic.com

845/246-2121
www.ashokan.org
909/548-0845
Violin Competition
801/255-9636
507/454-1509
www.codabow.com
Conn-Selmer, Inc.
574/522-1675
www.conn-selmer.com
DAddario & Co., Inc.
631/439-3300
www.daddario.com
Dixon Strings, Inc.
773/989-2404
DOGAL DI CELLA & C. SNC
+ 39-041 5388281
www.dogalstrings.it

505/292-9614
[email protected]
Lemur Music
949/493-8323
www.lemurmusic.com
The Enterprising Rabbit

866/876-3123
www.enterprisingrabbit.com
Eastman Strings
240/686-2050

802/253-4814
www.metmusic.com

973/324-9449
www.things4strings.com
661/269-1112

714/632-5959
THOMASTIK-INFELD
+4315451262
www.thomastik-infeld.com
G. Edward Lutherie, Inc.

800/741-3045
www.acousticelectricstrings.com
Otto Musica
267/684-6565
www.ottomusica.com
Tonareli Music Supply

770/338-0939
[email protected]
Gibson Musical Instruments

615/871-4500
www.gibson.com

801/364-3651

714/522-9011
Gliga Violins, USA/

626/578-0442
Pirastro GmbH
49-69-840090-0
www.pirastro.com
Happynex
401/396-5557
www.happynex.com
425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com
Howard Core Company LLC
800/633-2302
www.howardcore.com
617/964-0954
KCNC Production and
Design, LLC.
913/912-1083
www.kcncproduction.com
314/727-4512
www.knilling.com
Kun Shoulder Rest, Inc.
613/232-1861
www.kunrest.com
Larsen Strings A/S
c/o Glasser Bows
+45-75-43-17-60
www.larsenstrings.com
Instrument, Accessory
and Music Sales (IAMS)

360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com

402/827-9270

650/588-5558
www.sagamusic.com

513/679-7747
www.amatis.us
Sams Strings, LLC

888/673-8538
www.samsstrings.com
A&S Crafted Products

267/626-6123
www.bandstorage.com

734/665-3978
www.sharmusic.com

864/282-8887
Snow Stringed Instruments, Inc.

718/353-7402
www.snowviolin.com
Carriage House Violins

617/262-0051
carriagehouseviolins.com
Sofia Violins
317/264-0444
www.sofia-violins.com

Violin Competition
801/255-9636
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
Stentor Music Co Ltd.
44-1737-240226
www.stentor-music.com
Super-Sensitive
Musical String Co.
941/371-0016 ext. 2219
www.supersensitive.com

612/375-0708
Concord International
Group, Inc.
847/836-8688
www.concordgroup.com
David Gage String

Instrument Repair
212/274-1322
www.davidgage.com
505/292-9614
[email protected]
919/806-3311
Fegleys Violin Shop
610/779-0665
661/269-1112
800/741-3045
Gliga Violins, USA/
626/578-0442
Ifshin Violins
510/843-5466
316/262-2351
919/821-4459
617/964-0954
Karites Strings (Charites
Strings, Inc.)
678/389-6648
[email protected]
K C Strings Inc
913/677-0400
www.kcstrings.com
Kelin Violin Shop
972/964-8666
www.kelinviolin.com
2011 council
KMC Music
860/509-8888
www.KMCMusic.com;
www.BeckerInstruments.com
314/727-4512
www.knilling.com
LA Strings, LLC
801/226-1760
[email protected]
Lemur Music
949/493-8323
www.lemurmusic.com
Lisle Violin Shop
800/545-4753
www.violins.com
MakeMusic, Inc.
952/937-9611
www.makemusic.com
717/637-2185
www.menchey.com
804/553-7995
802/253-4814
www.metmusic.com
818/246-0278
Music & Arts Center
301/620-2053
www.musicarts.com
NS Design
207/563-7705
www.thinkNS.com
714/632-5959
919/858-0429
www.trianglestrings.com;
www.netrehair.com
801/364-3651
Peter Zaret & Sons Violins, Inc.

888/846-5462
www.zaretandsonsviolins.com

312/786-9615
www.whlee.com
Fegleys Violin Shop

610/779-0665

360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com

972/633-8203
Wood Violins
516/767-6677
www.woodviolins.com

651/228-0783
www.FineViolins.com
Rolland String Research

Associates
480/969-9744
www.paulrolland.net; www.
peterrolland.com
Sam Ash Music Corporation
888/615-5904
www.samashmusic.com
734/665-3978
www.sharmusic.com
Sheet Music Plus
510/420-7152
www.sheetmusicplus.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
Strings Music and More LLC.
480/200-4025
www.stringsmusicandmore.com
866/876-3123
800/317-9452
574/251-3500
Instrument Maker/
Dealer (IMD)
402/827-9270
Arcos Brasil
480/967-5227
www.arcosbrasil.com
864/282-8887
www.bernhardtviolins.com.
Brobst Violin Shop
703/256-0566
www.brobstviolins.com.
Violin Competition
801/255-9636

800/741-3045
806/792-9752
Gibson Musical Instruments
615/871-4500
www.gibson.com
Gliga Violins, USA/
626/578-0442
425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com
Huthmaker Violins
800/572-1019

612/375-0708
Ifshin Violins
510/843-5466
Clemens Violins, Violas

& Violoncellos
314/727-4787
www.clemensviolins.com

919/821-4459

973/324-9449
www.things4strings.com
+39-0372-463503
Music Company, Inc.
631/757-0110
Dixon Strings, Inc.

773/989-2404
Violin Outlet
702/733-3028
661/269-1112

919/806-3311

617/964-0954
K C Strings Inc.
913/677-0400
www.kcstrings.com
Karites Strings
(Charites Strings, Inc.)
678/389-6648
[email protected]
Kelin Violin Shop
972/964-8666
www.kelinviolin.com

312/427-7475
Sams Strings, LLC

888/673-8538
www.samsstrings.com
Lemur Music
949/493-8323
www.lemurmusic.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
Lisle Violin Shop

800/545-4753
www.violins.com

800/317-9452
Lyon & Healy West

801/355-2686
www.harp.com

574/251-3500

717/637-2185
www.menchey.com
804/553-7995
818/246-0278
714/632-5959
919/858-0429
www.netrehair.com
801/364-3651
360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com
301/461-0690
Robertson & Sons
Violin Shop, Inc.
505/889-2999
Rozannas Violins
877/464-5927
[email protected]
The String House

585/442-9272
312/786-9615
www.whlee.com
972/633-8203
Wood Violins
516/767-6677
www.woodviolins.com
Instrument Repair (IR)

Violin Competition
801/255-9636
612/375-0708
Clemens Violins, Violas
& Violoncellos
314/727-4787
www.clemensviolins.com

312/427-7475
Lisle Violin Shop
800/545-4753
www.violins.com
717/637-2185
www.menchey.com

919/806-3311

804/553-7995
Fegleys Violin Shop

610/779-0665

818/246-0278

651/228-0783
www.FineViolins.com
Music & Arts Center

301/620-2053
www.musicarts.com

806/792-9752

919/858-0429
www.netrehair.com

425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com

513/679-7747
www.amatis.us
Huthmaker Violins
800/572-1019

864/282-8887
Ifshin Violins
510/843-5466
Brobst Violin Shop

703/256-0566

316/262-2351

909/548-0845

919/821-4459
Kelin Violin Shop

972/964-8666
www.kelinviolin.com
David Gage String

Instrument Repair
212/274-1322
www.davidgage.com

402/827-9270
Rufino Violins
917/930-4153
K C Strings Inc.
913/677-0400
www.kcstrings.com

617/964-0954

801/364-3651
888/846-5462
301/461-0690
360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com
Robertson & Sons
Violin Shop, Inc.
505/889-2999
2011 council
Associates
480/969-9744
www.paulrolland.net
www.peterrolland.com

909/548-0845
Rufino Violins
917/930-4153

Violin Competition
801/255-9636

734/665-3978
www.sharmusic.com
Fegleys Violin Shop

610/779-0665
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com

651/228-0783
www.FineViolins.com

800/317-9452

806/792-9752

574/251-3500

425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com
The String House

585/442-9272
www.TheStringHouse.com.
Violin Outlet
702/733-3028
312/786-9615
www.whlee.com
972/633-8203
Huthmaker Violins
800/572-1019
316/262-2351
617/964-0954
Kelin Violin Shop
972/964-8666
www.kelinviolin.com

919/858-0429
www.netrehair.com
888/846-5462
360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com
Associates
480/969-9744
www.paulrolland.net;
Rufino Violins
917/930-4153
734/665-3978
www.sharmusic.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
800/317-9452
The String House
585/442-9272
Violin Outlet
702/733-3028
Lisle Violin Shop

800/545-4753
www.violins.com

www.whlee.com
A Cavallo Violins, LLC

402/827-9270

717/637-2185
www.menchey.com

972/633-8203

513/679-7747
www.amatis.us

804/553-7995
Instrument Rentals (IRE)

864/282-8887
Brobst Violin Shop
703/256-0566

818/246-0278
Music & Arts Center
301/620-2053
www.musicarts.com
Music Festivals (MF)

845/246-2121
www.ashokan.org
Carnegie Hall
212/903-0770
carnegiehall.org

Violin Competition
801/255-9636
Forum Music Festivals
888/763-6786
www.forummusicfestivals.com
Johansen International
Competition for Young
String Players
301/946-9531
www.fmmc.org
Music Celebrations International
480/894-3330
www.musiccelebrations.com
Ottawa Suzuki Strings, Inc.
785/242-0242
www.suzukistrings.org
Round Top Festival Institute
979/249-3129
festivalhill.org
Scor!
877/726-7267
www.stringcamp.com
Music Publisher/
Distributors (MPD)
Alfred Publishing Co., Inc.
818/891-5999
www.alfred.com
845/246-2121
www.ashokan.org
Brenreiter
+ 49 561 3105 173
www.baerenreiter.com
Bert Ligon Music
803/422-4302
music.sc.edu/ea/jazz/jazzstrings/
Boosey & Hawkes
414/774-3630
www.halleonard.com
C. Alan Publications, LLC
336/272-3920
www.c-alanpublications.com
C.F. Peters Corporation

718/416-7800
www.cfpeters-ny.com
Jazz Charts By Joe Hasper

405/627-8976
[email protected]
Canadian Music Centre

416/961-6601
www.musiccentre.ca

316/262-2351
Carl Fischer LLC

212/777-0900
www.carlfischer.com
Kendor Music Inc.

716/492-1254
www.kendormusic.com
+39-0372-463503
Last Resort Music

Publishing, Inc.
818/956-0088
www.lastresortmusic.com
Educational String Publishing

413/624-3474
stringsfunandeasy.com
F Clef Music
404/783-2764
www.fclefmusic.com
661/269-1112
FJH Music Co., Inc.
954/382-6061
www.fjhmusic.com
Frank M. Rodgers Music
757/420-7671
[email protected]
Frederick Harris Music Co.
800/387-4013
www.frederickharrismusic.com
Frustrated Accompanist
920/858-5766
www.frustratedaccompanist.com
G. Henle Verlag
49 89 7 59 82 26
www.henle.com
G.Schirmer, Inc.
414/774-3630
www.halleonard.com
Latham Music - a
Lorenz Company
800/444-1144
www.lorenz.com
Lemur Music
949/493-8323
www.lemurmusic.com
Lucks Music Library
248/583-1820
www.lucksmusic.com
LudwigMasters Publications
www.ludwigmasters.com
Mel Bay Publications, Inc.
636/257-3970
www.melbay.com
MewzkL Publications
410/841-6288
www.mewzkl.com
877/263-5691
www.MonaLisaSound.com
Mountain Crest Music
845/226-1142
www.mountaincrestmusic.com
800/391-8762
Hal Leonard Corporation

414/774-3630
www.halleonard.com
Navarro River Music

707/937-3342
www.NavarroRiverMusic.com
Heiden Music Publications

503/587-7265
heidenmusic.com
Neil A. Kjos Music Company

858/270-9800
www.kjos.com
Reynard Burns Publishing,

Inc./DBA Free Flight Music
631/357-0053
www.freeflightmusic.com
Robertson & Sons
Violin Shop, Inc.
505/889-2999
Associates
480/969-9744
www.paulrolland.net
Semiquaver Music
61707-3122-4493
www.semiquavermusic.com
734/665-3978
www.sharmusic.com
SMHD Publications
303/773-3185
www.smhdmusic.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
String Letter Publishing
415/485-6946
www.stringletter.com
480/200-4025
stringsmusicandmore.com
Tempo Press
248/588-0808
www.tempopress.com
866/876-3123
800/317-9452
Violin Jazz
877/678-5299
www.violinjazz.com
Wilfin Music
+61 7 3341 8086
www.wilfinmusic.com.au
Sheet Music (SM)

864/282-8887
Brobst Violin Shop
703/256-0566
416/961-6601
www.musiccentre.ca
718/416-7800
www.cfpeters-ny.com
F Clef Music
404/783-2764
www.fclefmusic.com
806/792-9752
G.Schirmer, Inc.
414/774-3630
www.halleonard.com
Heiden Music Publications
503/587-7265
heidenmusic.com
316/262-2351
617/964-0954
Twofold Media
+613 9878 0716
www.twofold.com.au
Latham Music - a
Lorenz Company
800/444-1144
www.lorenz.com
Valley Song Press

208/462-3756
[email protected]
Lucks Music Library

248/583-1820
www.lucksmusic.com
2011 council
717/637-2185
www.menchey.com

416/961-6601
www.musiccentre.ca
Arcos Brasil
480/967-5227
www.arcosbrasil.com
Fegleys Violin Shop

610/779-0665

818/246-0278

718/416-7800
www.cfpeters-ny.com

864/282-8887

651/228-0783
www.FineViolins.com

877/263-5691

612/375-0708
Brobst Violin Shop

703/256-0566
FJH Music Co., Inc.

954/382-6061
www.fjhmusic.com

800/391-8762
FJH Music Co., Inc.

954/382-6061
www.fjhmusic.com

416/961-6601
www.musiccentre.ca
661/269-1112
Navarro River Music

707/937-3342
661/269-1112

909/548-0845

806/792-9752

631/357-0053
Otto Musica
267/684-6565
www.ottomusica.com

718/416-7800
www.cfpeters-ny.com
Glasser Bows, Inc.

718/994-1613
www.glasserbows.com
Private Music Studio

Guide Books
856/795-4285
www.privatemusicstudio.com

Violin Competition
801/255-9636
Gliga Violins, USA/

626/578-0442

734/665-3978
www.sharmusic.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com
Stantons Sheet Music, Inc.
614/224-4257
www.stantons.com
Tempo Press
248/588-0808
www.tempopress.com
800/317-9452
Wilfin Music
+61 7 3341 8086
www.wilfinmusic.com.au
972/633-8203
Other Publisher (OP)

818/891-5999
www.alfred.com

Associates
480/969-9744
www.paulrolland.net; www.
peterrolland.com
415/485-6946
Violinist.com
626/376-2755
www.violinist.com
Other (O)
A Cavallo Violins, LLC
402/827-9270
818/891-5999
www.alfred.com
513/679-7747
www.amatis.us

612/375-0708
507/454-1509
www.codabow.com
Creative Imperatives
201/947-3923
www.creativeimperatives.com
David Gage String
Instrument Repair
212/274-1322
www.davidgage.com
Dixon Strings, Inc.
773/989-2404

425/822-0717
www.hkbviolins.com
Huthmaker Violins
800/572-1019
Ifshin Violins
510/843-5466
316/262-2351
919/821-4459
Eastman Strings
240/686-2050
Johansen International
Competition for Young
String Players
301/946-9531
www.fmmc.org

919/806-3311

617/964-0954
Kelin Violin Shop

972/964-8666
www.kelinviolin.com
Ottawa Suzuki Strings, Inc.

785/242-0242
www.suzukistrings.org

650/588-5558
www.sagamusic.com

312/427-7475
www.kennethwarrenandson.com
Otto Musica
267/684-6565
www.ottomusica.com
Sams Strings, LLC

888/673-8538
www.samsstrings.com

314/727-4512
www.knilling.com

919/858-0429
www.netrehair.com
Scor!
877/726-7267
www.stringcamp.com
Last Resort Music

Publishing, Inc.
818/956-0088
www.lastresortmusic.com
Lemur Music
949/493-8323
www.lemurmusic.com
Lisle Violin Shop
800/545-4753
www.violins.com
MakeMusic, Inc.
952/937-9611
www.makemusic.com
717/637-2185
www.menchey.com
804/553-7995
Merz-Huber Company
610/544-2323
www.merzhuber.com
802/253-4814
www.metmusic.com
818/246-0278
877/263-5691
Navarro River Music
707/937-3342

801/364-3651
Private Music Studio
Guide Books
856/795-4285
privatemusicstudio.com
301/461-0690
RentMYinstrument.com RMI LLC
816/289-7466
www.rentmyinstrument.com
631/357-0053
360/570-1085
rlrayviolinshop.com
Robert Ames LLC
201/461-1020
www.tourte.com
Robertson & Sons
Violin Shop, Inc.
505/889-2999
Associates
480/969-9744
www.paulrolland.net
Rufino Violins
917/930-4153

714/632-5959
Truman State University

Music Department
660/785-4417
music.truman.edu
Violinist.com
626/376-2755
www.violinist.com
Violin Outlet
702/733-3028
Soundwaves Recording
419/433-4918
www.soundwaves.org

www.whlee.com
Southwest Strings
520/624-9390
www.swstrings.com

972/633-8203

415/485-6946

714/522-9011

480/200-4025
stringsmusicandmore.com
866/876-3123
The Midwest Clinic
847/424-4163
www.midwestclinic.org
800/317-9452
574/251-3500
The String House
585/442-9272
The Violin Case, LLC
425/829-4945
www.violingifts.com
Music Company, Inc.
631/757-0110
About the String

Industry Council
In 1997, the American
String Teachers Association
(ASTA) created the String
Industry Council to foster
collaborative partnerships
between the string industry
and association members. In
the past 12 years, the Council
has grown to include nearly
200 organizations worldwide
representing every major area
of the string industry. Support
from Council members has
played a vital role in the
growth and development
of the string profession and
created dynamic and vibrant
partnerships that support both
the industry and educators.
Council members enjoy a host
of benefits!
CodaBows
COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM
Let it be incumbent upon us all to

encourage the dreams of children.
Jeff Van Fossen, President

The American String Teachers Association (ASTA) and CodaBow International are proud to sponsor
a nationwide initiative to support string teacher programs. Continuing its commitment to teachers
and their students, this initiative donates CodaBows to qualifying teaching programs throughout the
country. Please encourage dreams! Apply today.
Application Deadline:
APRIL 1
Sponsored By: CodaBow International
2012
for A merica
and American String Teachers Association

Notes
In Memoriam:
Former ASTA President
Gerald H. Doty Passes Away
Gerald H. Doty,
101, passed away on
Wednesday, June 8,
2011, from natural
causes. Doty served
as ASTA president
from 1958 to 1962.
Prior to his presidency, he held the
Gerald Doty
office of treasurer
from 1954 to 1957. His illustrious career was filled with
accolades from coworkers, students, friends, and family.

A special birthday party was held in his honor by the
Montana State Chapter of ASTA on October 3, 2009 to
celebrate his 100th birthday. According to Pam Hillygus,
more than 100 players performed the Suzuki tunes that he
loved to teach. (He had students until he was 98.)

His early years were spent in Fort Wayne where he
played in the school orchestras. After graduation, he attended DePauw University and moved to Northwestern
University, where he received a bachelor of music in 1931.
For the next 10 years, he taught in Fort Wayne, Steuben
County, La Porte, Indiana, as well as Louisville, Kentucky.
From 1936 to 1937, he was principal violist with the Louisville Symphony Orchestra. On leaving La Porte in 1941, he
was selected as the director of band music at Indiana University. He received his master of music from Northwestern University in 1936 and his doctor of education from
Indiana University. He remained at Indiana University until
1958, after being elected the president of the American
String Teachers Association.

In the early 1950s, he began visiting Missoula in the
summers, where he taught summer music programs. He
joined the Montana faculty in 1958, and at the same time
became a charter member of the Montana String Quartet.
He retired in 1976 but continued to teach privately for
many years.

Doty was an avid gardener and a green one before it
became popular. His gardens always produced wonderful
vegetables and fruit. Other interests included fishing with
his hand-tied flies, hunting, and lots of world travel. Wine
making was also one of his many hobbies, and according to
his fans, his honey mead was excellent.

Gerald is survived by his widow Betsy Doty; his three
children and numerous grandchildren, great-grandchildren,
and great-great-grandchildren. A memorial service was held
at Holy Spirit Episcopal Church on June 15th.
Lyon & Healy Harps Announces

Award Winners
Lyon & Healy Harps is pleased to
announce the winners of the
Lyon & Healy Awards that took
place at the University of North
Texas, School of Music this past
June: Sarah Nicole Davis of San
Diego, California, Samuel
Karlinski of Atkinson, New
Hampshire, Alexandra Katelyn
Mullins of Matthews, North
Lyon & Healy Award Winners
Carolina and Elizabeth Anne White
of Salt Lake City, Utah. Each received a check from Lyon &
Healy Harps for $2,000, a $500 Lyon & Healy gift certificate,
and a plaque to commemorate their award. During the winners
recital, Antonio Forero, president of Lyon & Healy Harps,
announced the expansion of the prize to also include a joint
recital at Lyon & Healy Hall as part of the 2011-2012 Lyon &
Healy Hall Concert Series.
ASTA MD/DC Chapter Receives

Chester J. Petranek Award
ASTA MD/DC chapter
was selected by Maryland
Classic Youth Orchestras
(MCYO) as the 2011
recipient of the Chester J.
Petranek Award. Established in 1986, this award
Catherine Stewart accepts Petranek Award was initiated by the MCYO
Board of Directors as a
tribute to its founder and
in celebration of 40 years of talented young people creating
music. It is presented each year to an individual or group for
Outstanding Community Service in Enriching the Musical Life
of the Washington Metropolitan Area.

Bill Ford, CEO of MCYO, presented the award during the
spring concert at the Music Center at Strathmore. Catherine
Stewart, ASTA MD/DC chapter president, accepted the award
on behalf of ASTA. Assisting in the ceremony were Dore
Huneven, MD/DC chapter past president; Lynn Fleming,
MD/DC chapter youth orchestra liaison; and Jody Gatwood,
associate professor of violin at CUA. All ASTA members in the
audience were asked to stand and were acknowledged by the
enthusiastic audience.

Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras recognizes ASTA for its
considerable contributions in developing educational standards and opportunities for string teachers and their students,
many who become long-time, stellar members of the orchestra
program. MCYOs reputation as one of the top youth orchestra programs could not
have been achieved without the dedication and commitment to excellence demonstrated by ASTA members. The work of ASTA enables MCYO to meet its own
mission and enriches the community by providing a wealth of talent, musical experiences and performances.
2011 Primrose International Viola

Competition Winner Announced
In early June, 24-year-old Ayane Kozasa of the United States and fellow finalists Elias
Goldstein and Vicki Powell performed with the New Mexico Chamber Orchestra under
the direction of Gabriel Gordon in Keller Hall at the University of New Mexico during
the final round of the Primrose International Viola Competition.

Kozasa appeared overwhelmed by her win as she accepted the award. First prize
includes $5,000, use of a viola made by Spanish master luthier Jardon Rico, a goldmounted Arcos Brasil bow, and select concert appearances in the United States and
Europe.

The second prize was $3,000 and an Arcos Brasil bow. It went to Elias Goldstein
of the United States and Norway. The third prize was $1,000 and an Arcos Brasil bow,
and it went to Vicki Powell of the United States. A special prize for the best performance of Peter Askims composition Inner Voices, commissioned for the competition, was won by first prize winner Ayane Kozasa, as was the Mozart Award for best
chamber music performance. The Bach Prize was awarded to Yi Fei Deng of China
and Wolfram Hauser of Germany. The Primrose Prize for an outstanding performance
of a Primrose transcription was awarded to Bogdan Banu of Romania and Da Kyung
Kwak of South Korea. The Sonata Prize for an outstanding performance of a sonata
was awarded to third prize winner Vicki Powell of the United States.

The triennial Primrose International Viola Competition aims to recognize and
showcase young musicians who have achieved world class excellence through intensive
hard work and unusual talent. Founded in 1979 as the first international competition
solely for violists, William Primrose served as chair of the jury for its inaugural year. The
American Viola Society (AVS), through an endowment, has sponsored the competition
since 1986.
ASTA
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ASTA Student Chapters

Appalachian State University,
Hayes School of Music ASTA
813 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608
President: Melissa Chappell,
[email protected]
Advisor: Nancy E. Bargerstock,
[email protected]
Augustana College, Ljuvliga
Stangar ASTA
Department of Music, 639 38th St.,
Rock Island, IL 61201
President: Rachel Palmer,
[email protected]
Advisor: Janina Ehrlich,
[email protected]
Capital and South Charleston
High Schools
1500 Greenbrier St., Charleston, WV
25311
Advisor: Colleen Tan,
[email protected]
Concordia College ASTA
901 8th St. South, Moorhead, MN
56562-0001
President: Rachel Mertens,
[email protected]
Advisor: Jane Linde Capistran,
[email protected]
Duquesne University ASTA
600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA
15282
President: Lori Carrau,
[email protected]
Advisor: Stephen J Benham,
[email protected]
Eastern Kentucky University
ASTA
101 Foster, EKU 521 Lancaster Ave.,
Richmond, KY 40475
President: William Dudgeon,
[email protected]
Advisor: Jeremy Mulholland,
[email protected]
Elmhurst College ASTA
190 Prospect Ave., Elmhurst, IL
60126
President: Alex Meza,
[email protected]
Advisor: Joanne May,
[email protected]
Florida Gulf Coast University
ASTA
Bower School of Music, Fort
Myers,FL 33965
President: Roland F. Forti,
[email protected]
Advisor: Rod Chesnutt,
[email protected]
Florida State University ASTA
FSU College of Music, Tallahassee,
FL 32306
President: James Mick,
[email protected]
Advisor: Gregory Sauer,
[email protected]
Illinois State University ASTA
ISU Campus Box 5660, Normal, IL
61790
President: Alexandra Anlas,
[email protected]
Advisor: Katherine Lewis,
[email protected]
Indiana University ASTA

IU Music Education Department,
1201 E Third St., Bloomington,
IN 47405
President: Rebecca Colborg,
[email protected]
Advisor: Brenda Brenner,
[email protected]
Old Dominion University ASTA

ODU, DIEHN FPA 203, Norfolk, VA
23529
President: Heather Smith,
[email protected]
Advisor: Lucy Manning,
[email protected]
Indiana University of
Pennsylvania ASTA
Cogswell Hall, Indiana, PA 15705
President: Stacey Burwick,
[email protected]
Advisor: Stanley Chepaitis,
[email protected]
Pennsylvania State University

ASTA
231 Music Building I, University Park,
PA 16802
President: Jinian Compton,
[email protected]
Advisor: Robert Gardner,
[email protected]
Ithaca College ASTA

School of Music, 953 Danby Rd.,
Ithaca, NY 14850
President: Samantha Hecht,
[email protected]
Advisor: Debra Moree,
[email protected]
SUNY Potsdam, Crane School of

Music ASTA
44 Pierre Port Ave, Potsdam, NY
13676-2200
President: Andrew Fund,
[email protected]
Advisor: Jennifer Kessler,
[email protected]
James Madison University ASTA

School of Music, MSC 7301, 880
South Main St., Harrisonburg, VA
22807
President: Anna Kobylski,
[email protected]
Advisor: Robert McCashin,
[email protected]
Kennesaw State University ASTA
1000 Chastain Rd., Kennesaw, GA
30022
President: Danny Bermel,
[email protected]
Advisor: Michael Alexander,
[email protected]
Lawrence University ASTA
711 E. Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911
President: Andrew LaCombe,
[email protected]
Advisor: Kirk D. Moss,
[email protected]
Long Island University, C.W. Post
ASTA
LIU C.W. Post Campus, 720 Northern Blvd., Greenvale, NY 11548
President: Chelsea Winter,
[email protected]
Advisor: Maureen Hynes,
[email protected]
Mansfield University ASTA
Butler Music Center 106,Mansfield,
PA 16933
President: Amanda Faye Trimpey,
trimpeyaf04@mounties.
mansfield.edu
Advisor: Kenneth Sarch,
[email protected]
Michigan State University ASTA
MSU College of Music, 253 Music
Building, East Lansing, MI 488241043
President: Christina Steyer,
[email protected]
Advisor: Judy Palac, [email protected]
Montclair State University ASTA
1 Normal Ave., Montclair, NJ 07043
President: Elaine Wisniewski,
[email protected]
Advisor: Fran Rowell,
[email protected]
Texas State University-San Marcos ASTA

School of Music, 601 University Dr.,
San Marcos, TX 78666
President: Ruben Balboa, III,
[email protected]
Advisor: Ames Abel,
[email protected]
University of Colorado ASTA
College of Music, 301 UCB, Boulder,
CO 80309
President: Monica Smiley,
[email protected]
Advisor: Margaret Berg,
[email protected]
University of Georgia ASTA
250 River Rd, Athens, GA 30602
President: Katherine Herrin,
[email protected]
Advisor: Clint (Skip) Taylor,
[email protected]
University of Hartford, Hartt
School ASTA
200 Bloomfield Ave, West Hartford,
CT 06117
President: Vivian Doughty,
[email protected]
Advisor: Joshua Russell,
[email protected]
University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign ASTA
1114 W Nevada St, Urbana, IL
61801-3859
President: Jeremy Krifka,
[email protected]
Advisor: Louis Bergonzi,
[email protected]
University of Iowa ASTA
School of Music, 2700 University
Capitol Centre, Iowa City, IA
52317
President: Colleen Ferguson,
[email protected]
Advisor: Scott Conklin,
[email protected]
University of Louisville ASTA

School of Music, Louisville, KY 40292
President: Gabrielle Boguslaw,
[email protected]
Advisor: Sidney King,
[email protected]
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
ASTA
232 Westbrook Music Building,
Lincoln, NE 68588-0100
President: Marissa Carlson,
[email protected]
Advisor: David Neely,
[email protected]
University of North CarolinaGreensboro, Gate City ASTA
School of Music, 100 McIver St.,
Greensboro, NC 27402
President: Peggy Marshall,
[email protected]
Advisor: Scott Wyatt Rawls,
[email protected]
University of Northern Colorado
ASTA
School of Music, Frasier Hall 108,
Greeley, CO 80639
President: Melissa Barru,
[email protected]
Advisor: William H. Hinkie, III,
[email protected]
University of Texas at El Paso,
Sun City ASTA
Fox Fine Arts Center, Room M301, El
Paso, TX 79968
President: Sandra Herrera,
[email protected]
Advisor: Stephanie Meyers,
[email protected]
University of WisconsinWhitewater Collegiate ASTA
800 W Main St., Whitewater, WI
53190-1705
President: Deanne Carloni,
[email protected]
Advisor: Benjamin Whitcomb,
[email protected]
VanderCook College of Music
ASTA
3140 S Federal St., Chicago, IL
60616
President: Devon Reedy,
[email protected]
Advisor: David F. Eccles,
[email protected]
Western Michigan University
ASTA
1903 W Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo,
MI 49008
President: Angelica Kalasz,
[email protected]
Advisor: Bruce Uchimura,
[email protected]
West Virginia University ASTA
College of Creative Arts, P.O. Box
6111, Morgantown, WV 265066111
President: Aryelle Delgado,
[email protected]
Advisor: Mikylah Myers McTeer,
[email protected]
Volunteer Leadership Directory

State Presidents
As with the National Board, the following state chapter presidents have been elected to serve a two-year term (20102012).
Alabama
Chip Gulbro, w (256) 503-0507, h (256) 489-6860,
[email protected], 5211 Panorama Drive, Huntsville,
AL, 35801
Maine
Rebecca A. Edmondson, w (207) 288-3631 x1050, h
(207) 244-7193, [email protected], 9 Echol Pines
Rd, Mount Desert, ME, 04660-6500
Oklahoma
Laura Talbott, w (405) 744-3025, h (405) 372-5872,
[email protected], 1523 N. Glenwood Dr. ,
Stillwater, OK, 74075
Alaska
Gail N Johansen, , h (907) 479-4327, akgailjohansen@
gmail.com, 1887 Arctic Loon Cir, Fairbanks, AK, 99709-6639
Maryland/D.C.
Catherine Stewart, w (301) 260-0858, h (301) 260-0858,
[email protected], 17500 Princess Anne Dr.,
Olney, MD, 20832
Oregon
Denise Fujikawa, w (503) 267-9585, h (503) 236-5603,
[email protected], 1214 NE 37th Ave, Portland,
OR, 97232-1976
Massachusetts
Margot Buescher Reavey, , h (617) 823-0433, margot.
[email protected], 29 Channing Rd, Watertown, MA,
02472-3336
Pennsylvania/Delaware
Kathleen W. Yeater, , h (717) 792-3127, bobkathyyeater@
comcast.net, 4032 Robin Hood Dr, York, PA, 17408
Michigan
Larry E. Dittmar, , h (734) 662-8811, [email protected], 3456 Gettysburg, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105-1541
Rhode Island
Pamela Lowell, w (401) 270-8010, h (401) 368-9121,
[email protected], 67 Mocassin Dr., Warwick, RI, 02889
Minnesota
Deborah Sittko, w (651) 621-6855, h (651) 224-1909,
[email protected], 746 Marshall Ave, Saint Paul, MN,
55104-6648
South Carolina
Theresa Jenkins-Russ, w (703) 228-6219, h (864) 5290967, [email protected], 294 Heathwood Dr., Spartanburg, SC, 29307-3737
Mississippi
Stephanie Maisel, w (601) 941-0687, h (601) 605-1805,
[email protected], 201 Lisa Circle, Madison, MS,
39110-9292
South Dakota
Robert Vodnoy, w (605) 626-2519, h (602) 626-0596,
[email protected], 815 South State Street,
Apt. 18, Aberdeen, SD, 57401-6248
Arizona
Shelley Rich, , h (928) 523-3731, [email protected],
3714 Paradise Rd., Flagstaff, AZ, 86004
Arkansas
Barbara Reeve, w (870) 793-9878, h (870) 698-0417,
[email protected], 850 Hill St., Batesville, AR,
72501-3336
California
Bongshin Ko, w (714) 278-3265, h (310) 289-1111,
[email protected], PO Box 17699, Beverly Hills, CA,
90209-3699
Colorado
Kim Watkins, w (303) 898-6295, h (303) 660-9353,
[email protected], 5570 N Strawberry Ln., Castle Rock, CO,
80108-9355
Connecticut
Christopher Jones, h (860) 208-9610, chrisjones@
ariosoensemble.com, 113 Huntington Ave, East Haven, CT,
06512
Florida
Melissa Lesniak, w (305) 267-3002, h (305) 282-8064,
[email protected], 7716 SW 56 Ave. Unit #1,
Miami, FL, 33143
Missouri
Steve Patton, w (636) 861-7700, h (636) 527-2164,
[email protected], 322 Oakleigh Woods
Drive, Ballwin, MO, 63011-3445
Montana
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Advocacy Committee
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2010-16
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ASTA Past Presidents

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John R. Bright 1977-1979
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Showcase
Violinists Can Rock...But
Their Instruments Wont
Roll! New Violin Holder Keeps
Instruments Secure
Violinists have been clamoring for
a holder thats got all the best
attributes of the best-selling Konig
& Meyer guitar models but is
specially designed for them. This is
perfect for todays violinist, who
often moves from the orchestra
chair into the action of the pop
music scene. Whether its on stage,
at a music school or at home, this
new holder keeps the instrument handy while keeping it securely
in place on a microphone or instrument stand.

The holder has protective rubber pads that can be mounted
on all tubes with a maximum diameter of (30mm) using a prismatic connector (included.) The violin is clasped at the curved
end of the peg box to prevent accidental movement of the pegs.
Like the popular guitar model, it is securely held and its virtually
impossible for it to fall from the holder.

Additional protection for the violin includes a specially
flocked cover and Velcro strap. Protects the finish and prevents
damage from bumps or knocks. It comes with a handy integrated
bow holder on the side.

For more information, contact Connolly Music Company at
Two Essential Titles for Your

Library from Encore Music
Publishers
Encore Music Publishers
announces two essential titles for
your library. The first one is
Pome by Chausson. This violin
edition is based on Stephen
Shipps work with Josef Gingold
and on 30 years of Shipps
experience teaching this violin
repertoire.

This new piano reduction by Allison Gagnon is an effective,
playable and accurate piano arrangement of the orchestral score
for Chaussons Pome.

Another title that is highly recommended is Superior Bowing Technique by Lucien Capet. It is the definitive treatise on all
aspects of bowing technique for the violin. Written by Lucien
Capet, translated from French to English by Margaret Schmidt
and edited by Stephen Shipps, the book is 187 pages in length.

Lucien Capets concepts of bowing technique are completely
revealed in this comprehensive volume. Along with the instructive
text he has included exercises, studies and excerpts from the standard repertoire to clearly demonstrate the acquisition of Superior
Bowing Technique. For more information, please go to
www.encoremupub.com.
Carl Fischer Music Announces

Interactive PDFs for New
String Orchestra Music
Forget snail-mail this year! Carl Fischer Music has packed all the
punch of our 2011 Orchestra Promo CDs into one media-rich,
interactive PDF, available at the click of a mouse. View onscreen
PDFs, listen to full-length MP3s, and read descriptions of each
new piece for string orchestra. By going green and getting the
word out at the same time, Carl Fischer Music is leading the
industry in taking this natural next step in the evolution of
orchestra music promotion. This PDF works best when it is saved
to the PC desktop and studied independently, rather than within
a browser window. And if a print copy or CD is desired, directors
can print the whole PDF and download the MP3s in a .ZIP file
to burn as many as they like. Visit www.carlfischer.com
Mona Lisa Sound Adds New

Titles to Its Repertoire
Mona Lisa Sound continues to add to
its classic rock repertoire for strings.
New titles include:
Take me to the River (SQ $29.95,
SQ with DB $39.95) inspired
by the Annie Lennox/Eurythmics
version of the classic Al Green blues
song;
Canned Heat (SQ $29.95, SQ
with DB $34.95) this tune is the
dance finale from the iconic movie
Napoleon Dynamite and has become a phenomenon on YouTube;
Beautiful Life (SQ $29.95, SQ with DB $39.95) from
Ace of Base, this infectious tune will not leave your head; and
from one of the great rock bands of the 70s;
Id Love to Change the World (SQ $29.95, SQ with DB
$39.95) Alvin Lee and Ten Years After, their biggest hit.

All of this repertoire is available as medium (8,8,5,5,4) and large
(10,10,8,8,6) ensembles and cello quartets. You can order online
at www.MonaLisaSound.com. They are arranged by John Reed,
principal arranger and cellist with The Hampton (Rock) String
QuartetTM. Reed recently completed his 100th arrangement for
Mona Lisa Sound.
Theodore Presser Company

Releases Chorale from Stella
Sungs Partita for Orchestra
Theodore Presser Company has
published Chorale (116-40041 Score
and Parts $40.00), the poignant
strings-only movement from Stella
Sungs Partita for Orchestra (available
on rental from Theodore Presser
Company). This work uses rich divisi
and uncomplicated motion to create a
world that is sophisticated for professionals yet approachable by student
ensembles.

Offering music by todays greatest composers and teachers,
Theodore Presser Company is the leader in publishing educational
and recital music. For more information about new publications
from Theodore Presser Company or to locate a dealer near you, log
on to www.presser.com or e-mail us at [email protected].
The Hampton (Rock) String

QuartetTM and WACBIZ Partner
to Provide the Best in String
Classic Rock and Music
Licensing
WACBIZ, the industry innovator in independent music licensing,
and The Hampton (Rock) String QuartetTM (HSQ) have teamed
up to provide the best in classic rock string recordings for licensing
in film, television, and advertising.
WACBIZ
wide-ranging library of more than 800 cleared music catalogues
and 200 artists
award-winning composers, producers and studios for original
cues and scores for film, television, or advertising projects
presents professionally mastered music from all genres
skilled music supervision, legal clearances, on time and on
budget
The Hampton (Rock) String QuartetTM
Grammy nominated, Juilliard trained, the originators of
classical crossover
classically influenced arrangements of Led Zeppelin, the Stones,
Cream, and more
licensed recordings on many television stations from HBO to PBS
more than one million CDs sold in the U.S.
top 10 on Billboards Classical Crossover charts three times
featured and recorded with many of todays top performers
According to company officials at MonaLisa Sound, Partnering
with Wacbiz offers HSQ opportunities to explore ways to promote
rock string music and to engage audiences in all media. For more
information, contact: Wacbiz: [email protected] or HSQ:
[email protected].
Reviews
Class Method, String
Orchestra
Amadeus! from Symphony
No. 25 (Gr. 2.5-3). Mozart, arr. Jamin Hoffman.
Hal Leonard, 2005, $45.
This arrangement takes your

students into the classical
period. Marked Allegro con
brio, it begins with syncopated
rhythms in violins and viola. All
instruments play off the string
eighth notes (brush stroke) and
staccato quarter notes. The
challenging first violin part
requires third position to avoid
string crossings when playing
the sixteenth-note passages,
and the cello part requires
second and third position.
All parts are challenging and
interesting. Written in E minor,
every part has accidentals,
including D-sharp, B-flat, and
C-sharp. Options to simplify
include changing the repeated
sixteenth notes to eighth notes
or eliminating grace notes for
violins. The bowings are well
marked, including double ups
in the violins and staggered
bows in the cello. P.N.
ANDANTE FROM SYMPHONY NO. 4 (Gr. 4). Felix

Mendelssohn, arr. Robert S.
Frost. Kendor, 2010, $48.
The music of Mendelssohn

is delightful to hear, but often
challenging to perform. This
selection, however, is accessible
for developing string orchestras.
Cellos and basses will be
particularly rewarded with their
featured walking bass line. In
all respects this arrangement
follows the original closely,
with the necessary wind parts
carried by upper strings. This
103-measure piece is in 4/4
and D minor. First violins play
to third position and an E
harmonic while seconds and
violas stay in first position.
Celli and basses go to E above
the staff, and celli utilize both
forward and backward extended
positions. All sections of the
orchestra get to play the melody,
with a four-measure solo in all
parts for either one player or
one stand. This is a wonderful
introduction to a Romantic
composition, with the maturity
of expression and control of
tone needed to bring to life the
nuances of this genre. N.C.
Andante from Symphony No. 6 (Pathetique)

(Gr. 2-3). Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, arr. Robert Longfield.
Tchaikovskys works are famous

for their strong emotional
appeal, and this is certainly
one of the most popular. This
Andante, from the works final
movement, is unique because
never before had a major
work ended on a note of such
despair. Longfield captures
the originals texturing of
emotionssorrow leavened
with hope and joy tinged with
misery. This is a wonderful
piece to work on phrasing,
long melodic lines, chromatic
harmonization, and tone quality.
In D, all parts require extended
positions to accommodate the
many chromatic passages. Only
basses shift to third-and-a-half
position. The piece begins
Andante, moves to Moderato assai
(m. 13), returns to the original
tempo (m. 25), and then, after
several more tempo changes,
culminates in morendo. Although
the publisher rates this as Easy
Level, the many accidentals
and long melodic lines make
it at least a Grade 2. This
arrangement is an excellent way
to introduce young players to
one of the most beloved pieces
from the Romantic Era. I.K.
BRAHMS INTERLUDE (from

Rhapsody in B Minor, Op. 76,
No. 1) (Gr. 2+). Johannes
Brahms, arr. Deborah Baker
Monday, Kendor, 2010, $45.
Embedded in Brahms fiery

Rhapsody is a beautiful Andante
interlude, in itself a charming
selection. Simple melodies are
passed among all instruments
and harmonized in parallel
thirds and sixths. An undulating
current in the accompaniment
drives the piece to its dynamic
extremes. The violas and
seconds usually have the melody
together for support. Celli and
basses also have nice moving

lines that are very approachable
for young orchestra players;
all sections except bass get a
moment of melody, but the
interesting bass part will keep
them occupied. This 4/4 piece
centers in G Major, but like
most Brahms, it moves to other
tonalities (F, B-flat, and E-flat)
to create momentum. This is
a wonderful introduction to
lower/backward extensions.
Violins and violas all play in first
position, celli go to a high E,
and basses to third position D.
Dynamics range from pianissimo
to forte, using legato and dtach
bowing. Though note values
are fairly simple, there is a
wonderful syncopated rhythm
pattern between the sections that
moves the piece forward. N.C.
FANTASY ON AMERICAN
SAILING SONGS (Gr.
3-4). Clare Grundman, arr.
Robert Longfield. Boosey
& Hawkes, 2008, $55.
Grundmans treatment of folk

song in symphonic settings has
become an important part of
his musical legacy. Longfield
has scored this Grundman
favorite for strings, providing
a wonderful opportunity
for developing orchestras to
perform music from one of
the most revered writers of
American symphonic music.
This piece has many teaching
tools, and contains wonderful
moving lines that will engage
your students. Following an
opening fanfare, we hear the
tunes, Hornet and Peacock,
Lowlands, What Shall We
Do With The Drunken Sailor,
and Rio Grande. The melodies
get passed to all sections except
basses, though they have some
very nice moving lines. The
introduction and interludes are
in 2/4, and the tunes are in 3/4,
4/4, and 12/8. Tempos range
from Allegro moderato to Cantabile;
Rio Grandes Andante cantabile
is the slowest section. This
arrangement utilizes various
tonalities and modalities. First
violins go to a high D in third
position; basses go to a high D
only three times, while all other
instruments stay in first position.
Bowings include legato, dtach,

and staccato, and first violin
parts have some divisi. N.C.
OF THE FATHERS LOVE

BEGOTTEN (Gr. 3, pno). arr.
Michele Robeson-Howard.
Latham Music, 2009, $30.
This beautiful piece presents

a wonderful opportunity
to feature a pianist in your
group. It can be used either as
a piano quintet, or for a full
string orchestra with piano
solo. This arrangement of the
ancient chant tune opens with a
transparent texture featuring the
strings, with the piano adding
ornamental color. It moves
to a fugal middle section that
begins with strings in eighthnote passages, but gives way
to the piano on quarter-note
rhythms. It ends much as it
began, calmly and sparsely,
making this meditative prelude
especially significant during
the Christmas/winter season.
Rhythms range from eighth to
whole notes, with smooth and
slurred bowings at the beginning
and end, and light, airy leggiero
bowings in the middle section.
Written in G, the time signatures
may be challenging, going back
and forth between 3/4, 4/4,
5/4, and 6/4. First violins and
cellos go into fourth position,
second violins and basses into
third; violas stay in first position
throughout. The piano part
is mostly eighth and quarter
notes, and not too difficult.
All sections have interesting
parts, and each gets moments
to shine. Robeson-Howard
brings this wonderful hymn to
life, making it very accessible
for young players. N.C.
Shenandoah (Gr. 3+,

pno). arr. Bob Krogstad,
Shenandoah features Krogstads

creative melodic treatment,
harmonic freshness, and
masterful orchestration. Sailors
sing this type of work song with
chorus, or sea-shanty, during
long tasks, such as weighing
anchor, hauling ropes, or
docking. Tunes are generally
slow paced and often nostalgic,
sung when sailors are either
preparing to return home or

docking someplace far from
home. The melody, beginning
in D, is constructed as an
expansive arch over a four-line
verse, reaching numerous high
points as it moves towards the
dominant in the third line, which
is a variation of the first. The
repeated notes at the beginning
of the first phrase are mirrored
at the end of each verse. In
Krogstads arrangement, the
violins play the first statement
of the melody, accompanied by
arpeggiated lines in the lower
strings. The second statement
occurs in the violas and cellos,
with the violins echoing the
tune. A solo violin plays the
final statement of the theme
in the new key of E-flat. The
arrangement features long
melodic lines, altered tones,
a wide dynamic range, and
requires that first violins play
in seventh position and cellos
in third. Shenandoah is a lovely
piece perfect for an advanced
middle school orchestra and
is sophisticated enough for
high school strings as well. The
piano part is integral. I.K.
Toccata (Gr. 3-4). Johann

Pachelbel, arr. Lloyd Conley.
With numerous arrangements

of Canon in D, it is refreshing
to have in the repertoire a
different example of Pachelbels
works. Originally composed
for organ in C Major, Conley
transcribed Toccata to D to
make it more accessible for
young string players. This
adaptation is marked Allegro ma
non troppo. First violins require
third position, and cellos play
to third-and-a-half position.
Rhythms include sixteenths,
entrances after eight rests, and
dotted-eighth and sixteenth-note
combinations. Characterized
by the constant pedal point,
Pachelbels toccatas generally do
not have sections of imitative
counterpoint. In fact, unlike
most toccatas from the early and
middle Baroque they are not
organized into distinct sections,
but are more rhapsodic in
nature. The thematic structure
of this toccata is based on

the melody presented in the
first measure. Conley divides
the original two-voice motivic
interplay among all of the string
sections, with the exception of
the bass, which plays the pedal
point. Although the publisher
rates this piece at a Level 3-4,
this reviewer believes it is better
placed at Grade 3, as it is very
accessible for an advanced
middle school ensemble. I.K.
YOUTH DANCE (Xinjiang

Folk Song) (Gr. 3). Traditional, arr. Albert Wang,
Kendor, 2010, $48.
The source material for this

engaging arrangement hails
from the Xinjiang Region in
northwestern China, which is
home to many diverse cultures
and borders Russia, Kazakhstan,
Kirghiziastan, Tajikistan,
Pakistan, Mongolia, India, and
Afghanistan. This arrangement
gracefully combines a traditional
folk song with Asian, Arabic,
Russian, and Middle Eastern
elements from this area,
with classical, Latin, and jazz
characteristics to represent the
beauty of thirty-four different
cultures. Marked Allegro Assai
in 4/4, it is set in E minor
with dynamics ranging from
mf to ff, accents and sforzando.
With wonderfully sonorous
harmonies, all instruments
get parts of the melody. First
violins go to third position,
and also play an E harmonic.
Second violins, violas, and
basses all stay in first position.
The cello part includes lots of
extensions, both forward and
backward, to a high F sharp,
and divides into two parts for
ten measures near the end of
the piece. The lyrics of this
traditional folk song state that if
time passed, it would not come
back; we should cherish every
moment of our youth. N.C.
Violin
The Student Violinists
Guide to Music Theory.
Stephanie Hack Swoveland.
Mel Bay, 2010, $9.99.
This would be a good book

to use to teach young Suzuki
students how to read. It could
more appropriately be titled The
Young Student Violinists Guide to
Reading Music. It is a very good
method for teaching preschool
children to first read rhythms,
then pitches on the staff, using
well known childrens tunes. It
progresses from quarter and
half notes in 4/4 to eighth
notes, dotted quarters with
slurs, and ties in several other
time signatures, including 6/8.
After introducing each rhythm
pattern the notes on the staff
are added in C, D, G, and A.
The students can discover that
the Mystery Melodies include
Mary Had a Little Lamb,
Are You Sleeping and The
Farmer in the Dell. J.F.R.
Cello
The Advancing Cellists
Handbook: A Guide to
Practicing and Playing the
Cello. Benjamin Whitcomb.
AuthorHouse, 2010, $19.95.
Whitcomb, cellist and music

theorist, has earned a national
reputation as a highly-skilled
performer, recording artist,
chamber musician, and
pedagogue. Phyllis Young
introduced this Handbook
as a great time saver with
excellent results. The market
offers many pedagogical
publications, but this one
exceeds most of its counterparts
in its comprehensiveness and
thorough coverage of each
aspect of and tool for practice.
It also integrates intellectual,
psychological, musical and
stylistic points necessary for
the ultimate professional
performance. The complex
material is explained and
structured well. Major topics
include information about
psychology of practicing;
the content of practicing, i.e.
explaining practice techniques
and tools; daily warm-up

routines, while developing a
thorough focus on short and
long-term goals and objectives;
and focus on fingerings, bowing
styles, musical and stylistic
aspects of interpretation. The
concluding chapter, Practical
Application, includes examples
from the standard repertoire
applying the practice techniques
explained in earlier chapters,
providing detailed strategies
to prepare the repertoire
efficiently in terms of musical
considerations. Especially
helpful for a young teacher or
pedagogy class are repertoire
suggestions organized by
different levels of difficulty
and ideas for troubleshooting
the most common technical
problems. Whitcombs
comprehensive bibliography
adds an outstanding resource!
In a world where students and
professionals seemed to have
too little time and too many
distractions, these strategies for
spending practice time more
effectively are especially valuable.
I encourage any cellist to invest
in this extraordinary book,
adding Whitcombs message,
Lets get to work. T.R.S.
Double Bass
Time Pieces for Double
Bass, Vols. 1 & 2. Rodney
Slatford. ABRSM Publishing, 2009, each $15.50.
These two volumes of solos

and duets provide useful
teaching materials, with a
theme of music through the
years. Every composition is
prefaced with its year. Although
Slatford does not provide
criteria for choosing particular
compositions, footnotes
often clarify the nature of the
tune or offer suggestions for
performance. The composers
for the twenty-two pieces
in Volume 1 range from
classical (Couperin, Beethoven,
Schumann) to musicals
(Kern and Hammerstein).
The arrangements are for
beginning level players. Volume
2 is constructed in much the
same manner, with eighteen
pieces, and progresses to more
Reviews
difficult material (intermediate
level, with upper positions).
The piano accompaniment
also advances from easy to
more difficult. R.H.W.
Harp
Modal Musings, Modes
and Music. Joanna Mell.
www.DeepPeaceMusic.
com, 2011, $18.
Modeulations, modes and
disguises for harps of all
sizes. Cindy Kleinstuber
Blevins. www.cindykleinstuber.com, 2010, $26.95.
We are often mystified by

modes. These two new books
can help. Mell began Modal
Musings when playing on her
tiny twenty-two-string harp with
no levers. The first nine pages
present theoretical explanations
of scale degrees, intervals, triads
and the whole- and half-step
patterns of each mode. The rest
of the book features eighteen
original compositions in each
of the seven modes. A page
about each mode explains the
mood, showing the modes
half steps and featured chords.
The compositions are not too
difficult and have descriptive
titles such as Phrygian Reverie,
Mixolydian Lullaby, and
Aeolian Twilight. Chord
symbols are included; no
fingerings are provided.
Blevins Modeulations presents
nine solos for lap harp; seven
are also arranged for larger
harp. In addition to music
written in aeolian, dorian,
locrian and phrygian modes,
one piece uses the Gypsy
Scale; another uses melodic
minor. Blevins arrangements
and compositions are creative
and not difficult to play. The lap
harp and larger harp versions
of Minor Malady could be played
together as a duet; the other
pairs of compositions are in
different keys. Chord symbols
are provided, but no fingerings.
This book featuring exotic
scales is a winner! D.G.V.
Praise, Volume I, Favorite Hymns (lever harp).

RoJean Loucks. www.roharps.com, 2011, $15.
This collection includes ten

familiar hymns, each with
two arrangements. The A
arrangements, featuring placings
and fingerings, are designed
for middle to later beginners.
The B arrangements are
for intermediate players
and include a few helpful
fingerings and placings. Each
arrangement could be used
in any setting where hymns
would be appropriate. Some
arrangements are two pages
long; a few are three pages.
Loucks includes chord symbols
in the A versions but not
the B versions. I am looking
forward to Volume II! D.G.V.
Chamber Music
Background Trios
for Strings, Vols. 1 &
2. Compiled, arr. Deborah
Greenblatt. Greenblat &
Seay, 2008, each $25.
These two volumes of

twenty-four and twenty tunes,
respectively, are generally two- to
four-page trios for violin, viola,
or celli, in any combination.
The diverse collection includes
everything from Beethovens
Six Landlers to Jesse Polka
and the Pig Ankle Rag (Vol.
I). Volume II is a bit more
classical, covering every era.
Tunes in Volume II are a bit
longer than those in Volume I,
and include more third position.
The arrangements are well
balanced and everyone gets
some action. The print is easy
to read and the off-white pages
are thoughtful to eyes. Bowing
and dynamic markings are well
placed. The spiral binding allows
the music to lie flat on a stand.
The page layout avoids page
turns. These books are good for
gigging, and would also be good
pieces for any young trio. J.F.R.
ELEMENTARY CELLO TRIOS

(3 vc, also for 3 vn, 3 va, or
string trio, Gr. 1). Lee Burswold. Latham Music, 2010,
score and parts $16.95.
This collection of Burswolds

original works teaches basic skills
like pizzicato, slurs, and hooked
bowings, all in first position,
and is perfect for first- and
second-year students. Contents
include: Prelude Suite, At
the Park, Circle Dance, The
Rose Garden, The Japanese
Garden, and Autumn. Time
signatures are 3/4 and 4/4, with
one 6/8 piece. All key signatures
are one or two sharps, and
rhythms are confined to eighth,
quarter, dotted quarter (in 6/8),
half, dotted half (in 3/4), and
whole notes. The three parts
are often independent, teaching
the students to hold their own.
Though short (seventeen to
fifty-seven measures), each
song has plenty to work on
for beginning players. Parts are
well laid out, with large print.
This collection is an excellent
addition to a dynamic studio
or school program. N.C.
Fiddle Club fr 3 Violinen. Joachim Teschner.

Heinrichshofen Verlag/Edition Peters, 2010, $17.95.
Teschner wrote this book for

violinists still in the early stages
of lessons who want to play
ensembles with friends. This
twenty-nine easy violin trios
include a delightful mix of
traditional and folk music from
Germany and other countries,
mainstream rock and pop
tunes, tunes in country-western
style, spirituals, rags, and a few
delightful tunes by Teschner
himself. The three-staff system
allows everyone to see all parts.
Staves are well spaced and the
notes are large and easy to read.
Rhythms are mostly eighth to
half notes. This book promises
to provide hours of enjoyable
playing among friends. This
reviewer hopes that there will
be viola and cello editions to
play with the violin book, plus
a performance CD for a single
instrument to play with. J.F.R.
INTERMEDIATE STRING
TRIOS (Gr. 2). Lee Burswold. Latham Music, 2010,
score and parts $18.95.
These seven original trios, for

two violins/cello, violin/viola/
cello, or three violins, violas, or
cellos, are designed to enhance
second- and third-year study.
The second violin and viola
part are identical, and the violin
and viola parts stay entirely in
first position, with some added
chromatic fingerings. The cello
part contains some extensions
and three places that require
the student to play a high E
in fourth position, but all are
well marked and prepared. The
pieces are all based on animal
themes, musically portraying
a Duck, Rabbit, Owl,
Swan, Chipmunk, Fox,
and Mouse. Dynamics in all
pieces range from piano to forte,
with crescendo, decrescendo,
and some accents. Bowings
include dtach, staccato, slurs,
and hooked bowings. Time
signatures are 2/4, 4/4, and 6/8.
Key signatures include zero to
two sharps in major, dorian,
and mixolydian. Note values
range from sixteenth notes to
whole notes. Fingerings are
not included. All three parts
are very interesting with the
melody passed between them.
Much can be learned from this
music, and it can certainly be
used beyond the second or third
year of playing. Burswold is an
accomplished writer, and these
pieces are really quite charming.
All young string students
will enjoy these trios. N.C.
Pigs Can Fly: Easy

Violin Duets (Gr. 3). Aleksey Igudesman. Universal Editions, $21.69.
If you are looking for something

innovative, clever, and worth
your time, this may be your
answer. Igudesman must be
very creative and optimistic
because the collection is full of
happy thoughts. One line of
the duets is always easier than
the other. Perhaps a teacher
or advanced students could
play the harder part. The book
comes with poems, comments,
illustrations, and a CD. Titles

include Lady in Pink, Pig in
the Galaxy, Mad Pig in a Wig,
Let the Piglet Go, Counting
Pigs, and more. Each duet
includes technical challenges.
For example, Lady in Pink
has a relatively easy first violin
part, but the ties over the bar
lines and quarter/half-note
triplets require counting skills;
the second violin part consists
of eighth-note arpeggios. Oink,
Oink! has a first violin part
that will challenge students
bowing skills with repeated
down-bows indicated. Pig
Mails easy second violin part
is written for two open strings
playing whole, half, quarter, and
eighth notes with syncopation.
Most duets are in 3/4 or 4/4;
key signatures are either no
sharps or flats or two sharps.
There are chromatic alterations
in all of the duets, double stops
with one string played open,
eighth- and sixteenth-note
rhythm patterns, and pizzicato
passages. Most pitches can be
played in first position. P.Co.
SILENT NIGHT AND GOD

REST YE MERRY, GENTLEMEN: CHRISTMAS SONGS
FOR STRING QUARTET (Gr.
2-3). arr. Renata Bratt. 2009,
score and parts, $12.99.
FOUR TANGO POSTCARDS
AND TANGO NUEVO:
ORIGINAL TANGOS FOR
STRING QUINTET. Benedikt Brydern. 2010, score
and parts, $22.99. Both
String Letter Publishing.
Celebrate the holiday season
with a fresh look at two
much-loved Christmas carols.
Silent Night is a collection
of wintry night-related tunes
in F major, including snippets
from Mozarts Eine Kliene
Nachtmusik and Borodins
Nocturne. The Baroque/discorock arrangement of God
Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen has
opportunities for improvised
solos for each instrument. The
Baroque section is in E natural
minor and can be harmonized
with or without the raised sixth
and seventh. The disco-rock
section uses the E pentatonic

scale, and ends in a triumphant,
more classical style. Both
arrangements are designed
for intermediate players and
can be played completely in
first position except for a spot
or two in the cello part.
Four Tango Postcards has four
separate movements. Only the
third has a somewhat quiet,
melancholy character. The
others have a Piazzolla-style
snappy, energetic feel. These are
more challenging arrangements
with glissando falls, tricky
syncopated rhythms, double
stops, extensive use of third
position, chromatic scale
passages, glissandos that take the
first violinist to seventh position,
and lots of accidentals. While
the printing is very clear and
readable, the layout does not
facilitate page turns. Brydern, a
violinist himself, was inspired
to write this composition
after working with some great
bandonen players in Los
Angeles who specialized in
contemporary Argentine tango.
Tango Nuevo has a virtuosic
first violin part intended for
an advanced player. The other
parts are also fairly challenging.
Brydern includes a very brief
introduction on the origins
and development of the tango.
Each of these collections
includes detailed performance
suggestions from the arranger
and composer respectively to
help the performers capture the
right style for each piece. G.H.
STRING QUARTET No. 2 (Intimate Letters). Leos Janek,

ed. Leos Faltu, Milos tdro.
Brenreiter rtext, 2010,
score $29.95, parts $37.95.
Revered as one of the greatest

opera composers of the last one
hundred years, Janek produced
a relatively small quantity of
instrumental music. Of these
works this string quartet,
completed in 1928, is recognized
as one of the pinnacles of
the twentieth century quartet
repertoire. The title Intimate
Letters refers to Janeks
relationship with Kamila
Stsslov, a young woman with
whom the seventy-four-year-old,

married composer fell hopelessly
in love. Each movement of this
programmatic work depicts a
specific moment or emotional
aspect of their relationship.
Janek used motivic material
based on inflections of the
Czech language, with rhythmic
modulation, modality and
montage, to create a work
of great poignancy and
introspection. This new
Brenreiter rtext was edited
from four primary sources:
Janeks autograph, a
manuscript copy of the score
made by Jaroslav Kulhnek,
the performing parts used by
the Moravian Quartet for the
premier, and an additional set
of parts dated March 1928.
Misprints have been corrected
and inconsistencies among
different source material are
clearly marked. The score and
parts are beautifully printed
and easy to read. The excellent
and informative preface written
by tedro is in German and
English. This new edition
continues Brenreiters tradition
of excellence and will be of
great value for musicians
interested in twentiethcentury string music. P.Ch.
Stylistic Duets for

Two Violas (also 2
vns, Gr. 4-5). Jeremy Cohen. Violinjazz Publishing,
with CD, 2010, $24.95.
This collection of six duets

for violas or violins would be
a good addition to any string
teachers library. Theres no
better way to teach musical
style than playing duets with
students. Titles and genres
include Cowpersons Lament
(country western); Funky
Hippo (funk); Gotta Go
(contemporary pop); Nah Nah
for Two (classical, Charleston,
fiddle music); Swingin
Thingamajig (jazz, swing).
The CD has two tracks for
each tune, one at performance
speed and the other slower
for practice purposes. Cohen
includes suggestions for each
original composition. Musically,
players will encounter pitches
in first through third positions,

syncopated rhythms, sustained
double stops, accidentals,
triplets, pizzicato, and bent
notes. An example of bowing
challenges is Tango Eight
(Argentine tango), where the
composer directs players to keep
the articulation from the string
(no spiccato). Cohen offers
this advice: This book is not
about playing carefully, its about
going for it. Be fearless about
your music making and dont
be afraid to make mistakeswe
all learn from them. P.Co.
THREE ENGLISH CAROLS

FOR STRING QUARTET.
arr. Larry Shackley. parts
$16.95, score $6.95.
THE JOPLIN ALBUM (vn/
va/vc). arr. Lynne Latham.
parts $22.95, score $8.95.
Both Latham Music, 2010.
English Carols includes three

very attractive arrangements,
each two to three minutes in
length. The first violin part for
Shepherds and Angels (based
on one of the less-familiar
tunes for While Shepherds
Watched Their Flocks by Night
and Angels from the Realms
of Glory) and In the Bleak
Midwinter (set in a style similar
to Meditation from Thas)
requires fifth position in several
places. The viola and cello parts
for In the Bleak Midwinter are
quite active with lots of slurred,
arpeggiated triplets. God Rest
Ye Merry, Gentlemen doesnt
go above third position and is a
clever take-off on The Dance
of the Sugar-Plum Fairy.
The Joplin Album includes
Pineapple Rag, Country Club
Rag, Pleasant Moments,
Paragon Rag, Solace,
The Chrysanthemum, and
Peacherine Rag. Perhaps
other familiar rags will turn up
in Vol. 2. There are challenging
double stops (mostly for
the cello) and, unlike most
ragtime arrangements, the
melody gets passed around
to all players. G.H.
Reviews
Books
FROM SIGHT TO SOUND:
IMPROVISATIONAL GAMES
FOR CLASSICAL MUSICIANS. Nicole M. Brockmann. Indiana University
Press, 2009, $21.95.
Brockmann, Viola Professor

at DePauw University, has
added an important work to
the literature on improvisation.
Her 150-page book helps to
bridge the gap between the
classical perspective of most
string players and the idea of
improvisation, which is usually
couched in terms of jazz. The
work consists mainly of a
number games that musicians
can try either by themselves
or in groups of up to four
people. This format reminds
one of Phyllis Youngs Playing the
String Game. The nineteen-page
introductory chapter provides
an excellent discussion of the
importance of improvisation
for fundamental musicianship
skills. The book includes
two appendices: a review
of some basic music theory
concepts plus a collection of
chord progressions to apply
to various games within the
book. The pages in between
contain the games, divided
into four categories, along with
numerous musical examples to
illustrate Brockmanns points.
The games range in difficulty,
from simple to very challenging.
One example involves having
a quartet set up a ground bass
and then take turns improvising
a melody over it. Brockmann
even explains how to create an
encore piece in the manner of
an improv comedy group by
allowing the audience to choose
a key and meter, and then
improvising a passacaglia over
a ground bass that the group
had decided upon before the
concert. Brockmann addresses
the games foremost to string
players, but explains how players
of other instruments could
adapt each game for themselves.
Despite its title, the book

is primarily about helping
the reader become a better
musician through the use of
improvisational games. Much
like Heinrich Kochs wonderful
treatise on composition (Versuch
einer Anleitung zur Composition,
1782), Brockmann seeks to
de-mystify classical music by
teaching the reader how it is
put together, and how to think
of it from the perspective
of the composer. Many of
the games are really about
acquiring skills related to theory,
ear training, and ensemble
playing. Examples include pitch
matching and call-and-response
type games at different intervals
(involving both singing and
playing). The many games in
this book take little time to
read but considerable time to
apply. Most are open ended,
with lots of suggestions for
continuing a given game with
additional variants of the
readers choosing. As with any
book of this type, the amount
of time, effort, patience, and
persistence invested by the
reader has everything to do
with how much that reader
will benefit from the book.
For musicians who want to
improve by trying the activities
Brockmann suggests, I highly
recommend this work. B.W.
THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO

RUNNING A PRIVATE MUSIC STUDIO. THE COMPLETE
GUIDE TO MAKING MORE
MONEY IN THE PRIVATE
MUSIC STUDIO. THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO RAISING
PARENTS IN THE PRIVATE
MUSIC STUDIO. Mimi Butler.
www.privatemusicstudio.com,
2008 (2nd ed., re-edited by
Angela & Tom Beatty), 2002,
2006, each $31.95, 2-book
set $51, 3-book set $71.
This set is a useful resource

focusing on the business of
running a private music studio.
Running A Private Music Studio is a
step-by-step guide, from creating
a business plan to organizing

recital receptions. Topics
include: studio location, zoning,
marketing, scheduling, billing,
taxes, and insurance. The book
itself is well organized, with
helpful checklists throughout.
Sample letters to parents and
studio policies are provided.
Chapters on recital planning,
mentoring, and fun tips for
motivating students offer helpful
advice, whether you have a
first-year studio or a studio long
in existence. Butler presents
techniques and procedures she
has tested and followed in her
studio, but encourages other
teachers to make adjustments to
fit their own needs. Making More
Money expands on topics covered
in the first book. Chapters
cover details of registration,
policy handbooks, activity fees,
and billing (including e-billing).
Butler presents numerous
money-makingand moneysavingideas. Teachers who
already have an established
studio may find the creative
recital ideas and the suggestions
for organizing your own summer
music camp especially useful.
Raising Parents addresses one of
the greatest challenges private
music teachers may encounter.
Chapters in this book include
communicating effectively,
educating and motivating
parents, making a team-work
contract (student/parent/
teacher), and ideas for dealing
with special situations such as
stage-moms or over-bearing
parents. Butler, who refers
to herself as a collector of
good ideas, includes insight
and experience from dozens
of studio teachers she has
interviewed. These books are
especially valuable for future
private music studio teachers.
And, as a private teacher for over
three decades, I was delighted
to discover useful, creative tips
for re-energizing my studio and
tweaking studio policies. R.S.
NOTECRACKER GUITAR
CHORDS. Hal Leonard, $3.95.
No bigger than a small mobile
phone, Notecracker Guitar
Chords is a perfect pocket-sized
accessory for pupils as well
as a valuable tool for music
teachers. This packet has 140
swivel-linked flashcards that
fan out to reveal every possible
chord playable on the guitar,
along with the guitar tablature,
the standard notation, and the
spelling of the chord. I use mine
daily in the guitar classroom as
students ask for various chords,
or as a reminder of chord
shapes or spelling for myself.
Other Notecracker packs are also
available for Music Theory,
Music Trivia, and Jokes and
Quotes. These powerful tools
are a great price as well. N.C.
Reviewers Wanted
We are looking for
volunteers to review
books, music, DVDs,
CDs, and software for
this section of AST. If
you interested and
like to write, please
contact Marg Schmidt at
Margaret.Schmidt@asu.
edu. You will be given
appropriate credit, and
we will include your bio
when review is published.
You may also keep the
product. According to
ASTs last survey, the
Review section is well
read as it provides
members with a critique
before purchasing a
product that may not be
appropriate.
To submit products for review,
send to Marg Schmidt, School of
Music, Arizona State University,
40 Gammage Parkway, P.O. Box
870405, Tempe, AZ 85287-0405
Reviewers
Nola Campbell (N.C.) is the director of orchestras at Glastonbury High School, teaching 150 strings students and 25 guitar students each day.
She performs on either violin or viola with the New Britain Symphony Orchestra, and other orchestras and string ensembles in the greater Hartford, Connecticut area. She is also an active music education clinician, lecturer, studio teacher, and orchestra conductor.
Paul Christopher (P.Ch.) is assistant professor of music theory and low strings at Northwestern State University of Louisiana. He serves as principal
cello of the Longview Symphony Orchestra, and in the summers performs as assistant principal cello with the Peter Britt Festival Orchestra in Jacksonville, Oregon. He is currently involved in recording the cello duos of Jacques Offenbach with four CDs available at www.cdbaby.com.
Patricia Cox (P.Co.) is associate professor of music at Harding University in Searcy, Arkansas, where she teaches strings and coaches the university
string quartet. She directs the White County Youth Orchestra and the Searcy String Quartet.
Michelle Ewer (M.E.) is a 28-year veteran string specialist with Jefferson County Schools in Colorado. She teaches fifth through eighth grade with
an active program of more than 200 students.
Denise Grupp-Verbon (D.G.V.) is an active professional performer who teaches privately and at Owens State Community College. She was formerly a member of the Civic Orchestra of Chicago and has a master of music degree in harp performance from Northwestern University.
Georgia Hornbacker (G.H.) is associate professor of violin at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, associate concertmaster of the Illinois Symphony,
and Illinois Chamber Orchestras and violinist of the Kirkland Trio. She maintains a private studio in her home and in 2001 was named Outstanding
Studio Teacher by Illinois ASTA with NSOA.
Ingrid Kovacs (I.K.) currently teaches orchestra at Canarelli Middle School in metropolitan Las Vegas. She is active in ASTA, MENC, and ISME, and
recently completed a doctorate in music education at Boston University.
Pamela Nichols (P.N.) teaches elementary and junior high orchestras in the Chandler, Arizona, Unified School District. She is also the district elementary strings coordinator. She earned a B.A. in music education is from Augustana College, and a masters in secondary education and leadership certification from Northern Arizona University.
Tess Remy-Schumacher (T.R.S.), D.M.A., is a professor for violoncello at the University of Central Oklahoma, a visiting scholar at Harvard University, and a voting member of the Grammys. Her former teachers include Jacqueline du Pre, Lynn Harrell, and Eleonore Schoenfeld.
Jan Farrar Royce (J.F.R.) is a leading authority on including fiddling in the mainstream string curriculum as a means to meet National Standards
and create rich lessons. Her articles and reviews span both professional performing and educational concentrations. She gives frequent workshops
for schools, colleges and conferences.
Ruth Sadasivan (R.S.), a member of ASTA, SAA, and HASA, maintains a private violin/viola studio in Overland Park, Kansas. She is also an active
freelance performer in the Kansas City area.
Benjamin Whitcomb (B.W.) is an associate professor of cello at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater and a member of the Ancora String
Quartet and the Whitcomb-deVries Duo. He is an active scholar and performer, giving several dozen performances, master classes, clinics, and
papers each year throughout the country. Check out his website at www.benjaminwhitcomb.com to learn about his recently released CD and his
book on practicing.
Robert Henley Woody, Senior (R.H.W.), is a professor of psychology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. He is an active performer (guitar,
string bass, and mandolin) and frequent contributor of articles to music publications.
Teaching Tips K-12
by Rebecca Tast
Ways to Do More Than Just Survive Your

First Year of Teaching
An undergraduate music education
professor once told a class of future music
educators that the ideal job for first-year
teachers was in a program that needed
to be rebuilt. His reasoning: anything a
new teacher can do, as long as they do it
correctly, is a step in the right direction. I
believe in his advice; however, I also know
how difficult this situation can be.
The position I took over was unique in
many ways. First, while I was student
teaching, I was hired as the districts orchestra director. Then I started in January,
on a temporary teaching license. To top
it off, I was the students third orchestra
director of the school year. The following
are a few things that helped me to do more
than just survive my first year of teaching.
Before you take the job, find out as
much information as possible.
Have questions prepared for the interview. This could include anything from
budget, demographics, or the number of
students in the program. Ask about the
expectations of the program, i.e. what
do the administrators want to see done.
Having questions prepared shows interest in the position. Make sure that the
administration wants you and the program
to be successful, and let them know that
you want success for their students. Dont
take the job if you arent sure you are being
set up for success. If the program cant be
rebuilt in five years, it couldnt be rebuilt
in 100 years.
Figure out what the students know.
Once you take the job, work quickly to
find out what the students have learned
and know. Look for old recordings, programs or anything that can give a clue as
to what level the students are. You also can
ask the students, but beware that not all
students will be honest with you.
Be sensitive to student needs.
Whether the teacher before you was
everyones favorite or was a total flop, students will need time to adjust. Make the
expectations clear, but dont try to change

everything at once. Find ways to build
morale, show understanding, and keep
reminding the students that the ultimate
goal is to help them be successful and feel
good about themselves.
Find a mentor or two or three.
I had several wonderful mentors, including my high school orchestra teacher,
my mentor teacher from student teaching
and several college professors who have
helped and still help me. Most beginning
teachers have a difficult time knowing
when it is time to ask for help, and, more
importantly, they dont know who to ask.
Get to know the other music faculty in
the district. Besides the fact that they are
nearby, they could be the best resources
and allies you have. This is especially
true if you are in a small town or rural
area. However, if for some reason there
is no one nearby who is willing to help,
start emailing. Former college professors
and orchestra directors are a great place
to start. Most of the good mentors will
remember what it was like just starting
out and will be more than willing to help.
Dont be afraid to ask.
Recruit, recruit, and recruit some more.
This is especially important if numbers
are depleted or if instrumentation is a
problem. Handpick a few students right
away and sell them on playing an instrument. Starting beginners one year or
two years after their peers will take more
work, but it can be done and it will really
help you to balance existing groups. The
time spent preparing new students will
be worth it when the program grows and
matures.
Set priorities and goals.
If you can see things in the program
that need to change, you also need to
know why they need to be changed. Setting priorities and goals will help develop
a clearer picture of where the program is
going. Involve students in this process, and
help them to be responsible for obtaining

the goals set. Students will gain a sense
of pride in the program and it will give
them something to constantly be working
toward.
Join professional organizations.
Organizations such as ASTA and
MENC were created as a resource for
teachers. Every state has chapters of ASTA
and MENC, and being involved in your
state chapter will help you gain support.
These organizations have workshops both
in your state and nationally and give you a
chance to make connections and network
with other teachers.
Take care of yourself!
It is conceivable that any teacher could
work 12 hours a day, seven days a week
and still not get everything done. The
good news about work is that whatever
you dont get done one day will still be
there the next. Sleep is a necessity, but you
also need to eat healthy, exercise and make
time for a social life. This will help you to
maintain physical and mental wellbeing.
The best teacher is a healthy teacher!
Remember why you became a teacher.
Some days your job wont be very pleasant.
Students may not be very well behaved,
or an administrator may want to cut time
out of your rehearsal for an assembly.
Most days, though, are filled with small
successes. Stay positive, dont take the
bad things personally, and celebrate every
success -- even the small ones. Always
remember the driving passion that led you
to this career in the first place: your love of
sharing music with young people.
This is by no means an all-inclusive guide
to help young or new teachers. It also
wont help you fix every problem, as everyones situation and program are different.
I wish you good luck in your exciting new
career!
Rebecca Tast is in her 3rd year as orchestra director at Arkansas City Public Schools in Arkansas City, KS. She teaches
6th-12th grade orchestras and runs a private strings studio for 12 students. In her first two years at Arkansas City, the
orchestra program has grown from 45 students in 6th-12th grade orchestra to 87 students in 6th-12th grade orchestra.
Rebecca was recently named the conductor of the Southwestern College Youth Symphony Concert Orchestra in Winfield,
Kansas. Rebecca received her undergraduate degree from The University of Kansas in December of 2008, and she is
currently working on her Masters degree at Wichita State University. Rebecca was honored as the 2011 Outstanding
Young Educator by the Kansas Chapter of the American String Teachers Association and is the current newsletter editor for
that organization.
Advertisers Index
Alfred Publishing...................................................................................104
Amatis Fine Instruments........................................................................19
Austin Peay State University................................................................101
Barenreiter................................................................................................8
Bischofberger Violins, LTD.....................................................................57
Brobst Violin Shop..................................................................................85
Carriage House Violins / Reuning..........................................................12
Carnegie Hall..........................................................................................11
Cleveland Institute of Music....................................................................25
Claire Givens Violins, Inc..........................................................................9
CodaBow International ....................................................................35, 85
DAddario & Company............................................................................70
DePauw University.................................................................................51
Eastman School of Music.......................................................................91
Educational Strings Publishing...............................................................83
Electric Violin............................................................................................9
Florida State University..........................................................................45
Frustrated Accompanist . .........................................................................9
G. Henle, Verlag.....................................................................................71
Gettysburg College /
Sunderman Conservatory of Music...............................................103
Hal Leonard Publishing..........................................................................58
Huthmaker Violins..................................................................................19
Ifshin Violins...................................................................inside back cover
Indiana University Press.........................................................................15
K.C. Strings Violin Shop.........................................................................52
Knilling String Instruments / St. Louis Music............................................2
Lawrence University Conservatory of Music..........................................45
Mason Gross School of the Arts/
Rutgers, the State School of New Jersey........................................51
Merz-Huber Company............................................................................52
Messiah College...................................................................................103
Mona Lisa Sound, Inc.............................................................................19
Neil A. Kjos Music...................................................................................13
New York University/Steinhart School....................................................38

NS Design................................................................................................9
Peter Zaret & Sons Violins, Inc.............................................................101
Pirastro GmbH..........................................................................................4
Rolland String Research Associates....................................................101
San Francisco School of Music..............................................................36
San Francisco Symphony.......................................................................69
Shar Products....................................................................... outside cover
Stulberg International String Competition...............................................57
SUNY Potsdam-Crane School of Music...............................................103
Super-Sensitive Musical String Company................................................3
Temple University...................................................................................53
Tempo Press...........................................................................................25
Texas Christian University......................................................................99
The Hartt School of Music / University of Hartford.................................57
The Juilliard School..................................................................................3
The Midwest Clinic.................................................................................50
The Potter Violin Company.......................................................................7
The String Centre, a division of the Woodwind & Brasswind.................59
Things 4 Strings, LLC.............................................................................50
Thomastik-Infeld/Connolly & Co...............................................................1
University of Colorado at Boulder...........................................................29
University of Denver / Lamont School of Music......................................21
University of Massachusetts at Amherst.................................................59
University of Memphis /
Rudi E. Scheidt School of Music......................................................44
University of Missouri School of Music...................................................53
University of Nebraksa at Kearney.........................................................39
University of North Carolina School of the Arts......................................73
University of Texas at Austin...................................................................73
Wayne State University..........................................................................97
Willamette University..............................................................................83
William Harris Lee & Company...............................................................19
Yamaha Corporation of America..................................... inside front cover
Studio Tips
by Mary Alice Rich
Teaching Tips from Paul Rolland

Anyone perusing the fine method books published in recent years will see, whether you know it or not, the influence of Paul
Rolland on string teaching today. Most of us are aware of his influence in the context of public school orchestras, particularly
with beginning students. But I knew Paul Rolland as a beloved college professor whose university students went on to perform in
major orchestras such as Boston, Houston, Minnesota, Kansas City, Toronto, Dallas and the San Francisco Opera. Several became
college professors, and some, like me, enjoy working closely with school orchestra directors and serving as private teachers to their
orchestra students.

It is within the context of Rollands gift for teaching students of all levels that I have chosen my Teaching Tip:
4D
eveloping the advanced legato or looping bow stroke for a richer, fuller tone all the way to the tip, particularly in
romantic works.
4J
I will take you through the detailed progression that Rolland taught me.

We start with the very important Flying Pizzicato, designed to prepare for unencumbered extended bow strokes while
keeping the bow parallel to the bridge. At first the student plucks with small counter clockwise circular motions. (You might
have to show young kids what counter clockwise is because, with digital clocks and cell phones, they might not understand.)
Then increase the size of the circle to medium ovals and then to long ovals in the direction a bow would travel while parallel
to the bridge.

Now heres where we insert more advanced technique. Rolland strongly emphasized that when doing this motion, the
elbow and the hand do not move in the same circle. he said if one were to move the elbow and hand together at the same
time, it would be like trying to walk with the feet and the knees moving at the same time. He would demonstrate this by
walking around the room like a duck. He looked very funny doing this, but it got the point across:
ust as one moves the knee first and the foot follows while walking, ones elbow leads and the hand follows while playing
the violin.
Now, let us re-examine our beginners circles, paying attention to the right elbow and hand. Let us choreograph the motion:
Before you pizzicato, with your right 1st finger on the string, hang the elbow down.
As you pluck the string, the right elbow begins to circle up and the hand follows.
As you approach the next pizzicato, the elbow circles back down to its lowest point with the hand following to
approach the next pluck.
Both the elbow and hand have their own circular path, but the elbow is the leader.

Okay, now lets add the bow. Practice small strokes at the frog with down-bows only, circling back in the air as
described above. The bow fingers should be very curved at the frog to cushion the bow stroke. Increase the length of the bow
and the size of the follow-through circles/ovals. Rolland said that it is like brushing your side with the inside of your upper
arm. He would gently touch the students elbow, guiding it into its path.

When ready, we add another level of advancement that will involve the above motion plus string crossings. We begin
by crossing from the A-string [down-bow] to the D-string [up-bow] back to the A-string [down-bow] and again to the
D-string [up-bow], repeating many times using the established circular motion in the bow arm. Start with small strokes
expanding to large bows.
4F
or whole bows: on the down-bow, let the elbow rise only during the last few inches of the tip. On the up-bow, wait to
let the elbow circle down until you approach the frog.
Continue to cushion at the frog. Let the heaviness of the arm weight sink into the string, adding weight as you transfer to
the upper half of the bow.

When this motion becomes a part of you in whole bows, continue on the A-string ONLY but keep making the
looping motion as if you were crossing as before from a higher string to a lower string. Just make the loop subtler so as not
to hit adjacent strings.

Repeat the following pattern as needed:
A
A A A A
Go to any pairingD-G, E-A, Viola G-C
CAUTION: Periodically check to make sure your bow is parallel to the bridge to maintain a consistent contact point.
Mary Alice Rich

received her bachelors
degree in violin
performance under Paul
Rolland at the University
of Illinois. She served as
his teaching assistant
until his death in 1978.
She completed her
masters degree under
Sergiu Luca and played in the Tulsa Philharmonic, Ft. Worth Symphony and Dallas Opera
Orchestra. She also taught at Texas A&MCommerce, the Dallas Symphony-sponsored
Young Strings Scholarship Program for
minority students, the Greater Dallas Youth
Orchestras community outreach program for
underserved string students, and currently
plays for Texas Winds Community Outreach
which provides informal chamber music
concerts for hospitals and nursing homes. As a
composer, she has won several competitions
and has published music through Neil A. Kjos,
Wingert-Jones, Latham Music, RBC, and
SmartMusic.
My Turn
by Kathleen McCullough
YouTube Symphony Sydney, Australia:

A Mind-Blowing Experience
Colleen McCullough,
daughter of Kansas
State ASTA President
Kathleen McCullough
and husband Jeff,
recently participated
in the 2011 YouTube
Symphony Orchestra
in Sydney, Australia.
Colleen studied
Suzuki violin from
the age of 2 with Alice Joy Lewis in Ottawa, Kan. She graduated
from the New England Conservatory having studied with Eric
Rosenblith, and recently received her D.M.A. in violin performance from the University of Texas at Austin where her teacher
was Brian Lewis. She plays with the Austin and Waco Symphonies and teaches at the Austin Community College while she is
seeking a university teaching position.

Rewind to fall 2010. Some of Colleens friends were talking about the YouTube Symphony auditions on Facebook. She
knew some musicians who had participated in the first YouTube
Symphony orchestra in 2009 at New Yorks Carnegie Hall. They
had had such a great time that it piqued her interest.

When she found out that the venue would be Sydney, Australia, she saw a wonderful opportunity to travel to a part of the world
she never thought she could afford to go. The audition music was
standard repertoire that she had been studying for other auditions.
With only a few weeks to prepare, she decided to tape the audition
while visiting her parents in Kansas at Thanksgiving. She taped, edited and uploaded the video directly to YouTube along with several
thousand other hopeful musicians.

Then the hard part began: waiting for the results. The 300 finalists were announced in early December and voting was open to the
public for one week. Colleen was selected as a finalist and members
of her family and friends began contacting everyone they knew to
ask them to vote for her (Thanks Kansas Strings teachers!). Then,
on Dec. 27, a representative from Google called to say she had
been selected as a member of the YouTube Symphony 2011. Forms
and paperwork were needed for identification, taxes, visa, passport,
health form, etc. Communication was set up through Google to
keep the musicians informed.

Two-and-a-half weeks before the trip, orchestra music was delivered using pdf files to the musicians, and Colleen was informed
that she would be the concertmaster for the orchestra. She was
excited, petrified and humbled all at the same time. She later found
out that Michael Tilson Thomas had selected her for the position.

Furious practicing and packing ensued at the same time she
was attending symphony rehearsals and concerts, teaching classes,
and playing numerous gigs. The time finally arrived to board
the plane to Sydney. The flights and layovers were a total of 23
hours. When she arrived, she was met at the airport and taken to
the Four Seasons Hotel at the Circular Quay with a view of the
Sydney Opera House. Musicians from 33 countries ages 14 to 49
were together for the first time.

The beginning activity was a harbor cruise with the entire
orchestra. All over the city of Sydney there were YouTube banners,
posters and flyers.

Colleen was interviewed by The Australian, Australias biggest
newspaper, and an article appeared in the Arts section with a
picture of the members of the orchestra sitting on the steps of the
Opera House.

Rehearsals began that Monday morning with Thomas at the
Opera House on the Britten Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra. Mentors worked with the musicians during the rehearsals.
They were from the Berlin Philharmonic, London Symphony
and Chicago Symphony. Zoya Leybin from the San Francisco
Symphony was the one of the mentors who worked with the violin section. Our daughter said she was a wonderful mentor who
worked well with the musicians. She encouraged the violinists and
gave them many very helpful suggestions for playing as a section.

Literature for the orchestra concert included Berlioz Roman
Carnival Overture, Ginastera Danza del Trigo and Danza final,
Mozart Caro bellidol mio with vocalist Renee Fleming singing via
remote feed, Britten Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra, Strauss
Fanfare for the Vienna Philharmonic, Ascending Bird by Colin Jacobsen, and Stravinsky Firebird Infernal Dance, Berceuse, and Finale.

Ensemble concerts featuring the percussion, woodwinds,
brass and strings sections were also performed but on different
nights. On the string ensemble night, my husband and I had
general admission tickets to the concert. We arrived about an
hour early to try to get good seats. As it turned out, our seats were
great, and we sat next to Thomas. The concert included Purcell
Fantasia on One Note, Ljoya Budget Bulgur, Vivaldi Concerto for
Four Violins, Schubert Death and the Maiden(2nd mvt.), Fitzenhagen Konzertwalzer, and Tchaikovsky Serenade for Strings.
Excursions to Taronga Zoo,
a Harbor Bridge climb and
Bondi Beach were provided
for the musicians. This gave
them many opportunities to
get to know each other and
forge international friendships. Activities and concerts
were streamed on YouTube
daily. The Saturday matinee benefited the childrens programs at
the Opera House.

Arriving at the Sydney Opera House for the Grand Finale,
my husband and I trekked up about 100 steps both outside and
inside until arriving at our seats in the top balcony. It was an
amazing view all the way down to the stage. There was a large
screen above the orchestra where images of the orchestra members and designs were projected throughout the concert. We were
thrilled to see our daughters image appear numerous times. There were vignettes of several orchestra members taken in their home
countries, improvisation on unusual instruments including the native Australian Digeridoo in a piece by Mason Bates entitled Mothership for orchestra and electronica with soloists.

A light show on the exterior Sydney Opera House Sails was part of the final concert. At this writing there have been more than 30
million views of the concert on YouTube -- the all-time most watched concert ever! It is available on YouTube at
www.youtube.com/symphony.

After the final concert, a wrap party was held in The Studio at the Opera House where many goodbyes were said helping to cement international ties between 33 countries.
Kathleen McCullough is a graduate of the Interlochen Arts Academy and earned a bachelor of music education from Temple
University. She also holds a masters in music education from from the College of New Jersey and national board certification
EAYA Orchestra. She is a registered Suzuki cello teacher and past president of the Heart of America Suzuki Teachers
Association. Currently she is the orchestra director of the Blue Valley Northwest High School and Harmony Middle Schools in
Overland Park, Kansas. On a personal note, she has been married for 42 years to her husband, Jeff. They have three
daughters and four grandsons. McCullough is currently President for the Kansas American Strings Teachers Association.
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What strategies are described for improving tone quality in orchestras?

What strategies are described for improving tone quality in orchestras?

What challenges does the article discuss about teaching double bass?

What challenges does the article discuss about teaching double bass?

American String Teacher

August 2011 | Volume 61 | Number 3

String Industry Council

4 | American String Teacher | August 2011

American String Teacher Contents

About the cover: Permission

Strategies for Improving the Tone Quality of Your Orchestra

Bass Forum: Double Bassics: Teaching Double Bass for the

An Interview with Bassist Larry Hurst

The Influence of Gestalt in Paul Rollands Theory of Pedagogy

We must be well versed in the techniques of all the string instruments in

An important aspect of learning to play a stringed instrument is the

Get Your String Class Up and Running in 10 Minutes or Less

American String Teacher Contents

by Donna Sizemore Hale

Message from the President

Teaching Tips K-12

Ways to Do More than Just Survive Your First Year of

Studio Teaching Tips

Teaching Tips from Paul Rolland

YouTube Symphony Sydney, Australia: A Mind-Blowing

Award and grant announcements, new

News of people, places, and events of interest to

The latest news from members of the

Of books, music, software, and videos

Committee Spotlight: ASTA Publications Committee

6 | American String Teacher | August 2011

Awards and Citations

8 | American String Teacher | August 2011

by Donna Sizemore Hale

ASTA Partners with MENC

President Kirk Moss

American String Teacher

AST Editorial Committee

AST Forum Editors

ASTA National Office

Donna Sizemore Hale, Executive Director

Beth Danner-Knight, Deputy Director,

Jody McNamara, Deputy Director, Finance and Administration

Deanna Tompkins, Director of Meetings and Events

March 21-24, 2012

Mary Jane Dye, Director of Communications

Exhibits National Orchestra Festival

Deb Bissen, Foundation and Advocacy Coordinator

Sky Henderson, Manager of Graphic Design/Webmaster

12 | American String Teacher | August 2011

Libby Dietrich, Meetings and Events Manager

Gloria Warwick, Administrative Assistant

Tami O'Brien, Membership Manager

Amanda Bernhardt, Membership Coordinator

from the president

Potters Violin Instrument Award

participates in the Williamsburg Youth Orchestra. His conductor

2011 CodaBows for America

Sabian Sanchez, age 15, viola

Before his father passed away in