Building and Managing

Java Projects with Maven

Alan Wang
Connectria

Agenda

What is Maven?
A J2EE example
Customizing and extending Maven
Tips and discussions

What is Maven?

A Java project management and

integration build tool.
Based on the concept of XML
Project Object Model (POM).
Originally developed for building
Turbine.
A small core with numerous
plugins (in Jelly).

Build Tools Retrospective

One level above ant.

Make ant Maven
(Assembly C C++)
Make

makefile

target

Ant

build.xml

target

Maven

project.xml
maven.xml

goals

Under the Hood

jalopy

site

junit

etc

test

cactus

artifact

xdoc

ear

gump

xdoclet

javadoc

java

jar

war

ejb

maven core, jelly, werkz

ant
forehead classloader util launcher

Maven

plugins

Architecture Overview
Build System
project.xml (pom)

Local
Repo

maven.xml (goals)

maven

Site

http

Remote
Repo

Artifact Repository

The Most Important Feature

Remote Repository
${mave.repo.remote}/<groupId>/<type>s/<artifactId>-<version>.<type>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>xalan</groupId>
<artifactId>xalan</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<type>jar</type>
</dependency>

</dependencies>

- repository
- []
- xalan
- jars
- xalan-2.5.0.jar
- xalan-2.5.1.jar
- []
- []

Artifact Repository

Local Repository
A local mirror/cache of downloaded
artifacts from remote repositories.
Located at
${user.home}/.maven/repository
${mave.repo.local}/<groupId>/<type>s/<artifactId>-<version>.<type>

Implementing an Example
Get Started
Download from
http://maven.apache.org/start/download.html

Current version: 1.0rc1

Environment setup
export MAVEN_HOME=c:/maven-1.0rc1
export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin;$PATH
(or set MAVEN_HOME = c:\maven-1.0rc1
set PATH = %MAVEN_HOME%\bin;%PATH% )

run install_repo.sh to populate the local

repository

Create a New Project

Type:
maven genapp

It will prompt for

project id
project name
project package name

A Sample Service J2EE Project

EJB (stateless session beans exposed as web
services)
Data components
Web application

Directory Layout
Project Directory Layout
sampleservice

project.xml
maven.xml
project.properties
application/

- Master POM of the project

- Reactor definition
- Properties related to the project
- Application component

service-data/
service-ejb/
service-web/

- Common data component

target/
xdocs/

- Generated artifact directory

- Various documents in xml format

- EJB/WS component
- Web Application component

Directory Layout
A Component Directory Layout

service-data
- Data component subproject

project.xml
maven.xml
project.properties
src/
conf/
java/
test/
target/
xdocs/

- POM of the data project

- Goals definition
- Properties related to the project
- Source directory
- Configuration and resource files
- Java source files
- Test source files
- Generated artifact directory
- Various documents in xml format

Project Object Model (POM)

Projects are described as Project Object Model.
Project Management

Detailed description of the project.

Company information.
Developer roles and information.
Mailing list and source control modules
configuration.

Project Build
Source code and test code location.
Resources location

Project Object Model (POM)

Project Dependency
Libraries needed for build and runtime.

Project Reports
Junit reports
Javadoc reports
Checkstyle reports, .etc

Project Management Section

<project>
<pomVersion>3</pomVersion>
<groupId>sampleservice</groupId>
<name>Sample Service</name> <!-- Used in Javadoc -->
<id>sampleservice</id>
<currentVersion>1.0</currentVersion>
<!-- Used for document creation -->
<organization>
<name>My, Inc.</name>
<url>http://www.myinc.com</url>
<logo>/images/logo.gif</logo>
</organization>

(elements in bold are required)

Project Management Section

<project>
[]

<inceptionYear>2003</inceptionYear> <!-- Used in JavaDoc

<package>com.myinc.sampleservice</package> <!-- Used in JavaDoc -->
<shortDescription>Demo to use maven</shortDescription> <!-- one liner -->
<!-- Used in front page-->

<description>
A detailed description about this demo
</description>
<url>http://www.myinc.com/sampleservice/</url>
<issueTrackingUrl/>
<siteAddress>dev.myinc.com</siteAddress> <!-- Used in deployment -->
<siteDirectory>/www/sampleservice/</siteDirectory> <!-- Used in deployment -->
<!-- Used in deployment. If defined, it overrides ${maven.repo.central} -->

<distributionSite>/www/dist/sampleservice</distributionSite>
<!-- Used in deployment, final distribution directory -->
<distributionDirectory>/www/www.myinc.com/somedir</distributionDirectory>

Project Management Section

<project>
[]
<repository>
<connection>scm:cvs:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot:samples
ervice</connection>
<developerConnection>scm:cvs:pserver:${maven.username}@cvs.myinc
.com:/cvsroot:sampleservice</developerConnection>
<url>http://cvs.myinc.org/viewcvs/sampleservice/</url>
</repository>
<!-- Used in maven:dist -->
<versions>
<version>

<id>1.0-beta-1</id>
<mailingLists/>
<name>1.0-beta-1</name>
<contributors/>
<tag>1.0-beta-1</tag>
<developers/>

</version>
</versions>
<branches/>
[]

Project Dependency Section

<project>
[]
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
Special Dependency:
SNAPSHOT
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.8</version>
<properties>
<ear.bundle>true</ear.bundle>
<ejb.manifest.classpath>true</ejb.manifest.classpath
>
</properties>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
[]

Project Dependency Section

Dependency Classloader
[]

<dependency>
<groupId>bcel</groupId>
<artifactId>bcel</artifactId>
<version>5.1</version>
<properties>
<classloader>root</classloader>
</properties>
</dependency>
[]

Maven has three classloaders:

root -- ant classloader
root.maven maven core classloader
default plugin classloader

Project Dependency Section

Dependency Override
project.xml

<dependency>
<groupId>weblogic</groupId>
<artifactId>weblogic</artifactId>
<version>8.1.1</version>
<properties>
<classloader>root</classloader>
</properties>
</dependency>
project.properties

## Dependency override
maven.jar.override = on
maven.jar.weblogic = ${weblogic.home}/lib/weblogic.jar
maven.jar.webservices = ${weblogic.home}/lib/webservices.jar

Project Build Section

Defines the location of source, test and resource files.
[]

<build>
<nagEmailAddress>[email protected]</nagEmailAddress>
<sourceDirectory>${src.java.dir}</sourceDirectory>
<unitTestSourceDirectory>${src.test.dir}</unitTestSourceDirectory>
src/java
<aspectSourceDirectory/>
[]

src/aspect

src/test

Project Build Section

<unitTest>
<includes>
<include>**/*Test.java</include>
</includes>
<resources/>
</unitTest>
src/conf
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>${src.conf.dir}</directory>
prefix package name,
<targetPath/>
e.g. com.myinc.
sampleservice
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>

Project Report Section

Defines various reports to be generated
<reports>
<report>maven-jdepend-plugin</report>
<report>maven-checkstyle-plugin</report>
<report>maven-changelog-plugin</report>
<report>maven-developer-activity-plugin</report>
<report>maven-file-activity-plugin</report>
<report>maven-javadoc-plugin</report>
<report>maven-jxr-plugin</report>
<report>maven-junit-report-plugin</report>
<report>maven-linkcheck-plugin</report>
<report>maven-tasklist-plugin</report>
</reports>

Project Report - Example

Jakarta Turbine

Project Report - XDoc

xdocs/navigation.xml

<menu name="General Information">

<item name="Overview"
href="/index.html"/>
<item name="Features"
href="/features.html"/>
<item name="Specification"
href="/fsd.html"/>
<item name="Getting Started"
href="/getting-started.html"/>
</menu>
xdocs/features.xml
<document>
<properties>
<title>Turbine Features</title>
<author email="">Jon S. Stevens</author>
</properties>
<body>
<section name="Features">
<p>This document is for bragging about all of Turbine's .

</document>

Property Processing
${project.home}/project.properties

Project scope
properties

${project.home}/build.properties

Properties
specific to each
build

${user.home}/build.properties

Properties
specific to each
user

CLI Dfoo=bar
Sample build.properties:

bea.home=c:/bea81sp1
oracle.home=c:/oracle/ora9i

The last definition wins

Build Process Design

Common data module

Sample Service project components

EJBs
Web Application

Data
(jar)

EJB
(jar)

Webapp
(war)

EAR

Subproject: service-data
project.xml (POM)
<project>
<extend>../project.xml</extend>
<name>Sample Service Data
Module</name>
<id>sampleservice-data</id>
</project>
Note: POM can be inherited.

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
service-data/
project.xml
maven.xml
src/
service-ejb/
service-web/
xdocs/

Subproject: service-data
maven.xml (Goals)
<project default="build"
xmlns:j="jelly:core"
xmlns:maven="jelly:maven"
xmlns:ant="jelly:ant">
<goal name="build"
prereqs="jar:install"/>
</project>

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
service-data/
project.xml
maven.xml
src/
service-ejb/
service-web/
xdocs/

Note: Goals can also be inherited

Make jar

Local
Repo

Subproject: service-ejb
project.xml (POM)
<project>
<extend>../project.xml</extend>
<name>Sample Service EJB</name>
<id>sampleservice-ejb</id>
<dependency>
<groupId>${pom.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>sampleservice-data</artifactId>
<version>${pom.currentVersion}</version>
<properties>
<ejb.manifest.classpath>true</ejb.manifest
.classpath>
</properties>
</dependency>

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
service-data/
service-ejb/
project.xml
maven.xml
src/
service-web/
xdocs/

</project>
xdoclet

compile

ws-gen

ejb-jar

Local
Repo

Subproject: service-ejb
Maven XDoclet Plugin

Support all standard tags

Automatically includes generated src dir in compilation src set
Support util class generation
Dependencies
xdoclet-ejb-module-1.2
xdoclet-web-module-1.2
xdoclet-bea-module-1.2
(for WebLogic Server Deployment)

Note: Current version 1.2 does not work out-of-box (needed to fix the project.xml)

Subproject: service-ejb
Maven XDoclet Plugin - Properties
## EJBDoclet
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.fileset.0.include=**/ejb/**/*Bean.java
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.ejbSpec=2.0
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.verbose=true
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.session.0=false
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.localhomeinterface.0=true
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.localinterface.0=true
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.utilobject.0=true
## EJBDoclet WebLogic Nested Element
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.weblogic.0=true
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.weblogic.0.mergeDir=${src.dir}/ejbdoclet
maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.weblogic.0.destDir=${maven.xdoclet.ejbdoclet.deploym
entdescriptor.0.destDir}

Subproject: service-ejb
Web Services

Currently Maven has no container specific plugins

<goal name="wsgen" prereqs="wsgen.autotype, wsgen.source2wsdd"/>

<goal name="wsgen.autotype">
<taskdef name="autotype"
classname="weblogic.ant.taskdefs.webservices.javaschema.JavaSchema"/>
.
</goal>
<goal name=wsgen.source2wsdd>

</goal>
project.properties
Use tag:
## Web Services
@wlws
maven.webservice.javaComponents=\
com.myinc.sampleservice.ejb.BasicAccountInquiry,\
com.myinc.sampleservice.ejb.ExpandedAccountInquiry,\
com.myinc.sampleservice.ejb.DetailedAccountInquiry
maven.webservice.autotype.package=com.myinc.sampleservice.autotype
maven.webservice.autotype.keepgenerated=false

Subproject: service-ejb
Maven EJB Plugin

sampleservice
project.xml
Currently no container specific ejb-jar
maven.xml
application/
<goal name="ejbjar" prereqs="java:compile">
<path id="ejb.classpath">
service-data/
<pathelement location="${maven.build.dest}"/>
service-ejb/
<path refid="maven.dependency.classpath"/>
project.xml
</path>
maven.xml
<j:set var="maven.ejb.descriptordir"
value="${pom.getPluginContext('maven-xdoclet-plugin')./>
src/
<ejbjar srcdir="${maven.build.dest}"
service-web/
descriptordir="${maven.ejb.descriptordir}"
xdocs/
flatdestdir="true"
basejarname="${pom.artifactId}-${pom.currentVersion}">
<classpath refid="ejb.classpath"/>
<weblogic destdir="${maven.build.dir}newCMP="true"
outputdir="${maven.build.dir}/ejb" rebuild="false"
ejbcclass="weblogic.ejbc"
</weblogic>

Subproject: service-ejb
Making the Final EJB Jar
<project default="build>
<goal name="build" prereqs="ejb:install"/>
<preGoal name="java:compile">
<attainGoal name="xdoclet:ejbdoclet"/>
</preGoal>
<postGoal name="java:compile">
<attainGoal name="wsgen"/>
<attainGoal name="java:jar-resources"/>
</postGoal>
<preGoal name="ejb:ejb">
<attainGoal name="ejbjar"/>
</preGoal>

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
service-data/
service-ejb/
project.xml
maven.xml
src/
service-web/
xdocs/

<postGoal name="ejb:install">
<artifact:install
artifact="${maven.build.dir}/${pom.artifactId}-${pom.currentVersion}.xml"
type="xml project="${pom}"/>
</postGoal>

Subproject: service-web
project.xml (POM)
<project>
<extend>../project.xml</extend>
<name>Sample Service Web Application</name>
<id>sampleservice-web</id>

<dependency>
<groupId>${pom.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>sampleservice-data</artifactId>
<version>${pom.currentVersion}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>${pom.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>sampleservice-ejb</artifactId>
<version>${pom.currentVersion}</version>
<type>ejb</type>
<properties>
<web-service>true</web-service>
</properties>
</dependency>

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
service-data/
service-ejb/
service-web/
project.xml
maven.xml
src/
xdocs/

custom
property

Subproject: service-web
maven.xml (goals)
<project default=build>

preGoal is
used to generate
web services DD
file if defined

<goal name="build" prereqs="war:install"/>

<preGoal name="war:war">
<j:forEach var="dep" items="${pom.dependencies}">
<j:if test="${dep.getProperty('web-service')=='true'}">
<util:file var="xmlFile"
name="${maven.repo.local}/${dep.groupId}/xmls/${dep.artifactId}${dep.version}.xml"/>
<j:if test="${xmlFile.exists()}">
<x:parse var="xml" xml="${xmlFile}"/>
<x:forEach var="node" select="$xml/*/*">
<j:set var="temp" value="${root.add(node.detach())}"/>
</x:forEach>
</j:if>
</j:if>
</j:forEach>
<j:if test="${!root.elements().isEmpty()}">
<! output the web-services.xml -->
</j:if>
</preGoal>

<!-- EJB Component -->

<dependency>
<groupId>${pom.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>sampleservice-ejb</artifactId>
EAR Packaging
<version>${pom.currentVersion}</version>
<type>ejb</type>
<project>
<properties>
<extend>../project.xml</extend>
<ear.bundle>true</ear.bundle>
<name>Sample Service Application</name>
</properties>
</dependency>
<id>sampleservice</id>

Subproject: application

<!-- WAR Component -->

<!-- Data Component -->
<dependency>
sampleservice
<dependency>
<groupId>${pom.groupId}</groupId>
project.xml
<groupId>${pom.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>sampleservice-web</artifactId>
maven.xml
<artifactId>sampleservice-data</artifactId>
<version>${pom.currentVersion}</version> <version>${pom.currentVersion}</version>
application/
<type>war</type>
<type>jar</type>
project.xml
<properties>
<properties>
maven.xml
<ear.bundle>true</ear.bundle>
<ear.bundle>true</ear.bundle>
src/
<ear.appxml.war.context-root>
</properties>
/${pom.artifactId}
</dependency>
service-data/
</ear.appxml.war.context-root>
service-ejb/
</properties>
service-web/
</dependency>

xdocs/

Subproject: application
EAR Packaging
<project default=build>
<goal name="build" prereqs="ear"/>
<preGoal name="ear:generate-ear-descriptor">
<mkdir dir="${maven.ear.appxml.dir}"/>
</preGoal>
</project>

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
project.properties
project.xml

## Ear related
maven.xml
maven.ear.appxml.dir = ${maven.build.dir}/application/META-INF
src/
maven.ear.appxml = ${maven.ear.appxml.dir}/application.xml
service-data/
maven.ear.appxml.generate = true
service-ejb/
service-web/
Tip: container specific DD files can be stored at src/application/META-INF
xdocs/

Putting It Together: Reactor

<project default=build
xmlns:j="jelly:core"
xmlns:maven="jelly:maven"
xmlns:ant="jelly:ant">
.
<goal name="build">
<maven:reactor
basedir="${basedir}"
postProcessing="true"
includes="*/project.xml"
excludes=""
goals="build"
banner="Building"
ignoreFailures="false"/>
</goal>

sampleservice
project.xml
maven.xml
application/
service-data/
service-ejb/
service-web/
xdocs/

Putting It Together: Reactor

/c/dev/sampleservice/>maven
__ __
| \/ |__ _Apache__ ___
| |\/| / _` \ V / -_) ' \ ~ intelligent projects ~
|_| |_\__,_|\_/\___|_||_| v. 1.0-rc1-SNAPSHOT
Starting the reactor...
Our processing order:
Sample Service Data Module
Sample Service EJB
Sample Service Web Application
Sample Service Application
+---------------------------------------| Building Sample Service Data Module
| Memory: 3M/4M
+---------------------------------------build:
java:prepare-filesystem:
[mkdir] Created dir: C:\dev\sampleservice\service-data\target\classes
java:compile:
.

Customizing Maven

Override plugin properties in

project.properties
build.properties

Use maven.xml
Override plugin goals
Intercept plugin goals with <preGoal/>
and <postGoal/>

Write you own plugin

In Java, Jelly, or other scripting language.

Real Life Maven

Single artifact per project
Can be tweaked to deliver multiple artifacts
as long as no type conflicts
Fine-grained design

Project Migration/Mavenizing
Can co-exist with ant
May require different directory structure

Too Slow?
Use console plugin

Are you ready for maven?

Culture change

Summary
Pros
Work out-of-box for standard projects
Build assets highly reusable, thanks to
core/plugin architecture
Build rules are more dynamic
Best suited for project integration
IDE friendly

Cons
Incomplete documentation
Missing convenience details
Not yet mature. Still waiting for the R1.

Get More

http://maven.apache.org
http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/10/22/maven.html
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-maven
http://www.javausergroup.at/events/maven.pdf
http://www.theserverside.com/articles/article.jsp?l=MavenMagic
http://blogs.codehaus.org/people/vmassol/archives/000080.html
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2002/jw-1011maven.html

Questions