Grain Size: 1 Krumbein Phi Scale

Grain size
30
20
-4
-3
-2
10
5
4
3
-1
0
1
2
.5
.4
.3
.2
3
4
5
.1
.05
.04
.03
very
fine
Granules
very
coarse
coarse
.005
.004
very
fine
coarse
.016
1/64
.008
1/128
.004
1/256
.002
1/512
.002
.001
CLAY
fine
very
fine
.003
10
medium
fine
.01
fine
medium
.02
coarse
medium
Clay/Silt
boundary
for mineral
analysis
200
2 1/2"
2.12"
2"
1 1/2"
1 1/4"
1.06"
1 1/2"
3/4"
5/8"
1/2"
7/16"
3/8"
5/16"
.265"
.742"
1 Krumbein phi scale
(modified from
Hjuistrom,1939)
Crushed
(Nevin,1946)
Spheres
(Gibbs, 1971)
Tyler
Mesh No.
Natural
sand
cm/sec
Threshold
Velocity
for traction
cm/sec
Size ranges dene limits of classes that are given names

in the Wentworth scale (or UddenWentworth scale) used
in the United States. The Krumbein phi () scale, a modication of the Wentworth scale created by W. C. Krumbein[1] in 1937, is a logarithmic scale computed by the
equation
1m
above
bottom
150
1.05"
100
90
.525"
50
40
80
.371"
70
60
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
100
120
140
170
200
230
270
325
400
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
20
24
28
32
35
42
48
60
65
80
100
115
150
170
200
250
270
325
50
40
30
20
.72
.6
2.0
1.5
.59
5.6
4.5
.42
15
13
.30
43
35
120
91
.215
.155
350
240
.115
1000
580
.080
2900
1700
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0.5
0.329
10
9
8
7
6
.001 1/1024
0.01
0.0057
0.0014
0.001
0.00036
0.0001
100
40
50
40
30
30
= log2 D/D0 ,
4
3
2
1.0
20
26
Minimum
(Inman,1949)
where
0.5
0.1
0.085
0.023
80
60
50
20
1.2
90
70
30
.86
100
Note: The relation between the beginning

of traction transport and the velocity
depends on the height above the bottom
that the velocity is measured, and on
other factors.
-5
very
coarse
Settling
Velocity
(Quartz,
20C)
Stokes Law (R = 6rv)
50
40
COBBLES
Quartz
spheres
5.04"
64.0
2.52"
53.9
45.3
33.1
32.0
1.26"
26.9
22.6
17.0
0.63"
16.0
13.4
11.3
9.52
8.00
0.32"
6.73
5.66
4.76
0.16"
4.00
3.36
2.83
2.38
2.00
0.08"
1.63 inches
1.41
mm
1.19
1
1.00
.840
.707
.545
1/2
.500
.420
.354
.297
1/4
.250
.210
.177
.149
1/8
.125
.105
.088
.074
.062 1/16
.053
.044
.037
.031 1/32
Number
of grains
per mg
Note: Applies to subangular to

subrounded quartz sand
128
100
-6
PEBBLES
-7
Intermediate diameters
of natural grains
equivalent to sieve size
BOULDERS
(_
> -8 )
Note: Applies to subangular to

subrounded quartz sand
( in mm )
10.1"
SIEVE
SIZES
ASTM No.
(U.S. Standard)
256
200
SAND
-8
SIZE TERMS
(after
Wentworth,1922)
Note: Some sieve openings differ

slightly from phi mm scale
mm
SILT
Note: Sieve openings differ by as

much as 2% from phi mm scale
PHI - mm
COVERSION
= log 2 (d in mm)
1m = 0.001mm
Fractional mm
and
Decimal inches
Not to be confused with crystallite size, which is referred inside a particle or grain. A single grain can be composed
to as grain size by metallurgists.
of several crystals. Granular material can range from very
Particle size, also called grain size, refers to the small colloidal particles, through clay, silt, sand, gravel,
and cobbles, to boulders.
is the Krumbein phi scale,

D is the diameter of the particle, and
D0 is a reference diameter, equal to 1 mm (to
make the equation dimensionally consistent).
This equation can be rearranged to nd diameter using :
Wentworth grain size chart from United States Geological Survey

Open-File Report 2006-1195
D = D0 2
In some schemes, gravel is anything larger than sand
(comprising granule, pebble, cobble, and boulder in the
table above).
2 International scale
ISO 14688-1:2002, establishes the basic principles for
the identication and classication of soils on the basis of
those material and mass characteristics most commonly
used for soils for engineering purposes. ISO 14688-1 is
applicable to natural soils in situ, similar man-made materials in situ and soils redeposited by people.[2]
Beach cobbles at Nash Point, South Wales.
diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithied 3 Sorting

particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be applied
to other granular materials. This is dierent from the An accumulation of sediment can also be characterized
crystallite size, which refers to the size of a single crystal by the grain size distribution. A sediment deposit can
1
undergo sorting when a particle size range is removed by

an agency such as a river or the wind. According to a
formula[3] the sorting can be quantied as
See also
Orders of magnitude (volume)
Soil texture
Substrate (biology)
Unied Soil Classication System (USCS)
Martin diameter
Feret diameter
References
[1] Krumbein, W. C.; Aberdeen, Esther (April 1937). The

Sediments of Barataria Bay. Journal of Sedimentary
Petrology. 7 (1). Retrieved 11 May 2014. (subscription
required (help)).
[2] ISO 14688-1:2002 Geotechnical investigation and testing Identication and classication of soil Part 1: Identication and description. International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).
[3] Folk, Robert L.; Ward, William C. (1957). Brazos
River bar: a study in the signicance of grain-size
parameters (PDF). Journal of Sedimentary Petrology.
27 (1): 326.
doi:10.1306/74d70646-2b21-11d78648000102c1865d. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
External links
R D Dean & R A Dalrymple, Coastal Processes
with Engineering Applications (Cambridge University Press, 2002)
W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco,
1963).
J A Udden, Mechanical composition of clastic sediments, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 25, 655-744 (1914).
C K Wentworth, A scale of grade and class terms
for clastic sediments, J. Geology V. 30, 377-392
(1922).
EXTERNAL LINKS
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Grain size

1 Krumbein phi scale

Size ranges dene limits of classes that are given names

Note: The relation between the beginning

Stokes Law (R = 6rv)

Note: Applies to subangular to

Note: Applies to subangular to

Note: Some sieve openings differ

Note: Sieve openings differ by as

is the Krumbein phi scale,

Wentworth grain size chart from United States Geological Survey

diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithied 3 Sorting

undergo sorting when a particle size range is removed by

[1] Krumbein, W. C.; Aberdeen, Esther (April 1937). The

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Grain size Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_size?oldid=745336908 Contributors: Glenn, Marshman, Donarreiskoer, Robbot,

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

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