Introduction To ASP

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Introduction to ASP.

NET
ASP.NET

Web Application Development Platform


Building Web Based Application on .NET Platform

To Build Web Based Application on .NET Platform, We must use ASP.NET Web
Application Framework or Web Application Development Platform.
According to Microsoft, "ASP.NET is a web technology for building powerful, dynamic
Web applications and is part of the .NET Framework".
ASP.NET is an open source server-side Web application framework designed for
Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to
allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It
was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, and is the
successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the
Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code
using any supported .NET language such as Visual C# or VB.Net.
ASP.NET provides a unified Web development model that includes the services
necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications. While ASP.NET is largely
syntax compatible with Active Server Pages (ASP), it provides a new programming
model and infrastructure that allow you to create a powerful new class of
applications. ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework and allows you to take full
advantage of the features of the common language runtime, such as type safety,
inheritance, language interoperability, and versioning.
ASP.NET (Active Server Page for .NET)
Developer(s)
Microsoft
Initial Release
January 2002
Stable Release
4.5 / 15 August 2012; 2
years ago
Preview Release
5.0 / 12 November 2014;
3 months ago
Written in
.NET languages
Operating System
Microsoft Windows
Type
Web
application
framework
Website
www.asp.net
ASP.NET is more than the next version of Active Server Pages (ASP); it provides
a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for
developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. While ASP.NET is largely
syntax compatible with ASP, it also provides a new programming model and
infrastructure for more scalable and stable applications that help provide greater
protection. You can feel free to enhance your existing ASP applications by
incrementally adding ASP.NET functionality to them.
In other words you can say:
ASP.Net is a programming framework used to develop web applications and
web services with the help of any .NET compatible language such as C# or VB.NET.
Basically it is next generation of classic asp. It provides the easy way to build, deploy
& run web application via any browser interface.
ASP.Net is a web development platform, which provides a programming model,
a comprehensive software infrastructure and various services required to build up
robust web application for PC, as well as mobile devices.
.NET is language independent, which means we can use any .NET supported
language to make .NET applications. The most common languages for writing
ASP.NET applications are C# and VB.NET. While VB.NET is directly based on VB
(Visual Basic), C# was introduced together with the .NET framework, and is therefore
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a somewhat new language. Some people call C# "The .NET Language", but
according to Microsoft, we can do all the same things, no matter if we're using C# or
VB.NET.
Prerequisites of ASP.NET:
Before proceeding with ASP.NET you should have a basic understanding of
.NET programming language, text editor and execution of programs etc. Because we
are going to develop web based applications using ASP.NET web application
framework, so it will be good if you have understanding on other web technologies
like, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript etc.
These are following major elements:

.Net Framework SDK (Software Development Kit) 4.5/4.5.1.


.Net Programming Languages.
Visual C#.
Visual Basic.NET.
Basic Knowledge of ADO.NET (ActiveX Data Object for .NET).
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).
CSS (Cascading Style Sheet).
JavaScript (Client-Side Script Language).
XML (Extensible Markup Language).
Web Application:
A web application is an application that is accessed by users over a network
such as the Internet or an intranet.
OR
A Web application is an application program that is stored on a remote server
and delivered over the Internet through a browser interface.
OR
A web based application is a software package that can be accessed through
the web browser. The software and database reside on a central server rather than
being installed on the desktop system and is accessed over a network.
OR
A web-based application is any application that uses a website as the interface
(the front-end). Users access the application from any computer connected to the
Internet/Intranet using a standard browser, instead of using an application that has
been installed on their local computer.
OR
A web-based application is any application that uses a web browser as a client.
The term may also mean a computer software application that is coded in a browsersupported programming language (such as JavaScript, combined with a browserrendered markup language like HTML) and reliant on a common web browser to
render the application executable.
Web applications are popular due to the universality of web browsers, and the
convenience of using a web browser as a client. The ability to update and maintain
web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands
of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the inherent support for
cross-platform compatibility. Common web applications include webmail, online retail
sales, online auctions, e-commerce, real-estate, hospitality and many others.
For example, most of us are familiar with Microsoft Word, a common wordprocessing application. Google Docs is also a word-processing application, but users
perform all the functions using any web browser instead of using software installed
on their computer. Web-based e-mail such as Gmail, Hotmail is another common
web-based application that performs the same functions as a traditional desktop
application. Most any desktop software can be developed as a web-based
application.

OR
A web application is a collection of static and dynamic web pages. A static web
page is one that does not change when a user requests it: the web server sends the
page to the requesting web browser without modifying it.
In contrast, a dynamic web page is modified based upon client supplied input
value by the server before it is sent to the requesting browser. The changing nature
of the page is why its called dynamic.

How do web applications work?

The benefits of web-based applications:


Web-based applications offer a range of business advantages over traditional
desktop applications.
What are the business advantages?
These are the following business advantages:
Cost effective development:
With web-based applications, users access the system via a uniform
environmentthe web browser. While the user interaction with the application needs
to be thoroughly tested on different web browsers, the application itself needs only
be developed for a single operating system. Theres no need to develop and test it
on all possible operating system versions and configurations. This makes
development and troubleshooting much easier.
Accessible anywhere:
Unlike traditional applications, web systems are accessible anytime,
anywhere, via a PC with an Internet connection, putting the user in charge of where
and when they access the application.
Easily customisable:
The user interface of web-based applications is easier to customise than it is in
desktop applications. This makes it easier to update the look and feel of the
application, or to customise the presentation of information to different user groups.
Accessible for a range of devices:
In addition to customising content for user groups, content can also be
customised for presentation on any device connected to the internet, including PDAs,
mobile phones, etc., further extending the users ability to receive and interact with
information.
Improved interoperability:
Using internet technologies based on industry-wide standards, its possible to
achieve a far greater level of interoperability between applications than with isolated
desktop systems. For example, it is much easier to integrate a web-based shopping
cart system with a web-based accounting package than it is to get two proprietary
systems to talk to each other. Web-based architecture makes it possible to rapidly
integrate enterprise systems, improving work-flow and other business processes.
Easier installation and maintenance:
Installation and maintenance becomes less complicated. Once a new version
or upgrade is installed on the host server, all users can access it straight away. There
is no need to upgrade each client PC. Rolling out new software can be accomplished
more easily, requiring only that users have up-to-date browsers and plugins. And as
the upgrades are only performed by an experienced professional to a single server,
the results are more predictable and reliable.

Adaptable to increased workload:


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Increasing processor capacity also becomes a far simpler operation. If an


application requires more power to perform tasks, only the server hardware needs to
be upgraded. The capacity of web-based software can be increased by clustering
or running the software on several servers simultaneously. As workload increases,
new servers can be added to the system easilyGoogle, for example, runs on
thousands of inexpensive Linux servers. If a server fails, it can be replaced without
affecting the overall performance of the application.
Security
Web-based applications are typically deployed on dedicated servers, which are
monitored and maintained by experienced server administrators. This is far more
effective than monitoring hundreds or even thousands of client computers, as is the
case with new desktop applications.
Flexible core technologies
Any of three core technologies can be used for building web-based
applications, depending on the requirements of the application. The Java-based
solutions (J2EE) from Sun Microsystems involve technologies such as JSP and
Servlets. The newer Microsoft .NET platform uses Active Server Pages, SQL Server
and .NET scripting languages. The third option is the Open Source platform
(predominantly PHP and MySQL), which is best suited to any web application.
Conclusion:
Web-based applications are:

Easier to develop
More useful for users
Easier to install and maintain and keep secure
Easier to extend
Web applications commonly use a combination of server-side script (ASP, PHP,
JSP, ASP.NET etc.) and client-side script (HTML, JavaScript, etc.) to develop the
application. The client-side script deals with the presentation of the information while
the server-side script deals with all the hard stuff like storing and retrieving the
information.
Web Application resides with web server which will located under network server.
Clients are going to interact with web server via following some open standard:
1. Web Server:
It is software which is responsible to serve all the requests which are in the form of
HTTP.
OR
A web server is software that serves files in response to requests from web
browsers. A web server is sometimes called an HTTP server. Common web servers
include IIS, Netscape Enterprise Server, iPlanet Web Server, and Apache Tomcat.
2. Web Browser:
It is software which resides on client system and it is responsible to make
request in the form of HTTP and HTTP is the open standard protocol which is
applicable for different types of or all types of users. HTTP derived from W3 ORG.
3. HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language):
HTML is a light weight language which is used for showing output in the
browsers.
Using HTML, we can design the web pages that are displayed in the client browser.
Every web application must produce to output to the client in HTML form only. Any
language we use at the server but the outcome of this program should be
HTML.HTML can be used only to design static pages that are non-interactive pages.
HTML doesnt have any programming capabilities and also doesnt have error
handling and debugging support. With HTML, we can design a web site (noninteractive) but not web application (interactive).
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The HTTP Request/Response Cycle:


When a client machine launches a web browser (such as Opera, Mozilla
Firefox, or Microsoft Internet Explorer), an HTTP request is made to access a
particular resource (typically a web page) on the remote server machine. HTTP is a
text-based protocol that is built upon a standard request/response model.
The web server receives the incoming HTTP request and may choose to
process out any client-supplied input values (such as values within a text box, check
box selections, etc.) in order to format a proper HTTP response. Web programmers
may leverage any number of technologies (CGI, PHP, ASP, ASP.NET, JSP, etc.) to
dynamically generate the content to be produce into the HTTP response. At this
point, the client-side browser renders the HTML sent from the web server.

Types of web applications:


There are two types of web applications
Presentation-oriented:
A presentation-oriented web application generates interactive web pages
containing various types of markup language (HTML, XML, and so on) and dynamic
content in response to requests.
Service-oriented:
A service-oriented web application implements the endpoint of a fine-grained
web service. Service-oriented Web applications are often invoked by presentationoriented applications. Presentation-oriented applications are often clients of serviceoriented web applications.
Web Services are a technology based on the concept of service oriented computing.
Web services are standards that integrate Web-based applications through
connecting and sharing business processes across the network where applications of
different vendors, languages, and platforms communicate with each other and with
clients. Thus applications involve assembling components of Web services.
Relationship between Web Applications and Web Servers:
A web application can be understood as a collection of files (*.htm, *.asp,
*.aspx, image files, XML based file data, etc.) and related components (such as a
.NET Code Library or COM Component) stored within a particular set of directories on
a given web server.
A web server is a software product in-charge of hosting our web applications,
and it typically provides a number of related services such as integrated security, File
Transfer Protocol (FTP) support, mail exchange services, and so on. Example: IIS
Internet Information Services (IIS) is Microsofts enterprise-level web server software
product; it has intrinsic support for classic ASP and as well as ASP.NET web
applications.
When we build production-ready ASP.NET web applications, we will often need
to interact with IIS. Be aware, however, that IIS is not automatically selected as an
installation option when we install the Windows operating system (also be aware that
all versions of Windows can't support IIS, such as Windows XP/7/8/8.1 Home).
Thus, depending on the configuration of our development machine, we may
wish to install IIS. To do this, simply access the Add/Remove Program applet from the
Control Panel folder and select Add/Remove Windows Components.

How to: Install and Configure Internet Information


Services
IIS must have the following features enabled:

.NET Extensibility (on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008) or .NET Extensibility 4.5
(onWindows 8 and Windows Server 2012)
ASP.NET (on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008) or ASP.NET 4.5
(on Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012)
ISAPI Extensions
ISAPI Filters
Request Filtering
Windows Authentication
Static Content
HTTP Activation
The procedure is slightly different for the different versions of Windows. For more
details, see the following below sections:

Installing IIS Features on Windows 7

The following procedure describes how to install IIS and the required features for the
Microsoft Dynamics NAV Web client, including HTTP activation, on Windows 7.
To install IIS features on Windows 7
1. On the Start menu, choose Control Panel, and then choose Programs.
2. Under Programs and Features, choose Turn Windows features on or off.
3. In the Windows features list, expand Internet Information Services, and then
expand World
Wide Web Services.
4. Expand Application Development Features, and select the following features:

.NET Extensibility
ASP.NET
ISAPI Extensions
ISAPI Filters
5. Expand Security, and then select the following features:

Request Filtering
Windows Authentication
6. Expand Common HTTP Features, and then select the Static Content feature.
7. To install Internet Information Service (IIS) Manager, under Internet Information
Services, expand Web Management Tools, and then select IIS Management
Console.
This step is optional. You use Internet Information Service IIS Manager to manage
local and remote web servers and sites.
8. Choose the OK button to complete the installation.
9. In the Windows features list, expand Microsoft .NET Framework, and then
select Windows
Communication Foundation HTTP Activation.
10. To verify that the web server has been installed correctly, start your browser, and
then type
http://localhost in the address.
The default web site opens and should display an IIS 7 image. If the IIS 7
image does not appear, then verify that you have configured static content on IIS, as
described in step 6.
Note:
To open Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager, on the Start menu, in the
Search Programs and Files box, type inetmgr, and then press Enter.

Installing IIS Features on Windows 8


The following procedure describes how to install IIS and the required features
for the Microsoft Dynamics NAV Web client on Windows 8.
To install IIS features on Windows 8
1. On the Start page, choose Control Panel, and then choose Programs.
2. Under Programs and Features, choose Turn Windows features on or off.
3. In the Windows features dialog box, expand .NET Framework 4.5 Advanced
Services, and then select ASP.NET 4.5.
4. Expand WCF Services, and then select HTTP Activation.
5. If the .NET Framework 3.50 is installed, then expand Microsoft .NET Framework
3.5 (including .NET 2.0 and 3.0), and then select Windows Communication
Foundation HTTP Activation.
6. In the Windows features list, expand Internet Information Services, and then
expand World Wide Web Services.
7. Expand Application Development Features, and select the following features:

.NET Extensibility 3.5 (if .NET Framework 3.5 is installed)


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.NET Extensibility 4.5


ASP.NET 3.5 (if .NET Framework 3.5 is installed)
ASP.NET 4.5
ISAPI Extensions
ISAPI Filters
8. Expand Common HTTP Features, and then select the Static Content feature.
9. Expand Security, and then select the following features:
Request Filtering
Windows Authentication
10. To install Internet Information Service (IIS) Manager, under Internet
Information Services, expand Web Management Tools, and then select IIS
Management Console. This step is optional. You use Internet Information Service
IIS Manager to manage local and remote web servers and sites.
11.
Choose the OK button to complete the installation.
12. To verify that the web server has been installed correctly, start your browser, and
then type http://localhost in the address.
Note:
To open Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager, on the Start menu, in the
Search Programs and Files box, type inetmgr, and then press Enter.
The default web site opens and should display an IIS 8 image.

Install and Setup a Website in IIS 8 on Windows 8


One of the first things Web Developers need to install IIS (Internet Information
Services). Windows 8 ships with a new version of IIS, version 8, lets take a look at
installing it.
After Installing IIS, finally decided to try and setup a small test web site using IIS 8,
the latest version of Internet Information Services that runs on Windows 8. In this
document, Ill show you how to install IIS 8 on Windows 8 and setup a new website.

Installing IIS:

IIS in Windows is still an optional Windows Feature. To install it, press the
Windows + R key combination to bring up a run box, then type appwiz.cpl and press
enter.
This will open the Program and Features part of Control Panel, on the left hand
side click on the Turn Windows features on or off link.

Or first open the Control Panel Main Window as following:


Click Control Panel App

Click Program and Features Option from above All Control Panel Items
Window. This will open the Program and Features part of Control Panel, on the left
hand side click on the Turn Windows features on or off link.

Window Features will open. Now scroll down until you see Internet
Information Services in the list. Go ahead and click in the empty checkbox next to
the title. It should turn into a small black square.

10

Note that having the black square instead of the checkmark just means that
not all of the sub-items are being installed. For example, by default, checking IIS will
not install the FTP server option. If you want to install FTP Server, you have to
expand the + box and manually check it. Go ahead and click OK at this point and
Windows 8 will install IIS 8. You shouldnt need the DVD to install IIS.
After clicking OK, this dialog will appear on your screen for a while.

When its done, fire up your browser and navigate to http://localhost/

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Next, you can then go to Control Panel and click on Administrative Tools. Here
you will see Internet Information Services (IIS) Manger. Youll get the familiar IIS
console screen:

On the left hand side, you can expand out the server to see the list of sites. To
start, you only have the Default Web Site, which is stored under
C:\inetpub\wwwroot.

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Creating a Sample Website Using Plain HTML that contains following


resources and setup this website.
For Example: D:\ - Physical Location on the Server Machine
Sample Website Website Folder
Images - Folder
Ads1.jpg
Ads 2.jpg
Ads3.jpg
Ads4.jpg
Home.htm
AboutUs.htm
Services.htm
ContactUs.htm

Images Used in All Web Pages

All Web Pages Interlinked to Each Others

Use the notepad text editor to create all web pages as following:
Home.htm:
<html>
<head>
<title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color: yellow">
<img src="Images/Ads1.jpg" width="100%" height="150" alt="This is Banner Image" />
<div align="center">
<a href="Home.htm">Home</a>
|
<a href="AboutUs.htm">About Us</a>
|
<a href="Services.htm">Services</a>
|
<a href="ContactUs.htm">Contact Us</a>
</div>
<hr />
<h1>:: Home Page Contents::</h1>
</body>
</html>
AboutUs.htm:
<html>
<head>
<title>About Us Page</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color: Aqua">
<img src="Images/Ads2.jpg" width="100%" height="150" alt="This is Banner Image" />
<div align="center">
<a href="Home.htm">Home</a>
|
<a href="AboutUs.htm">About Us</a>
|
<a href="Services.htm">Services</a>
|
<a href="ContactUs.htm">Contact Us</a>
</div>
<hr />
<h1>:: About Us Page Contents::</h1>
</body> </html>

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Services.htm:
<html>
<head>
<title>Services Page</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color: green">
<img src="Images/Ads3.jpg" width="100%" height="150" alt="This is Banner
Image" />
<div align="center">
<a href="Home.htm">Home</a>
|
<a href="AboutUs.htm">About Us</a>
|
<a href="Services.htm">Services</a>
|
<a href="ContactUs.htm">Contact Us</a>
</div>
<hr />
<h1>::Services Page Contents::</h1>
</body>
</html>
ContactUs.htm:
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact Us Page</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color: lime">
<img src="Images/Ads4.jpg" width="100%" height="150" alt="This is Banner
Image" />
<div align="center">
<a href="Home.htm">Home</a>
|
<a href="AboutUs.htm">About Us</a>
|
<a href="Services.htm">Services</a>
|
<a href="ContactUs.htm">Contact Us</a>
</div>
<hr />
<h1>::Contact Us Page Contents::</h1>
</body>
</html>
Once The Website is ready with their resources as shown above, You
required to Host or setup a website on a given web server i.e. IIS
Hosting a Web Site to an IIS Web Server:
These are following steps to host or setup a Website to an IIS Webserver:
1. Open IIS Manger
2. To setup a new website in IIS 8, expand Server (Machine Name) -> Sites ->
Default Web Site
3. Right-Click on Default Web Site and choose Add Application and enter the details
as following:

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Click OK to complete hosting or setup a new website to an IIS Webserver.


Once a Website is hosted on IIS Web Server, It can be accessed from the
same machine or any other client machine in the same network by making
request to Webserver using Browser Interface as following:
1. Open Any Web Browser
2. Type the following URL:
From The Same Machine:
http://localhost/SampleWebSite/Home.htm
OR
http://MachineName/SampleWebSite/Home.htm
From Any Other Client Machine in the Same Network:
http://ServerMachineName/SampleWebSite/Home.htm
Or
http://IP Address/SampleWebSite/Home.htm
Output:

If you click any of the link such as Home, About Us, Services, Contact Us it
redirects to their corresponding page to show the page contents.
Web Application Development:
Web application development is the process of developing web applications.
These are the following Web Technologies:
CGI
Perl
15

PHP
ColdFusion
JSP

ASP
Servlets
ASP.NET

ASP.NET:
ASP.NET is a most acceptable technology for creating strongest, dynamic &
scalable Web applications.
ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework and allows us to take full advantage of
the features of the common language runtime, such as type safety, inheritance,
language interoperability, and versioning.
ASP.Net is a web development platform, which provides a programming model,
a comprehensive software infrastructure and various services required to build up
robust web application for PC, as well as mobile devices.
ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft
to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web
services. It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET
Framework, and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology.
ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to
write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language such as Visual C# or VB.NET.
File Name Extension: .aspx

ASP.NET Versions:
The ASP.NET releases with the .NET Framework releases:

ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET

1.0
1.1
2.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.5

(2002)
(2003)
(2005)
(2006) Due to WCF (.Net Framework 3.0)
(2007)
Service Pack 1 (2008)
(2010)
(2012)

ASP.NET
Version

Introduced with .NET


& IDE

1.0

1.0 and Visual Studio


.NET

Feature Details

Support for Object-oriented Web application


development
Use of DLL class libraries

16

1.1

2.0

1.1 and Visual Studio


.NET 2003

2.0 and Visual Studio


2005

ASP.NET Mobile controls


Built-in support for ODBC and databases
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support

New Data controls GridView, FormView and


DetailsView
DataSource Controls SqlDataSource,
ObjectDataSource, AccessDataSource,
XmlDataSource and SiteMapDataSource
Navigation Controls like Menu, Tree View, and
Sitemap Path
Master Pages
Cross Page Postbacks
Validation Groups
Themes
Skins
Login controls
Role Management
Profiles
Membership Service
Localization and Globalization
Integrated ASP.NET AJAX
Support LINQ
New Data Controls ListView and DataPager
New DataSource Controls LinqDataSource &
EntityDataSource
Dynamic Data
Multi-targeting Framework Support

3.5

3.5 and Visual Studio


2008

4.0

4.5

4.5.1

4.0 and Visual Studio


2010

4.5 and Visual Studio


2012

4.5.1 and Visual Studio


2013

Introduced ClientIdMode property for Server


Control
Routing
Introduced Meta tags MetaKeyword and
MetaDescription
Chart Control
Strongly Typed Data Controls
Model Binding
Unobtrusive Validation
Bundling and Minification
Async Support
Support for asynchronous modules and
handlers
Friendly URL
HTML5 Features enhancements
Support for WebSocket protocol
Auth Support
One ASP.NET
ASP.NET Scaffolding
ASP.NET Identity

ASP.Net is a part of Microsoft .NET platform. ASP.Net applications are compiled


codes, written using the extensible and reusable components or objects present in
.NET framework. These codes can use the entire hierarchy of classes in .NET
framework.
17

The ASP.Net application codes could be written in either of


the following languages:
C# or VB.NET

ASP.Net is used to produce interactive, data-driven web applications over the


internet. It consists of a large number of controls like text boxes, buttons and labels
for assembling, configuring and manipulating code to create HTML pages.
ASP.NET Web pages, known officially as Web Forms, are the main building
blocks for application development. Web forms are contained in files with a ".aspx"
extension; these files typically contain static (X) HTML markup, as well as markup
defining server-side Web Controls and User Controls where the developers place all
the content for the Web page. Additionally, dynamic code which runs on the server
can be placed in a page within a block <% -- dynamic code -- %>, which is similar to
other Web development technologies such as PHP, JSP, and ASP. With ASP.NET
Framework 2.0, Microsoft introduced a new code-behind model which allows static
text to remain on the .aspx page, while dynamic code remains in an .aspx.cs or
.aspx.vb file (depending on the programming language used).
ASP.NET is a development framework for building web sites with HTML, CSS,
JavaScript and Scripting.
HTML:
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and it is the most widely used
language on Web.
HTML is not a programming language, its just a markup language.

Hypertext:
It refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML documents) are linked
together. When you click a link in a Web page, you are using hypertext.

Markup Language:
It describes how HTML works. With a markup language, you simply "markup"
a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.
CSS:
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet. And it is used to control the style of a
web document in a simple and easy way.
CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, we can control
the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how
columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors are used, as well
as a variety of other effects.
CSS provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document.
Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML.

JavaScript:

JavaScript is a scripting language produced by Netscape for use within HTML


Web pages.
JavaScript is loosely-typed or weakly-typed language (in short a loosely-typed
language is a language that does not require a variable to be defined) and it is built
into all the major modern browsers.
JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language that allows us to build
interactivity into static HTML pages.

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ASP.NET is built upon:

.NET Framework
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

Goals of ASP.NET:
These are following:

Keep the good parts of Classic ASP and improve the rest of things
Simplify: less code, easier to create and maintain
Multiple, compiled languages
Fast and scalable
Manageable
Customizable and extensible
Secure
Tool support

Key Features of ASP.NET:


These are following:
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Easy/Simple Programming Model


Flexible Language Options (Multiple Language Support)
Event based programming
Complete object oriented model
Separation of code and UI
Great Tool Support
Rich Class Framework
Compiled execution
Simplified form validation
Easy Data-Binding
Rich output caching
Maintains page state State Management
Multi-browser support
Easy Deployment
XML Configuration
Debugging
Extensibility
Security
Dynamic update of running application
Easy Migration Path
XML Web Services
Mobile Web Device Support
Greater Scalability
Enhanced Reliability

ASP.NET Execution Model:

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ASP.NET Development Environment:


Most of the programming languages with which we work require a
development environment to code, test and run the programs. So for development
environment we can use any specific development tool (IDE).
In order to develop ASP.Net applications even we can use a simple plain text
editor like a notepad but it won't support complete development environment.
So, if we prefer to work in a development environment then we have many to choose
from. Visual Studio IDE is one development environment from Microsoft. Another
development environment from Microsoft which is preferred by many developers is
Microsoft Web Matrix or Visual Web Developer that is free downloadable.
Visual Studio is an integrated development environment for writing, compiling
and debugging the code. It provides a complete set of development tools for building
ASP.Net web applications, web services, desktop applications and mobile
applications.

Finally we can say ASP.NET supports the following development


tools:

Web Matrix: Web Editor for Web Pages


Visual Web Developer: Development tool tailor made for MVC and Web Forms
Visual Studio IDE

ASP.NET supports the following programming languages:

C# (Pronounced C sharp)
Visual Basic (VB.NET)

ASP.NET has extended into multiple code frameworks,


including Web Forms, MVC, Web Page, Web API and
SignalR. Initially, all these produced up separately but now
they are coming together. Now, you can develop your web
site or web application by using Web Forms or MVC or Web
Page and services by using Web API or SignalR.
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Components of ASP.NET 4.5 Architecture:


.NET Framework
.Net framework is an integrated component of windows operating system that
supports development and execution of next generation applications, Windows store
apps and services.

ASP.NET Framework

ASP.Net Framework is used to create dynamic website, web application and


web services. It is built on the top of .NET Framework.
Asp.NET Framework provides you various capabilities like Hosting Model, Site/Service
Management, Protocol Abstraction, Security, Caching capability, Routing and Model
Binding etc.

Mainly, Asp.Net can be divides into two parts - Asp.Net Sites and Asp.Net
Services.
Asp.NET Site:
There are following flavours of Asp.NET Site Web Forms:
This is the traditional event driven development model. It has drag and drop
server controls, server events and state management techniques. This best for rapid
application development (RAD) with powerful data access.

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MVC:
This is a lightweight and MVC (Model, View, and Controller) pattern based
development model. It provides full control over mark-up and support many features
that allow fast & agile development.
This best for developing lightweight,
interactive and device oriented (i.e. compatible to smart phones, iPhone, tablet,
laptop etc.) web application with latest web standards.

Web Pages:

This is also a lightweight and Razor syntax based development model. It has
built-in template and helpers also provide full control over mark-up. It is best for
developing beautiful web application with latest web standards. You can also use
WebMatrix which is a free tool and has built-in template; for developing Asp.Net Web
Page.

SPA:

SPA stands for Single Page Application which helps you to build web
applications that include significant client-side interactions using HTML5, CSS3 and
JavaScript. It is best to make highly interactive single page dashboard web
applications.

Asp.NET Services:

There are two ways to make Asp.Net Services as given below

Web API:

Asp.Net Web API is a framework for building HTTP services that can be
consume by a broad range of clients including Browsers, Mobiles, iPhone and Tablets.

SignalR:

ASP.NET SignalR is a library that simplifies the process of adding real-time web
functionality to applications. Real-time web functionality is the ability to have server
code push content to connected clients instantly as it becomes available, rather than
having the server wait for a client to request new data.
Visual Studio 2012:
The Visual Studio IDE offers a set of tools that help you to write and modify the
code for your programs, and also detect and correct errors in your programs. Using
Visual Studio 2012 you can build Windows Store apps, desktop apps, mobile apps,
ASP.NET web apps, and web services.

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