PARTICIPLES
Introduction
Participles 
    !"

#$%  ing )* Present Participle 45$)*6789
 6
* a crying baby $<
=>? V.3 )* Past Participle 45$)*
67889
* a broken desk #%F9
Participle 4G* 2  $ ?
1. Present Participle (V.ing)
2. Past Participle (V.3)
Present Participles (V.ing)
L9) 6
 ?45$)* !"#$%&')*+,)-.!
L6 Phrase ()=) $) )* Present Participle Phrase
 ?)9# Simple Sentence 2 9# "9# $)
/'+0123*4,2/56786 Present participles
1. >)
 (V.ing + noun) *
Let talking students be out of the room. L9#
Let students who are talking be out of the room.
=*
= 8*
2.  phrase ()=) 

?T (V.ing + word or words) *
Seeing his moth, the boy ran away.
L9# Simple Sentence 2 9# 9W $)%)
$)) Simple Sentence 9# $) #$%$9W?
 65 1 %)   $*
 V-ing 9# G4>$$6
The boy saw his mother. The boy ran away.
Being tired out, she wanted to rest. 4 2 9# ?
She was tired out. She wanted to rest.


 

 

 



Past Participles (V.3)

) 6
 ?45$)*67889
 L6
phrase ()=) $) )* past participle phrase  ?)9# Simple
Sentence 2 9# "9# $)
/'+0123*4,2/56786 Past participles
1. 8*
 (V.3 + noun) ?=
 (noun + V) ?
transitive Verb (Vt.  %G) 4=9>)
4*$)*6
? intransitive verb (vi  >*% G) *
The stolen car last night is mine. (Vt.)
The car stolen last night is mine. L9#
The car which was stolen last night is mine.
"Z8"#? ?4=)
Please change the faded roses in the vase. (Vi.) L
9#
Please change the roses which were faded in the
vase.
*)=$=)4=)4L$)
/."/4@
?T %
$)G passive voice (by + noun)
Past Participles (V.3) L98*=
*
I saw a boy punished by his mother. L9#
I saw a boy who was punished by his mother.
Z<$< 84*""
#
5
G transitive verb %= L9% Ving 4%*>*
%= V3
I heard you arresting a pick - pocket
( a pick ] pocket )
I heard you arrested. (>*%=)


 

 

 



2. 8*= verb to be 
 passive voice (is, am, are, was, were +
v.3) *
He was sentenced to death. ("8%$5 9) %)
3.  phrase ()=) 

?T (V.3 + word or words) *
Punished by his mother, he cried bitterly.
8 4*
# ">*""?
L9# Simple sentence 2 9# 9W $)%)
$) ) Simple Sentence 9# $)#$%$9W?
 65 1 %)   $*
 past participle (V3) 9# G4>$$6
He was punished by his mother. He cried bitterly.
? She was permitted to rest. She went immediately. Phrase Permitted to
rest, she went immediately.
>$G_%  =*>
4. Past Participle  adverb ">$ (adv. + pp. + noun) *
A well ] designed dress = a dress which is designed well.
A carefully ] driven man = a man who driven carefully.
/."/4@ : compound Adjectives  $L noun + ed
4=9 adjective + noun + ed 4=)* d L98?G past
participle $6
a. noun + ed = new adjective * talent + ed = talented d
)5
4H8.56 a talented boy gets the first prize.
b. adjective + noun + ed = new adjective *
long + leg + ed. = long ] legged d")
4H8.56 He wears long I legged trousers.


 

 

 



Combination of sentences by using participles.

)9# Simple Sentence 2 9# 
Simple Sentence
9# $) 2 =9 ?
1. 9W"6 2 9# %)$)
2. 9W"6 2 9# >**%)$)
1. ))H#)*K.L+010#)*M4H"N0.H 0/3N60!
1) %$9W%) 9W noun %)4=9 pronoun
4=9%)%$ pronoun  6
2) $8 5
 _ (finite verb) "6 2 9#
a :-   $"6* 8*8 active form 4=9 past
simple tense = 6 present participle (V.ing)
b :-   $"6*8*8 passive form (Verb to be + v.3)
%$ verb to be =?4%* v.3 (p.p.) ? being + v.3 <>$
c :-   $"6*8*8 active form 4=9 past perfect
tense (had + V3) = had  having ?%$ had = V.3 
V.ing
)-.+01+,"#$ v.ing /)O8 v3 23*PQ',/'L,8O1 ")0.H5 participial
phrase +01"-NR participle 1"86
4H8.56
a : He believed the beggargs story. He gave her fifty baht.
= Believing the beggargs story. He gave her fifty baht.
b : He was arrested by the police. He was sent to the prison.
= Arrested by the police. He was sent to the prison.
? Being arrested by the police, he was sent to the prison.
c : She had worked hard all day, She felt tired.
= Having worked hard all day, she felt tired.
? Working hard all day, she felt tired.


 

 

 



2. ))H#)*K.L+01V5PQ5#)*M4H"N0.H 0/3N60!
1) 9W"6 2 9# >*%$ 6
2) $8 5
 _ (finite verb) "6 2 9#
a :-   $"6*8*8 active form 4=9 past simple
tense = 6 past perfect tense (had + V3) 4=9=
had  having
b :-   $"6*8*8 passive form (verb to be + V3)
= had been + V3 4=)= had  having
c :-   $"6*8*8 active form 4=9 past perfect
tense (had + V3) = had  having
phrase  $"66)* absolute phrase
4H8.56
a :- She sat on the bench. A scorpion stung her.
She had sat on the bench. A scorpion stung her.
= She having sat on the bench, a scorpion stung her.
b :- She was taken to hospital, the doctor examined her.
She had been taken to hospital. The doctor examined her.
= She having been taken to hospital. The doctor examined her.
c :- He had worked for two days. A table was finally finished.
= He having worked for two days, a table was finally finished.
W)@# Combination of sentences by using participle
1. 9W"6 2 9# %)$)
1.1 9W noun 4=9 pronoun  6
1.2   $*8*84=9 tense $6 (8*%9# )


 

 

 



Active form

passive form
was + V3
were

Past simple tense (V2)

past simple tense

 = Ving

 = V3 ? Being + +
V3

Ex
he believed the beggargs story.
He gave her fifty baht.
= Believing the beggargs story, he
gave her fifty baht. he gave

past perfect tense (had +V3)

 = Having + V3 ? Ving
Ex
She had worked hard all day.
She felt tired.
= Having worked hard all day , she
felt tired.

Ex
He was arrested by the police.
He was sent to the prison.
= Arrested by the police he was
sent to the prison.
Being arrested by the police he
was sent to
The prison.

2. 9W"6 2 9# >**%)$)

2.1 >*%$9W 6
2.2   $*8*84=9 tense $6


 

 

active form
past simple tense (V2)
 = having + V3

 



passive form
Past simple tense

was + V3
were

 = having + been + V3

Ex
Ex
She sat on the bench.
She was taken to hospital.
A scorpion stung her.
The doctor examined her.
= She having sat on the bench ,
= She having been taken to
a scorpion stung her.
hospital, the doctor examined her.
Past perfect tense (had +V3)
 = Having + V3
Ex
He had worked for two days.
A table was finally finished.
= He having worked for two days
, a table was finally finished.


 

 

 



W)@# participle phrase

1. Ving jjjjjjjjjjjjjjj. , S jjjjjjjjjjjjj.
2. V3 jj.jjjjjjjjjjj.jj. , S jjjjjjjjjjjjj.
3. Having V3 jjjjjjjjjjj..j. , S jjjjjjjjjjjjj.
4. Having been + V3 jjjjjjj.jj, S jjjjjjjjjjjjj.
5. Being + Adj jjjjjjjjjjj.. , S jjjjjj..jjjjjj..


 

 

 



Pre I test or Post Itest

on Participles
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.

1. The baby was holding a box _______a glass when I came in.
a. contained
b. being contained
c. containing
d. was contained
2. _______unable to fine the key, he was unable to enter the house.
a. Having
b. Being
c. To be
d. Was
3. _______told her everything, he drew his last breath.
a. Being
b. Be
c. Had
d. Having
4. She sat down, _______weary.
a. sighing
b. to sigh
c. sighed
d. sigh
5. I smell something_______ .
a. to burn
b. burns
c. burning
d. be burned
6. The soldiers marched along the street, _______their arms.
a swing
b. swinging
c. swung
d. to swing
7. One school report described him as a very shy boy-innumerable
complexes.
a. suffered with
b. suffered from
c. suffering with
d. suffering from


 

 

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8. _______the office _______Alfred went away.

a. Finding, close
b. Fine, closed
c. Finding, closed
d. To find, closed
9. Joe admired the trophy _______by Nancy
a. holding
b. being held
c. holded
d. held
10. The _______siren alerted the town.
a. shrieking
b. shriekened
c. being shrieked
d. shrieken
11. Dust _______filled the air.
a. the wind raised
b. raised by the wind
c. raising by the wind d. the wind raising
12. Mali enjoys_______.
a. importing olives from Italy.
b. olives imported from Italy.
c. imported olives from Italy.
d. olives importing from Italy.
13. The skier _______is my friend.
a. came down the hill
b. come down the hill
c. coming down the hill
d. have come down the hill
14. I like_______ .
a. the displayed shoes there.
b. the displaying shoes there.
c. the shoes displaying there.
d. the shoes displayed there.

 




 

 

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15. a. Seeds cluttered the lawn carried by the wind.

b. Seeds carrying by the wind cluttered.
c. Carried Seeds by the wind cluttered the lawn.
d. Seeds carried by the wind cluttered the lawn.
16. _______the street, she was knocked by a car.
a. Crossing
b. Crossed
c. Having sent
d. Being crossed
17. _______the telegram, he waited for a reply.
a. Sending
b. Sent
c. Having sent
d. Being sent
18. _______very poor, they could not send their son abroad.
a. Were
b. Being
c. Having been
d. Been


 

 

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Exercise 1
Direction : Combined the following sentences by using Present
Participle or Past Participle
1. The gulls flew seaward. The gulls were screaming.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj..
2. No one sat in the chair. The chair was broken.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj..
3. The visitors admired the books. The books were bound in red leather.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj..
4. A fence provides privacy. A fence is surrounding the grounds.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
5. We skated across the fields. The fields were frozen.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
6. Jack fixed the faucet. The faucet was leaking.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
7. The ship sails toward land. The ship is crowded.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
8. The skipper raised the flag. The flag was torn.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
9. We saw the thief. The thief was hiding inside.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
10. Man at used the broom. The broom was standing nearby.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj..
11. Joe admired the trophy. The trophy was held by Dara.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
12. We watched the student, The student was holding a baton.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.


 

 

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13. Dust filled the air. Dust was raised by the wind.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
14. She sat in the hall. She waited for a taxi
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
15. The doctor had given him some medicine. The doctor sent him home.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
16. He saw a tiger. He ran away.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
17. She was tired of concept. She sat down to rest.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
18. He was punished yesterday. He felt ashamed.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
19. The sun had risen. The fox disappeared.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
20. He returned home. She had gone to the hospital.
=jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj


 

 

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Exercise 2
Direction : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. When I told the nurse I wanted some eggs she asked me if I wanted
them _______ .
a. boil or fry
b. boiled or fried
c. boiling or frying
d. being boiled or fried
2. Having visited Bangkok, _______ .
a. Chiangmai was the next trip
b. The tourists went to Chiangmai
c. the tourists have been to Chiangmai
d. Chiangmai would be seen next
3. The student, _______his lesson thoroughly was prepared for the exam.
a. to study
b. studied
c. studying
d. having studied
4. He bought a car_______ .
a. has made
b. made in Japan
c. make in Japan
d. being made in Japan
5. The book _______from the bookstore is about Japanese history.
a. bought
b. was bought
c. buying
d. has been bought
6. The frightened baby _______hard, was clinging to its mother.
a. cried
b. cry
c. crying
d. being cry
7. zThe man devoted his life to help poor people.{
zThe work _______by this man is almost impossible to believe.
a. being done
b. doing
c. did
d. done


 

 

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8. zWhat did the manager say?{

zHe said that any worker _______away from work will be dismissed.{
a. stay
b. stayed
c. staying
d. to stay
9. _______at 2 a.m., Tawan was thought _______the suspect.
a. Seen and left j.be
b. Seen leaving j.to be
c. To be seen leaving j.to be
d. Tawan seen and left j.to be
10. _______in a high branch of the tree, the cat _______only by
a man using a long ladder.
a. Trapping j.was reached
b. Trapping j.had been reached
c. Trapped j.is reached
d. Trapped j.could be reached
11. _______by a long walk, John went straight to bed on reaching home.
a. Having been exhausted
b. Being exhausted
c. To have exhausted
d. To be exhausted
12. _______six cans of beer, Wichai handed his car ] keys to one of his
friends
a. Drinking
b. Being drunk
c. Having drunk
d. To drink
13. The child opened the heavy oak door. _______, he trembled inwardly.
a. Not knowing what expect
b. Had he not known what to expect
c. Not to know what to expect
d. He did not know what to expect


 

 

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14. Susan sat in the sun , _______ what the future would bring.
a. wondered
b. wonder
c. to wonder
d. wondering
15. They stood in the front hall shaking hands with the _______guests
a. departed
b. having departed
c. departing
d. being departed


 

 

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/6WO88'68-6
)= !   4=9 9. Grammar. % )%! G= !, 2540.


 

 

18

 



KEY
PARTICIPLES
PRE-TEST OR POST-TEST
1.c
2.b
3.d
6.b
7.d
8.c
11.b
12.b
13.c
16.a
17.a
18.b

4.a
9.d
14d

5.c
10.a
15.d


 

 

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EXERCISE 1.
1. The screaming gulls flew seaward.
2. No one sat in the broken chair.
3. The visitors admired the books bound in red leather.
4. A fence surrounding the grounds provides privacy.
5. We skated across the frozen fields.
6. Jack fixed the leaking faucet.
7. The crowded ship sails toward land.
8. The skipper raised the torn flag.
9. We saw the thief hiding inside.
10. Manat used the broom standing nearby.
11. Joe admired the trophy held by Dara.
12. We watched the student holding a baton.
13. Dust raised by the wind filled the air.
14. She sat in the hall waiting for a taxi.
15. Having given him some medicine, the doctor sent
Given
him home.
16. Seeing a tiger , he ran away.
17. Being tired
Tired
of concert , she sat down to rest.
18. Being punished
Punished
yesterday , he felt disappeared.
19.The sun having risen , the fox disappeared.
rising
20. She having gone to the hospital , he returned home.
going


 

 

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EXERCISE 2.

1.b
6.c
11.b

2c
7.d
12.c

3.d
8.c
13.a

4b
9.b
14.d

5.a
10.d
15.c