Hobden Antibiotics II 09
Hobden Antibiotics II 09
Hobden Antibiotics II 09
Hobden, PhD
Pharmacology Antimicrobial Agents
Chapters 43-44, Goodman & Gilson
March 2009
General Outline for Antibiotics (a good study guide)
I. Chemistry (structure) covered in MIP
II. Effect on Microbes covered in MIP, briefly reviewed here
A. spectrum of coverage
B. mechanism(s) of action
C. mechanism(s) of resistance
III. Pharmacology of Antibiotic Class mostly new information
A. Absorbance
B. Fate after absorption
C. Excretion
IV. Pharmacology of Select Agents within Class mostly new information
V. Therapeutic Uses somewhat new information
VI. Toxicity/Contraindications- mostly new information
A. common (greater than 10%)
B. uncommon (1-9%)
C. rare (less than 1%)
Sulfonamides
I. Chemistry
A. sulfonamide generic term for derivatives of para-aminobenzenesulfonamide
B. analogues of para-aminobenzoic acid
C. sodium salts are water soluble
II. Effect on Microbes
A. spectrum of coverage broad (both G+ and G-)
B. mechanism of action
1. competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase
2. bacteria cannot synthesize their own folic acid
3. bacteriostatic in most tissues, can be cidal in urine
C. mechanism(s) of resistance
1. lower affinity for dihydropteroate synthase
2. decreased permeability or active efflux
3. found a new pathway to make folic acid
III. Pharmacology of the Sulfonamides
A. Absorbance
1. 70-100% of an oral dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
(mostly from small intestine, but also from stomach)
2. absorption from other sites (vagina, abraded skin, respiratory tract) is
variable and unreliable but may be enough to trigger adverse
reactions
B. Fate after absorption
1. binds to serum albumin to varying degrees
2. distributed throughout all tissues of the body
3. readily cross the placenta and reach fetal circulation