Practical Problems in Statistic

Simple Linear Regression problems:
1. In regression analysis if the dependent variable is measured in dollars, the independent variable
a.
must also be in dollars
b.
must be in some unit of currency
c.
can be any units
d.
can not be in dollars
2. Regression analysis was applied between sales (in $1,000) and advertising (in $100), and the
following regression function was obtained.
= 80 + 6.2 x
Y
Based on the above estimated regression line, if advertising is $10,000, then the point estimate for
sales (in dollars) is
a.
$62,080
b.
$142,000
c.
$700
d.
$700,000
3. Regression analysis was applied between sales (in $1000) and advertising (in $100) and the following
regression function was obtained.
= 500 + 4x
Y
Based on the above estimated regression line if advertising is $10,000, then the point estimate for
sales (in dollars) is
a.
$900
b.
$900,000
c.
$40,500
d.
$505,000
4. A regression analysis between demand (y in 1000 units) and price (x in dollars) resulted in the
following equation
= 9 3x
Y
The above equation implies that if the price is increased by $1, the demand is expected to
a.
increase by 6 units
b.
decrease by 3 units
c.
decrease by 6,000 units
d.
decrease by 3,000 units
5. If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the regression equation

a.
must have a positive slope
b.
must have a negative slope
c.
could have either a positive or a negative slope
d.
must have a positive y intercept
6. It is possible for the coefficient of determination to be

a.
larger than 1
b.
less than one
c.
less than zero
d.
All of these answers are correct, depending on the situation under consideration.
7. Given below are seven observations collected in a regression study on two variables, x (independent
variable) and y (dependent variable). Use Excel to develop a scatter diagram and to compute the least
squares estimated regression equation and the coefficient of determination.
x
y
2
12
3
9
6
8
7
7
8
6
7
5
9
2
8. Regression analysis is a statistical procedure for developing a mathematical equation that describes
how
a.
one independent and one or more dependent variables are related
b.
several independent and several dependent variables are related
c.
one dependent and one or more independent variables are related
d.
None of these answers is correct.
9. In regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is the
a.
dependent variable
b.
independent variable
c.
intervening variable
d.
None of these answers is correct.
10. Wageweb conducts survey of salary data and presents summaries on its website. Based on
salary data as of October 2007, Wageweb reported that the average annual salary for sales
vice presidents was $142,111, with an average annual bonus of $15,432. Assume the
following data are a sample of the annual salary and bonus for 10 sales vice presidents. Data
are in thousands of dollars:
Salary
($1000s)
135
115
146
167
165
176
98
136
163
119
Bonus
($1000s)
12
14
16
19
22
24
7
17
18
11
a: Develop a scatter diagram for these data with salary as the independent variable
b. What does the scatter diagram developed in (a) indicate about the relationship between salary
and bonus?
c. Use the least square method to develop the estimated regression equation
d. Determine and interpret the practical significance of the model
e. Determine the statistical significance of the estimated model
f. Provide and interpret the slope of the estimated regression model
g. predict the bonus for a vice president with an annual salary of $120,000
Answers:
1. In regression analysis if the dependent variable is measured in dollars, the independent variable
ANSWER:
2. Regression analysis was applied between sales (in $1,000) and advertising (in $100), and the
following regression function was obtained.
ANSWER:
3. Regression analysis was applied between sales (in $1000) and advertising (in $100) and the following
regression function was obtained.
ANSWER:
4. A regression analysis between demand (y in 1000 units) and price (x in dollars) resulted in the
following equation
ANSWER:
5. If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the regression equation

ANSWER:
6. It is possible for the coefficient of determination to be

ANSWER:
7. Given below are seven observations collected in a regression study on two variables, x (independent
variable) and y (dependent variable). Use Excel to develop a scatter diagram and to compute the least
squares estimated regression equation and the coefficient of determination.
ANSWER:
8. Regression analysis is a statistical procedure for developing a mathematical equation that describes
how
ANSWER:
9. In regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is the

ANSWER:
10. Wageweb conducts survey of salary data and presents summaries on its website. Based on
salary data as of October 2007, Wageweb reported that the average annual salary for sales
vice presidents was $142,111, with an average annual bonus of $15,432. Assume the
following data are a sample of the annual salary and bonus for 10 sales vice presidents. Data
are in thousands of dollars:
Salary
($1000s)
135
115
146
167
165
176
98
136
163
119
Bonus
($1000s)
12
14
16
19
22
24
7
17
18
11
a: Develop a scatter diagram for these data with salary as the independent variable
b. What does the scatter diagram developed in (a) indicate about the relationship between salary
and bonus?
c. Use the least square method to develop the estimated regression equation
d. Determine and interpret the practical significance of the model
e. Determine the statistical significance of the estimated model
f. Provide and interpret the slope of the estimated regression model
g. predict the bonus for a vice president with an annual salary of $120,000
a.
.
b. there is a positive linear relationship between bonus and salary
as salary increases, bonus increases as well
c.
SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
0.924795
Multiple R
05
0.855245
R Square
89
Adjusted R
0.837151
Square
63
2.083896
Standard Error
16
Observations
10
ANOVA
df
SS
Regression
205.259
Residual
Total
8
9
34.74099
240
Standard
Error
Intercept
Salary
($1000s)
Coefficie
nts
10.16407
54
0.184254
05
3.862297
0.0268
F*
47.266
13
Significanc
e F*
0.0001277
09
t Stat
P-value
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
2.6316
1
6.8750
37
0.0301
03
0.0001
28
19.070547
2
0.1224521
16
1.2576
0.2460
56
MS
205.25
9
4.3426
23
E(bonus) = -10.16 + 0.184 (Sal)
d.
R2= 0.855 which is greater than our benchmark 0.7. therefore there is a strong linear model fit of
the data.
SE = 2.08 (or $2080) of 'average' error in the model.
In percentage of an average value of a bonus of $15,432 see problem description, we have
SE/average bonus = 13.47%
This is less than our benchmark of 15% error..Therefore we can state that due to these 2
indicators, the model indeed has strong practical significance.
e. (has 2 parts)
part a.
Ho: the model has no statistical significance (b1=0)

Ha: the model has statistical significance (b1=/=0)
see ANOVA table for the significance (or p-value) of the F test*
since p-value of F is < alpha of 0.05, reject H0 and conclude Ha. B1=/=0 and the model has
statistical significance
part b.
Ho: b1 = 0
(the slope b1 is not significant)
Ha: b1=/= 0
(the slope b1 ia significant)
since p-value** < alpha of 0.05, reject H0 and conclude Ha; slope b1 is statistically
significant (meaning Salary is significantly related to Bonus through slope b1)
** see printout
f.
for each additional $1000 increase in salary, there is a $184 increase in bonus
g.
E(Bonus) = -10.16+ 0.184(120)=

E(bonus)=
11.92
E(Bonus)=
$11,920.00

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Simple Linear Regression problems:

5. If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the regression equation

6. It is possible for the coefficient of determination to be

5. If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the regression equation

6. It is possible for the coefficient of determination to be

9. In regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is the

E(bonus) = -10.16 + 0.184 (Sal)

Ho: the model has no statistical significance (b1=0)

(the slope b1 is not significant)

(the slope b1 ia significant)

E(Bonus) = -10.16+ 0.184(120)=

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